Commonly,the standards for the geometric design of roads refer to a given set of values for the friction coefficient(longitudinal and transverse friction).These"reference"values imply corresponding visibilit...Commonly,the standards for the geometric design of roads refer to a given set of values for the friction coefficient(longitudinal and transverse friction).These"reference"values imply corresponding visibility sights,curvature radii,and speed limits.Unfortunately,not only do these reference values not correspond to a given standard to measure them,but nothing is said about the decrease of the posted speed limit(variable speed limits)when roads become slippery and lanes for autonomous vehicle(AV)are concerned.Furthermore,the same assessment of the friction coefficient has plenty of uncertainties due to measurement device,temperature,location,time passed from the construction,alignment-related variables(e.g.,curve,tangent,transition curve,convexity/crests or concavity/sags,longitudinal slope,superelevation,and ruling gradient),and supplementary singularities such as joints and bridge approaches.All the issues above may harm road safety and the complexity of forensic investigations of pavements.Consequently,this study's objectives were confined to(1)carrying out friction measurements and analyzing the problem of friction decay over time;(2)setting up a method to lower the speed limits where friction decays are detected;(3)setting up a method to handle friction decays for autonomous vehicles.Results demonstrate that:(1)a power law describes how the speed limits are affected by friction;(2)for speeds up to 170 km/h,due to the lower reaction time,AV reaction distance is lower,which benefits AV traffic(lower stopping distance);(3)on the contrary,for higher values of friction and higher speeds,under the hypothesis of having the same reaction time law for non-AV(NAV)(i.e.,decreasing with the initial speed),AV speed limits become lower than NAV speed limits;(4)not only do comfort-based speed profiles for AVs bring higher braking distances,but also,in the median part(of the deceleration process),this could pose safety issues and reduce the distance between the available and the needed friction.展开更多
Knowledge of the dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures is practical and theoretically meaningful in pavement design,construction,and monitoring.The tests in the laboratory for the determination of asphalt concrete(AC...Knowledge of the dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures is practical and theoretically meaningful in pavement design,construction,and monitoring.The tests in the laboratory for the determination of asphalt concrete(AC)moduli include the resilient modulus through the indirect tensile test(EN 12697-26),the complex modulus through the four point bending beam(EN 12697-26),the asphalt mixture performance tester(AMPT)and the simple performance tester(SPT)(AASHTO T342).Unfortunately,the tests above are time-consuming and quite expensive.On the other hand,the standard ASTM E1876 for resonant tests applies only to very thin(stocky)cylindrical samples(with a thickness-to-radius ratio,t/r,lower than 0.5)while the typical AC samples produced in the laboratory do not satisfy the ASTM E1876 requirements.Consequently,the main objective of this study is to set up and implement a tentative method to extend the range of applicability of the standard ASTM E1876 to common AC samples.The methodology was to carry out resonant tests on slender samples and to cut each of them into stocky samples(these latter complying with ASTM E1876 requirements in terms of t/r),deriving the master curve per material.These master curves allowed for deriving the value of the dynamic modulus for the given selected sample under its particular test conditions during the resonant test(i.e.,temperature and frequency).Consequently,simplified formulae were provided for AC samples.Results were compared to Witczak's estimates.These formulae provide an approximate tool to carry out low-cost and high-speed inferences at the laboratory stage on common AC samples,whatever their thickness is.Additional studies are needed to investigate the reliability of the method further and reduce uncertainties.展开更多
Muscle Shortening Maneuver(MSM)is a rehabilitation technique successfully applied to several pathological conditions.The concept is to passively elongate and shorten the target muscle group of the affected limb.As a r...Muscle Shortening Maneuver(MSM)is a rehabilitation technique successfully applied to several pathological conditions.The concept is to passively elongate and shorten the target muscle group of the affected limb.As a result,the functionality(muscle strength and range of motion)of that limb is improved.The existing system induces these oscillations manually or without any feedback control,which can compromise the effectiveness and standardization of MSM.In this paper,we present a mechatronic system that can precisely deliver motion oscillations to the upper limb for a controllable execution of MSM.First,we collected the parameters(frequency and amplitude of the oscillations)from a system where a motor was heuristically used by a well-experienced therapist to induce the oscillations(without any feedback control).Based on these specifications,we chose the motor and rebuilt the experimental setup,implementing a sliding mode control with a sliding perturbation observer.With our system,the operator can choose a given frequency and amplitude of the oscillations within the range we experimentally observed.We tested our system with ten participants of different anthropometry.We found that our system can accurately reproduce oscillations in the frequency range 0.8 to 1.2 Hz and amplitude range 2 to 6 cm,with a maximum percentage normalized root mean square error around 7%.展开更多
The need for a flexible,dynamic,and decentralized energy market has rapidly grown in recent years.As a matter of fact,Industry 4.0 and Smart Grids are pursuing a path of automation of operations to insure all the step...The need for a flexible,dynamic,and decentralized energy market has rapidly grown in recent years.As a matter of fact,Industry 4.0 and Smart Grids are pursuing a path of automation of operations to insure all the steps among consumers and producers are getting closer.This leads towards solutions that exploit the paradigm of public blockchain,which represents the best platform to design flat and liquid markets for which providing trust and accountability to mutual interactions becomes crucial.On the other hand,one of the risks arising in this situation is that personal information is exposed to the network,with intolerable threats to privacy.In this paper,we propose a solution for energy trading,based on the blockchain Ethereum and Smart Contracts.The solution aims to be a concrete proposal to satisfy the needs of energy trading in smart grids,including the important feature that no information about the identity of the peers of the network is disclosed in advance.展开更多
Light polymeric soundproofing materials （density = 63 kg/m3） of interest for the transportation industry were fabricated through electrospinning. Blankets of electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone （average fiber diameter...Light polymeric soundproofing materials （density = 63 kg/m3） of interest for the transportation industry were fabricated through electrospinning. Blankets of electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone （average fiber diameter = （1.6 ± 0.5） or （2.8 ± 0.5） μm） were obtained by stacking disks of electrospun mats. The sound absorption coefficients were measured using the impedance tube instrument based on ASTM E1050 and ISO 10534-2. For a given set of disks （from a minimum of 6） the sound absorption coefficient changed with the frequency （in the range 200-1600 Hz） following a bell shape curve with a maximum （where the coefficient is greater than 0.9） that shifts to lower frequencies at higher piled disks number and greater fiber diameter. This work showed that electrospinning produced sound absorbers with reduced thickness （2-3 cm） and excellent sound-absorption properties in the low and medium frequency range.展开更多
Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-...Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.展开更多
The precipitation kinetics of secondary phases in two austeno-ferritic lean duplex stainless steels（lean DSS）were examined after aging the materials at 800 ℃.Owing to the instability of ferrite,all DSS are known to...The precipitation kinetics of secondary phases in two austeno-ferritic lean duplex stainless steels（lean DSS）were examined after aging the materials at 800 ℃.Owing to the instability of ferrite,all DSS are known to be sensitive to solid-state phase transformations in the critical temperature range 600-1,000 ℃ and different secondary phases may form,depending on composition and microstructure.The performed thermodynamic simulations revealed the proneness to the precipitation of such phases also have been done in lean DSS,but only information on the equilibrium microstructures were achieved.Therefore,the materials were aged at various times,in order to verify the simulations and determine the precipitation kinetics.The occurred structural modifications were observed and quantified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction measurements,determining phase type,composition and volumetric fraction.At 800 ℃,grade 2101 was found to be only affected by Cr_2N nitrides precipitation,whereas a significant amount of σ-phase was found to form in LDX 2404 for treatment longer than 1 h,almost totally replacing ferrite after 50 h.Up to now,the intermetallic σ-phase has been observed only in the high alloyed DSS,and the unexpected precipitation in grade 2404 highlighted that the increased content of molybdenum in this steel might be considered as determinant for the formation.展开更多
The purpose of the next internet of things(Io T)is that of making available myriad of services to people by high sensing intelligent devices capable of reasoning and real time acting.The convergence of Io T and multi-...The purpose of the next internet of things(Io T)is that of making available myriad of services to people by high sensing intelligent devices capable of reasoning and real time acting.The convergence of Io T and multi-agent systems(MAS)provides the opportunity to benefit from the social attitude of agents in order to perform machine-to-machine(M2 M)cooperation among smart entities.However,the selection of reliable partners for cooperation represents a hard task in a mobile and federated context,especially because the trustworthiness of devices is largely unreferenced.The issues discussed above can be synthesized by recalling the well known concept of social resilience in Io T systems,i.e.,the capability of an Io T network to resist to possible attacks by malicious agent that potentially could infect large areas of the network,spamming unreliable information and/or assuming unfair behaviors.In this sense,social resilience is devoted to face malicious activities of software agents in their social interactions,and do not deal with the correct working of the sensors and other information devices.In this setting,the use of a reputation model can be a practicable and effective solution to form local communities of agents on the basis of their social capabilities.In this paper,we propose a framework for agents operating in an Io T environment,called Res Io T,where the formation of communities for collaborative purposes is performed on the basis of agent reputation.In order to validate our approach,we performed an experimental campaign by means of a simulated framework,which allowed us to verify that,by our approach,devices have not any economic convenience to performs misleading behaviors.Moreover,further experimental results have shown that our approach is able to detect the nature of the active agents in the systems(i.e.,honest and malicious),with an accuracy of not less than 11%compared to the best competitor tested and highlighting a high resilience with respect to some malicious activities.展开更多
The effects of the quantum well(QW)width,carrier density,and aluminium(Al)concentration in the barrier layers on the optical characteristics of a gallium nitride(GaN)-based QW laser diode are investigated by means of ...The effects of the quantum well(QW)width,carrier density,and aluminium(Al)concentration in the barrier layers on the optical characteristics of a gallium nitride(GaN)-based QW laser diode are investigated by means of a careful modelling analysis in a wide range of temperatures.The device’s optical gain is calculated by using two different band energy models.The first is based on the simple band-to-band model that accounts for carrier transitions between the first levels of the conduction band and valence band,whereas the second assumes the perturbation theory(k.p model)for considering the valence intersubband transitions and the relative absorption losses in the QW.The results reveal that the optical gain increases with increasing the n-type doping density as well as the Al molar fraction of the AlxGa1–xN layers,which originate the GaN compressivestrained QW.In particular,a significant optical gain on the order of 5000 cm^-1 is calculated for a QW width of 40A at room temperature.In addition,the laser threshold current density is of few tens of A/cm^2 at low temperatures.展开更多
Despite almost a century of studies dealing with traffic noise,researchers and practitioners still face old and new issues when designing a low-noise pavement.Given that,this manuscript aims at focusing on a number of...Despite almost a century of studies dealing with traffic noise,researchers and practitioners still face old and new issues when designing a low-noise pavement.Given that,this manuscript aims at focusing on a number of unsolved questions,namely theoretical or technological.1)Is it viable to balance diverse road-related needs(i.e.,noise,expected life,texture levels,and friction)?2)How much does the pavement material affect its acoustic performance(the remaining factors being constant)?3)How much reliable is the relationship between road texture and mixture aggregate gradation?Based on the analysis of these issues,it emerges that:1)optimal pavement design involves complex mix optimization and there are theoretical and practical bases to set up a balanced approach to address the complexity of pavement design;2)high percentages of crumb rubber could optimise road acoustic response but this latter has a relationship with the tyre/road noise(expressed,for example,in terms of close proximity index)that calls for further investigation;3)aggregate gradation appears to be a reliable basis to predict surface texture and therefore,under given boundary conditions,tyre/road noise;and 4)further studies and investigations are needed in terms of local calibration of deterioration curves and setting up of a sound method to assess the frequency response of asphalt concretes and to govern on-site noise indicators based on mixture properties.展开更多
Gunungsewu is a karst terrain that shows unique geomorphologic phenomena. The area is mainly composed of limestone of Wonosari Formation. Interaction of tectonic, erosion, denudation, and deposition occurred since Mio...Gunungsewu is a karst terrain that shows unique geomorphologic phenomena. The area is mainly composed of limestone of Wonosari Formation. Interaction of tectonic, erosion, denudation, and deposition occurred since Miocene period brings about diversity of landforms that supporting the development of this area as a natural laboratory, specific interest, scientific and educational tourisms. In general the geomorphology of Gunungsewu can be classified into two groups of landforms, the first is positive relief and the second is negative relief. The positive relief includes hills of conical, dome, convex-cone, convex and ridge. The negative relief involves cave, shaft, doline, uvala, locva and polje. This diversity is influenced by variation of physical properties of rock composing the landforms, such as hardness, internal friction angle, and geologic structures including thickness and position of bedding plane as well as joint pattern.展开更多
Data production and exchange on the Web grows at a frenetic speed. Such uncontrolled and exponential growth pushes for new researches in the area of information extraction as it is of great interest and can be obtaine...Data production and exchange on the Web grows at a frenetic speed. Such uncontrolled and exponential growth pushes for new researches in the area of information extraction as it is of great interest and can be obtained by processing data gathered from several heterogeneous sources. While some extracted facts can be correct at the origin, it is not possible to verify that correlations among the mare always true (e.g., they can relate to different points of time). We need systems smart enough to separate signal from noise and hence extract real value from this abundance of content accessible on the Web. In order to extract information from heterogeneous sources, we are involved into the entire process of identifying specific facts/events of interest. We propose a gluing architecture, driving the whole knowledge acquisition process, from data acquisition from external heterogeneous resources to their exploitation for RDF trip lification to support reasoning tasks. Once the extraction process is completed, a dedicated reasoner can infer new knowledge as a result of the reasoning process defined by the end user by means of specific inference rules over both extracted information and the background knowledge. The end user is supported in this context with an intelligent interface allowing to visualize either specific data/concepts, or all information inferred by applying deductive reasoning over a collection of data.展开更多
The study, carried out within the LogNet research project financed by Calabria region, deals with the analysis of the automotive supply chain. In particular, after a first examination of the characteristics of the who...The study, carried out within the LogNet research project financed by Calabria region, deals with the analysis of the automotive supply chain. In particular, after a first examination of the characteristics of the whole automotive supply chain, attention was focussed on its final part, that is, on transport and end-market distribution. The paper proposes specific models, which are differentiated by the transport mode （road, rail, sea） they are involved, to estimate the temporal and monetary costs related to the activity of goods distribution to the compounds/end-clients. The proposed mode/ling formulations concern two different areas of investigation： the network segment and interchange nodes. Each cost item is also calculated through aggregate formulations （where the cost is function of a single significant variable in relation to a unit cost parameter） and disaggregate formulations （where each cost item is separately considered）. The models have been applied to a study carried out for the modal transfer of vehicles in the port of Gioia Tauro, south of Italy. The analysis has allowed, on the one hand, to calibrate certain models and, on the other, to simulate certain scenario hypotheses to verify the technical feasibility of a different structure for the automotive supply chain in Italy.展开更多
In this paper, we are interested in answering the following research question: "Is it possible to form effective groups in virtual communities by exploiting trust information without significant overhead, similar...In this paper, we are interested in answering the following research question: "Is it possible to form effective groups in virtual communities by exploiting trust information without significant overhead, similarly to real user communities?"In order to answer this question, instead of adopting the largely used approach of exploiting the opinions provided by all the users of the community(called global reputation), we propose to use a particular form of reputation, called local reputation. We also propose an algorithm for group formation able to implement the proposed procedure to form effective groups in virtual communities. Another interesting question is how to measure the effectiveness of groups in virtual communities. To this aim we introduce the index in a measure of the effectiveness of the group formation. We tested our algorithm by realizing some experimental trials on real data from the real world EPINIONS and CIAO communities, showing the significant advantages of our procedure w.r.t. another prominent approach based on traditional global reputation.展开更多
In this paper, we present a multi-source nanonetwork model for biomedical diagnosis applications, based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance by different shape gold nanoparticles (i.e., cylinder, cube, and rod)....In this paper, we present a multi-source nanonetwork model for biomedical diagnosis applications, based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance by different shape gold nanoparticles (i.e., cylinder, cube, and rod). We present the process of multi-source emission, diffusion, and reception of nanoparticles, based on the ligand/receptor binding. Then, a multi-detection process of DNA alterations is accomplished when nanoparticles are captured at the receiver. The colloidal particles are selectively functionalized with specific splice junctions of gene sequences to reveal simultaneously different alteration that could be associated to an early disease condition. Particularly, full-wave simulations have been carried out for the multi-detection of alternative splice junctions of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1. The proposed application is verified through numerical results and expressed in terms of Extinction-Cross Section, in the case of synchronous and asynchronous nanoparticles detection. We show that the proposed approach is able to detect DNA alterations, based on a selective nanoparticle reception process.展开更多
文摘Commonly,the standards for the geometric design of roads refer to a given set of values for the friction coefficient(longitudinal and transverse friction).These"reference"values imply corresponding visibility sights,curvature radii,and speed limits.Unfortunately,not only do these reference values not correspond to a given standard to measure them,but nothing is said about the decrease of the posted speed limit(variable speed limits)when roads become slippery and lanes for autonomous vehicle(AV)are concerned.Furthermore,the same assessment of the friction coefficient has plenty of uncertainties due to measurement device,temperature,location,time passed from the construction,alignment-related variables(e.g.,curve,tangent,transition curve,convexity/crests or concavity/sags,longitudinal slope,superelevation,and ruling gradient),and supplementary singularities such as joints and bridge approaches.All the issues above may harm road safety and the complexity of forensic investigations of pavements.Consequently,this study's objectives were confined to(1)carrying out friction measurements and analyzing the problem of friction decay over time;(2)setting up a method to lower the speed limits where friction decays are detected;(3)setting up a method to handle friction decays for autonomous vehicles.Results demonstrate that:(1)a power law describes how the speed limits are affected by friction;(2)for speeds up to 170 km/h,due to the lower reaction time,AV reaction distance is lower,which benefits AV traffic(lower stopping distance);(3)on the contrary,for higher values of friction and higher speeds,under the hypothesis of having the same reaction time law for non-AV(NAV)(i.e.,decreasing with the initial speed),AV speed limits become lower than NAV speed limits;(4)not only do comfort-based speed profiles for AVs bring higher braking distances,but also,in the median part(of the deceleration process),this could pose safety issues and reduce the distance between the available and the needed friction.
文摘Knowledge of the dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures is practical and theoretically meaningful in pavement design,construction,and monitoring.The tests in the laboratory for the determination of asphalt concrete(AC)moduli include the resilient modulus through the indirect tensile test(EN 12697-26),the complex modulus through the four point bending beam(EN 12697-26),the asphalt mixture performance tester(AMPT)and the simple performance tester(SPT)(AASHTO T342).Unfortunately,the tests above are time-consuming and quite expensive.On the other hand,the standard ASTM E1876 for resonant tests applies only to very thin(stocky)cylindrical samples(with a thickness-to-radius ratio,t/r,lower than 0.5)while the typical AC samples produced in the laboratory do not satisfy the ASTM E1876 requirements.Consequently,the main objective of this study is to set up and implement a tentative method to extend the range of applicability of the standard ASTM E1876 to common AC samples.The methodology was to carry out resonant tests on slender samples and to cut each of them into stocky samples(these latter complying with ASTM E1876 requirements in terms of t/r),deriving the master curve per material.These master curves allowed for deriving the value of the dynamic modulus for the given selected sample under its particular test conditions during the resonant test(i.e.,temperature and frequency).Consequently,simplified formulae were provided for AC samples.Results were compared to Witczak's estimates.These formulae provide an approximate tool to carry out low-cost and high-speed inferences at the laboratory stage on common AC samples,whatever their thickness is.Additional studies are needed to investigate the reliability of the method further and reduce uncertainties.
基金supported by the European Union by the Next Generation EU Project ECS00000017‘Ecosistema dell’Innovazione’Tuscany Health Ecosystem(THE,PNRR,Spoke 9:Robotics and Automation for Health)by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research(MUR)in the framework of the FoReLab project(Departments of Excellence).
文摘Muscle Shortening Maneuver(MSM)is a rehabilitation technique successfully applied to several pathological conditions.The concept is to passively elongate and shorten the target muscle group of the affected limb.As a result,the functionality(muscle strength and range of motion)of that limb is improved.The existing system induces these oscillations manually or without any feedback control,which can compromise the effectiveness and standardization of MSM.In this paper,we present a mechatronic system that can precisely deliver motion oscillations to the upper limb for a controllable execution of MSM.First,we collected the parameters(frequency and amplitude of the oscillations)from a system where a motor was heuristically used by a well-experienced therapist to induce the oscillations(without any feedback control).Based on these specifications,we chose the motor and rebuilt the experimental setup,implementing a sliding mode control with a sliding perturbation observer.With our system,the operator can choose a given frequency and amplitude of the oscillations within the range we experimentally observed.We tested our system with ten participants of different anthropometry.We found that our system can accurately reproduce oscillations in the frequency range 0.8 to 1.2 Hz and amplitude range 2 to 6 cm,with a maximum percentage normalized root mean square error around 7%.
文摘The need for a flexible,dynamic,and decentralized energy market has rapidly grown in recent years.As a matter of fact,Industry 4.0 and Smart Grids are pursuing a path of automation of operations to insure all the steps among consumers and producers are getting closer.This leads towards solutions that exploit the paradigm of public blockchain,which represents the best platform to design flat and liquid markets for which providing trust and accountability to mutual interactions becomes crucial.On the other hand,one of the risks arising in this situation is that personal information is exposed to the network,with intolerable threats to privacy.In this paper,we propose a solution for energy trading,based on the blockchain Ethereum and Smart Contracts.The solution aims to be a concrete proposal to satisfy the needs of energy trading in smart grids,including the important feature that no information about the identity of the peers of the network is disclosed in advance.
基金partially supported and funded by the Department of Education, Research, Labour, of the Cultural Politics and Social Politics of Campania Region under the research program“MITO-Improvement and Innovation of “Thermoacoustical Material for Aeronautical Applications” PO FESR Campania 2007/2013, OO 2.1 CUP: B68C12000640007, Code SMILE: 150
文摘Light polymeric soundproofing materials （density = 63 kg/m3） of interest for the transportation industry were fabricated through electrospinning. Blankets of electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone （average fiber diameter = （1.6 ± 0.5） or （2.8 ± 0.5） μm） were obtained by stacking disks of electrospun mats. The sound absorption coefficients were measured using the impedance tube instrument based on ASTM E1050 and ISO 10534-2. For a given set of disks （from a minimum of 6） the sound absorption coefficient changed with the frequency （in the range 200-1600 Hz） following a bell shape curve with a maximum （where the coefficient is greater than 0.9） that shifts to lower frequencies at higher piled disks number and greater fiber diameter. This work showed that electrospinning produced sound absorbers with reduced thickness （2-3 cm） and excellent sound-absorption properties in the low and medium frequency range.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41701232).
文摘Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.
文摘The precipitation kinetics of secondary phases in two austeno-ferritic lean duplex stainless steels（lean DSS）were examined after aging the materials at 800 ℃.Owing to the instability of ferrite,all DSS are known to be sensitive to solid-state phase transformations in the critical temperature range 600-1,000 ℃ and different secondary phases may form,depending on composition and microstructure.The performed thermodynamic simulations revealed the proneness to the precipitation of such phases also have been done in lean DSS,but only information on the equilibrium microstructures were achieved.Therefore,the materials were aged at various times,in order to verify the simulations and determine the precipitation kinetics.The occurred structural modifications were observed and quantified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction measurements,determining phase type,composition and volumetric fraction.At 800 ℃,grade 2101 was found to be only affected by Cr_2N nitrides precipitation,whereas a significant amount of σ-phase was found to form in LDX 2404 for treatment longer than 1 h,almost totally replacing ferrite after 50 h.Up to now,the intermetallic σ-phase has been observed only in the high alloyed DSS,and the unexpected precipitation in grade 2404 highlighted that the increased content of molybdenum in this steel might be considered as determinant for the formation.
基金partially supported by the University of Catania,Piano per la Ricerca 2016-2018-Linea di intervento 1(Chance),prot.2019-UNCTCLE-0343614the Italian MIUR,PRIN 2017 Project“Fluidware”(CUP H24I17000070001)。
文摘The purpose of the next internet of things(Io T)is that of making available myriad of services to people by high sensing intelligent devices capable of reasoning and real time acting.The convergence of Io T and multi-agent systems(MAS)provides the opportunity to benefit from the social attitude of agents in order to perform machine-to-machine(M2 M)cooperation among smart entities.However,the selection of reliable partners for cooperation represents a hard task in a mobile and federated context,especially because the trustworthiness of devices is largely unreferenced.The issues discussed above can be synthesized by recalling the well known concept of social resilience in Io T systems,i.e.,the capability of an Io T network to resist to possible attacks by malicious agent that potentially could infect large areas of the network,spamming unreliable information and/or assuming unfair behaviors.In this sense,social resilience is devoted to face malicious activities of software agents in their social interactions,and do not deal with the correct working of the sensors and other information devices.In this setting,the use of a reputation model can be a practicable and effective solution to form local communities of agents on the basis of their social capabilities.In this paper,we propose a framework for agents operating in an Io T environment,called Res Io T,where the formation of communities for collaborative purposes is performed on the basis of agent reputation.In order to validate our approach,we performed an experimental campaign by means of a simulated framework,which allowed us to verify that,by our approach,devices have not any economic convenience to performs misleading behaviors.Moreover,further experimental results have shown that our approach is able to detect the nature of the active agents in the systems(i.e.,honest and malicious),with an accuracy of not less than 11%compared to the best competitor tested and highlighting a high resilience with respect to some malicious activities.
文摘The effects of the quantum well(QW)width,carrier density,and aluminium(Al)concentration in the barrier layers on the optical characteristics of a gallium nitride(GaN)-based QW laser diode are investigated by means of a careful modelling analysis in a wide range of temperatures.The device’s optical gain is calculated by using two different band energy models.The first is based on the simple band-to-band model that accounts for carrier transitions between the first levels of the conduction band and valence band,whereas the second assumes the perturbation theory(k.p model)for considering the valence intersubband transitions and the relative absorption losses in the QW.The results reveal that the optical gain increases with increasing the n-type doping density as well as the Al molar fraction of the AlxGa1–xN layers,which originate the GaN compressivestrained QW.In particular,a significant optical gain on the order of 5000 cm^-1 is calculated for a QW width of 40A at room temperature.In addition,the laser threshold current density is of few tens of A/cm^2 at low temperatures.
基金supported by the European Commission(LIFE20 ENV/IT/000181-LIFE SNEAK).
文摘Despite almost a century of studies dealing with traffic noise,researchers and practitioners still face old and new issues when designing a low-noise pavement.Given that,this manuscript aims at focusing on a number of unsolved questions,namely theoretical or technological.1)Is it viable to balance diverse road-related needs(i.e.,noise,expected life,texture levels,and friction)?2)How much does the pavement material affect its acoustic performance(the remaining factors being constant)?3)How much reliable is the relationship between road texture and mixture aggregate gradation?Based on the analysis of these issues,it emerges that:1)optimal pavement design involves complex mix optimization and there are theoretical and practical bases to set up a balanced approach to address the complexity of pavement design;2)high percentages of crumb rubber could optimise road acoustic response but this latter has a relationship with the tyre/road noise(expressed,for example,in terms of close proximity index)that calls for further investigation;3)aggregate gradation appears to be a reliable basis to predict surface texture and therefore,under given boundary conditions,tyre/road noise;and 4)further studies and investigations are needed in terms of local calibration of deterioration curves and setting up of a sound method to assess the frequency response of asphalt concretes and to govern on-site noise indicators based on mixture properties.
文摘Gunungsewu is a karst terrain that shows unique geomorphologic phenomena. The area is mainly composed of limestone of Wonosari Formation. Interaction of tectonic, erosion, denudation, and deposition occurred since Miocene period brings about diversity of landforms that supporting the development of this area as a natural laboratory, specific interest, scientific and educational tourisms. In general the geomorphology of Gunungsewu can be classified into two groups of landforms, the first is positive relief and the second is negative relief. The positive relief includes hills of conical, dome, convex-cone, convex and ridge. The negative relief involves cave, shaft, doline, uvala, locva and polje. This diversity is influenced by variation of physical properties of rock composing the landforms, such as hardness, internal friction angle, and geologic structures including thickness and position of bedding plane as well as joint pattern.
文摘Data production and exchange on the Web grows at a frenetic speed. Such uncontrolled and exponential growth pushes for new researches in the area of information extraction as it is of great interest and can be obtained by processing data gathered from several heterogeneous sources. While some extracted facts can be correct at the origin, it is not possible to verify that correlations among the mare always true (e.g., they can relate to different points of time). We need systems smart enough to separate signal from noise and hence extract real value from this abundance of content accessible on the Web. In order to extract information from heterogeneous sources, we are involved into the entire process of identifying specific facts/events of interest. We propose a gluing architecture, driving the whole knowledge acquisition process, from data acquisition from external heterogeneous resources to their exploitation for RDF trip lification to support reasoning tasks. Once the extraction process is completed, a dedicated reasoner can infer new knowledge as a result of the reasoning process defined by the end user by means of specific inference rules over both extracted information and the background knowledge. The end user is supported in this context with an intelligent interface allowing to visualize either specific data/concepts, or all information inferred by applying deductive reasoning over a collection of data.
文摘The study, carried out within the LogNet research project financed by Calabria region, deals with the analysis of the automotive supply chain. In particular, after a first examination of the characteristics of the whole automotive supply chain, attention was focussed on its final part, that is, on transport and end-market distribution. The paper proposes specific models, which are differentiated by the transport mode （road, rail, sea） they are involved, to estimate the temporal and monetary costs related to the activity of goods distribution to the compounds/end-clients. The proposed mode/ling formulations concern two different areas of investigation： the network segment and interchange nodes. Each cost item is also calculated through aggregate formulations （where the cost is function of a single significant variable in relation to a unit cost parameter） and disaggregate formulations （where each cost item is separately considered）. The models have been applied to a study carried out for the modal transfer of vehicles in the port of Gioia Tauro, south of Italy. The analysis has allowed, on the one hand, to calibrate certain models and, on the other, to simulate certain scenario hypotheses to verify the technical feasibility of a different structure for the automotive supply chain in Italy.
文摘In this paper, we are interested in answering the following research question: "Is it possible to form effective groups in virtual communities by exploiting trust information without significant overhead, similarly to real user communities?"In order to answer this question, instead of adopting the largely used approach of exploiting the opinions provided by all the users of the community(called global reputation), we propose to use a particular form of reputation, called local reputation. We also propose an algorithm for group formation able to implement the proposed procedure to form effective groups in virtual communities. Another interesting question is how to measure the effectiveness of groups in virtual communities. To this aim we introduce the index in a measure of the effectiveness of the group formation. We tested our algorithm by realizing some experimental trials on real data from the real world EPINIONS and CIAO communities, showing the significant advantages of our procedure w.r.t. another prominent approach based on traditional global reputation.
文摘In this paper, we present a multi-source nanonetwork model for biomedical diagnosis applications, based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance by different shape gold nanoparticles (i.e., cylinder, cube, and rod). We present the process of multi-source emission, diffusion, and reception of nanoparticles, based on the ligand/receptor binding. Then, a multi-detection process of DNA alterations is accomplished when nanoparticles are captured at the receiver. The colloidal particles are selectively functionalized with specific splice junctions of gene sequences to reveal simultaneously different alteration that could be associated to an early disease condition. Particularly, full-wave simulations have been carried out for the multi-detection of alternative splice junctions of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1. The proposed application is verified through numerical results and expressed in terms of Extinction-Cross Section, in the case of synchronous and asynchronous nanoparticles detection. We show that the proposed approach is able to detect DNA alterations, based on a selective nanoparticle reception process.
