In 2015,it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty,protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.The year after,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)officiall...In 2015,it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty,protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.The year after,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)officially came into force.In 2015,GEO(Group on Earth Observation)declared to support the implementation of SDGs.The GEO Global Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS)required a change of paradigm,moving from a data-centric approach to a more knowledge-driven one.To this end,the GEO System-of-Systems(SoS)framework may refer to the well-known Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom(DIKW)paradigm.In the context of an Earth Observation(EO)SoS,a set of main elements are recognized as connecting links for generating knowledge from EO and non-EO data–e.g.social and economic datasets.These elements are:Essential Variables(EVs),Indicators and Indexes,Goals and Targets.Their generation and use requires the development of a SoS KB whose management process has evolved the GEOSS Software Ecosystem into a GEOSS Social Ecosystem.This includes:collect,formalize,publish,access,use,and update knowledge.ConnectinGEO project analysed the knowledge necessary to recognize,formalize,access,and use EVs.The analysis recognized GEOSS gaps providing recommendations on supporting global decision-making within and across different domains.展开更多
Caralluma edulis is a leafless succulent herb native to India and Pakistan,where it is used as emergency food and as potential herbal medicine.It was investigated for its bioactive chemicals and further medicinal prop...Caralluma edulis is a leafless succulent herb native to India and Pakistan,where it is used as emergency food and as potential herbal medicine.It was investigated for its bioactive chemicals and further medicinal properties.The objective of the current study was to accomplish the chemical and biological characterization of C.edulis.Chemical profiling was done through estimation of total bioactive contents and UHPLMS analysis.Biological screening was achieved through six different antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays.Estimation of its phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed that ethyl acetate fraction(Ce-E)contains 14.15 mg GAE/g extract and 26.13 mg RE/g extract of phenolics and flavonoids,respectively,followed by the methanolic(Ce-M)and the water(Ce-W)soluble fractions.In free radical inhibitory assays,Ce-E fraction also exhibited highest activity(DPPH:19.72 mg TE/g extract,ABTS:48.66 mg TE/g extract)followed by Ce-M,whereas,in CUPRAC and FRAP assays,all the extracts,except water fraction,exhibited nearly equal potential in the range of 53.85–57.96 and 25.42–32.12 mg TE/g extract,respectively.In metal chelating antioxidant assay,only Ce-M and Ce-W fractions displayed considerable activities(25.88 and 23.55 mg EDTAE/g extract respectively),whereas,Ce-H exhibited the highest activity in phosphomolybdenum assay(1.03 mmolTE/g extract),against BChE(6.43 mg GALAE/g extract),α-glucosidase andα-amylase(6.98 and 0.47 mmol ACAE/g,respectively)and tyrosinase(64.46 mg KAE/g extract)enzymes.Ce-M and Ce-E also exhibited significant activity against tyrosinase(59.85 and 58.40 mg KAE/g extract,respectively).Crude methanolic extract(Ce-M)was analyzed to unveil its secondary metabolic picture;the UHPLCMS analysis discloses 105 compounds as phenolic acids,flavonoids,steroids and their glycosides,which makes the C.edulis extract a strong candidate for nutraceutical and functional food ingredient.Some of the metabolites were docked against all the tested enzymes to predict mode of actions and to substantiate the pharmaceutical nature of C.edulis.展开更多
Shrimp farming is a major global aquaculture activity;however,its social and ecological impacts raise sustainability concerns.While previous research has focused on isolated social or environmental aspects of sustaina...Shrimp farming is a major global aquaculture activity;however,its social and ecological impacts raise sustainability concerns.While previous research has focused on isolated social or environmental aspects of sustainability in shrimp farming,integrated assessments of these factors using a social-ecological systems(SES)approach are rare.A framework for assessing the sustainability of shrimp farming-comprising a set of social and ecological indicators-is developed and conceptualized in this study for the first time,using an integrated,interdisciplinary,and empirical SES approach.We first identified key social and ecological indicators and developed a conceptual framework based on SES approach,then surveyed 90 shrimp farms across 3 coastal regions(including Satkhira,Bagerhat,and Cox’s Bazar districts)in Bangladesh.Nearly all farmers in Satkhira(97%)and all in Bagerhat(100%)expressed dissatisfaction with the decreasing pattern of shrimp production and profitability over the last decade.In contrast,nearly all respondents in Cox’s Bazar(97%)reported satisfaction with increasing shrimp production.Except in Cox’s Bazar,equity in labor payment remained a concern for the social sustainability of the shrimp farming system.The changing pattern of shrimp production and profitability,which does not ensure equity,poses a threat to the sustainability of shrimp farming.Most of the surveyed farmers recognized the mutual benefits of mangrove forests and shrimp farming(97%in Satkhira and 77%in Cox’s Bazar),which suggests potential for the development of policy on integrated mangrove-shrimp farming with community-based management.This research could help assess the sustainability of the shrimp farming system and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2(zero hunger)and 8(decent work and economic growth).By examining existing practices and developing a novel framework,this study highlights informed decision-making and guides methodological discussion on assessing the sustainability of shrimp farming using the SES approach in coastal regions and different aquaculture systems worldwide.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation[ConnectinGEO grant#641538,ECOPOTENTIAL grant#641762,ERA-PLANET/GEOEssential grant#689443].
文摘In 2015,it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty,protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.The year after,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)officially came into force.In 2015,GEO(Group on Earth Observation)declared to support the implementation of SDGs.The GEO Global Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS)required a change of paradigm,moving from a data-centric approach to a more knowledge-driven one.To this end,the GEO System-of-Systems(SoS)framework may refer to the well-known Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom(DIKW)paradigm.In the context of an Earth Observation(EO)SoS,a set of main elements are recognized as connecting links for generating knowledge from EO and non-EO data–e.g.social and economic datasets.These elements are:Essential Variables(EVs),Indicators and Indexes,Goals and Targets.Their generation and use requires the development of a SoS KB whose management process has evolved the GEOSS Software Ecosystem into a GEOSS Social Ecosystem.This includes:collect,formalize,publish,access,use,and update knowledge.ConnectinGEO project analysed the knowledge necessary to recognize,formalize,access,and use EVs.The analysis recognized GEOSS gaps providing recommendations on supporting global decision-making within and across different domains.
基金King Khalid University of Saudi Arabia extend their appreciation to Deanship of Scientific Research for financial support through project RGP.1/318/43support from Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Centre,Ministry of Health,Asir Region,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Caralluma edulis is a leafless succulent herb native to India and Pakistan,where it is used as emergency food and as potential herbal medicine.It was investigated for its bioactive chemicals and further medicinal properties.The objective of the current study was to accomplish the chemical and biological characterization of C.edulis.Chemical profiling was done through estimation of total bioactive contents and UHPLMS analysis.Biological screening was achieved through six different antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays.Estimation of its phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed that ethyl acetate fraction(Ce-E)contains 14.15 mg GAE/g extract and 26.13 mg RE/g extract of phenolics and flavonoids,respectively,followed by the methanolic(Ce-M)and the water(Ce-W)soluble fractions.In free radical inhibitory assays,Ce-E fraction also exhibited highest activity(DPPH:19.72 mg TE/g extract,ABTS:48.66 mg TE/g extract)followed by Ce-M,whereas,in CUPRAC and FRAP assays,all the extracts,except water fraction,exhibited nearly equal potential in the range of 53.85–57.96 and 25.42–32.12 mg TE/g extract,respectively.In metal chelating antioxidant assay,only Ce-M and Ce-W fractions displayed considerable activities(25.88 and 23.55 mg EDTAE/g extract respectively),whereas,Ce-H exhibited the highest activity in phosphomolybdenum assay(1.03 mmolTE/g extract),against BChE(6.43 mg GALAE/g extract),α-glucosidase andα-amylase(6.98 and 0.47 mmol ACAE/g,respectively)and tyrosinase(64.46 mg KAE/g extract)enzymes.Ce-M and Ce-E also exhibited significant activity against tyrosinase(59.85 and 58.40 mg KAE/g extract,respectively).Crude methanolic extract(Ce-M)was analyzed to unveil its secondary metabolic picture;the UHPLCMS analysis discloses 105 compounds as phenolic acids,flavonoids,steroids and their glycosides,which makes the C.edulis extract a strong candidate for nutraceutical and functional food ingredient.Some of the metabolites were docked against all the tested enzymes to predict mode of actions and to substantiate the pharmaceutical nature of C.edulis.
基金Prime Minister Fellowship, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, for providing a PhD fellowship to Kazi Atiah TAIYEBIGraduate Research and Travel Awards (GRATA) under the School of Social&Environmental Sustainability, University of Glasgow, for supporting the field work in Bangladesh。
文摘Shrimp farming is a major global aquaculture activity;however,its social and ecological impacts raise sustainability concerns.While previous research has focused on isolated social or environmental aspects of sustainability in shrimp farming,integrated assessments of these factors using a social-ecological systems(SES)approach are rare.A framework for assessing the sustainability of shrimp farming-comprising a set of social and ecological indicators-is developed and conceptualized in this study for the first time,using an integrated,interdisciplinary,and empirical SES approach.We first identified key social and ecological indicators and developed a conceptual framework based on SES approach,then surveyed 90 shrimp farms across 3 coastal regions(including Satkhira,Bagerhat,and Cox’s Bazar districts)in Bangladesh.Nearly all farmers in Satkhira(97%)and all in Bagerhat(100%)expressed dissatisfaction with the decreasing pattern of shrimp production and profitability over the last decade.In contrast,nearly all respondents in Cox’s Bazar(97%)reported satisfaction with increasing shrimp production.Except in Cox’s Bazar,equity in labor payment remained a concern for the social sustainability of the shrimp farming system.The changing pattern of shrimp production and profitability,which does not ensure equity,poses a threat to the sustainability of shrimp farming.Most of the surveyed farmers recognized the mutual benefits of mangrove forests and shrimp farming(97%in Satkhira and 77%in Cox’s Bazar),which suggests potential for the development of policy on integrated mangrove-shrimp farming with community-based management.This research could help assess the sustainability of the shrimp farming system and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2(zero hunger)and 8(decent work and economic growth).By examining existing practices and developing a novel framework,this study highlights informed decision-making and guides methodological discussion on assessing the sustainability of shrimp farming using the SES approach in coastal regions and different aquaculture systems worldwide.
