Forest planning involves estimating the biomass of species present in the area.Two fundamental parameters are diameter and height through which it is possible to indirectly estimate of biomass present.Digitalisation o...Forest planning involves estimating the biomass of species present in the area.Two fundamental parameters are diameter and height through which it is possible to indirectly estimate of biomass present.Digitalisation of forestry operations,such as forest planning,is crucial and should be affordable and easy-to-use digital applications and open-source devices.A digital progressive web application(PWA)was designed to record measurements.The app was connected via bluetoot to an open-source IoT digital forestry caliper prototyped by modifying a commercial tree caliper.An economic analysis was carried out considering all costs necessary for the development and operation of the app on smartphones and the preparation of electronic means for creation of the digital caliper.A comparison was made between costs of detecting tree diameters through application of the technology developed compared to costs calculated by applying the use of a dendrometric caliper(three technological levels were considered:L1,L2 and L3).The PWA allowed for easy data entry and viewing,maps and tree densities.The open-source digital caliper showed accuracy and precision comparable with similar commercial devices(1.5%±0.9%and 0.0%±0.9%,respectively).Total time per operator was lower using the digital caliper.From an economic perspective,application of the digital technology was more sustainable than the traditional system.Use of the digital caliper in combination with the web application optimizes detection time of a single tree,and therefore decreases overall cost.展开更多
Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic...Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic forces across different spatial scales.The present study investigates desertification risk,land degradation,and socio-demographic dynamics through the lens of“resilience,”adopting complex adaptive systems(CAS)thinking.The resilience of socio-environmental systems exposed to land degradation is defined as the capacity of a regional economy to respond to crises and reorganize by making changes to preserve functions,structure,and feedback,and to promote future development options.By reviewing the socioeconomic resilience of local socio-ecological systems exposed to land degradation,this study achieves a better comprehension of the multifaceted processes that lead to a higher risk of desertification and the intimate relationship with underlying population trends and demographic dynamics.A comprehensive approach based on resilience thinking was formulated to review both environmental and socio-demographic issues at the landscape scale,and provide a suitable foundation for sustainability science and regional development policies.展开更多
The present study analyzes the structure and dynamics of the forest landscape in a peri-urban area （Rome, Italy） during the city＇s expansion from 1949 to 2008 using landscape metrics and change detection anal- ysis...The present study analyzes the structure and dynamics of the forest landscape in a peri-urban area （Rome, Italy） during the city＇s expansion from 1949 to 2008 using landscape metrics and change detection anal- ysis of digital maps of the area （1500 km2）. While urban settlements increased continuously from 6.5 to 27.5 % of the study area, woodlands changed less clearly, with a moderate increase （from 11.2 to 11.9 % of the total area） and a higher fragmentation as a consequence of Rome＇s expansion. The structure of forest landscape changed along the urban-to-rural gradient with patch size increasing with the distance to the inner city in 1949 and substantial landscape homogeneity in 2008. The indicators proposed in this study inform dedicated measures for conserving forest and maintaining landscape diversity. Measures adopted in Rome＇s forestation plan to counteract woodlandfragmentation were analyzed and discussed. Based on the complex landscape dynamics found for Rome, an inte- grated multiscale planning approach targeting forest con- servation is considered a key contribution to urban sustainability.展开更多
Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global population.Accurately predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and c...Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global population.Accurately predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises,future trading prices,and policy planning.The use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality traits.Many studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing data.In this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are introduced.The literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail,and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms,commonly used methods,potential gaps,and future trends in crop quality prediction.This review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data.展开更多
Snow damage on natural stands is an important problem concerning mountainous forest management.In the present research,the frequency and intensity of heavy snow damage on natural stands and the relationship of damages...Snow damage on natural stands is an important problem concerning mountainous forest management.In the present research,the frequency and intensity of heavy snow damage on natural stands and the relationship of damages with characteristics of trees,stand and topography were studied in mountainous forests of northern Iran.A systematic sampling design was applied to the study area(140 ha),with 122 circular plots.The grid dimension was100 m and each plot area was 1000 m^2.The four types of snow damage to trees include:crown damage(8.6%),stem breakage(5.4%),uprooting(3.2%),and bending(1.4%).The frequency of crown damage grew with an increase inthe diameter at breast height(DBH),while the frequency of stem breakage,uprooting and bending decreased with an increase the DBH.The frequency of crown damage,stem breakage,and total damages was related to tree species(p<0.01).Not all tree species were equally susceptible to snow damage.The amount of damage grew with increasing elevation and slope angle and decreased with increasing soil depth.Young trees(DBH<25 cm)were more susceptible to snow damage than other trees.Snow damage decreased by as the trees in the stand became more mixed in age.The susceptibility of trees to snow damage increased by height and slenderness coefficient.With adequate silvicultural operation,snow damage can be reduced to a minimum level in these natural forests.展开更多
In Italy,the hydro-geological protection of the Apennine territories is a well-known issue.For this reason,at the end of the 19th century,a new reforestation technique was proposed by the Inspector of Forest Service,P...In Italy,the hydro-geological protection of the Apennine territories is a well-known issue.For this reason,at the end of the 19th century,a new reforestation technique was proposed by the Inspector of Forest Service,Pietro Montanari to cope with difficult soil conditions of the mountain areas.This new approach was the first application of the so-called"gradoni"(small terraces)method of soil preparation.Each"gradone"was 100-120 cm wide and made with a slight counter slope(ca 10-15 degrees)to promote the accumulation of water and organic matter.Along each"gradone",bare root black pine seedlings(Pinus nigra Am.)were planted at a distance of 1 m from each other with a density of more than 3,000/ha.Nowadays,19,158 hectares of black pine forests are growing in the Apennine of the Abruzzi region,largely resulting from those reforestation projects realized since the beginning of the 20th century.A case study of Monte Plaia(42°00′12″N 13°53′39″E),that illustrates the situation after 70-110 years in consequence of lacking of silvicultural treatment and the application of aforest restoration method is presented.展开更多
The aim of the research was to develop a catch-and-release trap for monitoring and controlling RPW （Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, red palm weevil）. The RPW insects were attracted through the use of an aggregation phero...The aim of the research was to develop a catch-and-release trap for monitoring and controlling RPW （Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, red palm weevil）. The RPW insects were attracted through the use of an aggregation pheromone located into a dispenser inside the trap. The RPW adults entered through an entrance door into a sterilization room where they were sprayed with a solution containing the chemical sterilizer product ＂lufenuron＂. The adults were then forced to move into a contamination room where it was present a wet media containing spores and hyphae of Metarhizium anisopliae and spores and crystalline insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringensis. The sterilized and infected RPW adults were counted and released into the environment where they reached new palms and join natural populations of RPW. Preliminary experiments showed that the catch-and-release trap was able to reduce the fertility of RPW adults and to increase their mortality after contamination with entomopathogens. Moreover, the infected RPW adults were able to infect untreated RPW larvae leading to a larvae mortality of 93% within 30 days. In conclusion, the advanced catch-and-release trap represents a safe and effective tool to monitor and control the population of RPW pest without environmental pollution and risks for human health.展开更多
We report for the first time the occurrence of heteroplasmy in Grey Partridge(Perdix perdix)revealed by means of two mitochondrial fragments.The possible serious biological and management implications of this exceptio...We report for the first time the occurrence of heteroplasmy in Grey Partridge(Perdix perdix)revealed by means of two mitochondrial fragments.The possible serious biological and management implications of this exception to unilateral inheritance of mtDNA were underlined.展开更多
This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the costs of different logging systems, in particular considering three different bunching-extraction methods. Moreover the stumpage value of each plot was calculated, ...This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the costs of different logging systems, in particular considering three different bunching-extraction methods. Moreover the stumpage value of each plot was calculated, and a comparison analysis of the results is presented. The work was carried out in Central Italy, in an aged Quercus cerris L. coppice in hill zones, with a 45% average slope. Short wood system harvesting was applied. Felling and processing were performed by chainsaw, while extraction with three different methods： plot No. 1 with mules, plot No. 2 with a tractor with winch, plot No. 3 with polyethylene chute line. Transport of firewood from the forest track to the landing was made by a tractor loaded as a mule. In the plot No. 1 the costs per unit mass （30.76 ∈·t33% ^-1） were higher despite having the lower cost per hour （39.99∈·th^- 1）. The reason was the lower productivity （1.3 t33%·h^-1）. The plot No. 2 had the highest cost per hour （66.79 ∈·h^-1）. However, productivity was the highest （2.7 t33%·h^- 1）. This aspect was notable from the financial point of view （24.74 ∈·t33%^-1）. Plot No. 3 was the less expensive （23.92 ∈·t33%^-1）. Comparing the three methods, a reduction of the costs through more appropriate extraction systems may increase the stumpage value from 8.3 to 9.65 ∈·t33%^- 1.展开更多
Characterization of the relationship between sulfur and iron in both Strategy I and Strategy II plants, has proven that low sulfur availability often limits plant capability to cope with iron shortage. Here it was inv...Characterization of the relationship between sulfur and iron in both Strategy I and Strategy II plants, has proven that low sulfur availability often limits plant capability to cope with iron shortage. Here it was investigated whether the adaptation to iron deficiency in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） plants was associated with an increased root sulfate uptake and translocation capacity, and modified dynamics of total sulfur and thiols accumulation between roots and shoots. Most of the tomato sulfate transporter genes belonging to Groups 1, 2, and 4 were significantly upregulated in iron-deficient roots, as it commonly occurs under S-deficient conditions. The upregulation of the two high affinity sulfate transporter genes, SlST1.1 and SlST1.2, by iron deprivation clearly suggests an increased root capability to take up sulfate. Furthermore, the upregulation of the two low affinity sulfate transporter genes SlST2.1 and SlST4.1 in iron-deficient roots, accompanied by a substantial accumulation of total sulfur and thiols in shoots of＆amp;nbsp;iron-starved plants, likely supports an increased root-to-shoot translocation of sulfate. Results suggest that tomato plants exposed to iron-deficiency are able to change sulfur metabolic balance mimicking sulfur starvation responses to meet the increased demand for methionine and its derivatives, al owing them to cope with this stress.展开更多
Liquid smoke is a natural product made up of smoke concentrate which is used to impart a smoky flavour without resorting to the traditional smoking technique:it is practical to use,cheap,easy to dose,able to control t...Liquid smoke is a natural product made up of smoke concentrate which is used to impart a smoky flavour without resorting to the traditional smoking technique:it is practical to use,cheap,easy to dose,able to control the presence of undesirable substances and,above all,with reduced environmental impact,unlike traditional smoking systems.On the other hand,it has a low preservation effect.Thus,the objective of this study was to design the production of an innovative fish product using liquid smoke in combination with natural compounds through three subsequent phases:1)economic concept evaluation to assess the acceptability of the proposed product through a qualitative and quantitative investigation;2)optimisation of the process(individuation of smoking liquid composition and process parameters)using modelling predictive tools,i.e.tertiary and secondary models;3)product realization and its evaluation in terms of microbiological profile,chemical-physical param-eters,and consumers’acceptability.Results show that sea bream and sea bass fillets could be sprayed using a solution composed by lemon extract(0.75%),acetic acid(0.5%),NaCl(2%),and liquid smoke(0.002%),packed under vacuum and stored at 4℃ for at least two weeks,during which spoilage bacteria maintained low cell loads.After 14 days,in fact,smoked fillets showed total viable count and psychrotrophs of about 5 log CFU/g,Pseudomonadaceae about 6 log CFU/g,while for Enterobacteriaceae cell loads of 2-3 log CFU/g were recorded.Other microbial groups were absent and pathogens were never detected.In addition,results from the consumer survey highlight that over 60%of the interviewed sample appeared inclined to accept innovation,with 50%of respondents also willing to pay a premium price of 20%,thus sug-gesting that the proposed eco-smoking technique could be adopted and help in ensuring a more sustainable food production.展开更多
In higher plants, NO3 can induce its own uptake and the magnitude of this induction is positively related to the external anion concentration. This phenomenon has been characterized in both herbaceous and woody plants...In higher plants, NO3 can induce its own uptake and the magnitude of this induction is positively related to the external anion concentration. This phenomenon has been characterized in both herbaceous and woody plants. Here,different adaptation strategies of roots from two maize（Zea mays L., ZmAGOs） inbred lines differing in nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） and exhibiting different timing of induction were discussed by investigating NO3 ‐induced changes in their transcriptome. Lo5 line（high NUE） showing the maximum rate of NO3 uptake 4 h after the provision of 200 mmol/L NO3 treatment modulated a higher number of transcripts relative to T250（low NUE） that peaked after 12 h. The two inbred lines share only 368 transcripts that are modulated by the treatment with NO3 and behaved differently when transcripts involved in anion uptake and assimilation were analyzed. T250 line responded to the NO3 induction modulating this group of Researchgenes as reported for several plant species. On the contrary,the Lo5 line did not exhibit during the induction changes in this set of genes. Obtained data suggest the importance of exploring the physiological and molecular variations among different maize genotypes in response to environmental clues like NO3 provision, in order to understand mechanisms underlying NUE.展开更多
Celiac Disease(CD)represents a clinical,nutritional,and social issue and the only way for a relief is a strict gluten free diet;apart from serological effects and histological injuries,it is well known that CD is alwa...Celiac Disease(CD)represents a clinical,nutritional,and social issue and the only way for a relief is a strict gluten free diet;apart from serological effects and histological injuries,it is well known that CD is always related to a strong dysbiosis of gut microbiota.In the literature there are several approaches to counteract CD,but they are generally based on the idea that gluten should be excluded.In this field,a novel approach is Gluten Friendly^(TM) technology(GF),a temperature-based treatment of wheat seeds able to make gluten less immunogenic.This narrative review addresses GF technology(multi-step treatment of wheat seeds at high temperatures for short time through microwave processing,alternated with water evaporation phase),along with some hypotheses occurring at chemical and structural levels,which are probable responsible of the reduced immunoreactivity.The second core topic is on the effect of GF flour and bread on pro-technological microorganisms and on gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo,with also a focus on the results of a first clinical trial.GF can exert a positive effect on Lactobacillus spp.and enhanced butyrate producers,with a positive response at immunological and histological levels in some subjects,while in other subjects there were injuries and/or inflammatory markers.The initial imprinting of gut microbiota plays a drastic role,as some pro-inflammatory genera(Slackia and Sutterella)could delay GF effects,while others(e.g.Eisenbergiella)could favor it.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of hazelnut skin by-products supplementation on lamb myofibrillar proteome changes during post-mortem storage(0,4,and 7 days).Gel-based proteomics and bioinformatics approaches were ...This study investigated the effect of hazelnut skin by-products supplementation on lamb myofibrillar proteome changes during post-mortem storage(0,4,and 7 days).Gel-based proteomics and bioinformatics approaches were applied to reveal the underlying biochemical pathways and their importance in lamb meat texture development.Twenty-two Valle del Belice male lambs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments:control(C)for lambs fed with maize-barley diet,and hazelnut skin(H)for lambs fed hazelnut skin by-product as maize partial replacer in the concentrate diet(150 g/kg DM basis).A greater myofibrillar fragmentation index(MFI)was found in meat from the C group at day 0 of storage(91.33 vs 98.38 in H and C groups,respectively).Conversely,starting from 4 days of storage,higher MFI values were observed in meat from lambs fed hazelnut skin(113.74 and 116.1 vs 99.28 and 107.26 in H and C groups at 4 and 7 days,respectively).Myofibrillar proteome changes estimated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting revealed a degradation of desmin(P<0.01)and troponin T(P<0.001)intact proteins,and an increase in the abundance of the appearing 30 kDa fragment(P<0.001)after 4 days of storage in meat from H than the C group.In-depth proteomics and bioinformatics revealed 44 proteoforms(26 unique proteins),mainly involved in actin filament-based process/cytoskeleton organization,energy metabolism,and heat shock proteins,as the major interconnected pathways impacted by hazelnut by-product feeding strategy on lamb meat quality.Twelve proteins were proposed in this trial as po-tential biomarkers of lamb meat texture as a consequence of hazelnut skin by-products supplementation.展开更多
基金supported by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,Food Sovereignty and Forestry(MASAF),National program sub project Precision Forestry(AgriDigit program)(DM 36509.7305.2018 of 20/12/2018).
文摘Forest planning involves estimating the biomass of species present in the area.Two fundamental parameters are diameter and height through which it is possible to indirectly estimate of biomass present.Digitalisation of forestry operations,such as forest planning,is crucial and should be affordable and easy-to-use digital applications and open-source devices.A digital progressive web application(PWA)was designed to record measurements.The app was connected via bluetoot to an open-source IoT digital forestry caliper prototyped by modifying a commercial tree caliper.An economic analysis was carried out considering all costs necessary for the development and operation of the app on smartphones and the preparation of electronic means for creation of the digital caliper.A comparison was made between costs of detecting tree diameters through application of the technology developed compared to costs calculated by applying the use of a dendrometric caliper(three technological levels were considered:L1,L2 and L3).The PWA allowed for easy data entry and viewing,maps and tree densities.The open-source digital caliper showed accuracy and precision comparable with similar commercial devices(1.5%±0.9%and 0.0%±0.9%,respectively).Total time per operator was lower using the digital caliper.From an economic perspective,application of the digital technology was more sustainable than the traditional system.Use of the digital caliper in combination with the web application optimizes detection time of a single tree,and therefore decreases overall cost.
文摘Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic forces across different spatial scales.The present study investigates desertification risk,land degradation,and socio-demographic dynamics through the lens of“resilience,”adopting complex adaptive systems(CAS)thinking.The resilience of socio-environmental systems exposed to land degradation is defined as the capacity of a regional economy to respond to crises and reorganize by making changes to preserve functions,structure,and feedback,and to promote future development options.By reviewing the socioeconomic resilience of local socio-ecological systems exposed to land degradation,this study achieves a better comprehension of the multifaceted processes that lead to a higher risk of desertification and the intimate relationship with underlying population trends and demographic dynamics.A comprehensive approach based on resilience thinking was formulated to review both environmental and socio-demographic issues at the landscape scale,and provide a suitable foundation for sustainability science and regional development policies.
文摘The present study analyzes the structure and dynamics of the forest landscape in a peri-urban area （Rome, Italy） during the city＇s expansion from 1949 to 2008 using landscape metrics and change detection anal- ysis of digital maps of the area （1500 km2）. While urban settlements increased continuously from 6.5 to 27.5 % of the study area, woodlands changed less clearly, with a moderate increase （from 11.2 to 11.9 % of the total area） and a higher fragmentation as a consequence of Rome＇s expansion. The structure of forest landscape changed along the urban-to-rural gradient with patch size increasing with the distance to the inner city in 1949 and substantial landscape homogeneity in 2008. The indicators proposed in this study inform dedicated measures for conserving forest and maintaining landscape diversity. Measures adopted in Rome＇s forestation plan to counteract woodlandfragmentation were analyzed and discussed. Based on the complex landscape dynamics found for Rome, an inte- grated multiscale planning approach targeting forest con- servation is considered a key contribution to urban sustainability.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271396)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MD017)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project of Hebei Province(22326406D)The European Space Agency(ESA)and Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)Dragon(57457).
文摘Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global population.Accurately predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises,future trading prices,and policy planning.The use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality traits.Many studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing data.In this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are introduced.The literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail,and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms,commonly used methods,potential gaps,and future trends in crop quality prediction.This review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data.
文摘Snow damage on natural stands is an important problem concerning mountainous forest management.In the present research,the frequency and intensity of heavy snow damage on natural stands and the relationship of damages with characteristics of trees,stand and topography were studied in mountainous forests of northern Iran.A systematic sampling design was applied to the study area(140 ha),with 122 circular plots.The grid dimension was100 m and each plot area was 1000 m^2.The four types of snow damage to trees include:crown damage(8.6%),stem breakage(5.4%),uprooting(3.2%),and bending(1.4%).The frequency of crown damage grew with an increase inthe diameter at breast height(DBH),while the frequency of stem breakage,uprooting and bending decreased with an increase the DBH.The frequency of crown damage,stem breakage,and total damages was related to tree species(p<0.01).Not all tree species were equally susceptible to snow damage.The amount of damage grew with increasing elevation and slope angle and decreased with increasing soil depth.Young trees(DBH<25 cm)were more susceptible to snow damage than other trees.Snow damage decreased by as the trees in the stand became more mixed in age.The susceptibility of trees to snow damage increased by height and slenderness coefficient.With adequate silvicultural operation,snow damage can be reduced to a minimum level in these natural forests.
文摘In Italy,the hydro-geological protection of the Apennine territories is a well-known issue.For this reason,at the end of the 19th century,a new reforestation technique was proposed by the Inspector of Forest Service,Pietro Montanari to cope with difficult soil conditions of the mountain areas.This new approach was the first application of the so-called"gradoni"(small terraces)method of soil preparation.Each"gradone"was 100-120 cm wide and made with a slight counter slope(ca 10-15 degrees)to promote the accumulation of water and organic matter.Along each"gradone",bare root black pine seedlings(Pinus nigra Am.)were planted at a distance of 1 m from each other with a density of more than 3,000/ha.Nowadays,19,158 hectares of black pine forests are growing in the Apennine of the Abruzzi region,largely resulting from those reforestation projects realized since the beginning of the 20th century.A case study of Monte Plaia(42°00′12″N 13°53′39″E),that illustrates the situation after 70-110 years in consequence of lacking of silvicultural treatment and the application of aforest restoration method is presented.
文摘The aim of the research was to develop a catch-and-release trap for monitoring and controlling RPW （Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, red palm weevil）. The RPW insects were attracted through the use of an aggregation pheromone located into a dispenser inside the trap. The RPW adults entered through an entrance door into a sterilization room where they were sprayed with a solution containing the chemical sterilizer product ＂lufenuron＂. The adults were then forced to move into a contamination room where it was present a wet media containing spores and hyphae of Metarhizium anisopliae and spores and crystalline insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringensis. The sterilized and infected RPW adults were counted and released into the environment where they reached new palms and join natural populations of RPW. Preliminary experiments showed that the catch-and-release trap was able to reduce the fertility of RPW adults and to increase their mortality after contamination with entomopathogens. Moreover, the infected RPW adults were able to infect untreated RPW larvae leading to a larvae mortality of 93% within 30 days. In conclusion, the advanced catch-and-release trap represents a safe and effective tool to monitor and control the population of RPW pest without environmental pollution and risks for human health.
文摘We report for the first time the occurrence of heteroplasmy in Grey Partridge(Perdix perdix)revealed by means of two mitochondrial fragments.The possible serious biological and management implications of this exception to unilateral inheritance of mtDNA were underlined.
文摘This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the costs of different logging systems, in particular considering three different bunching-extraction methods. Moreover the stumpage value of each plot was calculated, and a comparison analysis of the results is presented. The work was carried out in Central Italy, in an aged Quercus cerris L. coppice in hill zones, with a 45% average slope. Short wood system harvesting was applied. Felling and processing were performed by chainsaw, while extraction with three different methods： plot No. 1 with mules, plot No. 2 with a tractor with winch, plot No. 3 with polyethylene chute line. Transport of firewood from the forest track to the landing was made by a tractor loaded as a mule. In the plot No. 1 the costs per unit mass （30.76 ∈·t33% ^-1） were higher despite having the lower cost per hour （39.99∈·th^- 1）. The reason was the lower productivity （1.3 t33%·h^-1）. The plot No. 2 had the highest cost per hour （66.79 ∈·h^-1）. However, productivity was the highest （2.7 t33%·h^- 1）. This aspect was notable from the financial point of view （24.74 ∈·t33%^-1）. Plot No. 3 was the less expensive （23.92 ∈·t33%^-1）. Comparing the three methods, a reduction of the costs through more appropriate extraction systems may increase the stumpage value from 8.3 to 9.65 ∈·t33%^- 1.
基金financially supported by grants from Italian M.I.U.R.-PRIN 2009Rothamsted Research receives funding from the BBSRC in the UK
文摘Characterization of the relationship between sulfur and iron in both Strategy I and Strategy II plants, has proven that low sulfur availability often limits plant capability to cope with iron shortage. Here it was investigated whether the adaptation to iron deficiency in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） plants was associated with an increased root sulfate uptake and translocation capacity, and modified dynamics of total sulfur and thiols accumulation between roots and shoots. Most of the tomato sulfate transporter genes belonging to Groups 1, 2, and 4 were significantly upregulated in iron-deficient roots, as it commonly occurs under S-deficient conditions. The upregulation of the two high affinity sulfate transporter genes, SlST1.1 and SlST1.2, by iron deprivation clearly suggests an increased root capability to take up sulfate. Furthermore, the upregulation of the two low affinity sulfate transporter genes SlST2.1 and SlST4.1 in iron-deficient roots, accompanied by a substantial accumulation of total sulfur and thiols in shoots of＆amp;nbsp;iron-starved plants, likely supports an increased root-to-shoot translocation of sulfate. Results suggest that tomato plants exposed to iron-deficiency are able to change sulfur metabolic balance mimicking sulfur starvation responses to meet the increased demand for methionine and its derivatives, al owing them to cope with this stress.
基金funded by the project PO FEAMP 2014/2020-Measure 1.26“Valorizzazione di specie ittiche affumicate mediante tecniche tradizionali e innovative”,Apulia region.(CUP N.B71B17000990009Project leader:UNCI-Agroalimentare).
文摘Liquid smoke is a natural product made up of smoke concentrate which is used to impart a smoky flavour without resorting to the traditional smoking technique:it is practical to use,cheap,easy to dose,able to control the presence of undesirable substances and,above all,with reduced environmental impact,unlike traditional smoking systems.On the other hand,it has a low preservation effect.Thus,the objective of this study was to design the production of an innovative fish product using liquid smoke in combination with natural compounds through three subsequent phases:1)economic concept evaluation to assess the acceptability of the proposed product through a qualitative and quantitative investigation;2)optimisation of the process(individuation of smoking liquid composition and process parameters)using modelling predictive tools,i.e.tertiary and secondary models;3)product realization and its evaluation in terms of microbiological profile,chemical-physical param-eters,and consumers’acceptability.Results show that sea bream and sea bass fillets could be sprayed using a solution composed by lemon extract(0.75%),acetic acid(0.5%),NaCl(2%),and liquid smoke(0.002%),packed under vacuum and stored at 4℃ for at least two weeks,during which spoilage bacteria maintained low cell loads.After 14 days,in fact,smoked fillets showed total viable count and psychrotrophs of about 5 log CFU/g,Pseudomonadaceae about 6 log CFU/g,while for Enterobacteriaceae cell loads of 2-3 log CFU/g were recorded.Other microbial groups were absent and pathogens were never detected.In addition,results from the consumer survey highlight that over 60%of the interviewed sample appeared inclined to accept innovation,with 50%of respondents also willing to pay a premium price of 20%,thus sug-gesting that the proposed eco-smoking technique could be adopted and help in ensuring a more sustainable food production.
文摘In higher plants, NO3 can induce its own uptake and the magnitude of this induction is positively related to the external anion concentration. This phenomenon has been characterized in both herbaceous and woody plants. Here,different adaptation strategies of roots from two maize（Zea mays L., ZmAGOs） inbred lines differing in nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） and exhibiting different timing of induction were discussed by investigating NO3 ‐induced changes in their transcriptome. Lo5 line（high NUE） showing the maximum rate of NO3 uptake 4 h after the provision of 200 mmol/L NO3 treatment modulated a higher number of transcripts relative to T250（low NUE） that peaked after 12 h. The two inbred lines share only 368 transcripts that are modulated by the treatment with NO3 and behaved differently when transcripts involved in anion uptake and assimilation were analyzed. T250 line responded to the NO3 induction modulating this group of Researchgenes as reported for several plant species. On the contrary,the Lo5 line did not exhibit during the induction changes in this set of genes. Obtained data suggest the importance of exploring the physiological and molecular variations among different maize genotypes in response to environmental clues like NO3 provision, in order to understand mechanisms underlying NUE.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program,under grant agreement No.732640support from the Italian Ministry of Health(Ricerca Corrente 2022-2024)to OP.
文摘Celiac Disease(CD)represents a clinical,nutritional,and social issue and the only way for a relief is a strict gluten free diet;apart from serological effects and histological injuries,it is well known that CD is always related to a strong dysbiosis of gut microbiota.In the literature there are several approaches to counteract CD,but they are generally based on the idea that gluten should be excluded.In this field,a novel approach is Gluten Friendly^(TM) technology(GF),a temperature-based treatment of wheat seeds able to make gluten less immunogenic.This narrative review addresses GF technology(multi-step treatment of wheat seeds at high temperatures for short time through microwave processing,alternated with water evaporation phase),along with some hypotheses occurring at chemical and structural levels,which are probable responsible of the reduced immunoreactivity.The second core topic is on the effect of GF flour and bread on pro-technological microorganisms and on gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo,with also a focus on the results of a first clinical trial.GF can exert a positive effect on Lactobacillus spp.and enhanced butyrate producers,with a positive response at immunological and histological levels in some subjects,while in other subjects there were injuries and/or inflammatory markers.The initial imprinting of gut microbiota plays a drastic role,as some pro-inflammatory genera(Slackia and Sutterella)could delay GF effects,while others(e.g.Eisenbergiella)could favor it.
文摘This study investigated the effect of hazelnut skin by-products supplementation on lamb myofibrillar proteome changes during post-mortem storage(0,4,and 7 days).Gel-based proteomics and bioinformatics approaches were applied to reveal the underlying biochemical pathways and their importance in lamb meat texture development.Twenty-two Valle del Belice male lambs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments:control(C)for lambs fed with maize-barley diet,and hazelnut skin(H)for lambs fed hazelnut skin by-product as maize partial replacer in the concentrate diet(150 g/kg DM basis).A greater myofibrillar fragmentation index(MFI)was found in meat from the C group at day 0 of storage(91.33 vs 98.38 in H and C groups,respectively).Conversely,starting from 4 days of storage,higher MFI values were observed in meat from lambs fed hazelnut skin(113.74 and 116.1 vs 99.28 and 107.26 in H and C groups at 4 and 7 days,respectively).Myofibrillar proteome changes estimated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting revealed a degradation of desmin(P<0.01)and troponin T(P<0.001)intact proteins,and an increase in the abundance of the appearing 30 kDa fragment(P<0.001)after 4 days of storage in meat from H than the C group.In-depth proteomics and bioinformatics revealed 44 proteoforms(26 unique proteins),mainly involved in actin filament-based process/cytoskeleton organization,energy metabolism,and heat shock proteins,as the major interconnected pathways impacted by hazelnut by-product feeding strategy on lamb meat quality.Twelve proteins were proposed in this trial as po-tential biomarkers of lamb meat texture as a consequence of hazelnut skin by-products supplementation.
