Background: According to the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of infertility is 17.5%. The male share of responsibility is undeniable. Several factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, obesity and envir...Background: According to the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of infertility is 17.5%. The male share of responsibility is undeniable. Several factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, obesity and environmental pollution are sources of infertility in men. The aim of this study was to determine the spermological profile of infertile men and the factors associated with sperm parameter abnormalities. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 1000 sperm samples over an 11-year period, from January 2010 to December 2021. Results: The average age was 37.52 ± 8.66 years. Surgical history of varicocele and teratozoospermia were associated (p-value = 0.0001). Candida albicans was associated with a 2.27-fold risk of necrozoospermia and a 3.14-fold risk of oligozoospermia. The link between the reason for requesting a spermogram and the age range between 38 and 47 was significant (p-value Conclusion: Today, lifestyle and environmental pollution play a major role in sperm parameter abnormalities.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a serious fungal disease that affect small grain cereals,causing significant wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield and quality losses globally.Breeding disease-resistant wheat varieties is key t...Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a serious fungal disease that affect small grain cereals,causing significant wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield and quality losses globally.Breeding disease-resistant wheat varieties is key to address FHB-related challenges,but its progress is delayed by traditional methods due to the small-scale,laborious and relatively subjective nature of manual assessment.This study presents a new approach that combines ultralow-altitude drone phenotyping with an optimized You Only Look Once(YOLO)model to examine FHB in wheat,enabling us to perform large-scale and automated symptomatic analysis of this disease.We first established an Open FHB(OFHB)training dataset,consisting of 4867 diseased and 106,801 healthy spikes collected from 132 commercial breeding lines during FHB progression.Then,a deep learning model called YOLOv8-WFD was trained for detecting healthy and diseased spikes,followed by an adaptive Excess Green method to identify symptomatic regions and thus FHBrelated traits on spikes.To study resistance levels,we employed an unsupervised SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method to pinpoint key traits between 10 and 20 d after inoculation(DAIs),resulting in the classification of 423 varieties trialed during the 2023–2024 growing seasons into four resistance levels(i.e.,highly and moderately susceptible,and moderately and highly resistant),which were highly correlated with field specialists’evaluations.Finally,we derived disease developmental curves based on measures of key traits during 10–20 DAI,quantifying varietal disease progression patterns over time.To our knowledge,this work represents a significant advancement in large-scale disease phenotyping and automated analysis of FHB in wheat,providing a valuable toolkit for breeders and plant researchers to assess resistance levels,select disease-resistant varieties,and understand dynamics of the fungal disease.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the impact of a group embryo culture approach for women of advanced age.Methods:In this prospective study,two embryo culturing strategies—group and individual—were compared in women who were ol...Objective:To evaluate the impact of a group embryo culture approach for women of advanced age.Methods:In this prospective study,two embryo culturing strategies—group and individual—were compared in women who were older(≥35 years)and younger(<35 years).Data was collected from 450 embryos over 291 intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles performed on 291 patients.A grouped embryo culture group and an individual embryo culture group were generated by selecting the zygotes into two groups based on the type of culture that was used.The main outcomes compared between the groups were the pregnancy and the live birth rates.Results:The pregnancy,and live births rates were significantly higher when group culture was carried out in an advanced-aged women group(41.5%vs.25.0%,P=0.04;14.3%vs.6.6%,P=0.04;respectively).Similarly,the cleavage rate was better in the same group(98.6%vs.91.2%,P=0.001).However,in the group of young women,there were not significant differences in these rates.Conclusions:Group embryo culturing seems to be a promising strategy to improve embryo development and live births for patients over 35 years of age.展开更多
Purpose: A proportion of cases with repeated abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormality in one of the parents. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and nature of chromosomal aberrations that contr...Purpose: A proportion of cases with repeated abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormality in one of the parents. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and nature of chromosomal aberrations that contribute to the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages. Several studies have been done to determine the role of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion in various countries. None of these studies was done in Morocco. Material and Methods: Cytogenetic study was done for 238 Moroccan couples who presented with repeated abortion at the Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco. Results: We found that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was not significantly different from that reported worldwide. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 13 (6.1%) of 238 couples. twelve of chromosomal abnormalities were structural and one of them were numerical. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of constitutional cytogenetic exploration of couples with a history of repeated spontaneous abortion. Cytogenetic findings could provide valuable information for genetic counseling and allow monitoring of future pregnancies by prenatal diagnosis in couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage.展开更多
Background: Cytogenetics is one of the most important diagnostic parameters in the classification of acute leukemia. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia have provided insights into the molecular mechan...Background: Cytogenetics is one of the most important diagnostic parameters in the classification of acute leukemia. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia have provided insights into the molecular mechanism of leukemogenesis. The variable frequencies of recurrent cytogenetic markers due to ethical/racial differences have been reported from Western and some Asian countries. Objective: We report cytogenetic data of largest cohort of 7209 adult and pediatric patients with de novo acute leukemia (AL) to determine the prevalence of various cytogenetic sub groups and compare with the Western and Asian population. Material & Methods: The AL patients included 2609 AML (adult: 2042, pediatric: 567), 3708 B-cell-precursor (BCP)-ALL (adult: 1300, pediatric: 2408) and 892 cases of T-ALL (adult: 480, pediatric: 412). Cytogenetic studies included conventional karyotyping and FISH using panel of probes. Results: The incidence of t(8;21) was high, comparable to other Asian countries. In comparison to our series and Western population, t(15;17) was more prevalent in Chinese population. Cytogenetic profiling of BCP-ALL revealed low prevalence of ETV6/RUNX1 in ours as well as other Asian population. The MLL aberrations in BCP-ALL and TLX1 & TLX3 aberrations in T-ALL occurred less frequently in our series as compared with Western population. Conclusion: The present study with a large cohort showed the heterogeneity of AL that involved various factors, such as age, gender and prevalence of distinct cytogenetic subgroups. Our data in comparison with other population based studies revealed differential distribution of some cytogenetic sub-groups indicating geographic heterogeneity due to differential environmental exposure which probably influenced underlying genetic susceptibility.展开更多
Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf sen...Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf senescence by conducting pod removal and seed injury experiments.Pod removal and seed injury delayed leaf senescence and caused the staygreen phenotype of leaves.There were dosage effects of pod number on the extent of staygreen in depodded plants.The concentrations of chlorophyll(SPAD value,an index of relative chlorophyll content),soluble protein,and soluble sugar in the leaves of depodded plants were higher than those of intact plants.During seed development,the content of IAA decreased,while that of ABA increased.This trend was more pronounced in intact than in depodded and seed-injured plants.The GA3/ABA ratio decreased gradually in all treatments.The content of GA3 was relatively stable and was higher in intact than in depodded plants.The expression levels of four senescence-related genes,Gm SARK,Gm SGR1,Gm CYN1,and Gm NAC,declined in depodded or seed-injured treatments and were positively correlated with the number of leaves retained on plants.Gm FT2 a,the major flowering-promoting gene,was expressed at a higher level while E1,a key flowering inhibitory gene,was expressed at a lower level in depodded than in intact plants.We propose that the pod or seed can regulate leaf development.When the seed is aborted owing to disease infection or pest attack,the leaves stay green because of the absence of the seed signals for senescence.展开更多
Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer,one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Epigenetics refers to the number of modifications of the chromat...Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer,one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Epigenetics refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA,and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene.Over the years,the study of epigenetic processes has increased,and novel therapeutic approaches that target DNA methylation and histone modifications have emerged.A greater understanding of epigenetics and the therapeutic potential of manipulating these processes is necessary for gastric cancer treatment.Here,we review recent research on the effects of aberrant DNA and histone methylation on the onset and progression of gastric tumors and the development of compounds that target enzymes that regulate the epigenome.展开更多
EST-PCR based molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes are not only useful for the detection of the introgressed alien chromatin in the wheat background, but also provide evidence of the syntenic relationship ...EST-PCR based molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes are not only useful for the detection of the introgressed alien chromatin in the wheat background, but also provide evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers on chromosome 4V of Haynaldia villosa, a total of 607 primer pairs were designed according to the EST sequences, which were previously located in 23 different bins of wheat chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D. By using the Triticum durum-H, villosa amphiploid and T. aestivum-H, villosa alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 4V, it was found that 9.23% of the tested primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 4V. Thirty and twenty-six specific markers could be assigned to chromosome arms 4VS and 4VL, respectively. These 4V specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 4V as well as for the selection of useful genes located on chromosome 4V in breeding programs.展开更多
The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors（SBBRs）（denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2） ...The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors（SBBRs）（denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2） at different nitrogen loading rates（NLRs） varying from（0.24 ± 0.01） to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline（TPU） carriers and another（SBBR2） filled with polyurethane foam（PU） carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of（0.24 ± 0.01） g N/（L·day）, the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance（EPS） and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）, the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia（FA） under extreme condition NLR（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.展开更多
Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a nove...Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS）. NM9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller number, and elongated spike and grain length. The reduced plant height in NM9 was attributable to a semi-dominant dwarfing gene Rht__NM9, which was flanked by two closely linked SNP markers, SNP34 and SNP41, covering an 8.86-Mb region on the chromosome arm 2AS. The results of gibberellic acid （GA） sensitivity evaluation, comparative genomics analysis and allelism test indicated that RhtNM9 was neither allelic to Rht7 and Rht21 nor homoe- oallelic to Rht8, so Rht_NM9 was proposed to be a new dwarfing locus on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of wheat. Rht_NM9 has a negative effect on plant height and positive effects on effective tiller number and grain size, thus, Rht_NM9 could be used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant architecture and grain development.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively grown leguminous forage worldwide.Environmental saline-alkali stress significantly influences the growth,development,and yield of alfalfa,posing a threat to i...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively grown leguminous forage worldwide.Environmental saline-alkali stress significantly influences the growth,development,and yield of alfalfa,posing a threat to its agricultural production.However,little is known about the potential mechanisms by which alfalfa responds to saline-alkali stress.Here,we investigated these mechanisms by cloning a saline-alkali-induced flavonol synthase gene(Ms FLS13) from alfalfa,which was previously reported to be significantly upregulated under saline-alkali stress,and examining its function in the saline-alkali response.Overexpression of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa promoted plant tolerance to saline-alkali stress by enhancing flavonol accumulation,antioxidant capacity,osmotic balance,and photosynthetic efficiency.Conversely,Ms FLS13 inhibition using RNA interference reduced flavonol synthase activity and inhibited hairy root growth under saline-alkali stress.Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that the R2R3-MYB Ms MYB12 transcription factor activates Ms FLS13 expression by binding to the MBS motif in the Ms FLS13 promoter.Further analysis revealed that abscisic acid mediates the salinealkali stress response partially by inducing Ms MYB12 and Ms FLS13 expression,which consequently increases flavonol levels and maintains antioxidant homeostasis in alfalfa.Collectively,our findings highlight the crucial role of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa in response to saline-alkali stress and provide a novel genetic resource for creating saline-alkali-resistant alfalfa through genetic engineering.展开更多
In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, ...In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. Pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring＇. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-H, villosa chromosome translocations in the M1 generation. Transmission of the identified translocation chromosomes was analyzed in the BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations. The results indicated that all three irradiation doses were highly efficient for inducing wheat-alien translocations without affecting the viability of the M1 seeds. Within the range of 800-1,600 rad, both the efficiency of translocation induction and the frequency of interstitial chromosome breakage-fusion increased as the irradiation dosage increased. A higher translocation induction frequency was observed using pollen collected from the spikes 1 day after irradiation over that of 2 or 3 days after irradiation. More than 70% of the translocations detected in the M1 generation were transmitted to the BC1 through the female gametes. All translocations recovered in the BC1 generation were recovered in the following BC2, and BC3 generations. The transmission ability of different translocation types in different genetic backgrounds showed an order of ‘whole-arm translocation 〉 small alien segment translocation 〉 large alien segment translocation＇, through either male or female gametes, In general, the transmission ability through the female gametes was higher than that through the male gametes. By this approach, 14 translocation lines that involved different H. villosa chromosomes have been identified in the BC3 using EST-STS markers, and eight of them were homozygous.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Homeopathic nosodes have seldom been scientifically validated for their anticancer effects. This study was conducted to examine if a recently developed hepatitis C nosode has demonstrable anticancer potent...OBJECTIVE： Homeopathic nosodes have seldom been scientifically validated for their anticancer effects. This study was conducted to examine if a recently developed hepatitis C nosode has demonstrable anticancer potential in cancer cells in vitro.METHODS： Anticancer effects of Hepatitis C 30C（Hep C 30）, if any, were initially tested on three cancer cell lines, HepG2（liver cancer）, MCF-7（breast cancer） and A549（lung cancer） and one normal liver cell line WRL-68 cells and subsequently a more thorough study using further scientific protocols was undertaken on HepG2 cells（against WRL-68 cells as the normal control） as HepG2 cells showed better anticancer response than the other two. Three doses, one at 50% lethal dose（LD50） and the other two below LD50, were used on HepG2 cells subsequently. Protocols like apoptosis induction and its possible signaling mechanism were deployed using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, with particular reference to telomerase and topoisomerase Ⅱ（Top Ⅱ） activities, two strong cancer biomarkers for their direct relationship with divisional activities of cells and DNAs. RESULTS： Hep C 30 induced apoptosis, caused distorted cell morphology typical of apoptotic cells, increased reactive oxygen species generation and produced increased DNA nicks. Further it enhanced pro-apototic signal proteins like Bax, cytochrome c and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins, Bcl-2, cytochrome c and caspase-3, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidylserine. The drug also decreased expression of two cancer biomarkers, Top Ⅱ and telomerase, consistent with its anticancer effect. CONCLUSION： Hep C 30 has demonstrable anticancer effects against liver cancer cells in vitro.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Preventive measures against skin melanoma like chemotherapy are useful but suffer from chronic side effects and drug resistance. Ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra （PD）, used in homeopathy for the ...OBJECTIVE： Preventive measures against skin melanoma like chemotherapy are useful but suffer from chronic side effects and drug resistance. Ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra （PD）, used in homeopathy for the treatment of various ailments like chronic rheumatism, regular conjunctivitis, psoriasis, and in some skin diseases was tested for its possible anticancer potential. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on both normal （peripheral blood mononuclear cells） and A375 cells. Fluorescence microscopic study of 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained cells was conducted for DNA fragmentation assay, and changes in cellular morphology, if any, were also recorded. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, if any, and expression study of apoptotic genes also were evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. RESULTS： Results showed that PD administration caused a remarkable reduction in proliferation of A375 cells, without showing much cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Generation of ROS and DNA damage, which made the cancer cells prone to apoptosis, were found to be enhanced in PD-treated cells. These results were duly supported by the analytical data on expression of different cellular and nuclear proteins, as for example, by down- regulation of Akt and Bcl-2, up-regulation of p53, Bax and caspase 3, and an increase in number of cell deaths by apoptosis in A375 cells. CONCLUSION： Overall results demonstrate anticancer potentials of PD on A375 cells through activation of caspase-mediated signaling and ROS generation.展开更多
In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and s...In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morpho- logical observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. Alien addition lines with two H. californicum chromo- somes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. STS-PCR analysis using chromosome 2B specific markers indi- cated that chromosome H3 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 2, and was thus designated 2H. SDS-PAGE showed that chromosome H2 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 5, and was designated 5H. The CS-H. californicum amphiploid and the chromosome addition lines （DA2H and MA5H） identified were evaluated for powdery mildew （Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticii） resis- tance in field. The preliminary results indicated that the amphiploid showed higher powdery mildew resistance than CS. However, chro- mosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that major powdery mildew resistant genes of H. californicum should be located on chromosomes other than 2H and 5H.展开更多
目的:东莨菪亭(7-羟基-6甲氧基香豆素,化学式C10H8O4,简称HMC)是从常绿钩吻(Gelsemium sem pervirens)中提取的一种天然香豆素类化合物,被认为具有抗癌活性。本研究将HMC制成聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物(polylactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)纳...目的:东莨菪亭(7-羟基-6甲氧基香豆素,化学式C10H8O4,简称HMC)是从常绿钩吻(Gelsemium sem pervirens)中提取的一种天然香豆素类化合物,被认为具有抗癌活性。本研究将HMC制成聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物(polylactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)纳米颗粒胶囊,通过多项指标观察其与非纳米HMC相比,在被细胞摄取、生物利用度及对细胞凋亡的影响(抗癌活性)等方面是否有所提高。方法:人黑色素瘤A375细胞用来检测HMC及纳米HMC颗粒(nano-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin,NHMC)的被细胞摄取率及抗癌活性;通过动态光散射确定NHMC的颗粒大小、多分散性指数及电动电位;扫描电子显微镜及原子力显微镜检测纳米颗粒的表面形态。结果:HMC制成纳米颗粒胶囊的包封率超过85%。NHMC颗粒的平均直径小于110nm,其多分散性系数为0.237,提高了其被细胞摄取率及生物活性。NHMC被细胞摄取的时间(15min)明显少于非纳米HMC(30min)。测定细胞内某些信号分子mRNA的表达,表明NHMC作用细胞后能够下调细胞周期素D1(cyclin-D1)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、存活素(survivin)及信号转导和转录活化因子3(Stat-3)的表达并上调p53及半胱天冬酶3(caspase-3)的表达。与非纳米HMC相比,NHMC能够更快地被细胞摄取并引起更多的肿瘤细胞凋亡。NHMC对正常皮肤细胞无明显细胞毒性。结论:使用生物可降解材料PLGA制成的小分子纳米颗粒NHMC能够更快速地被细胞摄取并引起更多的肿瘤细胞凋亡,而对正常皮肤细胞无明显细胞毒性。提取天然药用植物中的有效成分制成纳米颗粒胶囊有望成为更好地发挥其药效的途径。展开更多
Haynaldia villosa （L.） Schur （syn. Dasypyrurn villosum （L.） Can- dargy） （2n - 14, genome VV）, a wild relative of wheat, is an impor- tant gene pool for improving wheat quality and disease resistance. Several g...Haynaldia villosa （L.） Schur （syn. Dasypyrurn villosum （L.） Can- dargy） （2n - 14, genome VV）, a wild relative of wheat, is an impor- tant gene pool for improving wheat quality and disease resistance. Several genes found in H. villosa have been transferred into wheat to improve wheat resistance by the development of alien transloca- tion lines. The seed storage protein loci on chromosome 1V contribute to grain quality （Zhang et al., 2014）.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To test if myricanone （02H2405）, a cyclic diarylheptanoid, has anticancer effects on two different cancer cell lines HeLa and PC3. The present study was conducted with a note on the drug-DNA interaction ...OBJECTIVE： To test if myricanone （02H2405）, a cyclic diarylheptanoid, has anticancer effects on two different cancer cell lines HeLa and PC3. The present study was conducted with a note on the drug-DNA interaction and apoptotic signalling pathway. METHODS： Several studies like cytotoxicity, nuclear damage, annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）/propidium iodide （PI）-Iabelled apoptotic assay and cell cycle arrest, immunoblot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） were used following standard protocols. Circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopy was also done to evaluate whether myricanone effectively interacted with DNA to bring about conformational changes that could strongly inhibit the cancer cell proliferation. RESULTS： Myricanone showed a greater cytotoxic effect on PC3 cells than on HeLa cells. Myricanone promoted G0/G arrest in HeLa cells and S phase arrest in PC3 cells. Nuclear condensation and annexin V-FITC/PI studies revealed that myricanone promoted apoptotic cell death. CD spectroscopic data indicated that myricanone had an interaction with calf thymus DNA that changed DNA structural conformation. RT-PCR and immunoblot studies revealed that myricanone activated the apoptotic signalling cascades through down-regulation of transcription factors like nuclear factor-KB （NF-KB） （p65）, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 （STAT3）; cell cycle regulators like cyclin D1, and survivin and other signal proteins like Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3. CONCLUSION： Myricanone induced apoptosis in both types of cancer cells by triggering caspase activation, and suppression of cell proliferation by down-regulation of NF-KB and STAT3 signalling cascades, which makes it a suitable candidate for possible use in the formulation of therapeutic alent for combatin cancer.展开更多
AIM: To examine the effects of pancreatic rest, stimulation and rest/stimulation on the natural course of recovery after acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis(AP) was induced in male rats by intr...AIM: To examine the effects of pancreatic rest, stimulation and rest/stimulation on the natural course of recovery after acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis(AP) was induced in male rats by intraductal infusion of 40 μl/100 g body weight of 3% sodium taurocholate. All rats took food ad libitum. At 24 h after induction of AP, rats were divided into four groups: control(AP-C), pancreas rest(AP-R), stimulation(AP-S), and rest/stimulation(AP-R/S). Rats in the AP-C, AP-R and AP-S groups received oral administration of 2 ml/kg body weight saline, cholecystokinin(CCK)-1 receptor antagonist, and endogenous CCK release stimulant, respectively, twice daily for 10 d, while those in the AP-R/S group received twice daily CCK-1 receptor antagonist for the first 5 d followed by twice daily CCK release stimulant for 5 d. Rats without any treatment were used as control group(Control). Biochemical andhistological changes in the pancreas, and secretory function were evaluated on day 12 at 24 h after the last treatment. RESULTS: Feeding ad libitum(AP-C) delayed biochemical, histological and functional recovery from AP. In AP-C rats, bombesin-stimulated pancreatic secretory function and HOMA-β-cell score were significantly lower than those in other groups of rats. In AP-R rats, protein per DNA ratio and pancreatic exocrine secretory function were significantly low compared with those in Control rats. In AP-S and AP-R/S rats, the above parameters recovered to the Control levels. Bombesinstimulated pancreatic exocrine response in AP-R/S rats was higher than in AP-S rats and almost returned to control levels. In the pancreas of AP-C rats, destruction of pancreatic acini, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, and strong expression of α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were seen. Pancreatic rest reversed these histological alterations, but not atrophy of pancreatic acini and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. In AP-S and AP-R/S rats, the pancreas showed almost normal architecture. CONCLUSION: The favorable treatment strategy for AP is to keep the pancreas at rest during an early stage followed by pancreatic stimulation by promoting endogenous CCK release.展开更多
文摘Background: According to the World Health Organization, the worldwide prevalence of infertility is 17.5%. The male share of responsibility is undeniable. Several factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, obesity and environmental pollution are sources of infertility in men. The aim of this study was to determine the spermological profile of infertile men and the factors associated with sperm parameter abnormalities. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 1000 sperm samples over an 11-year period, from January 2010 to December 2021. Results: The average age was 37.52 ± 8.66 years. Surgical history of varicocele and teratozoospermia were associated (p-value = 0.0001). Candida albicans was associated with a 2.27-fold risk of necrozoospermia and a 3.14-fold risk of oligozoospermia. The link between the reason for requesting a spermogram and the age range between 38 and 47 was significant (p-value Conclusion: Today, lifestyle and environmental pollution play a major role in sperm parameter abnormalities.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04025 to Xiu’e Wang)the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS(2021)006 to Xiu’e Wang)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070400 to Ji Zhou)Ji Zhou,Robert Jackson,and Greg Deakin were partially supported by the Allan&Gill Gray Foundation’Sustainable Productivity for Crop Improvement(G118688 to the University of Cambridge and Q-20-0370 to NIAB)Ji Zhou was supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation’s(UKRI)Biotechnology and Bio logical Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)AI in Bioscience Grant(BB/Y513969/1 to Ji Zhou)The UK-China research activities were supported by the BBSRC’s International Partnership Grant(BB/Y514081/1 to NIAB)
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a serious fungal disease that affect small grain cereals,causing significant wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield and quality losses globally.Breeding disease-resistant wheat varieties is key to address FHB-related challenges,but its progress is delayed by traditional methods due to the small-scale,laborious and relatively subjective nature of manual assessment.This study presents a new approach that combines ultralow-altitude drone phenotyping with an optimized You Only Look Once(YOLO)model to examine FHB in wheat,enabling us to perform large-scale and automated symptomatic analysis of this disease.We first established an Open FHB(OFHB)training dataset,consisting of 4867 diseased and 106,801 healthy spikes collected from 132 commercial breeding lines during FHB progression.Then,a deep learning model called YOLOv8-WFD was trained for detecting healthy and diseased spikes,followed by an adaptive Excess Green method to identify symptomatic regions and thus FHBrelated traits on spikes.To study resistance levels,we employed an unsupervised SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method to pinpoint key traits between 10 and 20 d after inoculation(DAIs),resulting in the classification of 423 varieties trialed during the 2023–2024 growing seasons into four resistance levels(i.e.,highly and moderately susceptible,and moderately and highly resistant),which were highly correlated with field specialists’evaluations.Finally,we derived disease developmental curves based on measures of key traits during 10–20 DAI,quantifying varietal disease progression patterns over time.To our knowledge,this work represents a significant advancement in large-scale disease phenotyping and automated analysis of FHB in wheat,providing a valuable toolkit for breeders and plant researchers to assess resistance levels,select disease-resistant varieties,and understand dynamics of the fungal disease.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the impact of a group embryo culture approach for women of advanced age.Methods:In this prospective study,two embryo culturing strategies—group and individual—were compared in women who were older(≥35 years)and younger(<35 years).Data was collected from 450 embryos over 291 intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles performed on 291 patients.A grouped embryo culture group and an individual embryo culture group were generated by selecting the zygotes into two groups based on the type of culture that was used.The main outcomes compared between the groups were the pregnancy and the live birth rates.Results:The pregnancy,and live births rates were significantly higher when group culture was carried out in an advanced-aged women group(41.5%vs.25.0%,P=0.04;14.3%vs.6.6%,P=0.04;respectively).Similarly,the cleavage rate was better in the same group(98.6%vs.91.2%,P=0.001).However,in the group of young women,there were not significant differences in these rates.Conclusions:Group embryo culturing seems to be a promising strategy to improve embryo development and live births for patients over 35 years of age.
文摘Purpose: A proportion of cases with repeated abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormality in one of the parents. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and nature of chromosomal aberrations that contribute to the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages. Several studies have been done to determine the role of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion in various countries. None of these studies was done in Morocco. Material and Methods: Cytogenetic study was done for 238 Moroccan couples who presented with repeated abortion at the Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco. Results: We found that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was not significantly different from that reported worldwide. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 13 (6.1%) of 238 couples. twelve of chromosomal abnormalities were structural and one of them were numerical. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of constitutional cytogenetic exploration of couples with a history of repeated spontaneous abortion. Cytogenetic findings could provide valuable information for genetic counseling and allow monitoring of future pregnancies by prenatal diagnosis in couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage.
文摘Background: Cytogenetics is one of the most important diagnostic parameters in the classification of acute leukemia. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia have provided insights into the molecular mechanism of leukemogenesis. The variable frequencies of recurrent cytogenetic markers due to ethical/racial differences have been reported from Western and some Asian countries. Objective: We report cytogenetic data of largest cohort of 7209 adult and pediatric patients with de novo acute leukemia (AL) to determine the prevalence of various cytogenetic sub groups and compare with the Western and Asian population. Material & Methods: The AL patients included 2609 AML (adult: 2042, pediatric: 567), 3708 B-cell-precursor (BCP)-ALL (adult: 1300, pediatric: 2408) and 892 cases of T-ALL (adult: 480, pediatric: 412). Cytogenetic studies included conventional karyotyping and FISH using panel of probes. Results: The incidence of t(8;21) was high, comparable to other Asian countries. In comparison to our series and Western population, t(15;17) was more prevalent in Chinese population. Cytogenetic profiling of BCP-ALL revealed low prevalence of ETV6/RUNX1 in ours as well as other Asian population. The MLL aberrations in BCP-ALL and TLX1 & TLX3 aberrations in T-ALL occurred less frequently in our series as compared with Western population. Conclusion: The present study with a large cohort showed the heterogeneity of AL that involved various factors, such as age, gender and prevalence of distinct cytogenetic subgroups. Our data in comparison with other population based studies revealed differential distribution of some cytogenetic sub-groups indicating geographic heterogeneity due to differential environmental exposure which probably influenced underlying genetic susceptibility.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (No.CARS-04)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program to T.F.Hanthe National Major Project for Breeding of Transgenic Crops (No.2016ZX08004002) to C.H.Guo
文摘Leaves provide substances and signals for pod and seed development in soybean.However,the regulatory feedbacks of pod and seed to leaf development remain unclear.We investigated the effects of pod and seed on leaf senescence by conducting pod removal and seed injury experiments.Pod removal and seed injury delayed leaf senescence and caused the staygreen phenotype of leaves.There were dosage effects of pod number on the extent of staygreen in depodded plants.The concentrations of chlorophyll(SPAD value,an index of relative chlorophyll content),soluble protein,and soluble sugar in the leaves of depodded plants were higher than those of intact plants.During seed development,the content of IAA decreased,while that of ABA increased.This trend was more pronounced in intact than in depodded and seed-injured plants.The GA3/ABA ratio decreased gradually in all treatments.The content of GA3 was relatively stable and was higher in intact than in depodded plants.The expression levels of four senescence-related genes,Gm SARK,Gm SGR1,Gm CYN1,and Gm NAC,declined in depodded or seed-injured treatments and were positively correlated with the number of leaves retained on plants.Gm FT2 a,the major flowering-promoting gene,was expressed at a higher level while E1,a key flowering inhibitory gene,was expressed at a lower level in depodded than in intact plants.We propose that the pod or seed can regulate leaf development.When the seed is aborted owing to disease infection or pest attack,the leaves stay green because of the absence of the seed signals for senescence.
基金Supported by Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP),No. 2009/07145-9 and 2010/11174-1National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq)Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES)
文摘Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer,one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.Epigenetics refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA,and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene.Over the years,the study of epigenetic processes has increased,and novel therapeutic approaches that target DNA methylation and histone modifications have emerged.A greater understanding of epigenetics and the therapeutic potential of manipulating these processes is necessary for gastric cancer treatment.Here,we review recent research on the effects of aberrant DNA and histone methylation on the onset and progression of gastric tumors and the development of compounds that target enzymes that regulate the epigenome.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R & D Program of China(2011AA10010103,2011AA10010201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201204)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (BK2010448)the Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province,Chian (BE2012306)
文摘EST-PCR based molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes are not only useful for the detection of the introgressed alien chromatin in the wheat background, but also provide evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers on chromosome 4V of Haynaldia villosa, a total of 607 primer pairs were designed according to the EST sequences, which were previously located in 23 different bins of wheat chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D. By using the Triticum durum-H, villosa amphiploid and T. aestivum-H, villosa alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 4V, it was found that 9.23% of the tested primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 4V. Thirty and twenty-six specific markers could be assigned to chromosome arms 4VS and 4VL, respectively. These 4V specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 4V as well as for the selection of useful genes located on chromosome 4V in breeding programs.
基金supported by the Project of Nature Scientific Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. C2017037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31501839)
文摘The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors（SBBRs）（denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2） at different nitrogen loading rates（NLRs） varying from（0.24 ± 0.01） to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline（TPU） carriers and another（SBBR2） filled with polyurethane foam（PU） carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of（0.24 ± 0.01） g N/（L·day）, the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance（EPS） and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）, the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia（FA） under extreme condition NLR（1.26 ± 0.02） g N/（L·day）. The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.
基金supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-10-0496)the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Central Universities(Grant Nos.KYZ201102 and KYZ201401)+1 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)
文摘Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS）. NM9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller number, and elongated spike and grain length. The reduced plant height in NM9 was attributable to a semi-dominant dwarfing gene Rht__NM9, which was flanked by two closely linked SNP markers, SNP34 and SNP41, covering an 8.86-Mb region on the chromosome arm 2AS. The results of gibberellic acid （GA） sensitivity evaluation, comparative genomics analysis and allelism test indicated that RhtNM9 was neither allelic to Rht7 and Rht21 nor homoe- oallelic to Rht8, so Rht_NM9 was proposed to be a new dwarfing locus on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of wheat. Rht_NM9 has a negative effect on plant height and positive effects on effective tiller number and grain size, thus, Rht_NM9 could be used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant architecture and grain development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20182, 31972507)the Science and Technology Major Project of Heilongjiang Province (2021ZXJ03B05)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Harbin Normal University (HSDBSCX2021-106)。
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively grown leguminous forage worldwide.Environmental saline-alkali stress significantly influences the growth,development,and yield of alfalfa,posing a threat to its agricultural production.However,little is known about the potential mechanisms by which alfalfa responds to saline-alkali stress.Here,we investigated these mechanisms by cloning a saline-alkali-induced flavonol synthase gene(Ms FLS13) from alfalfa,which was previously reported to be significantly upregulated under saline-alkali stress,and examining its function in the saline-alkali response.Overexpression of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa promoted plant tolerance to saline-alkali stress by enhancing flavonol accumulation,antioxidant capacity,osmotic balance,and photosynthetic efficiency.Conversely,Ms FLS13 inhibition using RNA interference reduced flavonol synthase activity and inhibited hairy root growth under saline-alkali stress.Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that the R2R3-MYB Ms MYB12 transcription factor activates Ms FLS13 expression by binding to the MBS motif in the Ms FLS13 promoter.Further analysis revealed that abscisic acid mediates the salinealkali stress response partially by inducing Ms MYB12 and Ms FLS13 expression,which consequently increases flavonol levels and maintains antioxidant homeostasis in alfalfa.Collectively,our findings highlight the crucial role of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa in response to saline-alkali stress and provide a novel genetic resource for creating saline-alkali-resistant alfalfa through genetic engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30270827 and 30871519)the High Tech Program of China (No.2006AA100101,2006AA10Z1F6)the Ministry of Educate 111 Project (B08025)
文摘In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. Pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring＇. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-H, villosa chromosome translocations in the M1 generation. Transmission of the identified translocation chromosomes was analyzed in the BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations. The results indicated that all three irradiation doses were highly efficient for inducing wheat-alien translocations without affecting the viability of the M1 seeds. Within the range of 800-1,600 rad, both the efficiency of translocation induction and the frequency of interstitial chromosome breakage-fusion increased as the irradiation dosage increased. A higher translocation induction frequency was observed using pollen collected from the spikes 1 day after irradiation over that of 2 or 3 days after irradiation. More than 70% of the translocations detected in the M1 generation were transmitted to the BC1 through the female gametes. All translocations recovered in the BC1 generation were recovered in the following BC2, and BC3 generations. The transmission ability of different translocation types in different genetic backgrounds showed an order of ‘whole-arm translocation 〉 small alien segment translocation 〉 large alien segment translocation＇, through either male or female gametes, In general, the transmission ability through the female gametes was higher than that through the male gametes. By this approach, 14 translocation lines that involved different H. villosa chromosomes have been identified in the BC3 using EST-STS markers, and eight of them were homozygous.
文摘OBJECTIVE： Homeopathic nosodes have seldom been scientifically validated for their anticancer effects. This study was conducted to examine if a recently developed hepatitis C nosode has demonstrable anticancer potential in cancer cells in vitro.METHODS： Anticancer effects of Hepatitis C 30C（Hep C 30）, if any, were initially tested on three cancer cell lines, HepG2（liver cancer）, MCF-7（breast cancer） and A549（lung cancer） and one normal liver cell line WRL-68 cells and subsequently a more thorough study using further scientific protocols was undertaken on HepG2 cells（against WRL-68 cells as the normal control） as HepG2 cells showed better anticancer response than the other two. Three doses, one at 50% lethal dose（LD50） and the other two below LD50, were used on HepG2 cells subsequently. Protocols like apoptosis induction and its possible signaling mechanism were deployed using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, with particular reference to telomerase and topoisomerase Ⅱ（Top Ⅱ） activities, two strong cancer biomarkers for their direct relationship with divisional activities of cells and DNAs. RESULTS： Hep C 30 induced apoptosis, caused distorted cell morphology typical of apoptotic cells, increased reactive oxygen species generation and produced increased DNA nicks. Further it enhanced pro-apototic signal proteins like Bax, cytochrome c and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins, Bcl-2, cytochrome c and caspase-3, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidylserine. The drug also decreased expression of two cancer biomarkers, Top Ⅱ and telomerase, consistent with its anticancer effect. CONCLUSION： Hep C 30 has demonstrable anticancer effects against liver cancer cells in vitro.
基金financially supported by a grant sanctioned to Prof. A.R. Khuda-Bukhsh, Department of Zoology,University of Kalyani, by Boiron Laboratories, Lyon, France
文摘OBJECTIVE： Preventive measures against skin melanoma like chemotherapy are useful but suffer from chronic side effects and drug resistance. Ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra （PD）, used in homeopathy for the treatment of various ailments like chronic rheumatism, regular conjunctivitis, psoriasis, and in some skin diseases was tested for its possible anticancer potential. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the drug was tested by conducting 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on both normal （peripheral blood mononuclear cells） and A375 cells. Fluorescence microscopic study of 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained cells was conducted for DNA fragmentation assay, and changes in cellular morphology, if any, were also recorded. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay was done to evaluate the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, if any, and expression study of apoptotic genes also were evaluated to pin-point the actual events of apoptosis. RESULTS： Results showed that PD administration caused a remarkable reduction in proliferation of A375 cells, without showing much cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Generation of ROS and DNA damage, which made the cancer cells prone to apoptosis, were found to be enhanced in PD-treated cells. These results were duly supported by the analytical data on expression of different cellular and nuclear proteins, as for example, by down- regulation of Akt and Bcl-2, up-regulation of p53, Bax and caspase 3, and an increase in number of cell deaths by apoptosis in A375 cells. CONCLUSION： Overall results demonstrate anticancer potentials of PD on A375 cells through activation of caspase-mediated signaling and ROS generation.
文摘In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morpho- logical observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. Alien addition lines with two H. californicum chromo- somes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. STS-PCR analysis using chromosome 2B specific markers indi- cated that chromosome H3 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 2, and was thus designated 2H. SDS-PAGE showed that chromosome H2 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 5, and was designated 5H. The CS-H. californicum amphiploid and the chromosome addition lines （DA2H and MA5H） identified were evaluated for powdery mildew （Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticii） resis- tance in field. The preliminary results indicated that the amphiploid showed higher powdery mildew resistance than CS. However, chro- mosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that major powdery mildew resistant genes of H. californicum should be located on chromosomes other than 2H and 5H.
基金Boiron Laboratory supported this work financially by a research grant sanctioned to Prof . A.R. Khuda-Bukhsh.
文摘目的:东莨菪亭(7-羟基-6甲氧基香豆素,化学式C10H8O4,简称HMC)是从常绿钩吻(Gelsemium sem pervirens)中提取的一种天然香豆素类化合物,被认为具有抗癌活性。本研究将HMC制成聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物(polylactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)纳米颗粒胶囊,通过多项指标观察其与非纳米HMC相比,在被细胞摄取、生物利用度及对细胞凋亡的影响(抗癌活性)等方面是否有所提高。方法:人黑色素瘤A375细胞用来检测HMC及纳米HMC颗粒(nano-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin,NHMC)的被细胞摄取率及抗癌活性;通过动态光散射确定NHMC的颗粒大小、多分散性指数及电动电位;扫描电子显微镜及原子力显微镜检测纳米颗粒的表面形态。结果:HMC制成纳米颗粒胶囊的包封率超过85%。NHMC颗粒的平均直径小于110nm,其多分散性系数为0.237,提高了其被细胞摄取率及生物活性。NHMC被细胞摄取的时间(15min)明显少于非纳米HMC(30min)。测定细胞内某些信号分子mRNA的表达,表明NHMC作用细胞后能够下调细胞周期素D1(cyclin-D1)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、存活素(survivin)及信号转导和转录活化因子3(Stat-3)的表达并上调p53及半胱天冬酶3(caspase-3)的表达。与非纳米HMC相比,NHMC能够更快地被细胞摄取并引起更多的肿瘤细胞凋亡。NHMC对正常皮肤细胞无明显细胞毒性。结论:使用生物可降解材料PLGA制成的小分子纳米颗粒NHMC能够更快速地被细胞摄取并引起更多的肿瘤细胞凋亡,而对正常皮肤细胞无明显细胞毒性。提取天然药用植物中的有效成分制成纳米颗粒胶囊有望成为更好地发挥其药效的途径。
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0102001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31571653,31771782,31201204,and 31501305)+6 种基金the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31661143005)the ‘948’ Project of Ministry of Agriculture (2015-Z41)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZ201403 and KJ2013003)the Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2015352-2)the special fund of Jiangsu Province for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements (BA2017138)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B08025)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Haynaldia villosa （L.） Schur （syn. Dasypyrurn villosum （L.） Can- dargy） （2n - 14, genome VV）, a wild relative of wheat, is an impor- tant gene pool for improving wheat quality and disease resistance. Several genes found in H. villosa have been transferred into wheat to improve wheat resistance by the development of alien transloca- tion lines. The seed storage protein loci on chromosome 1V contribute to grain quality （Zhang et al., 2014）.
基金partially supported by a grant sanctioned to Prof.A.R.Khuda-Bukhsh,Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani,India,by Boiron Laboratories, Lyon,France
文摘OBJECTIVE： To test if myricanone （02H2405）, a cyclic diarylheptanoid, has anticancer effects on two different cancer cell lines HeLa and PC3. The present study was conducted with a note on the drug-DNA interaction and apoptotic signalling pathway. METHODS： Several studies like cytotoxicity, nuclear damage, annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）/propidium iodide （PI）-Iabelled apoptotic assay and cell cycle arrest, immunoblot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） were used following standard protocols. Circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopy was also done to evaluate whether myricanone effectively interacted with DNA to bring about conformational changes that could strongly inhibit the cancer cell proliferation. RESULTS： Myricanone showed a greater cytotoxic effect on PC3 cells than on HeLa cells. Myricanone promoted G0/G arrest in HeLa cells and S phase arrest in PC3 cells. Nuclear condensation and annexin V-FITC/PI studies revealed that myricanone promoted apoptotic cell death. CD spectroscopic data indicated that myricanone had an interaction with calf thymus DNA that changed DNA structural conformation. RT-PCR and immunoblot studies revealed that myricanone activated the apoptotic signalling cascades through down-regulation of transcription factors like nuclear factor-KB （NF-KB） （p65）, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 （STAT3）; cell cycle regulators like cyclin D1, and survivin and other signal proteins like Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3. CONCLUSION： Myricanone induced apoptosis in both types of cancer cells by triggering caspase activation, and suppression of cell proliferation by down-regulation of NF-KB and STAT3 signalling cascades, which makes it a suitable candidate for possible use in the formulation of therapeutic alent for combatin cancer.
基金Supported by Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture,Japan,No.10470144the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare(Intractable Diseases of the Pancreas)
文摘AIM: To examine the effects of pancreatic rest, stimulation and rest/stimulation on the natural course of recovery after acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis(AP) was induced in male rats by intraductal infusion of 40 μl/100 g body weight of 3% sodium taurocholate. All rats took food ad libitum. At 24 h after induction of AP, rats were divided into four groups: control(AP-C), pancreas rest(AP-R), stimulation(AP-S), and rest/stimulation(AP-R/S). Rats in the AP-C, AP-R and AP-S groups received oral administration of 2 ml/kg body weight saline, cholecystokinin(CCK)-1 receptor antagonist, and endogenous CCK release stimulant, respectively, twice daily for 10 d, while those in the AP-R/S group received twice daily CCK-1 receptor antagonist for the first 5 d followed by twice daily CCK release stimulant for 5 d. Rats without any treatment were used as control group(Control). Biochemical andhistological changes in the pancreas, and secretory function were evaluated on day 12 at 24 h after the last treatment. RESULTS: Feeding ad libitum(AP-C) delayed biochemical, histological and functional recovery from AP. In AP-C rats, bombesin-stimulated pancreatic secretory function and HOMA-β-cell score were significantly lower than those in other groups of rats. In AP-R rats, protein per DNA ratio and pancreatic exocrine secretory function were significantly low compared with those in Control rats. In AP-S and AP-R/S rats, the above parameters recovered to the Control levels. Bombesinstimulated pancreatic exocrine response in AP-R/S rats was higher than in AP-S rats and almost returned to control levels. In the pancreas of AP-C rats, destruction of pancreatic acini, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, and strong expression of α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were seen. Pancreatic rest reversed these histological alterations, but not atrophy of pancreatic acini and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. In AP-S and AP-R/S rats, the pancreas showed almost normal architecture. CONCLUSION: The favorable treatment strategy for AP is to keep the pancreas at rest during an early stage followed by pancreatic stimulation by promoting endogenous CCK release.
