Accurate assessment of coal brittleness is crucial in the design of coal seam drilling and underground coal mining operations.This study proposes a method for evaluating the brittleness of gas-bearing coal based on a ...Accurate assessment of coal brittleness is crucial in the design of coal seam drilling and underground coal mining operations.This study proposes a method for evaluating the brittleness of gas-bearing coal based on a statistical damage constitutive model and energy evolution mechanisms.Initially,integrating the principle of effective stress and the Hoek-Brown criterion,a statistical damage constitutive model for gas-bearing coal is established and validated through triaxial compression tests under different gas pressures to verify its accuracy and applicability.Subsequently,employing energy evolution mechanism,two energy characteristic parameters(elastic energy proportion and dissipated energy proportion)are analyzed.Based on the damage stress thresholds,the damage evolution characteristics of gas bearing coal were explored.Finally,by integrating energy characteristic parameters with damage parameters,a novel brittleness index is proposed.The results demonstrate that the theoretical curves derived from the statistical damage constitutive model closely align with the test curves,accurately reflecting the stress−strain characteristics of gas-bearing coal and revealing the stress drop and softening characteristics of coal in the post-peak stage.The shape parameter and scale parameter represent the brittleness and macroscopic strength of the coal,respectively.As gas pressure increases from 1 to 5 MPa,the shape parameter and the scale parameter decrease by 22.18%and 60.45%,respectively,indicating a reduction in both brittleness and strength of the coal.Parameters such as maximum damage rate and peak elastic energy storage limit positively correlate with coal brittleness.The brittleness index effectively captures the brittleness characteristics and reveals a decrease in brittleness and an increase in sensitivity to plastic deformation under higher gas pressure conditions.展开更多
The eye,a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation,presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms,such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability.Conventional...The eye,a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation,presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms,such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability.Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance.Polysaccharidebased microneedles(PSMNs)have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery.However,a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date.In this review,we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery.We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs,summarizing the design principles,fabrication processes,and challenges addressed during fabrication,including improving patient comfort and compliance.We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios.Finally,we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.展开更多
Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper th...Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.展开更多
To more accurately describe the coal damage and fracture evolution law during liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))fracturing under true triaxial stress,a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage(THMD)coupling model for LN_(2) fracturin...To more accurately describe the coal damage and fracture evolution law during liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))fracturing under true triaxial stress,a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage(THMD)coupling model for LN_(2) fracturing coal was developed,considering the coal heterogeneity and thermophysical parameters of nitrogen.The accuracy and applicability of model were verified by comparing with LN_(2) injection pre-cooling and fracturing experimental data.The effects of different pre-cooling times and horizontal stress ratios on coal damage evolution,permeability,temperature distribution,and fracture characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the permeability and damage of the coal increase exponentially,while the temperature decreases exponentially during the fracturing process.As the pre-cooling time increases,the damage range of the coal expands,and the fracture propagation becomes more pronounced.The initiation pressure and rupture pressure decrease and tend to stabilize with longer precooling times.As the horizontal stress ratio increases,fractures preferentially extend along the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress,leading to a significant decrease in both initiation and rupture pressures.At a horizontal stress ratio of 3,the initiation pressure drops by 48.07%,and the rupture pressure decreases by 41.36%.The results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing LN_(2) fracturing techniques and improving coal seam modification.展开更多
To solve the problem of slow kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and promote the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts,several two-dimensional CrSe_(2)-based single-atom ...To solve the problem of slow kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and promote the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts,several two-dimensional CrSe_(2)-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)were constructed using 3d transition metal(TM)atoms.Density functional theory(DFT)was employed to explore the electrocatalytic mechanisms of ORR/OER.The results showed that most of the TM atoms prefer to be anchored at site H,and the negative binding energy proved the excellent structural stability of these SACs.The hybridization between the orbitals of O 2p and TM 3d contributes to the charge transfer.Furthermore,the 3d TM atoms can act as active sites to activate the adsorbates,thereby improving the catalytic efficiency of the substrate.Significantly,Ni/CrSe_(2)exhibits the most outstanding ORR/OER catalytic performance,indicating its potential as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR/OER.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)and extended-release dexamethasone injections(Dex-I)in naïve and refractory patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema(RV...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)and extended-release dexamethasone injections(Dex-I)in naïve and refractory patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema(RVO-ME).METHODS:This was a prospective,interventional,and open-label clinical trial.There were two groups:naïve and refractory patients(received≥5 times of previous IVR within one year prior to enrollment)enrolled.Patients received IVR and Dex-I concurrently and re-combination therapy was required if one or more retreatment criteria were met.IVR and Dex-I were given pro re nata(PRN).The mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular thickness(CMT)were measured as main outcomes.RESULTS:Totally 63 patients(63 eyes)completed the entire follow-up(31 naïve and 32 refractory patients).At month 12,the change in BCVA was greater in the naïve group than in the refractory group[19.67±11.7(95%CI:15.03,24.31)letters vs 11.74±11.18(95%CI:7.32,16.16)letters,P=0.014].There was no difference between the two groups of mean macular thickness reduction[364.26±215.29(95%CI:279.09,449.43)μm vs 410.19±204.34(95%CI:329.35,491.02)μm,P=0.43].The mean co-injection numbers were 2.52±0.58(95%CI:2.29,2.75)and 2.33±0.55(95%CI:2.11,2.55)in both groups(P=0.24),respectively.The retreatment interval was 115.81±13.79 d(95%CI:110.36,121.27)and 122.74±14.06 d(95%CI:119.93,133.56)in both groups(P=0.073).There was no significant difference in the incidence of glaucoma or the progression of cataracts between the two groups.CONCLUSION:In both naïve and refractory RVO-ME patients,IVR combined with Dex-I is effective.The initial combination therapy for naïve patients demonstrates more efficient improvement in BCVA and may reduce total injection numbers compared to refractory patients.展开更多
Mitigating climate change demands innovative solutions,and carbon sequestration technologies are at the forefront.Among these,basalt,a mafic volcanic rock packed with calcium,magnesium,and iron,emerges as a powerful c...Mitigating climate change demands innovative solutions,and carbon sequestration technologies are at the forefront.Among these,basalt,a mafic volcanic rock packed with calcium,magnesium,and iron,emerges as a powerful candidate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration through mineral carbonation.This method transforms CO_(2)into stable carbonate minerals,ensuring a permanent and environmentally safe storage solution.While extensive research has explored into basalt’s potential under high hydration conditions,the untapped promise of low water content scenarios remains largely unexplored.Our ground-breaking study investigates the mineral carbonation of basalt powder under low water condi-tions using supercritical CO_(2)(sc-CO_(2)).Conducted at 50℃ and 15 MPa with a controlled moisture content of 30%,our experiment spans various time points(0,7,14,21,and 28 days).Utilising advanced X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),we unveil the mineralogical and morphological transformations.The results are striking:even under low water conditions,basalt efficiently forms valuable carbonate minerals such as calcite,siderite,magnesite,and ankerite.The carbonation efficiency evolves over time,reflecting the dynamic transfor-mation of the basalt matrix.These findings offer pivotal insights into optimising CO_(2)sequestration in basalt under low hydration,marking a significant leap toward sustainable carbon capture and storage.展开更多
The issue of light pollution has garnered increased attention recently,largely due to the widespread use of electronic devices.Blue light(BL)holds the highest energy level among visible light and has been extensively ...The issue of light pollution has garnered increased attention recently,largely due to the widespread use of electronic devices.Blue light(BL)holds the highest energy level among visible light and has been extensively researched for its potential to cause damage to the retina.Ferroptosis,a recently identified form of programmed cell death form,has been linked to retinal diseases.However,the connection between BL-induced retinal damage and ferroptosis remains elusive.This study aims to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in retinal damage under BL exposure and its underlying mechanism.In this study,a mouse retinal damage model and cultured ARPE-19 cells exposed to BL were employed.Various techniques including Haematoxylin-eosin staining,fundus photography,immunostaining,and transmission electron microscopywere employed to examine retinal structure and morphology changes resulting from BL exposure.To identify ferroptosis levels in vitro,we employed DCFH-DA,C11-BODIPY 581/591,and FeRhoNox^(TM)-1 probes.Additionally,real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were used to uncover potential targets in BL-induced ferroptosis.Our study showed that BL exposure can result in iron overload,oxidative stress,evidenced by increased markers TFR1,ACSL4,HO-1 and decreased expression level of SOD2,CAT and ferroptosis-associated gene of GPX4.Interestingly,we found that Deferoxamine mesylate,a compound capable of chelating excess Fe2+caused by BL,effectively mitigated lipid peroxidation,and alleviated retinal damage both in vivo and in vitro.The discoveries will advance our knowledge of BL-induced retinal damage.展开更多
The hydraulic fractures induced in soft coal composite reservoirs have complex extension and energy evolution characteristics.In this study,the mechanism whereby gas outbursts can be eliminated by hydraulic fracturing...The hydraulic fractures induced in soft coal composite reservoirs have complex extension and energy evolution characteristics.In this study,the mechanism whereby gas outbursts can be eliminated by hydraulic fracturing was revealed.The combined fracturing process of a coal seam and its roof under different in situ stress and fracture spacing conditions was analysed through true triaxial physical tests and numerical simulations.The results showed that the pre-fracturing of the roof had a pressure relief effect on the coal seam,and the secondary pressure relief of the coal seam could be completed at a lower fracture initiation pressure.To ensure the continued presence of the stress shadow effect in actual projects,the fracture spacing should be maintained within the critical range influencing the fracture extension.If the vertical stress is high,a call on increasing the fracture spacing can be taken;otherwise,it must be reduced.In the early phase of fracturing,energy is mostly concentrated at the tip and surface of the fracture;however,the proportion of surface energy for subsequent fracturing is gradually reduced,and the energy is mostly used to open the formation and work on the surrounding matrix.Hydraulic fracturing creates new fractures to interconnect originally heterogeneously distributed gas zones,enabling the entire coal seam to first establish interconnected pressure equilibration,then undergo gradientcontrolled depressurization.Hydraulic fracturing can homogenize the stress field and gas pressure field in the original coal seam via communication pressure equalization and reduction decompression,reduce the elastic and extension energies,increase the minimum failure energy required for instability;and realize the elimination of gas outbursts.Our findings provide some theoretical support for the efficient development of coalbed methane and the prevention and control of dynamic gas disasters in coal mines.展开更多
AIM:To assess the corneal biometric parameters and endothelial cell characteristics in microcornea patients,and exploring their correlations.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 28 patients of microcornea with ...AIM:To assess the corneal biometric parameters and endothelial cell characteristics in microcornea patients,and exploring their correlations.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 28 patients of microcornea with uveal coloboma(MCUC),13 patients of microcornea without coloboma(MCNC),and 30 age-matched healthy individuals(the control group).Corneal biometric parameters such as axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),and white-to-white corneal diameter(WTW)were measured using the IOL Master.The corneal endothelial cell density(ECD),percentage of hexagonal cells(6A),average cell area(AVE),maximum cell area(MAX),minimum cell area(MIN),cell area standard deviation(SD),and coefficient of variation(CV)were collected by specular microscopy.RESULTS:This study included MCUC and MCNC patients with age-and sex-matched controls.All patients exhibited significantly reduced WTW(MCUC:8.51±0.71 mm;MCNC:9.08±0.42 mm)and worse logMAR BCVA(MCUC 0.62±0.43;MCNC 0.46±0.28)compared to controls(both P<0.001).The ECD was 3106.32±336.80 cells/mm²in the MCUC group and 2906.92±323.53 cells/mm²in the MCNC group,both significantly higher than the control group(2647.43±203.06 cells/mm²,P<0.05).In contrast,the CV,AVE,SD,and ACD in the MCUC and MCNC groups were significantly lower compared to controls(P<0.01).In patients with microcornea,the WTW was negatively correlated with the ECD and 6A,but positively with the CV,MAX,AVE,and SD.The ACD was negatively linked to the ECD,but positively to the AVE.CONCLUSION:The corneal ECD and 6A are increased,while the CV is decreased in patients with microcornea,particularly in those accompanied by uveal coloboma.The ECD and morphology demonstrate close correlations with the WTW and ACD.展开更多
The geological structure of coal seams in China is remarkably varied and complex,with coalbed methane reservoirs marked by significant heterogeneity and low permeability,creating substantial technical challenges for e...The geological structure of coal seams in China is remarkably varied and complex,with coalbed methane reservoirs marked by significant heterogeneity and low permeability,creating substantial technical challenges for efficient extraction.This study systematically investigates the impact of liquid nitrogen immersion(LNI)on the coal’s pore structure and its mechanism of enhancing permeability with a combination of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,nitrogen adsorption experiments,and fractal dimension calculations.The results demonstrate that LNI can damage the coal’s pore structure and promote fracture expansion through thermal stress induction and moisture phase transformation,thereby enhancing the permeability of coal seams.The T_(2)peak area in the NMR experiments on coal samples subjected to LNI treatment shows a significant increase,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)specific surface area decreases to 6.02 m^(2)/g,and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)total pore volume increases to 14.99 mm^(3)/g.Furthermore,changes in fractal dimensions(D_(1)rising from 2.804 to 2.837,and D_(2)falling from 2.757 to 2.594)indicate a notable enhancement in the complexity of the pore structure.With increasing LNI cycles,the adsorption capacity of the coal samples diminishes,suggesting a significant optimization of the pore structure.This optimization is particularly evident in the reconstruction of the micropore structure,which in turn greatly enhances the complexity and connectivity of the sample’s pore network.In summary,the study concludes that LNI technology can effectively improve the permeability of coal seams and the extraction efficiency of coalbed methane by optimizing the micropore structure and enhancing pore connectivity,which offers a potential method for enhancing the permeability of gas-bearing coal seams and facilitating the development and utilization of coalbed methane.展开更多
Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase t...Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.展开更多
As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a ...As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a distributed approach enabling collaborative data processing without sharing raw data,offers promising solutions to challenges in multi-center medical data sharing.This review summarizes the progress of federated learning in multi-center medical data processing,analyzed from four perspectives:system architectures,data distribution strategies,clinical tasks,and algorithmic models.At the same time,this paper explores the challenges in practical applications,such as data heterogeneity,communication overhead,and privacy concerns.It proposes driving future research development by optimizing algorithms,strengthening privacy protection mechanisms,and enhancing computational efficiency.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical signs of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis(BKC)and evaluate the efficacy of penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the disease.METHODS:Sixteen patients(16 eyes)with BKC complicated by corneal perf...AIM:To investigate the clinical signs of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis(BKC)and evaluate the efficacy of penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the disease.METHODS:Sixteen patients(16 eyes)with BKC complicated by corneal perforation hospitalised at Shandong Eye Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received PKP.Participants were assessed for symptoms,clinical manifestations,the activity and damage grading of BKC.A paired t-test was used to compare the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)before and after surgery for the perforated eye.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 16.3y.Blurred vision is the most common discomfort,followed by redness,and then photophobia.The duration of ocular discomfort lasted for 3.2y,on average.Three(18.8%)participants were associated with rosacea,while 11(68.8%)patients had recurrent chalazion or hordeolum.Demodex in eyelash follicles was positive in 11(68.8%)cases.All corneal perforations were≤3.0 mm in diameter.The perforation was located mainly in the inferior cornea(68.8%).The mean area of corneal vascularisation was 3.0 quadrants.All patients manifested bilateral BKC,with the perforated eyes ranked as severely damaged and presenting with severe inflammation.Most contralateral eyes manifested mild damage with no active inflammation.Majority(68.8%)of the perforated eyes were treated with PKP using a minimal graft.The UCVA increased significantly at the final follow-up(mean,21mo;P<0.001),with the manifestation of BKC alleviated greatly.None of the patients developed immune rejection or other serious complications.CONCLUSION:BKC combined with corneal perforation occurs mainly among young people with a long history of ocular discomfort.PKP,especially using a minimal graft,is an effective and safe option for treating the disease.展开更多
Aromatization of light alkanes is a value-added process in both petrochemical and coal chemical industries.Here,single[Ga(OH)]^(2+)ion-exchanged mesoporous hollow-structured ZSM-5(Ga-MH-ZSM-5)material was prepared,and...Aromatization of light alkanes is a value-added process in both petrochemical and coal chemical industries.Here,single[Ga(OH)]^(2+)ion-exchanged mesoporous hollow-structured ZSM-5(Ga-MH-ZSM-5)material was prepared,and it shows unprecedented catalytic performance in light alkane aromatization,considering activity,product selectivity and catalytic stability.The average aromatics yields in ethane aromatization at 600℃and WHSV of 0.8 h^(-1) within 28 h and in propane aromatization at 580℃and WHSV of 1.1 h^(-1) within 20 h reach~18.4%and~70.8%with benzene,toluene and xylenes(BTX)accounting for~96%and~88%of aromatics,respectively.Ga-MH-ZSM-5-0.41 gave a TON for formation of aromatics(TON_(aromatics))from propane as high as 57479,whereas the reported catalysts maximally show a TON_(aromatics) of 5514.This also holds true for ethane aromatization;the TON_(aromatics) obtained on Ga-MH-ZSM-5-0.41 was³3845 in contrast to£392 on reported non-noble metal catalysts.The catalytic activity of Ga-MH-ZSM-5 highly depends on Ga species structures.[Ga(OH)]^(2+)ions are predominant species at Ga loading≤0.3 wt%,while more[Ga(OH)_(2)]^(+)and GaO_(x) oligomers are formed with increasing Ga content.Upon reduction with H_(2),[Ga(OH)]^(2+)and[Ga(OH)_(2)]^(+)are transformed into[GaH]^(2+)and[GaH_(2)]^(+)species,which show a propane dehydrogenation rate of 300 and 15 times of that of Brønsted acid sites respectively.The light alkanes are mainly dehydrogenated into light olefins on[GaH]^(2+)species,and then,oligomerized and cyclized into(alkyl)cycloalkanes on H^(+)sites,which is followed by possible ring expansion on H^(+)and sequential dehydrogenations into aromatics primarily on[GaH]^(2+).展开更多
AIM:To quantitatively assess central macular thickness(CMT),macular neovascularization(MNV)area,vascular tortuosity(VT),and vascular dispersion(VDisp)in neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),type 1 and ty...AIM:To quantitatively assess central macular thickness(CMT),macular neovascularization(MNV)area,vascular tortuosity(VT),and vascular dispersion(VDisp)in neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),type 1 and type 2 MNV,by means of optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)techniques.METHODS:In this retrospective and observational case series,patients were classified into type 1 or type 2 MNV groups.A comprehensive panel of OCT and OCTA metrics was evaluated,including CMT,MNV area,VT,and VDisp.All subjects underwent a standardized intravitreal conbercept(IVC)regimen[3+pro re nata(PRN)]with a 12-month follow-up.MNV area was obtained by manual measurements with OCTA software,and VT and VDisp were calculated by automated analysis with Image J software.RESULTS:A total of 101 participants were included,with 51 patients in the type 1 MNV group(mean age 67.32±9.12y)and 50 patients in the type 2 MNV group(mean age 64.74±5.21y).The mean number of IVC injections was 3.98±1.53 for type 1 MNV and 3.73±0.81 for type 2 MNV.Both subtypes exhibited significant improvements in visual acuity,accompanied by marked reductions in CMT and MNV area(P<0.05)at 12mo after treatment.In type 2 MNV,VT significantly decreased(P<0.05),whereas no significant change was observed in VT for type 1 MNV.VDisp did not significantly changed in either sybtypes.Moreover,in type 1 MNV,final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)using logMAR correlated positively with both pre-and post-treatment CMT,while in type 2 MNV,a significant positive correlation was found between the number of injections and final CMT.CONCLUSION:This study shows that conbercept treatment significantly improves visual acuity and macular structure in both type 1 and type 2 MNV with reductions in CMT and MNV area.The significant reduction in VT in type 2 MNV suggests its potential as a biomarker for disease activity.The findings imply the quantitative assessment useful for the stratification,prognostication,and personalized management of MNV in nAMD.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield...Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.展开更多
Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of ex...Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of experimental data analysis and theoretical derivation, a calculation method of coal seam gas permeability was proposed, which synthesized the respective influences of gas dynamic viscosity, compressibility factor and Klinkenberg effect. The study results show that the Klinkenberg effect has a significant influence on the coal seam gas seepage, the permeability estimated with the method considering the Klinkenberg effect is correct, and this permeability can fully reflect the true seepage state of the gas. For the gas around the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability may be ignored. For the gas deviating far away from the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability must be considered. The research results have certain guiding significance in forming a correct understanding of the Klinkenberg effect and selecting a more accurate calculation method for the permeability of coal containing gas.展开更多
High-resolution and detailed regional soil spatial distribution information is increasingly needed for ecological modeling and land resource management. For areas with no point data, regional soil mapping includes two...High-resolution and detailed regional soil spatial distribution information is increasingly needed for ecological modeling and land resource management. For areas with no point data, regional soil mapping includes two steps： soil sampling and soil mapping. Because sampling over a large area is costly, efficient sampling strategies are required. A multi-grade representative sampling strategy, which designs a small number of representative samples with different representative grades to depict soil spatial variations at different scales, could be a potentially efficient sampling strategy for regional soil mapping. Additionally, a suitable soil mapping approach is needed to map regional soil variations based on a small number of samples. In this study, the multi-grade representative sampling strategy was applied and a fuzzy membership-weighted soil mapping approach was developed to map soil sand percentage and soil organic carbon （SOC） at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths in a study area of 5 900 km2 in Anhui Province of China. First, geographical sub-areas were delineated using a parent lithology data layer. Next, fuzzy c-means clustering was applied to two climate and four terrain variables in each stratum. The clustering results （environmental cluster chains） were used to locate representative samples. Evaluations based on an independent validation sample set showed that the addition of samples with lower representativeness generally led to a decrease of root mean square error （RMSE）. The declining rates of RMSE with the addition of samples slowed down for 20-40 cm depth, but fluctuated for 0-20 cm depth. The predicted SOC maps based on the representative samples exhibited higher accuracy, especially for soil depth 20-40 cm, as compared to those based on legacy soil data. Multi-grade representative sampling could be an effective sampling strategy at a regional scale. This sampling strategy, combined with the fuzzy membership-based mapping approach, could be an optional effective framework for regional soil property mapping. A more detailed and accurate soft parent material map and the addition of environmental variables representing human activities would improve mapping accuracy.展开更多
Gully feature mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for the motioning and control of gully erosion which is a widespread natural hazard. The increasing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) a...Gully feature mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for the motioning and control of gully erosion which is a widespread natural hazard. The increasing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and remote sensing imagery, combined with developed object-based methods enables automatic gully feature mapping. But still few studies have specifically focused on gully feature mapping on different scales. In this study, an object-based approach to two-level gully feature mapping, including gully-affected areas and bank gullies, was developed and tested on 1-m DEM and Worldview-3 imagery of a catchment in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The methodology includes a sequence of data preparation, image segmentation, metric calculation, and random forest based classification. The results of the two-level mapping were based on a random forest model after investigating the effects of feature selection and class-imbalance problem. Results show that the segmentation strategy adopted in this paper which considers the topographic information and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. The distribution of the gully-affected area is closely related to topographic information, however, the spectral features are more dominant for bank gully mapping. The highest overall accuracy of the gully-affected area mapping was 93.06% with four topographic features. The highest overall accuracy of bank gully mapping is 78.5% when all features are adopted. The proposed approach is a creditable option for hierarchical mapping of gully feature information, which is suitable for the application in hily Loess Plateau region.展开更多
基金Project(52274096)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(WS2023A03)supported by the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control,China。
文摘Accurate assessment of coal brittleness is crucial in the design of coal seam drilling and underground coal mining operations.This study proposes a method for evaluating the brittleness of gas-bearing coal based on a statistical damage constitutive model and energy evolution mechanisms.Initially,integrating the principle of effective stress and the Hoek-Brown criterion,a statistical damage constitutive model for gas-bearing coal is established and validated through triaxial compression tests under different gas pressures to verify its accuracy and applicability.Subsequently,employing energy evolution mechanism,two energy characteristic parameters(elastic energy proportion and dissipated energy proportion)are analyzed.Based on the damage stress thresholds,the damage evolution characteristics of gas bearing coal were explored.Finally,by integrating energy characteristic parameters with damage parameters,a novel brittleness index is proposed.The results demonstrate that the theoretical curves derived from the statistical damage constitutive model closely align with the test curves,accurately reflecting the stress−strain characteristics of gas-bearing coal and revealing the stress drop and softening characteristics of coal in the post-peak stage.The shape parameter and scale parameter represent the brittleness and macroscopic strength of the coal,respectively.As gas pressure increases from 1 to 5 MPa,the shape parameter and the scale parameter decrease by 22.18%and 60.45%,respectively,indicating a reduction in both brittleness and strength of the coal.Parameters such as maximum damage rate and peak elastic energy storage limit positively correlate with coal brittleness.The brittleness index effectively captures the brittleness characteristics and reveals a decrease in brittleness and an increase in sensitivity to plastic deformation under higher gas pressure conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371032,82070923)the Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023ZD60)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Program(20231255)the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019RC009).
文摘The eye,a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation,presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms,such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability.Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance.Polysaccharidebased microneedles(PSMNs)have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery.However,a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date.In this review,we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery.We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs,summarizing the design principles,fabrication processes,and challenges addressed during fabrication,including improving patient comfort and compliance.We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios.Finally,we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071143,82371000,82270361)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022795)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1801)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202227).
文摘Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874236 and 52174207)Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022TD02)Henan University of Science and Technology PhD Funded Projects(No.B2025-9)。
文摘To more accurately describe the coal damage and fracture evolution law during liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))fracturing under true triaxial stress,a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage(THMD)coupling model for LN_(2) fracturing coal was developed,considering the coal heterogeneity and thermophysical parameters of nitrogen.The accuracy and applicability of model were verified by comparing with LN_(2) injection pre-cooling and fracturing experimental data.The effects of different pre-cooling times and horizontal stress ratios on coal damage evolution,permeability,temperature distribution,and fracture characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the permeability and damage of the coal increase exponentially,while the temperature decreases exponentially during the fracturing process.As the pre-cooling time increases,the damage range of the coal expands,and the fracture propagation becomes more pronounced.The initiation pressure and rupture pressure decrease and tend to stabilize with longer precooling times.As the horizontal stress ratio increases,fractures preferentially extend along the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress,leading to a significant decrease in both initiation and rupture pressures.At a horizontal stress ratio of 3,the initiation pressure drops by 48.07%,and the rupture pressure decreases by 41.36%.The results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing LN_(2) fracturing techniques and improving coal seam modification.
基金supported by the Key Project of NSFC-Henan Joint Fund(No.U2004209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21603109)。
文摘To solve the problem of slow kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and promote the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts,several two-dimensional CrSe_(2)-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)were constructed using 3d transition metal(TM)atoms.Density functional theory(DFT)was employed to explore the electrocatalytic mechanisms of ORR/OER.The results showed that most of the TM atoms prefer to be anchored at site H,and the negative binding energy proved the excellent structural stability of these SACs.The hybridization between the orbitals of O 2p and TM 3d contributes to the charge transfer.Furthermore,the 3d TM atoms can act as active sites to activate the adsorbates,thereby improving the catalytic efficiency of the substrate.Significantly,Ni/CrSe_(2)exhibits the most outstanding ORR/OER catalytic performance,indicating its potential as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR/OER.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82301211)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.J230028).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)and extended-release dexamethasone injections(Dex-I)in naïve and refractory patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema(RVO-ME).METHODS:This was a prospective,interventional,and open-label clinical trial.There were two groups:naïve and refractory patients(received≥5 times of previous IVR within one year prior to enrollment)enrolled.Patients received IVR and Dex-I concurrently and re-combination therapy was required if one or more retreatment criteria were met.IVR and Dex-I were given pro re nata(PRN).The mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular thickness(CMT)were measured as main outcomes.RESULTS:Totally 63 patients(63 eyes)completed the entire follow-up(31 naïve and 32 refractory patients).At month 12,the change in BCVA was greater in the naïve group than in the refractory group[19.67±11.7(95%CI:15.03,24.31)letters vs 11.74±11.18(95%CI:7.32,16.16)letters,P=0.014].There was no difference between the two groups of mean macular thickness reduction[364.26±215.29(95%CI:279.09,449.43)μm vs 410.19±204.34(95%CI:329.35,491.02)μm,P=0.43].The mean co-injection numbers were 2.52±0.58(95%CI:2.29,2.75)and 2.33±0.55(95%CI:2.11,2.55)in both groups(P=0.24),respectively.The retreatment interval was 115.81±13.79 d(95%CI:110.36,121.27)and 122.74±14.06 d(95%CI:119.93,133.56)in both groups(P=0.073).There was no significant difference in the incidence of glaucoma or the progression of cataracts between the two groups.CONCLUSION:In both naïve and refractory RVO-ME patients,IVR combined with Dex-I is effective.The initial combination therapy for naïve patients demonstrates more efficient improvement in BCVA and may reduce total injection numbers compared to refractory patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374192)the Henan Province Funds for Distinguished Young Youths(Grant No.242300421013)the Innovative Scientific Research Team Project of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.T2024-1).
文摘Mitigating climate change demands innovative solutions,and carbon sequestration technologies are at the forefront.Among these,basalt,a mafic volcanic rock packed with calcium,magnesium,and iron,emerges as a powerful candidate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration through mineral carbonation.This method transforms CO_(2)into stable carbonate minerals,ensuring a permanent and environmentally safe storage solution.While extensive research has explored into basalt’s potential under high hydration conditions,the untapped promise of low water content scenarios remains largely unexplored.Our ground-breaking study investigates the mineral carbonation of basalt powder under low water condi-tions using supercritical CO_(2)(sc-CO_(2)).Conducted at 50℃ and 15 MPa with a controlled moisture content of 30%,our experiment spans various time points(0,7,14,21,and 28 days).Utilising advanced X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),we unveil the mineralogical and morphological transformations.The results are striking:even under low water conditions,basalt efficiently forms valuable carbonate minerals such as calcite,siderite,magnesite,and ankerite.The carbonation efficiency evolves over time,reflecting the dynamic transfor-mation of the basalt matrix.These findings offer pivotal insights into optimising CO_(2)sequestration in basalt under low hydration,marking a significant leap toward sustainable carbon capture and storage.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA16040200)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.82201194 and 82371084).
文摘The issue of light pollution has garnered increased attention recently,largely due to the widespread use of electronic devices.Blue light(BL)holds the highest energy level among visible light and has been extensively researched for its potential to cause damage to the retina.Ferroptosis,a recently identified form of programmed cell death form,has been linked to retinal diseases.However,the connection between BL-induced retinal damage and ferroptosis remains elusive.This study aims to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in retinal damage under BL exposure and its underlying mechanism.In this study,a mouse retinal damage model and cultured ARPE-19 cells exposed to BL were employed.Various techniques including Haematoxylin-eosin staining,fundus photography,immunostaining,and transmission electron microscopywere employed to examine retinal structure and morphology changes resulting from BL exposure.To identify ferroptosis levels in vitro,we employed DCFH-DA,C11-BODIPY 581/591,and FeRhoNox^(TM)-1 probes.Additionally,real-time PCR and western blotting techniques were used to uncover potential targets in BL-induced ferroptosis.Our study showed that BL exposure can result in iron overload,oxidative stress,evidenced by increased markers TFR1,ACSL4,HO-1 and decreased expression level of SOD2,CAT and ferroptosis-associated gene of GPX4.Interestingly,we found that Deferoxamine mesylate,a compound capable of chelating excess Fe2+caused by BL,effectively mitigated lipid peroxidation,and alleviated retinal damage both in vivo and in vitro.The discoveries will advance our knowledge of BL-induced retinal damage.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program(Nos.2023YFC3009000 and 2023YFC3006804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130409,52121003,51874314,and 52274190).
文摘The hydraulic fractures induced in soft coal composite reservoirs have complex extension and energy evolution characteristics.In this study,the mechanism whereby gas outbursts can be eliminated by hydraulic fracturing was revealed.The combined fracturing process of a coal seam and its roof under different in situ stress and fracture spacing conditions was analysed through true triaxial physical tests and numerical simulations.The results showed that the pre-fracturing of the roof had a pressure relief effect on the coal seam,and the secondary pressure relief of the coal seam could be completed at a lower fracture initiation pressure.To ensure the continued presence of the stress shadow effect in actual projects,the fracture spacing should be maintained within the critical range influencing the fracture extension.If the vertical stress is high,a call on increasing the fracture spacing can be taken;otherwise,it must be reduced.In the early phase of fracturing,energy is mostly concentrated at the tip and surface of the fracture;however,the proportion of surface energy for subsequent fracturing is gradually reduced,and the energy is mostly used to open the formation and work on the surrounding matrix.Hydraulic fracturing creates new fractures to interconnect originally heterogeneously distributed gas zones,enabling the entire coal seam to first establish interconnected pressure equilibration,then undergo gradientcontrolled depressurization.Hydraulic fracturing can homogenize the stress field and gas pressure field in the original coal seam via communication pressure equalization and reduction decompression,reduce the elastic and extension energies,increase the minimum failure energy required for instability;and realize the elimination of gas outbursts.Our findings provide some theoretical support for the efficient development of coalbed methane and the prevention and control of dynamic gas disasters in coal mines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271052No.82201154)+2 种基金Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2024CXGC010617)Taishan Scholar Program(No.tstp20240858)Educational and Teaching Reform Research Project of Shandong First Medical University(No.XM2024001).
文摘AIM:To assess the corneal biometric parameters and endothelial cell characteristics in microcornea patients,and exploring their correlations.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 28 patients of microcornea with uveal coloboma(MCUC),13 patients of microcornea without coloboma(MCNC),and 30 age-matched healthy individuals(the control group).Corneal biometric parameters such as axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),and white-to-white corneal diameter(WTW)were measured using the IOL Master.The corneal endothelial cell density(ECD),percentage of hexagonal cells(6A),average cell area(AVE),maximum cell area(MAX),minimum cell area(MIN),cell area standard deviation(SD),and coefficient of variation(CV)were collected by specular microscopy.RESULTS:This study included MCUC and MCNC patients with age-and sex-matched controls.All patients exhibited significantly reduced WTW(MCUC:8.51±0.71 mm;MCNC:9.08±0.42 mm)and worse logMAR BCVA(MCUC 0.62±0.43;MCNC 0.46±0.28)compared to controls(both P<0.001).The ECD was 3106.32±336.80 cells/mm²in the MCUC group and 2906.92±323.53 cells/mm²in the MCNC group,both significantly higher than the control group(2647.43±203.06 cells/mm²,P<0.05).In contrast,the CV,AVE,SD,and ACD in the MCUC and MCNC groups were significantly lower compared to controls(P<0.01).In patients with microcornea,the WTW was negatively correlated with the ECD and 6A,but positively with the CV,MAX,AVE,and SD.The ACD was negatively linked to the ECD,but positively to the AVE.CONCLUSION:The corneal ECD and 6A are increased,while the CV is decreased in patients with microcornea,particularly in those accompanied by uveal coloboma.The ECD and morphology demonstrate close correlations with the WTW and ACD.
基金Projects(52204226,52104204,52474276)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(tsqnz20221140)supported by the Taishan Scholars Project of China+1 种基金Projects(ZR2022QE243,ZR2024ME097)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of ChinaProject(252300421010)supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee,China。
文摘The geological structure of coal seams in China is remarkably varied and complex,with coalbed methane reservoirs marked by significant heterogeneity and low permeability,creating substantial technical challenges for efficient extraction.This study systematically investigates the impact of liquid nitrogen immersion(LNI)on the coal’s pore structure and its mechanism of enhancing permeability with a combination of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,nitrogen adsorption experiments,and fractal dimension calculations.The results demonstrate that LNI can damage the coal’s pore structure and promote fracture expansion through thermal stress induction and moisture phase transformation,thereby enhancing the permeability of coal seams.The T_(2)peak area in the NMR experiments on coal samples subjected to LNI treatment shows a significant increase,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)specific surface area decreases to 6.02 m^(2)/g,and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)total pore volume increases to 14.99 mm^(3)/g.Furthermore,changes in fractal dimensions(D_(1)rising from 2.804 to 2.837,and D_(2)falling from 2.757 to 2.594)indicate a notable enhancement in the complexity of the pore structure.With increasing LNI cycles,the adsorption capacity of the coal samples diminishes,suggesting a significant optimization of the pore structure.This optimization is particularly evident in the reconstruction of the micropore structure,which in turn greatly enhances the complexity and connectivity of the sample’s pore network.In summary,the study concludes that LNI technology can effectively improve the permeability of coal seams and the extraction efficiency of coalbed methane by optimizing the micropore structure and enhancing pore connectivity,which offers a potential method for enhancing the permeability of gas-bearing coal seams and facilitating the development and utilization of coalbed methane.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072379,32001865 and 32202259)。
文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.
基金supported and funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101079)the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023836)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2023YFC2400025).
文摘As the integration of medical big data and artificial intelligence advances,the secure sharing of medical data has become a key driving force for advancing disease research and clinical diagnosis.Federated learning,a distributed approach enabling collaborative data processing without sharing raw data,offers promising solutions to challenges in multi-center medical data sharing.This review summarizes the progress of federated learning in multi-center medical data processing,analyzed from four perspectives:system architectures,data distribution strategies,clinical tasks,and algorithmic models.At the same time,this paper explores the challenges in practical applications,such as data heterogeneity,communication overhead,and privacy concerns.It proposes driving future research development by optimizing algorithms,strengthening privacy protection mechanisms,and enhancing computational efficiency.
基金Supported by Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC010505)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019BH065)+1 种基金Taishan Scholars Program(No.20221110)the Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical signs of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis(BKC)and evaluate the efficacy of penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)for the disease.METHODS:Sixteen patients(16 eyes)with BKC complicated by corneal perforation hospitalised at Shandong Eye Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received PKP.Participants were assessed for symptoms,clinical manifestations,the activity and damage grading of BKC.A paired t-test was used to compare the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)before and after surgery for the perforated eye.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 16.3y.Blurred vision is the most common discomfort,followed by redness,and then photophobia.The duration of ocular discomfort lasted for 3.2y,on average.Three(18.8%)participants were associated with rosacea,while 11(68.8%)patients had recurrent chalazion or hordeolum.Demodex in eyelash follicles was positive in 11(68.8%)cases.All corneal perforations were≤3.0 mm in diameter.The perforation was located mainly in the inferior cornea(68.8%).The mean area of corneal vascularisation was 3.0 quadrants.All patients manifested bilateral BKC,with the perforated eyes ranked as severely damaged and presenting with severe inflammation.Most contralateral eyes manifested mild damage with no active inflammation.Majority(68.8%)of the perforated eyes were treated with PKP using a minimal graft.The UCVA increased significantly at the final follow-up(mean,21mo;P<0.001),with the manifestation of BKC alleviated greatly.None of the patients developed immune rejection or other serious complications.CONCLUSION:BKC combined with corneal perforation occurs mainly among young people with a long history of ocular discomfort.PKP,especially using a minimal graft,is an effective and safe option for treating the disease.
文摘Aromatization of light alkanes is a value-added process in both petrochemical and coal chemical industries.Here,single[Ga(OH)]^(2+)ion-exchanged mesoporous hollow-structured ZSM-5(Ga-MH-ZSM-5)material was prepared,and it shows unprecedented catalytic performance in light alkane aromatization,considering activity,product selectivity and catalytic stability.The average aromatics yields in ethane aromatization at 600℃and WHSV of 0.8 h^(-1) within 28 h and in propane aromatization at 580℃and WHSV of 1.1 h^(-1) within 20 h reach~18.4%and~70.8%with benzene,toluene and xylenes(BTX)accounting for~96%and~88%of aromatics,respectively.Ga-MH-ZSM-5-0.41 gave a TON for formation of aromatics(TON_(aromatics))from propane as high as 57479,whereas the reported catalysts maximally show a TON_(aromatics) of 5514.This also holds true for ethane aromatization;the TON_(aromatics) obtained on Ga-MH-ZSM-5-0.41 was³3845 in contrast to£392 on reported non-noble metal catalysts.The catalytic activity of Ga-MH-ZSM-5 highly depends on Ga species structures.[Ga(OH)]^(2+)ions are predominant species at Ga loading≤0.3 wt%,while more[Ga(OH)_(2)]^(+)and GaO_(x) oligomers are formed with increasing Ga content.Upon reduction with H_(2),[Ga(OH)]^(2+)and[Ga(OH)_(2)]^(+)are transformed into[GaH]^(2+)and[GaH_(2)]^(+)species,which show a propane dehydrogenation rate of 300 and 15 times of that of Brønsted acid sites respectively.The light alkanes are mainly dehydrogenated into light olefins on[GaH]^(2+)species,and then,oligomerized and cyclized into(alkyl)cycloalkanes on H^(+)sites,which is followed by possible ring expansion on H^(+)and sequential dehydrogenations into aromatics primarily on[GaH]^(2+).
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023MH363)Bethune Langmu Young Scholars Research Fund Project(No.BJ-LM2021007J).
文摘AIM:To quantitatively assess central macular thickness(CMT),macular neovascularization(MNV)area,vascular tortuosity(VT),and vascular dispersion(VDisp)in neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),type 1 and type 2 MNV,by means of optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)techniques.METHODS:In this retrospective and observational case series,patients were classified into type 1 or type 2 MNV groups.A comprehensive panel of OCT and OCTA metrics was evaluated,including CMT,MNV area,VT,and VDisp.All subjects underwent a standardized intravitreal conbercept(IVC)regimen[3+pro re nata(PRN)]with a 12-month follow-up.MNV area was obtained by manual measurements with OCTA software,and VT and VDisp were calculated by automated analysis with Image J software.RESULTS:A total of 101 participants were included,with 51 patients in the type 1 MNV group(mean age 67.32±9.12y)and 50 patients in the type 2 MNV group(mean age 64.74±5.21y).The mean number of IVC injections was 3.98±1.53 for type 1 MNV and 3.73±0.81 for type 2 MNV.Both subtypes exhibited significant improvements in visual acuity,accompanied by marked reductions in CMT and MNV area(P<0.05)at 12mo after treatment.In type 2 MNV,VT significantly decreased(P<0.05),whereas no significant change was observed in VT for type 1 MNV.VDisp did not significantly changed in either sybtypes.Moreover,in type 1 MNV,final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)using logMAR correlated positively with both pre-and post-treatment CMT,while in type 2 MNV,a significant positive correlation was found between the number of injections and final CMT.CONCLUSION:This study shows that conbercept treatment significantly improves visual acuity and macular structure in both type 1 and type 2 MNV with reductions in CMT and MNV area.The significant reduction in VT in type 2 MNV suggests its potential as a biomarker for disease activity.The findings imply the quantitative assessment useful for the stratification,prognostication,and personalized management of MNV in nAMD.
基金supported by the International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172676)+2 种基金the Danling Science&Technology Backyard Project,China(F2024236)the Dalian Xinmei Project,China(MY01-2023-2025-02)the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project,China(22QYCX0073)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.
基金Projects(51104059,51204067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB723103)supported the National Basic Research Program of China+3 种基金Project(IRT1235)supported by Innovation Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(2013M531674)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(132300413203)supported by Basic and Frontier Technology Research Program of Henan Province,ChinaProject(WS2012B07)supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control(Henan Polytechnic University),China
文摘Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of experimental data analysis and theoretical derivation, a calculation method of coal seam gas permeability was proposed, which synthesized the respective influences of gas dynamic viscosity, compressibility factor and Klinkenberg effect. The study results show that the Klinkenberg effect has a significant influence on the coal seam gas seepage, the permeability estimated with the method considering the Klinkenberg effect is correct, and this permeability can fully reflect the true seepage state of the gas. For the gas around the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability may be ignored. For the gas deviating far away from the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability must be considered. The research results have certain guiding significance in forming a correct understanding of the Klinkenberg effect and selecting a more accurate calculation method for the permeability of coal containing gas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471178, 41530749, and 41431177)the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China (No. Y052010002)+2 种基金the Natural Science Research Program of Jiangsu, China (No. 14KJA170001)the National Key Technology Innovation Project for Water Pollution Control and Remediation, China (No. 2013ZX07103006)the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2015CB954102)
文摘High-resolution and detailed regional soil spatial distribution information is increasingly needed for ecological modeling and land resource management. For areas with no point data, regional soil mapping includes two steps： soil sampling and soil mapping. Because sampling over a large area is costly, efficient sampling strategies are required. A multi-grade representative sampling strategy, which designs a small number of representative samples with different representative grades to depict soil spatial variations at different scales, could be a potentially efficient sampling strategy for regional soil mapping. Additionally, a suitable soil mapping approach is needed to map regional soil variations based on a small number of samples. In this study, the multi-grade representative sampling strategy was applied and a fuzzy membership-weighted soil mapping approach was developed to map soil sand percentage and soil organic carbon （SOC） at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths in a study area of 5 900 km2 in Anhui Province of China. First, geographical sub-areas were delineated using a parent lithology data layer. Next, fuzzy c-means clustering was applied to two climate and four terrain variables in each stratum. The clustering results （environmental cluster chains） were used to locate representative samples. Evaluations based on an independent validation sample set showed that the addition of samples with lower representativeness generally led to a decrease of root mean square error （RMSE）. The declining rates of RMSE with the addition of samples slowed down for 20-40 cm depth, but fluctuated for 0-20 cm depth. The predicted SOC maps based on the representative samples exhibited higher accuracy, especially for soil depth 20-40 cm, as compared to those based on legacy soil data. Multi-grade representative sampling could be an effective sampling strategy at a regional scale. This sampling strategy, combined with the fuzzy membership-based mapping approach, could be an optional effective framework for regional soil property mapping. A more detailed and accurate soft parent material map and the addition of environmental variables representing human activities would improve mapping accuracy.
基金Under the auspices of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271438,41471316,41401440,41671389)
文摘Gully feature mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for the motioning and control of gully erosion which is a widespread natural hazard. The increasing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and remote sensing imagery, combined with developed object-based methods enables automatic gully feature mapping. But still few studies have specifically focused on gully feature mapping on different scales. In this study, an object-based approach to two-level gully feature mapping, including gully-affected areas and bank gullies, was developed and tested on 1-m DEM and Worldview-3 imagery of a catchment in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The methodology includes a sequence of data preparation, image segmentation, metric calculation, and random forest based classification. The results of the two-level mapping were based on a random forest model after investigating the effects of feature selection and class-imbalance problem. Results show that the segmentation strategy adopted in this paper which considers the topographic information and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. The distribution of the gully-affected area is closely related to topographic information, however, the spectral features are more dominant for bank gully mapping. The highest overall accuracy of the gully-affected area mapping was 93.06% with four topographic features. The highest overall accuracy of bank gully mapping is 78.5% when all features are adopted. The proposed approach is a creditable option for hierarchical mapping of gully feature information, which is suitable for the application in hily Loess Plateau region.
