The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular rec...The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular recanalization treatments such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have achieved some success,reperfusion injury remains a significant contributor to the exacerbation of brain injury.This emphasizes the need for developing neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this type of injury.The purpose of this review was to examine the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of ischemic stroke,covering research progress in nanoparticlebased drug delivery,targeted therapy,and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.Nanobased drug delivery systems offer several advantages compared to traditional therapies,including enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration,prolonged drug circulation time,improved drug stability,and targeted delivery.For example,inorganic nanoparticles,such as those based on CeO_(2),have been widely studied for their strong antioxidant capabilities.Biomimetic nanoparticles,such as those coated with cell membranes,have garnered significant attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting abilities.Nanoparticles can be used to deliver a wide range of neuroprotective agents,such as antioxidants(e.g.,edaravone),anti-inflammatory drugs(e.g.,curcumin),and neurotrophic factors.Nanotechnology significantly enhances the efficacy of these drugs while minimizing adverse reactions.Although nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in animal studies,its clinical application still faces several challenges,including the long-term safety of nanoparticles,the feasibility of large-scale production,quality control,and the ability to predict therapeutic effects in humans.In summary,nanotechnology holds significant promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke.Future research should focus on further exploring the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles,developing multifunctional nanoparticles,and validating their safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials.Moreover,interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for advancing the use of nanotechnology in stroke treatment.展开更多
Ice premelting,the formation of a quasi-liquid layer on ice surfaces below the bulk melting point,plays a crucial role in various processes,ranging from glacier dynamics to ice friction and surface chemistry.Despite i...Ice premelting,the formation of a quasi-liquid layer on ice surfaces below the bulk melting point,plays a crucial role in various processes,ranging from glacier dynamics to ice friction and surface chemistry.Despite intensive research,the microscopic structure of the premelting layer and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this work,we studied the temperature-and pressure-dependent structural disordering of crystalline Ih(0001)surface near the onset of premelting on the atomic scale by qPlus-based cryogenic atomic force microscopy.The linear correlation between the density of planar local structure(PLS)and the fraction of disordered surface region showed that the PLS mediated early-stage premelting by serving as a metastable seeding state.Notably,the associated surface disordering is cooperative,extending over an area of roughly~2 nm^(2) around a PLS.We further found a striking structural similarity between the kinetic-trapped regime below the surface crystallization temperature(T_(c))and the premelting-dominated regime above T_(c).As the deposition pressure increased,the characteristic temperature dependence was preserved,with only T_(c) shifting to higher values due to kinetic effects.Finally,we proposed a surface phase diagram for ice Ih(0001)based on our experimental observations.展开更多
This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2...This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2022.The large field of view,combined with the capability for multi-band photometric observations,enables the Mini-SiTian Array to perform rapid follow-up observations to identify optical counterparts of gravitational waves,capture the early light curves of tidal disruption events and supernovae,and monitor stellar flares,Be star outbursts,and cataclysmic variable stars,although its limiting magnitude is not very deep.By collaborating with the Xinglong2.16 m telescope and leveraging a real-time image processing pipeline,simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations could be performed to reveal their underlying physical mechanisms.The observational and research experience provides critical guidance for the implementation of the full-scale SiTian project in the future.展开更多
Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative...Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.This study presents a structure-function approach to antimicrobial peptide(AMP)design through the strategic integration of a cationic backbone with a hydrophobic core.This dual-domain architecture enables robust hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions,promoting spontaneous self-assembly and efficient membrane engagement.The lead peptide,Tryptolycin(TRPY),formed stable,monodisperse nanoparticles and demonstrated broad-spectrum bactericidal activity,with minimum inhibitory concentrations≤1μmol/L against multiple strains of MRSA and K.pneumoniae,while exerting minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells.TRPY achieved rapid bacterial elimination,eradicating 99.9%of both planktonic and persister populations within minutes.Mechanistic investigations revealed that TRPY induced membrane permeabilization,promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and inhibited biofilm formation.In murine infection models,TRPY effectively eradicated established infections,reducing bacterial burden across target organs by 3-to 5-fold without significant cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations.Collectively,these findings establish TRPY as a promising therapeutic agent for clinical translation in the treatment of refractory bacterial infections.展开更多
The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts c...The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.展开更多
Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed ...Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed and controlled with unprecedented spatial,temporal,and chemical resolution.In this review,we present an integrated framework that pro-gresses from fundamental mechanisms to analytical technologies and functional modulation.We begin by outlining elec-tron transfer pathways in mitochondrial respiration,microbial extracellular electron transfer,and DNA-and protein-based charge conduction,followed by the principles of photon-electron conversion in photosynthesis and the central role of redox equilibrium in coordinating cellular responses.We then highlight electrochemical analytical strategies that enable multiscale biological characterization,including biosensing,electrochemical and scanning probe imaging,electrogenerated chemilu-minescence detection,and measurements of membrane potentials and neurotransmitter dynamics.Emerging platforms such as flexible biointerfaces,ultramicroelectrodes,and nanopore systems further extend these capabilities to in vivo and single-molecule contexts.Finally,we discuss how electrochemical inputs can be used to regulate metabolic pathways,mi-crobial and protein activities,and neural signaling,enabling precision therapeutic and bioengineering applications.Togeth-er,these developments establish electrochemistry as a powerful foundation for decoding and directing biological systems.展开更多
Plantshave evolvedvariousmechanismsto interact withmicroorganisms,which help them acquire nutrients from the soil and enhance their tolerance to environmental stresses.One of the most widespread mutualistic interactio...Plantshave evolvedvariousmechanismsto interact withmicroorganisms,which help them acquire nutrients from the soil and enhance their tolerance to environmental stresses.One of the most widespread mutualistic interactions is arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,which is formed by 80%-90%of terrestrial plants in association with AM fungi.In AM symbiosis,plants acquire mineral nutrients from the fungi in exchange for fatty acids and sugars that are produced during photosynthesis(Jiang et al.,2017).展开更多
Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of bo...Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of both sexes,it is often displayed in a sexually dimorphic manner,with males typically exhibiting higher levels of aggression than females.展开更多
Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as convent...Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.展开更多
Systems hosting flat bands offer a powerful platform for exploring strong correlation physics.Theoretically,topological degeneracy arising in systems with non-trivial topological orders on periodic manifolds of non-ze...Systems hosting flat bands offer a powerful platform for exploring strong correlation physics.Theoretically,topological degeneracy arising in systems with non-trivial topological orders on periodic manifolds of non-zero genus can generate ideal flat bands.However,experimental realization of such geometrically engineered systems is very difficult.In this work,we demonstrate that flat planes with strategically patterned hole defects can engineer ideal flat bands.We construct two families of models:singular flat band systems where degeneracy is stabilized by non-contractible loop excitations tied to hole defects and perfectly nested van Hove systems where degeneracy arises from line excitations in momentum space.These models circumvent the need for exotic manifolds while retaining the essential features of topological flat bands.By directly linking defect engineering to degeneracy mechanisms,our results establish a scalable framework for experimentally accessible flat band design.展开更多
Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ...Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ultrafast electron sources involves irradiating metal tips by ultrashort laser pulses, causing electron beam emission via the photoelectric effect [including photon-driven(quantum) or field-driven(classical) emission]. However, the thermionic electrons emission process due to the heating effect of ultrashort lasers, particularly its dynamic aspects, has rarely been addressed in previous studies. In this paper, we improved the signal-to-noise ratio of a two-pulse correlation measurement on the tip electron emission by nearly two orders of magnitude using a delay time modulation method. This allowed us to obtain information on the temperature evolution of hot electrons and phonons in a non-equilibrium state, and to extract characteristic time scales for electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering. Our findings indicate that the thermionic electrons emission, unlike the instantaneous photoelectric effect, causes electron emission to lag behind the laser pulse by tens of picoseconds, thus significantly affecting the detection of ultrafast dynamics of samples. Furthermore, such a lagging effect was found to be sensitive to the local structure of the metal tip, offering new insights into the improved design of ultrafast electron sources.展开更多
Cold plasma-assisted catalytic upcycling of polyolefin wastes integrated with CO_(2)into value-added chemicals is a promising solution for mitigating the global carbon emissions and fossil energy crisis,but still chal...Cold plasma-assisted catalytic upcycling of polyolefin wastes integrated with CO_(2)into value-added chemicals is a promising solution for mitigating the global carbon emissions and fossil energy crisis,but still challenging due to the complexity of products and low energy efficiency.Given this,a novel one-stage process of cold plasma coupled with Ga-modified hierarchical H-ZSM-5(Ga/Hie-ZSM-5)catalyst for polyolefins upgrading was designed with polyolefins followed by the catalysts within the plasma region,which facilitated the upcycling of polyolefins to light olefins and CO_(2)activation by plasma,and thereby the enhanced synergy between cold plasma and catalysts for aromatics production.At an input power of ca.45 W without external heating,the low-density polyethylene(LDPE)waste was completely converted with the assistance of CO_(2)and the yield of oil products over the Ga/Hie-ZSM-5 catalyst was highly up to 62.2 wt%,with nearly 100% selectivity of aromatics.Meanwhile,the degradation efficiency of LDPE and the energy efficiency could reach 2.5 g_(LDPE)·g_(cat)^(-1)·h^(-1)and 55.56 g_(LDPE)·g_(cat)^(-1)·kW^(-1)h^(-1),respectively.Mechanism investigation revealed that the plasma and CO_(2)synergistically affect the primary cracking of LDPE,forming a primary product enriched in olefins and a small amount of CO.Subsequently,the produced olefins intermediates were further aromatized via cyclizationdehydrogenation route on the Ga/Hie-ZSM-5 catalyst with assistance of CO_(2)under the synergistic effect of plasma-catalysis.This work offers a feasible strategy to improve the yield of aromatic products for the plasma-catalytic upcycling of polyolefins and CO_(2)at ambient pressure without any external heating.展开更多
We simulate the optical search for the gravitational-wave electromagnetic counterpart of a binary neutron star merger event(i.e.,a kilonova)using the ground based SiTian project prototype telescope with a 5 minute lim...We simulate the optical search for the gravitational-wave electromagnetic counterpart of a binary neutron star merger event(i.e.,a kilonova)using the ground based SiTian project prototype telescope with a 5 minute limiting magnitude of 22.0,triggered by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors during the ongoing O4 run.Our simulations show that an average of 0.17–0.25 kilonova events can be observed over the entire O4 period of2yr in the most optimistic case we set,while no kilonova can be detected in other cases.We note that it is beneficial for SiTian’s kilonova searching to extend the exposure time to gain deeper limiting magnitude despite the rapid decline of kilonova luminosity.展开更多
Tamm plasmon polaritons(TPPs)are localized photonic states at the interface between a metal layer and one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal substrate.Unlike surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),TPPs can be excited by both t...Tamm plasmon polaritons(TPPs)are localized photonic states at the interface between a metal layer and one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal substrate.Unlike surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),TPPs can be excited by both transverse magnetic and electric waves without requiring additional coupling optics.TPPs offer robust color filtering,making them ideal for applications such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)image detectors.However,obtaining a large-area,reversible,and reconfigurable filter remains challenging.This study demonstrates a dynamically reconfigurable reflective color filter by integrating an ultrathin antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))layer with Tamm plasmonic photonic crystals.Reconfigurable tuning was achieved by inducing Sb_(2)S_(3) crystallization and reamorphization via thermal and optical activation,respectively.The material exhibited good stability after multiple switching cycles.The reflectance spectrum can be tuned across the visible range,with a shift of approximately 50 nm by switching Sb_(2)S_(3) between its amorphous and crystalline phases.This phase transition is nonvolatile and substantially minimizes the energy consumption,enhancing efficiency for practical applications.Tamm plasmonic photonic crystals are low-cost and large-scale production,offering a platform for compact color display systems and customizable photonic crystal filters for realistic system integration.展开更多
Recent discovery of high transition temperature superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) has sparked renewed theoretical and experimental interests in unconventional superconductivity. It is crucial to understand the in...Recent discovery of high transition temperature superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) has sparked renewed theoretical and experimental interests in unconventional superconductivity. It is crucial to understand the influence of various factors on its superconductivity. By refining the determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, we characterize the parameter dependence of the superconducting transition temperature within a bilayer Hubbard model, which is sign-problem-free at arbitrary filling. A striking feature of this model is its similarity to the bilayer nickelate-based superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7), where superconductivity emerges from the bilayer NiO_(2) planes.We find that interlayer spin-exchange J is critical to interlayer pairing, and that on-site interaction U contributes negatively to superconductivity at low doping levels but positively at high doping levels. Our findings can provide a reference for the next step in theoretical research on nickelate-based superconductors.展开更多
Lignin-based graphene quantum dots(L-GQDs)serve as a bridge between renewable biomass resources and functional carbon materials.This review begins with the molecular structure of lignin,exploring various synthesis met...Lignin-based graphene quantum dots(L-GQDs)serve as a bridge between renewable biomass resources and functional carbon materials.This review begins with the molecular structure of lignin,exploring various synthesis methods for L-GQDs.The precise elucidation of precursor-structure–property relationships could optimize their performance through the quantitative regulation of lignin unit properties and enable controllable synthesis.We elaborate on the photoluminescence mechanisms and fluorescence modulation strategies of L-GQDs,covering aspects such as structural design,synthesis pathways,and photophysical property optimization.Additionally,the review discusses the application prospects of L-GQDs in biology,energy conversion,and optoelectronics,and highlights the importance of synergistically aligning synthesis strategies with practical on-demand applications.We also propose that research paradigm should focus on in-situ unveiling of nucleation kinetics during L-GQDs formation,photoluminescence mechanism decoding,toxicity regulation to enable green,sustainable and multidisciplinary cutting-edge applications.展开更多
Perovskite semiconductors show great promise as gain media for all-solution-processed single-mode microlasers.However,despite the recent efforts to improve their lasing performance,achieving tunable single-mode microl...Perovskite semiconductors show great promise as gain media for all-solution-processed single-mode microlasers.However,despite the recent efforts to improve their lasing performance,achieving tunable single-mode microlasers remains challenging.In this work,we address this challenge by demonstrating a tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL)employing a tunable gain medium of halide phase-change perovskites-specifically MAPbI_(3) perovskite,sandwiched between two highly reflective mirrors composed of bottom-distributed Bragg reflectors(DBRs).This VCSEL possesses single-mode lasing emission with a low threshold of 23.5μJ cm^(−2) under 160 K,attributed to strong optical confinement in the high-quality(Q)cavity.Upon the phase change of MAPbI_(3) perovskite,both its gain and dielectric constant changes dramatically,enabling a wide(Δλ>9 nm)and temperature-sensitive(0.30 nm K^(−1) rate)spectral tunability of lasing mode in the near-infrared(N-IR)region.The laser displays excellent stability,demonstrating an 80%lifetime of>2.4×107 pulses excitation.Our findings may provide a versatile platform for the next generation of tunable coherent light sources.展开更多
Alcoholysis is one of the most effective methods for recycling polyester plastics.While many researchers claim that both alcohol and polymer reactants are activated simultaneously in the alcoholysis reaction,more reli...Alcoholysis is one of the most effective methods for recycling polyester plastics.While many researchers claim that both alcohol and polymer reactants are activated simultaneously in the alcoholysis reaction,more reliable experimental evidence is needed to fully understand the process,and the catalytic mechanism remains elusive.To address this issue,we proposed a reactant-modulated catalytic depolymerization strategy involving a pre-mixing of alcohol or polylactic acid(PLA)with an organic base catalyst.Through systematic experimental and theoretical investigations,we have confirmed that different intermediates are formed during pre-mixing the catalyst with PLA or methanol,which can either slow down or accelerate the subsequent alcoholysis reaction.By employing the methanol-modulated depolymerization technique,we successfully achieved PLA alcoholysis at temperatures as low as–40℃.We further investigated the solubility and reactivity of different polyesters,including PET,PC,PBS,PBAT,PCL,and PLA,revealing an efficient recycling method for PLA.By optimizing reaction conditions in a continuous flow reactor,we recovered 127.3 g of methyl lactate from 100 g of plastic cups in just 4 h at room temperature.These findings greatly improve our grasp of polyester solvolysis processes and create new opportunities within the plastics sector recycling.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway to generate green hydrogen,which is crucial for the net-zero emission targets.Indirect seawater electrolysis is severely limited by high energy demands and system compl...Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway to generate green hydrogen,which is crucial for the net-zero emission targets.Indirect seawater electrolysis is severely limited by high energy demands and system complexity,while the direct seawater electrolysis bypasses pre-treatment,offering a simpler and more cost-effective solution.However,the chlorine evolution reaction and impurities in the seawater lead to severe corrosion and hinder electrolysis’s efficiency.Herein,we review recent advances in the rational design of chlorine-suppressive catalysts and integrated electrolysis systems architectures for chloride-induced corrosion,with simultaneous enhancement of Faradaic efficiency and reduction of electrolysis’s cost.Furthermore,promising directions are proposed for durable and efficient seawater electrolysis systems.This review provides perspectives for seawater electrolysis toward sustainable energy conversion and environmental protection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301093(to QC)and 22334004(to HY)the Fuzhou University Fund for Testing Precious Equipment,No.2025T038(to QC)。
文摘The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular recanalization treatments such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have achieved some success,reperfusion injury remains a significant contributor to the exacerbation of brain injury.This emphasizes the need for developing neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this type of injury.The purpose of this review was to examine the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of ischemic stroke,covering research progress in nanoparticlebased drug delivery,targeted therapy,and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.Nanobased drug delivery systems offer several advantages compared to traditional therapies,including enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration,prolonged drug circulation time,improved drug stability,and targeted delivery.For example,inorganic nanoparticles,such as those based on CeO_(2),have been widely studied for their strong antioxidant capabilities.Biomimetic nanoparticles,such as those coated with cell membranes,have garnered significant attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting abilities.Nanoparticles can be used to deliver a wide range of neuroprotective agents,such as antioxidants(e.g.,edaravone),anti-inflammatory drugs(e.g.,curcumin),and neurotrophic factors.Nanotechnology significantly enhances the efficacy of these drugs while minimizing adverse reactions.Although nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in animal studies,its clinical application still faces several challenges,including the long-term safety of nanoparticles,the feasibility of large-scale production,quality control,and the ability to predict therapeutic effects in humans.In summary,nanotechnology holds significant promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke.Future research should focus on further exploring the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles,developing multifunctional nanoparticles,and validating their safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials.Moreover,interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for advancing the use of nanotechnology in stroke treatment.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400500 and 2025YFF1502400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92361302,12250001,12535001,and U22A20260)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.BX20230021,2023T160011,and 2024M760068)support from the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young professionalssupport from Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(Grant No.JWZQ20240101002)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program and the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Ice premelting,the formation of a quasi-liquid layer on ice surfaces below the bulk melting point,plays a crucial role in various processes,ranging from glacier dynamics to ice friction and surface chemistry.Despite intensive research,the microscopic structure of the premelting layer and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this work,we studied the temperature-and pressure-dependent structural disordering of crystalline Ih(0001)surface near the onset of premelting on the atomic scale by qPlus-based cryogenic atomic force microscopy.The linear correlation between the density of planar local structure(PLS)and the fraction of disordered surface region showed that the PLS mediated early-stage premelting by serving as a metastable seeding state.Notably,the associated surface disordering is cooperative,extending over an area of roughly~2 nm^(2) around a PLS.We further found a striking structural similarity between the kinetic-trapped regime below the surface crystallization temperature(T_(c))and the premelting-dominated regime above T_(c).As the deposition pressure increased,the characteristic temperature dependence was preserved,with only T_(c) shifting to higher values due to kinetic effects.Finally,we proposed a surface phase diagram for ice Ih(0001)based on our experimental observations.
基金supported by the National Key Basic R&D Program of China via 2023YFA1608303the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0550103)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant Nos.XDB0550000,XDB0550100 and XDB0550102)supported from the Strategic Pioneer Program of the Astronomy Large-Scale Scientific Facility,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Science and Education Integration Funding of University of Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCgrant Nos.12090040,12090041,12090041,12422303,12261141690,and 12403022)。
文摘This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2022.The large field of view,combined with the capability for multi-band photometric observations,enables the Mini-SiTian Array to perform rapid follow-up observations to identify optical counterparts of gravitational waves,capture the early light curves of tidal disruption events and supernovae,and monitor stellar flares,Be star outbursts,and cataclysmic variable stars,although its limiting magnitude is not very deep.By collaborating with the Xinglong2.16 m telescope and leveraging a real-time image processing pipeline,simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations could be performed to reveal their underlying physical mechanisms.The observational and research experience provides critical guidance for the implementation of the full-scale SiTian project in the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2105003,2022YFC2602500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92469103,32400769,32300404)+6 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-111,SAJC202402)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202305AH340007,202301AT070343,202502AA310005)Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory(2025YKZY002)Kunming Science and Technology Bureau(2022SCP007)New Cornerstone Investigator Program from Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202238)Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation(TFJC2023010007)Chinese Academy of Sciences and World Academy of Sciences(CAS-TWAS)President’s Fellowship Program(2019A8010415001)。
文摘Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.This study presents a structure-function approach to antimicrobial peptide(AMP)design through the strategic integration of a cationic backbone with a hydrophobic core.This dual-domain architecture enables robust hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions,promoting spontaneous self-assembly and efficient membrane engagement.The lead peptide,Tryptolycin(TRPY),formed stable,monodisperse nanoparticles and demonstrated broad-spectrum bactericidal activity,with minimum inhibitory concentrations≤1μmol/L against multiple strains of MRSA and K.pneumoniae,while exerting minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells.TRPY achieved rapid bacterial elimination,eradicating 99.9%of both planktonic and persister populations within minutes.Mechanistic investigations revealed that TRPY induced membrane permeabilization,promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and inhibited biofilm formation.In murine infection models,TRPY effectively eradicated established infections,reducing bacterial burden across target organs by 3-to 5-fold without significant cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations.Collectively,these findings establish TRPY as a promising therapeutic agent for clinical translation in the treatment of refractory bacterial infections.
文摘The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1200101 and 2021YFA1200104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21635005,21890741,22174134,and 22474133)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-054).
文摘Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed and controlled with unprecedented spatial,temporal,and chemical resolution.In this review,we present an integrated framework that pro-gresses from fundamental mechanisms to analytical technologies and functional modulation.We begin by outlining elec-tron transfer pathways in mitochondrial respiration,microbial extracellular electron transfer,and DNA-and protein-based charge conduction,followed by the principles of photon-electron conversion in photosynthesis and the central role of redox equilibrium in coordinating cellular responses.We then highlight electrochemical analytical strategies that enable multiscale biological characterization,including biosensing,electrochemical and scanning probe imaging,electrogenerated chemilu-minescence detection,and measurements of membrane potentials and neurotransmitter dynamics.Emerging platforms such as flexible biointerfaces,ultramicroelectrodes,and nanopore systems further extend these capabilities to in vivo and single-molecule contexts.Finally,we discuss how electrochemical inputs can be used to regulate metabolic pathways,mi-crobial and protein activities,and neural signaling,enabling precision therapeutic and bioengineering applications.Togeth-er,these developments establish electrochemistry as a powerful foundation for decoding and directing biological systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32088102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0630103).
文摘Plantshave evolvedvariousmechanismsto interact withmicroorganisms,which help them acquire nutrients from the soil and enhance their tolerance to environmental stresses.One of the most widespread mutualistic interactions is arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,which is formed by 80%-90%of terrestrial plants in association with AM fungi.In AM symbiosis,plants acquire mineral nutrients from the fungi in exchange for fatty acids and sugars that are produced during photosynthesis(Jiang et al.,2017).
基金supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation and the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0016).
文摘Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of both sexes,it is often displayed in a sexually dimorphic manner,with males typically exhibiting higher levels of aggression than females.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z240029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472004)+2 种基金China National Petroleum Corporation-Peking University Strategic Cooperation Project of Fundamental Researchthe New Cornerstone Science Foundationsupport from the Tencent Foundation through the Xplorer Prize.
文摘Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2022YFA1403901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12494594,11888101,12174428,and 12504192)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB28000000)the New Cornerstone Investigator Program,the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Youth Innovation Promotion Association(Grant No.2022YSBR-048)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant No.24LZ1400800).
文摘Systems hosting flat bands offer a powerful platform for exploring strong correlation physics.Theoretically,topological degeneracy arising in systems with non-trivial topological orders on periodic manifolds of non-zero genus can generate ideal flat bands.However,experimental realization of such geometrically engineered systems is very difficult.In this work,we demonstrate that flat planes with strategically patterned hole defects can engineer ideal flat bands.We construct two families of models:singular flat band systems where degeneracy is stabilized by non-contractible loop excitations tied to hole defects and perfectly nested van Hove systems where degeneracy arises from line excitations in momentum space.These models circumvent the need for exotic manifolds while retaining the essential features of topological flat bands.By directly linking defect engineering to degeneracy mechanisms,our results establish a scalable framework for experimentally accessible flat band design.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program under Grant No.2021YFA1400500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.22273029+1 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program under Grant No.NCI202303 and the XPLORER PRIZEthe Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program under Grant No.JWZQ20240101002。
文摘Ultrafast electron sources, which enable high spatiotemporal resolution in time-resolved electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, are receiving increased attention. The most widely used method for achieving ultrafast electron sources involves irradiating metal tips by ultrashort laser pulses, causing electron beam emission via the photoelectric effect [including photon-driven(quantum) or field-driven(classical) emission]. However, the thermionic electrons emission process due to the heating effect of ultrashort lasers, particularly its dynamic aspects, has rarely been addressed in previous studies. In this paper, we improved the signal-to-noise ratio of a two-pulse correlation measurement on the tip electron emission by nearly two orders of magnitude using a delay time modulation method. This allowed us to obtain information on the temperature evolution of hot electrons and phonons in a non-equilibrium state, and to extract characteristic time scales for electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering. Our findings indicate that the thermionic electrons emission, unlike the instantaneous photoelectric effect, causes electron emission to lag behind the laser pulse by tens of picoseconds, thus significantly affecting the detection of ultrafast dynamics of samples. Furthermore, such a lagging effect was found to be sensitive to the local structure of the metal tip, offering new insights into the improved design of ultrafast electron sources.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1506602 and 2021YFA1501102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21932002,22276023,22402019)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602)Liaoning Binhai Laboratory Project(LBLF-202306)。
文摘Cold plasma-assisted catalytic upcycling of polyolefin wastes integrated with CO_(2)into value-added chemicals is a promising solution for mitigating the global carbon emissions and fossil energy crisis,but still challenging due to the complexity of products and low energy efficiency.Given this,a novel one-stage process of cold plasma coupled with Ga-modified hierarchical H-ZSM-5(Ga/Hie-ZSM-5)catalyst for polyolefins upgrading was designed with polyolefins followed by the catalysts within the plasma region,which facilitated the upcycling of polyolefins to light olefins and CO_(2)activation by plasma,and thereby the enhanced synergy between cold plasma and catalysts for aromatics production.At an input power of ca.45 W without external heating,the low-density polyethylene(LDPE)waste was completely converted with the assistance of CO_(2)and the yield of oil products over the Ga/Hie-ZSM-5 catalyst was highly up to 62.2 wt%,with nearly 100% selectivity of aromatics.Meanwhile,the degradation efficiency of LDPE and the energy efficiency could reach 2.5 g_(LDPE)·g_(cat)^(-1)·h^(-1)and 55.56 g_(LDPE)·g_(cat)^(-1)·kW^(-1)h^(-1),respectively.Mechanism investigation revealed that the plasma and CO_(2)synergistically affect the primary cracking of LDPE,forming a primary product enriched in olefins and a small amount of CO.Subsequently,the produced olefins intermediates were further aromatized via cyclizationdehydrogenation route on the Ga/Hie-ZSM-5 catalyst with assistance of CO_(2)under the synergistic effect of plasma-catalysis.This work offers a feasible strategy to improve the yield of aromatic products for the plasma-catalytic upcycling of polyolefins and CO_(2)at ambient pressure without any external heating.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant No.XDB0550103the National Key R&D Program of China Nos.2023YFA1608300+2 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.12422303)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.11988101 and11933004)support from the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program and the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘We simulate the optical search for the gravitational-wave electromagnetic counterpart of a binary neutron star merger event(i.e.,a kilonova)using the ground based SiTian project prototype telescope with a 5 minute limiting magnitude of 22.0,triggered by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors during the ongoing O4 run.Our simulations show that an average of 0.17–0.25 kilonova events can be observed over the entire O4 period of2yr in the most optimistic case we set,while no kilonova can be detected in other cases.We note that it is beneficial for SiTian’s kilonova searching to extend the exposure time to gain deeper limiting magnitude despite the rapid decline of kilonova luminosity.
文摘Tamm plasmon polaritons(TPPs)are localized photonic states at the interface between a metal layer and one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal substrate.Unlike surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),TPPs can be excited by both transverse magnetic and electric waves without requiring additional coupling optics.TPPs offer robust color filtering,making them ideal for applications such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)image detectors.However,obtaining a large-area,reversible,and reconfigurable filter remains challenging.This study demonstrates a dynamically reconfigurable reflective color filter by integrating an ultrathin antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))layer with Tamm plasmonic photonic crystals.Reconfigurable tuning was achieved by inducing Sb_(2)S_(3) crystallization and reamorphization via thermal and optical activation,respectively.The material exhibited good stability after multiple switching cycles.The reflectance spectrum can be tuned across the visible range,with a shift of approximately 50 nm by switching Sb_(2)S_(3) between its amorphous and crystalline phases.This phase transition is nonvolatile and substantially minimizes the energy consumption,enhancing efficiency for practical applications.Tamm plasmonic photonic crystals are low-cost and large-scale production,offering a platform for compact color display systems and customizable photonic crystal filters for realistic system integration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12234016,12174317 for C.Wu,and 12474218 for R.Ma,Z.Fan,and T.Ma)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1242022 for R.Ma,Z.Fan,and T.Ma)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘Recent discovery of high transition temperature superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) has sparked renewed theoretical and experimental interests in unconventional superconductivity. It is crucial to understand the influence of various factors on its superconductivity. By refining the determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, we characterize the parameter dependence of the superconducting transition temperature within a bilayer Hubbard model, which is sign-problem-free at arbitrary filling. A striking feature of this model is its similarity to the bilayer nickelate-based superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7), where superconductivity emerges from the bilayer NiO_(2) planes.We find that interlayer spin-exchange J is critical to interlayer pairing, and that on-site interaction U contributes negatively to superconductivity at low doping levels but positively at high doping levels. Our findings can provide a reference for the next step in theoretical research on nickelate-based superconductors.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208376,UA22A20429)Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2024QB175,ZR2023LFG005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.25CX07002A).
文摘Lignin-based graphene quantum dots(L-GQDs)serve as a bridge between renewable biomass resources and functional carbon materials.This review begins with the molecular structure of lignin,exploring various synthesis methods for L-GQDs.The precise elucidation of precursor-structure–property relationships could optimize their performance through the quantitative regulation of lignin unit properties and enable controllable synthesis.We elaborate on the photoluminescence mechanisms and fluorescence modulation strategies of L-GQDs,covering aspects such as structural design,synthesis pathways,and photophysical property optimization.Additionally,the review discusses the application prospects of L-GQDs in biology,energy conversion,and optoelectronics,and highlights the importance of synergistically aligning synthesis strategies with practical on-demand applications.We also propose that research paradigm should focus on in-situ unveiling of nucleation kinetics during L-GQDs formation,photoluminescence mechanism decoding,toxicity regulation to enable green,sustainable and multidisciplinary cutting-edge applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0714504,2019YFA0709100 to T.C.)the program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105054 to T.C.)+1 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation(AoE/P502/20 to S.Z.)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17315522 to S.Z.).
文摘Perovskite semiconductors show great promise as gain media for all-solution-processed single-mode microlasers.However,despite the recent efforts to improve their lasing performance,achieving tunable single-mode microlasers remains challenging.In this work,we address this challenge by demonstrating a tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL)employing a tunable gain medium of halide phase-change perovskites-specifically MAPbI_(3) perovskite,sandwiched between two highly reflective mirrors composed of bottom-distributed Bragg reflectors(DBRs).This VCSEL possesses single-mode lasing emission with a low threshold of 23.5μJ cm^(−2) under 160 K,attributed to strong optical confinement in the high-quality(Q)cavity.Upon the phase change of MAPbI_(3) perovskite,both its gain and dielectric constant changes dramatically,enabling a wide(Δλ>9 nm)and temperature-sensitive(0.30 nm K^(−1) rate)spectral tunability of lasing mode in the near-infrared(N-IR)region.The laser displays excellent stability,demonstrating an 80%lifetime of>2.4×107 pulses excitation.Our findings may provide a versatile platform for the next generation of tunable coherent light sources.
文摘Alcoholysis is one of the most effective methods for recycling polyester plastics.While many researchers claim that both alcohol and polymer reactants are activated simultaneously in the alcoholysis reaction,more reliable experimental evidence is needed to fully understand the process,and the catalytic mechanism remains elusive.To address this issue,we proposed a reactant-modulated catalytic depolymerization strategy involving a pre-mixing of alcohol or polylactic acid(PLA)with an organic base catalyst.Through systematic experimental and theoretical investigations,we have confirmed that different intermediates are formed during pre-mixing the catalyst with PLA or methanol,which can either slow down or accelerate the subsequent alcoholysis reaction.By employing the methanol-modulated depolymerization technique,we successfully achieved PLA alcoholysis at temperatures as low as–40℃.We further investigated the solubility and reactivity of different polyesters,including PET,PC,PBS,PBAT,PCL,and PLA,revealing an efficient recycling method for PLA.By optimizing reaction conditions in a continuous flow reactor,we recovered 127.3 g of methyl lactate from 100 g of plastic cups in just 4 h at room temperature.These findings greatly improve our grasp of polyester solvolysis processes and create new opportunities within the plastics sector recycling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208376,UA22A20429)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2024QB175,ZR2023LFG005)+1 种基金Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program(No.230804132140429).
文摘Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway to generate green hydrogen,which is crucial for the net-zero emission targets.Indirect seawater electrolysis is severely limited by high energy demands and system complexity,while the direct seawater electrolysis bypasses pre-treatment,offering a simpler and more cost-effective solution.However,the chlorine evolution reaction and impurities in the seawater lead to severe corrosion and hinder electrolysis’s efficiency.Herein,we review recent advances in the rational design of chlorine-suppressive catalysts and integrated electrolysis systems architectures for chloride-induced corrosion,with simultaneous enhancement of Faradaic efficiency and reduction of electrolysis’s cost.Furthermore,promising directions are proposed for durable and efficient seawater electrolysis systems.This review provides perspectives for seawater electrolysis toward sustainable energy conversion and environmental protection.
