Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unpr...Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unprecedented complexity,particularly in the post-COVID-19 era.This review synthesizes evidence from the past decade(2015-2024)to systematically elucidate how key environmental drivers modulate pathogen emergence,transmission dynamics,and clinical outcomes,with a focus on underlying mechanistic pathways.Specifically,we highlight:(1)the temperature-and precipitation-dependent transmission of vector-borne diseases(e.g.,malaria,dengue)via expanded vector habitats and accelerated pathogen incubation;(2)the exacerbation of respiratory infections(including COVID-19)by particulate matter(PM2.5)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)through impaired mucosal immunity and enhanced inflammatory responses;(3)the persistence of diarrheal diseases in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)linked to water insecurity and climate-induced infrastructure failure;and(4)zoonotic spillover risks amplified by urbanization and deforestation-driven human-wildlife interface disruption.Integrating the One Health socioecological framework,we further summarize methodological advances from high-resolution genomic surveillance to climate-informed machine learning models that have improved causal inference and predictive accuracy.Our synthesis confirms that environmental factors are not merely contextual but central,modifiable determinants of infectious disease risk,with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations.To mitigate future threats,we emphasize the urgency of interdisciplinary collaboration,integrated environmental-health monitoring platforms,and climate-resilient public health policies tailored to post-pandemic challenges.This review provides a timely roadmap for translating environmental epidemiology insights into actionable strategies to strengthen global health resilience.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is still no consensus on which concentration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to use for promoting fracture healing in a rat model of long bone fracture.AIM To assess the optimal concentration of MSCs f...BACKGROUND There is still no consensus on which concentration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to use for promoting fracture healing in a rat model of long bone fracture.AIM To assess the optimal concentration of MSCs for promoting fracture healing in a rat model.METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to MSC concentrations:Normal saline(C),2.5×10^(6)(L),5.0×10^(6)(M),and 10.0×10^(6)(H)groups.The MSCs were injected directly into the fracture site.The rats were sacrificed at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture.New bone formation[bone volume(BV)and percentage BV(PBV)]was evaluated using micro-computed tomography(CT).Histological analysis was performed to evaluate fracture healing score.The protein expression of factors related to MSC migration[stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)]and angiogenesis[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]was evaluated using western blot analysis.The expression of cytokines associated with osteogenesis[bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),TGF-β1 and VEGF]was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS Micro-CT showed that BV and PBV was significantly increased in groups M and H compared to that in group C at 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.040,P=0.009;P=0.004,P=0.001,respectively).Significantly more cartilaginous tissue and immature bone were formed in groups M and H than in group C at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.018,P=0.010;P=0.032,P=0.050,respectively).At 2 wk post fracture,SDF-1,TGF-β1 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group L(P=0.031,P=0.014;P<0.001,P<0.001;P=0.025,P<0.001,respectively).BMP-2 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group C at 6 wk postfracture(P=0.037,P=0.038;P=0.021,P=0.010).Compared to group L,TGF-β1 expression was significantly higher in groups H(P=0.016).There were no significant differences in expression levels of chemokines related to MSC migration,angiogenesis and cytokines associated with osteogenesis between M and H groups at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture.CONCLUSION The administration of at least 5.0×10^(6)MSCs was optimal to promote fracture healing in a rat model of long bone fractures.展开更多
CdO(cadmium oxide)nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet-visible zone.A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds.Aryl mercaptan com...CdO(cadmium oxide)nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet-visible zone.A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds.Aryl mercaptan compounds cause aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA(eoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid)and hence,lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 nm and emerge a new peak at higher wavelength.In the current project,this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to investigate interaction time between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles.The results showed that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles.Therefore,a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain lengths using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.展开更多
Objective:Accurate assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)disease activity is critical.Most indices used are based on the frequency of clinical manifestations and laboratory results,however,indices with higher...Objective:Accurate assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)disease activity is critical.Most indices used are based on the frequency of clinical manifestations and laboratory results,however,indices with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed.This study explored the relationship between the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score as well as the role of TWEAK in guiding the glucocorticoid dosage in SLE treatment.Methods:This study was performed at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 31,2018 to July 31,2019,and involved 131 patients with SLE,34 with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus(SCLE),22 with discoid lupus erythematosus(DLE),and 32 healthy volunteers.The serum and urinary TWEAK levels were determined.Monomeric C-reactive protein(mCRP),anti-dsDNA IgG,antinuclear antibody(ANA),complements in serum,and urinary albumin level were measured.The SLEDAI 2000(SLEDAI-2K)was used to evaluate disease activity.The correlation of the SLEDAI-2K score with all biomarkers was determined.Methylprednisolone was orally administered to patients with SLE depending on the serum level of TWEAK.Bonferroni test or two-tailed Student’s t test was used to compare statistical differences between two groups.The chi-square test was used for sex-related comparisons.Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between two parameters.Results:Serum TWEAK levels were higher in patients with SLE(250.02±21.84 pg/mL)or SCLE(74.52±12.78 pg/mL)than in patients with DLE(14.55±3.10 pg/mL)or healthy controls(6.64±1.17 pg/mL)(all P<0.05).The serum TWEAK level was positively correlated with the SLEDAI-2K score in patients with SLE(R2=0.36,P<0.001),and had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.603 among all of the biomarkers.Moreover,TWEAK-based glucocorticoid therapy was associated with lower SLEDAI-2K scores,better tapering of glucocorticoid doses,and fewer lupus flares in patients with SLE.Conclusions:Serum TWEAK is a useful biomarker reflecting SLE disease activity.Monitoring of the serum TWEAK level may improve the outcomes of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with SLE.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of baicalein on polymicrobial sepsis-induced immune dysfunction and organ injury.Methods:A sepsis model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via caecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Spec...Objective:To investigate the effect of baicalein on polymicrobial sepsis-induced immune dysfunction and organ injury.Methods:A sepsis model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via caecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Specific pathogen free rats were randomly divided into a sham group,CLP group and CLP+baicalein(Bai)group(n=16 each).Rats in the CLP+Bai group were intravenously injected with baicalein(20 mg/kg)at 1 and10 h after CLP.Survival rate,bacterial load,and organ damage were assessed.Then each group was evaluated at 6,12,and 24 h to investigate the effect of baicalein on immune cells and inflammatory cytokines in septic rats.Results:Baicalein treatment significantly improved the survival of septic rats,decreased the bacterial burden,and moderated tissue damage(spleen,liver,and lung),as observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining.Septic rats treated with baicalein had strikingly increased proportions of CD3^(+)CD4^(+)T cells and ratios of CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen(all P<0.05).Moreover,baicalein treatment decreased the apoptotic rate of whole white blood cells and spleen cells at 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).Baicalein significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-6(IL-6)and increased IL-10,and the expression levels of galectin 9 were also raised in the spleen(P<0.01).Conclusion:Baicalein may be an effective immunomodulator that attenuates overwhelming inflammatory responses in severe abdominal sepsis.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities in...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The brains of individuals who suffer from both diseases simultaneously might be different compared to healthy individuals.This review assessed current neuroimaging findings to develop alternative targeted treatments for T2DM and SD.Relevant articles published between Jan-uary 2002 and September 2021 were searched in PubMed and Web of Science databases.Generalized treatment methods for T2DM include dietary/weight-loss management,metformin or a combination of two non-insulin drugs,and melatonin for SD,though alternative therapies including electroacupuncture(EA)have been utilized in treating both of these diseases separately because they are convenient,affordable,and safe.Standard and al-ternative treatments for T2DM were somehow effective in treating SD.Neuroimaging studies of these disorders can achieve higher treatment efficacy by targeting brain areas,such as the hypothalamus(HYP),as visualized via diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).DTI and fMRI can map the human brain and are utilized in many experiments.Thus,we propose that neuroimaging studies could be used in treatment of SD in T2DM.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China[2023-JC-QN-0858]the Free Exploration Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Xi’an Jiaotong University[2020YJ(ZYTS)605]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81900620].
文摘Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unprecedented complexity,particularly in the post-COVID-19 era.This review synthesizes evidence from the past decade(2015-2024)to systematically elucidate how key environmental drivers modulate pathogen emergence,transmission dynamics,and clinical outcomes,with a focus on underlying mechanistic pathways.Specifically,we highlight:(1)the temperature-and precipitation-dependent transmission of vector-borne diseases(e.g.,malaria,dengue)via expanded vector habitats and accelerated pathogen incubation;(2)the exacerbation of respiratory infections(including COVID-19)by particulate matter(PM2.5)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)through impaired mucosal immunity and enhanced inflammatory responses;(3)the persistence of diarrheal diseases in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)linked to water insecurity and climate-induced infrastructure failure;and(4)zoonotic spillover risks amplified by urbanization and deforestation-driven human-wildlife interface disruption.Integrating the One Health socioecological framework,we further summarize methodological advances from high-resolution genomic surveillance to climate-informed machine learning models that have improved causal inference and predictive accuracy.Our synthesis confirms that environmental factors are not merely contextual but central,modifiable determinants of infectious disease risk,with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations.To mitigate future threats,we emphasize the urgency of interdisciplinary collaboration,integrated environmental-health monitoring platforms,and climate-resilient public health policies tailored to post-pandemic challenges.This review provides a timely roadmap for translating environmental epidemiology insights into actionable strategies to strengthen global health resilience.
基金the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea,No.HI20C1405。
文摘BACKGROUND There is still no consensus on which concentration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to use for promoting fracture healing in a rat model of long bone fracture.AIM To assess the optimal concentration of MSCs for promoting fracture healing in a rat model.METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to MSC concentrations:Normal saline(C),2.5×10^(6)(L),5.0×10^(6)(M),and 10.0×10^(6)(H)groups.The MSCs were injected directly into the fracture site.The rats were sacrificed at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture.New bone formation[bone volume(BV)and percentage BV(PBV)]was evaluated using micro-computed tomography(CT).Histological analysis was performed to evaluate fracture healing score.The protein expression of factors related to MSC migration[stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)]and angiogenesis[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]was evaluated using western blot analysis.The expression of cytokines associated with osteogenesis[bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),TGF-β1 and VEGF]was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS Micro-CT showed that BV and PBV was significantly increased in groups M and H compared to that in group C at 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.040,P=0.009;P=0.004,P=0.001,respectively).Significantly more cartilaginous tissue and immature bone were formed in groups M and H than in group C at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture(P=0.018,P=0.010;P=0.032,P=0.050,respectively).At 2 wk post fracture,SDF-1,TGF-β1 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group L(P=0.031,P=0.014;P<0.001,P<0.001;P=0.025,P<0.001,respectively).BMP-2 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group C at 6 wk postfracture(P=0.037,P=0.038;P=0.021,P=0.010).Compared to group L,TGF-β1 expression was significantly higher in groups H(P=0.016).There were no significant differences in expression levels of chemokines related to MSC migration,angiogenesis and cytokines associated with osteogenesis between M and H groups at 2 and 6 wk post-fracture.CONCLUSION The administration of at least 5.0×10^(6)MSCs was optimal to promote fracture healing in a rat model of long bone fractures.
文摘CdO(cadmium oxide)nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet-visible zone.A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds.Aryl mercaptan compounds cause aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA(eoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid)and hence,lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 nm and emerge a new peak at higher wavelength.In the current project,this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to investigate interaction time between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles.The results showed that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles.Therefore,a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain lengths using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82003367 and 81874241)the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2020ZDLSF02-08).
文摘Objective:Accurate assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)disease activity is critical.Most indices used are based on the frequency of clinical manifestations and laboratory results,however,indices with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed.This study explored the relationship between the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score as well as the role of TWEAK in guiding the glucocorticoid dosage in SLE treatment.Methods:This study was performed at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 31,2018 to July 31,2019,and involved 131 patients with SLE,34 with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus(SCLE),22 with discoid lupus erythematosus(DLE),and 32 healthy volunteers.The serum and urinary TWEAK levels were determined.Monomeric C-reactive protein(mCRP),anti-dsDNA IgG,antinuclear antibody(ANA),complements in serum,and urinary albumin level were measured.The SLEDAI 2000(SLEDAI-2K)was used to evaluate disease activity.The correlation of the SLEDAI-2K score with all biomarkers was determined.Methylprednisolone was orally administered to patients with SLE depending on the serum level of TWEAK.Bonferroni test or two-tailed Student’s t test was used to compare statistical differences between two groups.The chi-square test was used for sex-related comparisons.Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between two parameters.Results:Serum TWEAK levels were higher in patients with SLE(250.02±21.84 pg/mL)or SCLE(74.52±12.78 pg/mL)than in patients with DLE(14.55±3.10 pg/mL)or healthy controls(6.64±1.17 pg/mL)(all P<0.05).The serum TWEAK level was positively correlated with the SLEDAI-2K score in patients with SLE(R2=0.36,P<0.001),and had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.603 among all of the biomarkers.Moreover,TWEAK-based glucocorticoid therapy was associated with lower SLEDAI-2K scores,better tapering of glucocorticoid doses,and fewer lupus flares in patients with SLE.Conclusions:Serum TWEAK is a useful biomarker reflecting SLE disease activity.Monitoring of the serum TWEAK level may improve the outcomes of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with SLE.
基金Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(No.IRT1171)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of baicalein on polymicrobial sepsis-induced immune dysfunction and organ injury.Methods:A sepsis model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via caecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Specific pathogen free rats were randomly divided into a sham group,CLP group and CLP+baicalein(Bai)group(n=16 each).Rats in the CLP+Bai group were intravenously injected with baicalein(20 mg/kg)at 1 and10 h after CLP.Survival rate,bacterial load,and organ damage were assessed.Then each group was evaluated at 6,12,and 24 h to investigate the effect of baicalein on immune cells and inflammatory cytokines in septic rats.Results:Baicalein treatment significantly improved the survival of septic rats,decreased the bacterial burden,and moderated tissue damage(spleen,liver,and lung),as observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining.Septic rats treated with baicalein had strikingly increased proportions of CD3^(+)CD4^(+)T cells and ratios of CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the peripheral blood and spleen(all P<0.05).Moreover,baicalein treatment decreased the apoptotic rate of whole white blood cells and spleen cells at 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).Baicalein significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-6(IL-6)and increased IL-10,and the expression levels of galectin 9 were also raised in the spleen(P<0.01).Conclusion:Baicalein may be an effective immunomodulator that attenuates overwhelming inflammatory responses in severe abdominal sepsis.
基金This article is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172023)a Personal Fellowship(Grant No.87679215)Start-Up Budget(Grant No.82668428).
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The brains of individuals who suffer from both diseases simultaneously might be different compared to healthy individuals.This review assessed current neuroimaging findings to develop alternative targeted treatments for T2DM and SD.Relevant articles published between Jan-uary 2002 and September 2021 were searched in PubMed and Web of Science databases.Generalized treatment methods for T2DM include dietary/weight-loss management,metformin or a combination of two non-insulin drugs,and melatonin for SD,though alternative therapies including electroacupuncture(EA)have been utilized in treating both of these diseases separately because they are convenient,affordable,and safe.Standard and al-ternative treatments for T2DM were somehow effective in treating SD.Neuroimaging studies of these disorders can achieve higher treatment efficacy by targeting brain areas,such as the hypothalamus(HYP),as visualized via diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).DTI and fMRI can map the human brain and are utilized in many experiments.Thus,we propose that neuroimaging studies could be used in treatment of SD in T2DM.
