Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequat...Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.展开更多
Physician well-being is vital to delivering high-quality emergency care.A supported and healthy emergency medicine workforce leads to better patient outcomes,fewer medical errors,and greater job satisfaction and staff...Physician well-being is vital to delivering high-quality emergency care.A supported and healthy emergency medicine workforce leads to better patient outcomes,fewer medical errors,and greater job satisfaction and staff retention.[1,2]Emergency physicians(EPs)face unique pressures,including shift work,high patient volumes and acuities,overcrowding,and systemic inefficiencies that escalate their risk of burnout.As a result,EPs have reported the highest rates of burnout among physician specialties.展开更多
This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 emp...This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is typically treated with immunomodulators and steroids.However,some patients are refractory to these treatments,necessitating alternative approaches.Biological therapies have recen...BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is typically treated with immunomodulators and steroids.However,some patients are refractory to these treatments,necessitating alternative approaches.Biological therapies have recently been explored for these difficult cases.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of biologics in AIH,focusing on patients unresponsive to standard treatments and evaluating outcomes such as serological markers and histological remission.METHODS A case-based systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biological therapies in AIH.The primary focus was on serological improvement and histological remission.The secondary focus was on assessing therapy safety and additional outcomes.A standardized search command was applied to MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies.Inclusion criteria encompassed adult AIH patients treated with biologics.Data were analyzed based on demographics,prior treatments,and therapy-related outcomes.A narrative synthesis was employed to address biases and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence.RESULTS A total of 352 studies were reviewed,with 30 selected for detailed analysis.Key findings revealed that Belimumab led to a favourable response in five out of eight AIH patients across two studies.Rituximab demonstrated high efficacy,with 41 out of 45 patients showing significant improvement across six studies.Basiliximab was assessed in a single study,where the sole patient treated experienced a beneficial outcome.Additionally,a notable number of AIH cases were induced by anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)medications,including 16 cases associated with infliximab and four cases with adalimumab.All these cases showed improvement upon withdrawal of the biologic agent.CONCLUSION Belimumab and Rituximab show promise as effective alternatives for managing refractory AIH,demonstrating significant improvements in clinical outcomes and liver function.However,the variability in patient responses to different therapies highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies.The risk of AIH induced by anti-TNF therapies underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt symptom recognition.These findings support the incorporation of biologic agents into AIH treatment protocols,particularly for patients who do not respond to conventional therapies.展开更多
Accurate prediction of water level changes in reservoirs is crucial for optimizing the operation of reservoir projects and ensuring their safety.This study proposed a method for reservoir water level prediction based ...Accurate prediction of water level changes in reservoirs is crucial for optimizing the operation of reservoir projects and ensuring their safety.This study proposed a method for reservoir water level prediction based on CEEMDAN-FE and RUN-SVM-RBFNN algorithms.By integrating the adaptive complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)method and fuzzy entropy(FE)with the new and highly efficient Runge–Kuta optimizer(RUN),adaptive parameter optimization for the support vector machine(SVM)and radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)algorithms was achieved.Regression prediction was conducted on the two reconstructed sequences using SVM and RBFNN according to their respective features.This approach improved the accuracy and stability of predictions.In terms of accuracy,the combined model outperformed single models,with the determination coefficient,root mean square error,and mean absolute error values of 0.9975,0.2418 m,and 0.1616 m,respectively.In terms of stability,the model predicted more consistently in training and testing periods,with stable overall prediction accuracy and a better adaptive ability to complex datasets.The case study demonstrated that the combined prediction model effectively addressed the environmental factors affecting reservoir water levels,leveraged the strength of each predictive method,compensated for their limitations,and clarified the impacts of environmental factors on reservoir water levels.展开更多
To enhance the hydrophilicity and antistatic properties of the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)fabric,the lawsone dye was employed in dyeing the PET fabric.It was dissolved in ethanol/deionized water mixture and deioni...To enhance the hydrophilicity and antistatic properties of the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)fabric,the lawsone dye was employed in dyeing the PET fabric.It was dissolved in ethanol/deionized water mixture and deionized water separately,forming different lawsone dye solutions(LDSs).The study investigated how the compounds in the LDS improve the surface properties and color durability of the PET fabric,resulting in increased dye uptake.An infrared dyeing machine was utilized to expedite the reactions between the lawsone dye and the PET fabric.Additionally,the chemical composition of the dyed PET fabric was verified using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectrophotometry.The K/S value was measured to assess color durability.After dyeing,the PET fabric exhibited high hydrophilicity which improved the hygroscopicity of the PET fabric and thus the conductivity of the PET fabric surface increased,thereby providing an antistatic effect.展开更多
When the expressway crosses the goafs inevitably,the design is generally to build the road on coal pillars as much as possible.However,the existing coal pillars are often unable to meet relevant requirements of highwa...When the expressway crosses the goafs inevitably,the design is generally to build the road on coal pillars as much as possible.However,the existing coal pillars are often unable to meet relevant requirements of highway construction.Combining three-dimensional physical model tests,numerical simulations and field monitoring,with the Urumqi East Second Ring Road passing through acute inclined goafs as a background,the deformation and failure mechanism of the overlying rock and coal pillars in acute inclined goafs under expressway load were studied.And in accordance with construction requirements of subgrade,comprehensive consideration of the deformation and instability mechanism of acute inclined goafs,the treatment measures and suggestions for this type of geological disasters were put forward.The research results confirmed the rationality of coal pillars in acute inclined goafs under the expressway through grouting.According to the ratio of diff erent overlying rock thickness to coal pillar height,the change trend and value of the required grouting range were summarized,which can provide reference for similar projects.展开更多
Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm.While this approach allows models to specialize in speci...Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm.While this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs,the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader deployment.Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning(PEFT)techniques,such as Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA),and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational efficiency.Among these,QLoRA,which combines PEFT and quantization,has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning,prompting the development of various QLoRA variants.Despite these advancements,the quantitative impact of key variables on the fine-tuning performance of quantized LLMs remains underexplored.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these key variables,focusing on their influence across different layer types and depths within LLM architectures.Our investigation uncovers several critical findings:(1)Larger layers,such as MLP layers,can maintain performance despite reductions in adapter rank,while smaller layers,like self-attention layers,aremore sensitive to such changes;(2)The effectiveness of balancing factors depends more on specific values rather than layer type or depth;(3)In quantization-aware fine-tuning,larger layers can effectively utilize smaller adapters,whereas smaller layers struggle to do so.These insights suggest that layer type is a more significant determinant of fine-tuning success than layer depth when optimizing quantized LLMs.Moreover,for the same discount of trainable parameters,reducing the trainable parameters in a larger layer is more effective in preserving fine-tuning accuracy than in a smaller one.This study provides valuable guidance for more efficient fine-tuning strategies and opens avenues for further research into optimizing LLM fine-tuning in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
During underground excavation,the surrounding rock mass is subjected to complex cyclic stress,significantly impacting its long-term stability,especially under varying water content conditions where this effect is ampl...During underground excavation,the surrounding rock mass is subjected to complex cyclic stress,significantly impacting its long-term stability,especially under varying water content conditions where this effect is amplified.However,research on the mechanical response mechanisms of surrounding rock mass under such conditions remains inadequate.This study utilized acoustic emission(AE)and resistivity testing to monitor rock fracture changes,revealing the rock’s damage state and characterizing the damage evolution process during uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading.First,a damage variable equation was established based on AE and resistivity parameters,leading to the derivation of a corresponding damage constitutive equation.Uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were then conducted on sandstone samples with varying water contents,continuously monitoring AE signals and resistivity,along with computed tomography scans before and after failure.The predictions from the damage constitutive equation were compared with experimental results.This comparison shows that the proposed damage variable equation effectively characterizes the damage evolution of sandstone during loading and unloading,and that the constitutive equation closely fits the experimental data.This study provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and assessing the responses of surrounding rock mass during underground excavation.展开更多
This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is e...This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is employed to analyze the stability of 3D anisotropic soil slopes.The accuracy of the proposed method is first verified against the data in the literature.We then simulate the 3D soil slope with a straight slope surface and the convex and concave slope surfaces with a 90turning corner to study the 3D effect on slope stability and the failure mechanism under anisotropy conditions.Based on our numerical results,the end effect significantly impacts the failure mechanism and safety factor.Anisotropy degree notably affects the safety factor,with higher degrees leading to deeper landslides.For concave slopes,they can be approximated by straight slopes with suitable boundary conditions to assess their stability.Furthermore,a case study of the Saint-Alban test embankment A in Quebec,Canada,is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed FE model.展开更多
The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subjec...The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subject to the principles of TD(Thermodynamics),thus allowing the adoption of actions that are all the more effective the more complete the evaluation of the social dimension has been.This involves a new“Way of thinking”which sees the sludge system as the“Locomotive”of the entire wastewater/sludge treatment train and is developed through“Ways of acting”which includes both“Technical”actions to maximize recoveries of useful materials and/or or energy,and“Socio/Institutional”actions to overcome barriers linked to local cultures and traditions,also considering that the specific local context heavily influences the choices capable of satisfying the concepts of CE.It follows the need of issuing realistic and applicable regulations and overcoming social barriers,such as lack of infrastructure and/or qualified personnel,to achieve an effective integration of the concepts of CE with the more general ones of sustainability.展开更多
During extensive gully land consolidation projects on China's Loess Plateau,many loess-bedrock fill slopes were formed,which frequently experience shallow landslides induced by rainfall.However,studies on loess-be...During extensive gully land consolidation projects on China's Loess Plateau,many loess-bedrock fill slopes were formed,which frequently experience shallow landslides induced by rainfall.However,studies on loess-bedrock slope failure triggered by continuous heavy rainfall are limited,and the role of the soilerock interface between the original bedrock slope and fill slope in the hydrological and failure process of the slope remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a continuous rainfall model test on a loess-bedrock fill slope.During the test,the responses of volume water content,pore pressure,micro deformation,and movement of the infiltration front were observed.The hydrological process and failure mechanism were then analysed.The findings suggest that the soilerock interface is a predominant infiltration surface within the slope.Rainfall infiltration rates at the interface reach 1.24-2.80 times those of the fill slope,with peak interfacial pore water pressure exceeding that of the loess fill.Furthermore,the infiltration front moves rapidly along the interface toward the bottom of the slope,reducing interfacial cohesion between bedrock and loess.The slope failure modes are summarised into three phases:local failure→flow slide and crack penetration→multistage block retrogressive slides.The cracks generated at the slope surface serve as key determinants of the geometry and scale of shallow landslides.Therefore,we recommend targeted engineering interventions to mitigate the instability and erosion of loessebedrock fill slopes.展开更多
Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored ...Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021.Then,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general factors.Finally,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target variables.The results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the southern.When the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to occur.At different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point temperature.Additionally,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing temperature.The study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.展开更多
The precise identification of quartz minerals is crucial in mineralogy and geology due to their widespread occurrence and industrial significance.Traditional methods of quartz identification in thin sections are labor...The precise identification of quartz minerals is crucial in mineralogy and geology due to their widespread occurrence and industrial significance.Traditional methods of quartz identification in thin sections are labor-intensive and require significant expertise,often complicated by the coexistence of other minerals.This study presents a novel approach leveraging deep learning techniques combined with hyperspectral imaging to automate the identification process of quartz minerals.The utilizied four advanced deep learning models—PSPNet,U-Net,FPN,and LinkNet—has significant advancements in efficiency and accuracy.Among these models,PSPNet exhibited superior performance,achieving the highest intersection over union(IoU)scores and demonstrating exceptional reliability in segmenting quartz minerals,even in complex scenarios.The study involved a comprehensive dataset of 120 thin sections,encompassing 2470 hyperspectral images prepared from 20 rock samples.Expert-reviewed masks were used for model training,ensuring robust segmentation results.This automated approach not only expedites the recognition process but also enhances reliability,providing a valuable tool for geologists and advancing the field of mineralogical analysis.展开更多
Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the...Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil landslide.The idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was proposed.Model tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide.Surcharge loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different conditions.The simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical method.Under the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope top.The reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k Pa.The displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.展开更多
In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the uniqu...In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the unique deep-water complex oil and gas exploration and development technology system independently developed by China.Remarkable achievements have been made in offshore development,including the commissioning of Deep Sea No.1 PhaseⅡ,the first deep-water high-pressure gas field.Additionally,the establishment of the Daji gas field,the first onshore coal rock gas field with an oil and gas equivalent of one million tons,provides strong support for domestic natural gas production.In terms of infrastructure construction,the entire China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline has been completed,the Xinjiang section of the West Fourth Line is now operational,the Southern Xinjiang Gas Pipeline project has been fully launched,and five new or expanded LNG receiving terminals have been added,increasing the annual receiving capacity by 21.10 million tons.In the field of related equipment manufacturing,China successfully delivered the first vessel of its largest LNG transportation ship construction project,the Greenergy Ocean,and successfully launched its first large-scale floating natural gas liquefaction facility,the NGUYA FLNG.In terms of market supply and demand,natural gas consumption exceeded 400 billion m^(3) for the first time,with apparent consumption reaching 412.43 billion m^(3),an increase of 24.9 billion m^(3) year-on-year,reflecting a growth rate of 6.4%.The total supply reached 424.3 billion m^(3),an increase of 27.5 billion m^(3) year-on-year,with a growth rate of 7.5%.In terms of regulatory policy,China has once again issued a natural gas utilization policy aimed at further guiding the orderly and efficient development of the natural gas market.展开更多
Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country in the G20,with a 2024 GDP of USD 1.35 trillion,accounting for 36% of ASEAN's total.Indonesia has become a key node along the Belt and Road,leveraging the dividends of...Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country in the G20,with a 2024 GDP of USD 1.35 trillion,accounting for 36% of ASEAN's total.Indonesia has become a key node along the Belt and Road,leveraging the dividends of its 281million population,more than 30%of global nickel production capacity,and the promotion of the"2045 Gold Indonesia"strategy.Currently,cooperation between China and Indonesia is extending from traditional infrastructure to new tracks such as"resource downstream,digital economy,and green economy".展开更多
A precious heritage from ancient times,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has renewed its former glory through ecological rehabilitation and cultural preservation over the past decades.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52503154)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2022MB034 and ZR2025QC512)。
文摘Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.
文摘Physician well-being is vital to delivering high-quality emergency care.A supported and healthy emergency medicine workforce leads to better patient outcomes,fewer medical errors,and greater job satisfaction and staff retention.[1,2]Emergency physicians(EPs)face unique pressures,including shift work,high patient volumes and acuities,overcrowding,and systemic inefficiencies that escalate their risk of burnout.As a result,EPs have reported the highest rates of burnout among physician specialties.
文摘This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.
文摘BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is typically treated with immunomodulators and steroids.However,some patients are refractory to these treatments,necessitating alternative approaches.Biological therapies have recently been explored for these difficult cases.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of biologics in AIH,focusing on patients unresponsive to standard treatments and evaluating outcomes such as serological markers and histological remission.METHODS A case-based systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biological therapies in AIH.The primary focus was on serological improvement and histological remission.The secondary focus was on assessing therapy safety and additional outcomes.A standardized search command was applied to MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies.Inclusion criteria encompassed adult AIH patients treated with biologics.Data were analyzed based on demographics,prior treatments,and therapy-related outcomes.A narrative synthesis was employed to address biases and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence.RESULTS A total of 352 studies were reviewed,with 30 selected for detailed analysis.Key findings revealed that Belimumab led to a favourable response in five out of eight AIH patients across two studies.Rituximab demonstrated high efficacy,with 41 out of 45 patients showing significant improvement across six studies.Basiliximab was assessed in a single study,where the sole patient treated experienced a beneficial outcome.Additionally,a notable number of AIH cases were induced by anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)medications,including 16 cases associated with infliximab and four cases with adalimumab.All these cases showed improvement upon withdrawal of the biologic agent.CONCLUSION Belimumab and Rituximab show promise as effective alternatives for managing refractory AIH,demonstrating significant improvements in clinical outcomes and liver function.However,the variability in patient responses to different therapies highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies.The risk of AIH induced by anti-TNF therapies underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt symptom recognition.These findings support the incorporation of biologic agents into AIH treatment protocols,particularly for patients who do not respond to conventional therapies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3005401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52239009)。
文摘Accurate prediction of water level changes in reservoirs is crucial for optimizing the operation of reservoir projects and ensuring their safety.This study proposed a method for reservoir water level prediction based on CEEMDAN-FE and RUN-SVM-RBFNN algorithms.By integrating the adaptive complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)method and fuzzy entropy(FE)with the new and highly efficient Runge–Kuta optimizer(RUN),adaptive parameter optimization for the support vector machine(SVM)and radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)algorithms was achieved.Regression prediction was conducted on the two reconstructed sequences using SVM and RBFNN according to their respective features.This approach improved the accuracy and stability of predictions.In terms of accuracy,the combined model outperformed single models,with the determination coefficient,root mean square error,and mean absolute error values of 0.9975,0.2418 m,and 0.1616 m,respectively.In terms of stability,the model predicted more consistently in training and testing periods,with stable overall prediction accuracy and a better adaptive ability to complex datasets.The case study demonstrated that the combined prediction model effectively addressed the environmental factors affecting reservoir water levels,leveraged the strength of each predictive method,compensated for their limitations,and clarified the impacts of environmental factors on reservoir water levels.
文摘To enhance the hydrophilicity and antistatic properties of the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)fabric,the lawsone dye was employed in dyeing the PET fabric.It was dissolved in ethanol/deionized water mixture and deionized water separately,forming different lawsone dye solutions(LDSs).The study investigated how the compounds in the LDS improve the surface properties and color durability of the PET fabric,resulting in increased dye uptake.An infrared dyeing machine was utilized to expedite the reactions between the lawsone dye and the PET fabric.Additionally,the chemical composition of the dyed PET fabric was verified using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)spectrophotometry.The K/S value was measured to assess color durability.After dyeing,the PET fabric exhibited high hydrophilicity which improved the hygroscopicity of the PET fabric and thus the conductivity of the PET fabric surface increased,thereby providing an antistatic effect.
基金Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A03003-7)Fundamental Research on Natural Science Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JM-180)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(Project for Leading Talents)(300102211302)Tianshan Cedar Plan of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2017XS13)Shaanxi Province Young Talent Lifting Program(CLGC202219).
文摘When the expressway crosses the goafs inevitably,the design is generally to build the road on coal pillars as much as possible.However,the existing coal pillars are often unable to meet relevant requirements of highway construction.Combining three-dimensional physical model tests,numerical simulations and field monitoring,with the Urumqi East Second Ring Road passing through acute inclined goafs as a background,the deformation and failure mechanism of the overlying rock and coal pillars in acute inclined goafs under expressway load were studied.And in accordance with construction requirements of subgrade,comprehensive consideration of the deformation and instability mechanism of acute inclined goafs,the treatment measures and suggestions for this type of geological disasters were put forward.The research results confirmed the rationality of coal pillars in acute inclined goafs under the expressway through grouting.According to the ratio of diff erent overlying rock thickness to coal pillar height,the change trend and value of the required grouting range were summarized,which can provide reference for similar projects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB0301200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62025208).
文摘Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm.While this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs,the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader deployment.Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning(PEFT)techniques,such as Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA),and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational efficiency.Among these,QLoRA,which combines PEFT and quantization,has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning,prompting the development of various QLoRA variants.Despite these advancements,the quantitative impact of key variables on the fine-tuning performance of quantized LLMs remains underexplored.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these key variables,focusing on their influence across different layer types and depths within LLM architectures.Our investigation uncovers several critical findings:(1)Larger layers,such as MLP layers,can maintain performance despite reductions in adapter rank,while smaller layers,like self-attention layers,aremore sensitive to such changes;(2)The effectiveness of balancing factors depends more on specific values rather than layer type or depth;(3)In quantization-aware fine-tuning,larger layers can effectively utilize smaller adapters,whereas smaller layers struggle to do so.These insights suggest that layer type is a more significant determinant of fine-tuning success than layer depth when optimizing quantized LLMs.Moreover,for the same discount of trainable parameters,reducing the trainable parameters in a larger layer is more effective in preserving fine-tuning accuracy than in a smaller one.This study provides valuable guidance for more efficient fine-tuning strategies and opens avenues for further research into optimizing LLM fine-tuning in resource-constrained environments.
基金Projects(52279117,52325905)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(DJ-HXGG-2023-16)supported by the Technology Project of PowerChinaProject(SKLGME-JBGS2401)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,China。
文摘During underground excavation,the surrounding rock mass is subjected to complex cyclic stress,significantly impacting its long-term stability,especially under varying water content conditions where this effect is amplified.However,research on the mechanical response mechanisms of surrounding rock mass under such conditions remains inadequate.This study utilized acoustic emission(AE)and resistivity testing to monitor rock fracture changes,revealing the rock’s damage state and characterizing the damage evolution process during uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading.First,a damage variable equation was established based on AE and resistivity parameters,leading to the derivation of a corresponding damage constitutive equation.Uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were then conducted on sandstone samples with varying water contents,continuously monitoring AE signals and resistivity,along with computed tomography scans before and after failure.The predictions from the damage constitutive equation were compared with experimental results.This comparison shows that the proposed damage variable equation effectively characterizes the damage evolution of sandstone during loading and unloading,and that the constitutive equation closely fits the experimental data.This study provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and assessing the responses of surrounding rock mass during underground excavation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51890912,51979025 and 52011530189).
文摘This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is employed to analyze the stability of 3D anisotropic soil slopes.The accuracy of the proposed method is first verified against the data in the literature.We then simulate the 3D soil slope with a straight slope surface and the convex and concave slope surfaces with a 90turning corner to study the 3D effect on slope stability and the failure mechanism under anisotropy conditions.Based on our numerical results,the end effect significantly impacts the failure mechanism and safety factor.Anisotropy degree notably affects the safety factor,with higher degrees leading to deeper landslides.For concave slopes,they can be approximated by straight slopes with suitable boundary conditions to assess their stability.Furthermore,a case study of the Saint-Alban test embankment A in Quebec,Canada,is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed FE model.
文摘The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subject to the principles of TD(Thermodynamics),thus allowing the adoption of actions that are all the more effective the more complete the evaluation of the social dimension has been.This involves a new“Way of thinking”which sees the sludge system as the“Locomotive”of the entire wastewater/sludge treatment train and is developed through“Ways of acting”which includes both“Technical”actions to maximize recoveries of useful materials and/or or energy,and“Socio/Institutional”actions to overcome barriers linked to local cultures and traditions,also considering that the specific local context heavily influences the choices capable of satisfying the concepts of CE.It follows the need of issuing realistic and applicable regulations and overcoming social barriers,such as lack of infrastructure and/or qualified personnel,to achieve an effective integration of the concepts of CE with the more general ones of sustainability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3008404)the National Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2017YFD0800501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41790443).
文摘During extensive gully land consolidation projects on China's Loess Plateau,many loess-bedrock fill slopes were formed,which frequently experience shallow landslides induced by rainfall.However,studies on loess-bedrock slope failure triggered by continuous heavy rainfall are limited,and the role of the soilerock interface between the original bedrock slope and fill slope in the hydrological and failure process of the slope remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a continuous rainfall model test on a loess-bedrock fill slope.During the test,the responses of volume water content,pore pressure,micro deformation,and movement of the infiltration front were observed.The hydrological process and failure mechanism were then analysed.The findings suggest that the soilerock interface is a predominant infiltration surface within the slope.Rainfall infiltration rates at the interface reach 1.24-2.80 times those of the fill slope,with peak interfacial pore water pressure exceeding that of the loess fill.Furthermore,the infiltration front moves rapidly along the interface toward the bottom of the slope,reducing interfacial cohesion between bedrock and loess.The slope failure modes are summarised into three phases:local failure→flow slide and crack penetration→multistage block retrogressive slides.The cracks generated at the slope surface serve as key determinants of the geometry and scale of shallow landslides.Therefore,we recommend targeted engineering interventions to mitigate the instability and erosion of loessebedrock fill slopes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2022YFC3702000 and 2022YFC3703500)the Key R&D Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2022C03146).
文摘Severe ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution over major Chinese cities has become one of the most challenging problems,which have deleterious effects on human health and the sustainability of society.This study explored the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ground-level O_(3) and its precursors based on conventional pollutant and meteorological monitoring data in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021.Then,a high-performance convolutional neural network(CNN)model was established by expanding the moment and the concentration variations to general factors.Finally,the response mechanism of O_(3) to the variation with crucial influencing factors is explored by controlling variables and interpolating target variables.The results indicated that the annual average MDA8-90th concentrations in Zhejiang Province are higher in the northern and lower in the southern.When the wind direction(WD)ranges from east to southwest and the wind speed(WS)ranges between 2 and 3 m/sec,higher O_(3) concentration prone to occur.At different temperatures(T),the O_(3) concentration showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing NO_(2) concentration,peaks at the NO_(2) concentration around 0.02mg/m^(3).The sensitivity of NO_(2) to O_(3) formation is not easily affected by temperature,barometric pressure and dew point temperature.Additionally,there is a minimum IRNO_(2) at each temperature when the NO_(2) concentration is 0.03 mg/m^(3),and this minimum IRNO_(2) decreases with increasing temperature.The study explores the response mechanism of O_(3) with the change of driving variables,which can provide a scientific foundation and methodological support for the targeted management of O_(3) pollution.
文摘The precise identification of quartz minerals is crucial in mineralogy and geology due to their widespread occurrence and industrial significance.Traditional methods of quartz identification in thin sections are labor-intensive and require significant expertise,often complicated by the coexistence of other minerals.This study presents a novel approach leveraging deep learning techniques combined with hyperspectral imaging to automate the identification process of quartz minerals.The utilizied four advanced deep learning models—PSPNet,U-Net,FPN,and LinkNet—has significant advancements in efficiency and accuracy.Among these models,PSPNet exhibited superior performance,achieving the highest intersection over union(IoU)scores and demonstrating exceptional reliability in segmenting quartz minerals,even in complex scenarios.The study involved a comprehensive dataset of 120 thin sections,encompassing 2470 hyperspectral images prepared from 20 rock samples.Expert-reviewed masks were used for model training,ensuring robust segmentation results.This automated approach not only expedites the recognition process but also enhances reliability,providing a valuable tool for geologists and advancing the field of mineralogical analysis.
基金the financial support from the Fujian Science Foundation for Outstanding Youth(2023J06039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41977259,U2005205,41972268)the Independent Research Project of Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China(KY-090000-04-2022-019)。
文摘Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil landslide.The idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was proposed.Model tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide.Surcharge loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different conditions.The simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical method.Under the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope top.The reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k Pa.The displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.
文摘In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the unique deep-water complex oil and gas exploration and development technology system independently developed by China.Remarkable achievements have been made in offshore development,including the commissioning of Deep Sea No.1 PhaseⅡ,the first deep-water high-pressure gas field.Additionally,the establishment of the Daji gas field,the first onshore coal rock gas field with an oil and gas equivalent of one million tons,provides strong support for domestic natural gas production.In terms of infrastructure construction,the entire China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline has been completed,the Xinjiang section of the West Fourth Line is now operational,the Southern Xinjiang Gas Pipeline project has been fully launched,and five new or expanded LNG receiving terminals have been added,increasing the annual receiving capacity by 21.10 million tons.In the field of related equipment manufacturing,China successfully delivered the first vessel of its largest LNG transportation ship construction project,the Greenergy Ocean,and successfully launched its first large-scale floating natural gas liquefaction facility,the NGUYA FLNG.In terms of market supply and demand,natural gas consumption exceeded 400 billion m^(3) for the first time,with apparent consumption reaching 412.43 billion m^(3),an increase of 24.9 billion m^(3) year-on-year,reflecting a growth rate of 6.4%.The total supply reached 424.3 billion m^(3),an increase of 27.5 billion m^(3) year-on-year,with a growth rate of 7.5%.In terms of regulatory policy,China has once again issued a natural gas utilization policy aimed at further guiding the orderly and efficient development of the natural gas market.
文摘Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country in the G20,with a 2024 GDP of USD 1.35 trillion,accounting for 36% of ASEAN's total.Indonesia has become a key node along the Belt and Road,leveraging the dividends of its 281million population,more than 30%of global nickel production capacity,and the promotion of the"2045 Gold Indonesia"strategy.Currently,cooperation between China and Indonesia is extending from traditional infrastructure to new tracks such as"resource downstream,digital economy,and green economy".
文摘A precious heritage from ancient times,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has renewed its former glory through ecological rehabilitation and cultural preservation over the past decades.
