As maritime activities increase globally,there is a greater dependency on technology in monitoring,control,and surveillance of vessel activity.One of the most prominent systems for monitoring vessel activity is the Au...As maritime activities increase globally,there is a greater dependency on technology in monitoring,control,and surveillance of vessel activity.One of the most prominent systems for monitoring vessel activity is the Automatic Identification System(AIS).An increase in both vessels fitted with AIS transponders and satellite and terrestrial AIS receivers has resulted in a significant increase in AIS messages received globally.This resultant rich spatial and temporal data source related to vessel activity provides analysts with the ability to perform enhanced vessel movement analytics,of which a pertinent example is the improvement of vessel location predictions.In this paper,we propose a novel strategy for predicting future locations of vessels making use of historic AIS data.The proposed method uses a Linear Regression Model(LRM)and utilizes historic AIS movement data in the form of a-priori generated spatial maps of the course over ground(LRMAC).The LRMAC is an accurate low complexity first-order method that is easy to implement operationally and shows promising results in areas where there is a consistency in the directionality of historic vessel movement.In areas where the historic directionality of vessel movement is diverse,such as areas close to harbors and ports,the LRMAC defaults to the LRM.The proposed LRMAC method is compared to the Single-Point Neighbor Search(SPNS),which is also a first-order method and has a similar level of computational complexity,and for the use case of predicting tanker and cargo vessel trajectories up to 8 hours into the future,the LRMAC showed improved results both in terms of prediction accuracy and execution time.展开更多
As cloud service becomes more and more capable, available and powerful, wiseCIO has emerged from an innovative roadmap toward archival Content Management Service (aCMS) and massive Content Delivery Service (mCDS) in s...As cloud service becomes more and more capable, available and powerful, wiseCIO has emerged from an innovative roadmap toward archival Content Management Service (aCMS) and massive Content Delivery Service (mCDS) in support of Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) via Digital Archiving and Transformed Analytics (DATA);DATA aims to automate UBC with FAST solutions throughout a feasible, analytical, scalable and testable approach. This paper, based on the novel wiseCIO (web-based intelligent service engaging Cloud Intelligence Outlet), presents digital archiving and transformed analytics via machine learning automata for intelligent UBC processes to liaise with Universal interface for human-computer interaction, enable Brewing aggregation (differing from traditional web browsing), and engage Centered user experience. As one of the most practical aspects of artificial intelligence, machine learning is applied to analytical model building and massive and/or multidimensional Online Analytical Processing (mOLAP) for more intelligent cloud service with little explicit coding required. DATA is central to useful information via archival transformation and analytics, and utilizable intelligence for Business, Education and Entertainment (iBEE) in support of decision-making. As a result, DATA orchestrates wiseCIO to promote ACTiVE XaaS that enables accessibility, contextuality and traceability of information for vast engagement with various cloud services, such as aCMS (archival Content Management Service), COSA (Context-Oriented Screening Aggregation), DASH (Deliveries Assembled for fast Search and Hits), OLAS (Online Learning via Analytical Synthesis), REAP (Rapid Extension and Active Presentation), and SPOT (Special Points On Top) with great ease.展开更多
We present an incremental network programming mechanism which reprograms wireless sensors quickly by transmitting the incremental changes using the Rsync algorithm;we generate the difference of the two program images ...We present an incremental network programming mechanism which reprograms wireless sensors quickly by transmitting the incremental changes using the Rsync algorithm;we generate the difference of the two program images allowing us to distribute only the key changes. Unlike previous approaches, our design does not assume any prior knowledge of the program code structure and can be applied to any hardware platform. To meet the resource constraints of wireless sensors, we tuned the Rsync algorithm which was originally made for updating binary files among powerful host machines. The sensor node processes the delivery and the decoding of the difference script separately making it easy to extend for multi-hop network programming. We are able to get a speed-up of 9.1 for changing a constant and 2.1 to 2.5 for changing a few lines in the source code.展开更多
In this paper, a novel gesture spotting and recognition technique is proposed to handle hand gesture from continuous hand motion based on Conditional Random Fields in conjunction with Support Vector Machine. Firstly, ...In this paper, a novel gesture spotting and recognition technique is proposed to handle hand gesture from continuous hand motion based on Conditional Random Fields in conjunction with Support Vector Machine. Firstly, YCbCr color space and 3D depth map are used to detect and segment the hand. The depth map is to neutralize complex background sense. Secondly, 3D spatio-temporal features for hand volume of dynamic affine-invariants like elliptic Fourier and Zernike moments are extracted, in addition to three orientations motion features. Finally, the hand gesture is spotted and recognized by using the discriminative Conditional Random Fields Model. Accordingly, a Support Vector Machine verifies the hand shape at the start and the end point of meaningful gesture, which enforces vigorous view invariant task. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully spot and recognize hand gesture from continuous hand motion data with 92.50% recognition rate.展开更多
The magnetic properties and magnetization reversible processes of Llo FePt （3 nm）/Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3 （PMN-PT） heterostructure were investigated by using the phase field model. The simulation results show th...The magnetic properties and magnetization reversible processes of Llo FePt （3 nm）/Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3 （PMN-PT） heterostructure were investigated by using the phase field model. The simulation results show that the magnetic coercivities and magnetic domains evolution in the Llo FePt thin film are significantly influenced by the compressive strains stemming from the polarization of single crystal PMN-PT substrate under an applied electric field. It is found that the magnetic coercivities increase with increasing of the compressive strain. A large compressive strain is beneficial to aligning the magnetic moments along the out-of-plane direction and to the enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The variations of magnetic energy densities show that when compressive strains are different at the magnetization reversible processes, the magnetic anisotropy energies and the magnetic exchange energies firstly increase and then decrease, the negative demagnetization energy peaks appear at coercivities fields, and the magnetoelastic energies are invariable at large external magnetic field with the energy maximum appearing at coercivities fields. The variations of the magnetoelastic energies bring about the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy so that the magnetoelastic energy is lower at the large external magnetic fields, whereas the appearance of magnetoelastic energy peaks is due to the magnetization-altered direction from the normal direction of the plane of the Llo FePt thin film at coercivities fields.展开更多
The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experimen...The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experiment can contribute to understanding scientific concepts of high school students, specifically in physics. Five public high-schools located in the urban area of Guaratingueta were selected for our pilot test. Only one of the schools has a science laboratory, which is often not used due to the shortage of appropriate material for experiments. However, all five schools have computer labs with internet access. Authors worked with a total of 335 students from five schools. Authors＇ pilot test began with theoretical classes, related to the experiment, given by the teachers of each school： Concept of Magnetic Induction Field and the Biot-Savart Law. The classes were followed by a pre-test. After applying the pre-test, the students accessed the experimental activity via Interact remote access in the computer lab. At the end of the experimental activity, the students completed the multiple choice post-tests. All students completed the post-tests. The pre-test and post-test analysis has been used as an assessment method in education and social sciences.展开更多
Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack...Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.展开更多
Storage backends of parallel compute clusters are still based mostly on magnetic disks,while newer and faster storage technologies such as flash-based SSDs or non-volatile random access memory(NVRAM)are deployed withi...Storage backends of parallel compute clusters are still based mostly on magnetic disks,while newer and faster storage technologies such as flash-based SSDs or non-volatile random access memory(NVRAM)are deployed within compute nodes.Including these new storage technologies into scientific workflows is unfortunately today a mostly manual task,and most scientists therefore do not take advantage of the faster storage media.One approach to systematically include nodelocal SSDs or NVRAMs into scientific workflows is to deploy ad hoc file systems over a set of compute nodes,which serve as temporary storage systems for single applications or longer-running campaigns.This paper presents results from the Dagstuhl Seminar 17202"Challenges and Opportunities of User-Level File Systems for HPC"and discusses application scenarios as well as design strategies for ad hoc file systems using node-local storage media.The discussion includes open research questions,such as how to couple ad hoc file systems with the batch scheduling environment and how to schedule stage-in and stage-out processes of data between the storage backend and the ad hoc file systems.Also presented are strategies to build ad hoc file systems by using reusable components for networking and how to improve storage device compatibility.Various interfaces and semantics are presented,for example those used by the three ad hoc file systems BeeOND,GekkoFS,and BurstFS.Their presentation covers a range from file systems running in production to cutting-edge research focusing on reaching the performance limits of the underlying devices.展开更多
Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic interactions.Here,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noi...Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic interactions.Here,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector hardware.In many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of magnitude.This high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.展开更多
This paper presents the development of parallel direct Vlasov solvers using the Spectral Element Method(SEM).Instead of the standard Particle-In-Cell(PIC)approach for kinetic space plasma simulation,i.e.solving the Vl...This paper presents the development of parallel direct Vlasov solvers using the Spectral Element Method(SEM).Instead of the standard Particle-In-Cell(PIC)approach for kinetic space plasma simulation,i.e.solving the Vlasov-Maxwell equations,the direct method has been used in this paper.There are several benefits to solve the Vlasov equation directly,such as avoiding noise associated with the finite number of particles and the capability to capture the fine structure in the plasma,etc.The most challenging part of direct Vlasov solver comes from high dimension,as the computational cost increases as N2d,where d is the dimension of the physical space.Recently due to fast development of supercomputers,the possibility of high dimensions becomes more realistic.A significant effort has been devoted to solve the Vlasov equation in low dimensions so far,now more interests focus on higher dimensions.Different numerical methods have been tried so far,such as finite difference method,Fourier spectral method,finite volume method,etc.In this paper SEM has been successfully applied to construct these solvers.SEM has shown several advantages,such as easy interpolation due to local element structure and long time integration due to its high order accuracy.Domain decomposition in high dimensions have been used for parallelization,these include scalable parallel 1D and 2D Poisson solvers.Benchmark results have been shown and simulation results have been reported for two different cases:one dimension(1P1V),and two dimensions(2P2V)in both physical and velocity spaces.展开更多
文摘As maritime activities increase globally,there is a greater dependency on technology in monitoring,control,and surveillance of vessel activity.One of the most prominent systems for monitoring vessel activity is the Automatic Identification System(AIS).An increase in both vessels fitted with AIS transponders and satellite and terrestrial AIS receivers has resulted in a significant increase in AIS messages received globally.This resultant rich spatial and temporal data source related to vessel activity provides analysts with the ability to perform enhanced vessel movement analytics,of which a pertinent example is the improvement of vessel location predictions.In this paper,we propose a novel strategy for predicting future locations of vessels making use of historic AIS data.The proposed method uses a Linear Regression Model(LRM)and utilizes historic AIS movement data in the form of a-priori generated spatial maps of the course over ground(LRMAC).The LRMAC is an accurate low complexity first-order method that is easy to implement operationally and shows promising results in areas where there is a consistency in the directionality of historic vessel movement.In areas where the historic directionality of vessel movement is diverse,such as areas close to harbors and ports,the LRMAC defaults to the LRM.The proposed LRMAC method is compared to the Single-Point Neighbor Search(SPNS),which is also a first-order method and has a similar level of computational complexity,and for the use case of predicting tanker and cargo vessel trajectories up to 8 hours into the future,the LRMAC showed improved results both in terms of prediction accuracy and execution time.
文摘As cloud service becomes more and more capable, available and powerful, wiseCIO has emerged from an innovative roadmap toward archival Content Management Service (aCMS) and massive Content Delivery Service (mCDS) in support of Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) via Digital Archiving and Transformed Analytics (DATA);DATA aims to automate UBC with FAST solutions throughout a feasible, analytical, scalable and testable approach. This paper, based on the novel wiseCIO (web-based intelligent service engaging Cloud Intelligence Outlet), presents digital archiving and transformed analytics via machine learning automata for intelligent UBC processes to liaise with Universal interface for human-computer interaction, enable Brewing aggregation (differing from traditional web browsing), and engage Centered user experience. As one of the most practical aspects of artificial intelligence, machine learning is applied to analytical model building and massive and/or multidimensional Online Analytical Processing (mOLAP) for more intelligent cloud service with little explicit coding required. DATA is central to useful information via archival transformation and analytics, and utilizable intelligence for Business, Education and Entertainment (iBEE) in support of decision-making. As a result, DATA orchestrates wiseCIO to promote ACTiVE XaaS that enables accessibility, contextuality and traceability of information for vast engagement with various cloud services, such as aCMS (archival Content Management Service), COSA (Context-Oriented Screening Aggregation), DASH (Deliveries Assembled for fast Search and Hits), OLAS (Online Learning via Analytical Synthesis), REAP (Rapid Extension and Active Presentation), and SPOT (Special Points On Top) with great ease.
文摘We present an incremental network programming mechanism which reprograms wireless sensors quickly by transmitting the incremental changes using the Rsync algorithm;we generate the difference of the two program images allowing us to distribute only the key changes. Unlike previous approaches, our design does not assume any prior knowledge of the program code structure and can be applied to any hardware platform. To meet the resource constraints of wireless sensors, we tuned the Rsync algorithm which was originally made for updating binary files among powerful host machines. The sensor node processes the delivery and the decoding of the difference script separately making it easy to extend for multi-hop network programming. We are able to get a speed-up of 9.1 for changing a constant and 2.1 to 2.5 for changing a few lines in the source code.
文摘In this paper, a novel gesture spotting and recognition technique is proposed to handle hand gesture from continuous hand motion based on Conditional Random Fields in conjunction with Support Vector Machine. Firstly, YCbCr color space and 3D depth map are used to detect and segment the hand. The depth map is to neutralize complex background sense. Secondly, 3D spatio-temporal features for hand volume of dynamic affine-invariants like elliptic Fourier and Zernike moments are extracted, in addition to three orientations motion features. Finally, the hand gesture is spotted and recognized by using the discriminative Conditional Random Fields Model. Accordingly, a Support Vector Machine verifies the hand shape at the start and the end point of meaningful gesture, which enforces vigorous view invariant task. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully spot and recognize hand gesture from continuous hand motion data with 92.50% recognition rate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474167,51701091,and 11504020)the Start-up Funds of NUIST,China(Grant Nos.2243141601035 and 2243141601018)
文摘The magnetic properties and magnetization reversible processes of Llo FePt （3 nm）/Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3 （PMN-PT） heterostructure were investigated by using the phase field model. The simulation results show that the magnetic coercivities and magnetic domains evolution in the Llo FePt thin film are significantly influenced by the compressive strains stemming from the polarization of single crystal PMN-PT substrate under an applied electric field. It is found that the magnetic coercivities increase with increasing of the compressive strain. A large compressive strain is beneficial to aligning the magnetic moments along the out-of-plane direction and to the enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The variations of magnetic energy densities show that when compressive strains are different at the magnetization reversible processes, the magnetic anisotropy energies and the magnetic exchange energies firstly increase and then decrease, the negative demagnetization energy peaks appear at coercivities fields, and the magnetoelastic energies are invariable at large external magnetic field with the energy maximum appearing at coercivities fields. The variations of the magnetoelastic energies bring about the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy so that the magnetoelastic energy is lower at the large external magnetic fields, whereas the appearance of magnetoelastic energy peaks is due to the magnetization-altered direction from the normal direction of the plane of the Llo FePt thin film at coercivities fields.
文摘The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experiment can contribute to understanding scientific concepts of high school students, specifically in physics. Five public high-schools located in the urban area of Guaratingueta were selected for our pilot test. Only one of the schools has a science laboratory, which is often not used due to the shortage of appropriate material for experiments. However, all five schools have computer labs with internet access. Authors worked with a total of 335 students from five schools. Authors＇ pilot test began with theoretical classes, related to the experiment, given by the teachers of each school： Concept of Magnetic Induction Field and the Biot-Savart Law. The classes were followed by a pre-test. After applying the pre-test, the students accessed the experimental activity via Interact remote access in the computer lab. At the end of the experimental activity, the students completed the multiple choice post-tests. All students completed the post-tests. The pre-test and post-test analysis has been used as an assessment method in education and social sciences.
文摘Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance.The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.
基金This work has also been partially funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG)through the German Priority Programme 1648"Software for Exascale Computing"(SPPEXA)and the ADA-FS project,and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the NEXTGenIO Project under Grant No.671591the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Contract No.TIN2015-65316+3 种基金the Generalitat de Catalunya under Contract No.2014-SGR-1051This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC52-07NA27344(LLNL-JRNL-779789)also supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Advanced Scientific Computing Research,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357This work is also supported in part by the National Science Foundation of USA under Grant Nos.1561041,1564647,1744336,1763547,and 1822737.
文摘Storage backends of parallel compute clusters are still based mostly on magnetic disks,while newer and faster storage technologies such as flash-based SSDs or non-volatile random access memory(NVRAM)are deployed within compute nodes.Including these new storage technologies into scientific workflows is unfortunately today a mostly manual task,and most scientists therefore do not take advantage of the faster storage media.One approach to systematically include nodelocal SSDs or NVRAMs into scientific workflows is to deploy ad hoc file systems over a set of compute nodes,which serve as temporary storage systems for single applications or longer-running campaigns.This paper presents results from the Dagstuhl Seminar 17202"Challenges and Opportunities of User-Level File Systems for HPC"and discusses application scenarios as well as design strategies for ad hoc file systems using node-local storage media.The discussion includes open research questions,such as how to couple ad hoc file systems with the batch scheduling environment and how to schedule stage-in and stage-out processes of data between the storage backend and the ad hoc file systems.Also presented are strategies to build ad hoc file systems by using reusable components for networking and how to improve storage device compatibility.Various interfaces and semantics are presented,for example those used by the three ad hoc file systems BeeOND,GekkoFS,and BurstFS.Their presentation covers a range from file systems running in production to cutting-edge research focusing on reaching the performance limits of the underlying devices.
基金R.H.and J.S.acknowledge support from the Army Research Office,Computing Sciences(W911NF-17-S-0002)and Dow Chemical CompanyWork at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences,of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract no.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic interactions.Here,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector hardware.In many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of magnitude.This high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Nuclear Physics,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357.
文摘This paper presents the development of parallel direct Vlasov solvers using the Spectral Element Method(SEM).Instead of the standard Particle-In-Cell(PIC)approach for kinetic space plasma simulation,i.e.solving the Vlasov-Maxwell equations,the direct method has been used in this paper.There are several benefits to solve the Vlasov equation directly,such as avoiding noise associated with the finite number of particles and the capability to capture the fine structure in the plasma,etc.The most challenging part of direct Vlasov solver comes from high dimension,as the computational cost increases as N2d,where d is the dimension of the physical space.Recently due to fast development of supercomputers,the possibility of high dimensions becomes more realistic.A significant effort has been devoted to solve the Vlasov equation in low dimensions so far,now more interests focus on higher dimensions.Different numerical methods have been tried so far,such as finite difference method,Fourier spectral method,finite volume method,etc.In this paper SEM has been successfully applied to construct these solvers.SEM has shown several advantages,such as easy interpolation due to local element structure and long time integration due to its high order accuracy.Domain decomposition in high dimensions have been used for parallelization,these include scalable parallel 1D and 2D Poisson solvers.Benchmark results have been shown and simulation results have been reported for two different cases:one dimension(1P1V),and two dimensions(2P2V)in both physical and velocity spaces.
