In this work, a fast(0.5 h), green microwave-assisted synthesis of single crystalline Sb_2Se_3 nanowires was developed. For the first time we demonstrated a facile solvent-mediated process, whereby intriguing nanostru...In this work, a fast(0.5 h), green microwave-assisted synthesis of single crystalline Sb_2Se_3 nanowires was developed. For the first time we demonstrated a facile solvent-mediated process, whereby intriguing nanostructures including antimony selenide(Sb_2Se_3) nanowires and selenium(Se) microrods can be achieved by merely varying the volume ratio of ethylene glycol(EG) and H_2O free from expensive chemical and additional surfactant. The achieved uniform Sb_2Se_3 nanowire is single crystalline along [001]growth direction with a diameter of 100 nm and a length up to tens of micrometers. When evaluated as an anode of lithium-ion battery, Sb_2Se_3 nanowire can deliver a high reversible capacity of 650.2 m Ah g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) and a capacity retention of 63.8% after long-term 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1), as well as superior rate capability(389.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 2000 mA g^(-1)). This easy solvent-mediated microwave synthesis approach exhibits its great universe and importance towards the fabrication of high-performance metal chalcogenide electrode materials for future low-cost, large-scale energy storage systems.展开更多
The North-East Caucasus is a multi-ethnic mountain macroregion with a rich cultural heritage,insufficiently studied in the context of the ecotourism development.To fill this gap and identify promising directions of en...The North-East Caucasus is a multi-ethnic mountain macroregion with a rich cultural heritage,insufficiently studied in the context of the ecotourism development.To fill this gap and identify promising directions of environmentally safe forms of tourism,the author used in-depth review of modern literature to investigate the features of ecological tourism and the problems of preserving ethno-cultural heritage,and used historical and comparative-geographical methods to analyze the development of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North-Eastern Caucasus in different historical periods and to identify the geographical peculiarities of the distribution of historical and cultural monuments(tower buildings),pilgrimage sites and centers of traditional crafts and trades.As part of the planned expeditions,the author personally visited some historical monuments and handicraft centers for a deeper study of ethno-cultural heritage.The cartographic method made it possible to visualize the results.The results of the research show that the ethnocultural heritage of the North-East Caucasus is formed by material(historical and cultural monuments)and immaterial elements of culture(language,customs,traditions,ethnic identification)of those peoples,who live here.The ethnocultural heritage is considered as the most important factor in the development of the tourism industry.It is revealed that this region has a large potential for development in various areas of eco-tourism.The highest concentration of religious buildings focused in mountainous areas.Medieval tower structures were erected in mountainous and high-altitude areas.From ancient times to the present day there have been preserved various types of crafts and trades(pottery,metalworking,burka making,jewelry making,carpet weaving,gold embroidery,wood and stone carving,etc.),which can become objects of ecotourism.The ethnocultural heritage of the North-East Caucasus needs to be preserved and protected.To solve this problem,the author recommends to focus on a balanced combination of traditions and innovations in this industry,also considering the current state and development of the tourism industry in the country and in the world.The research highlights that the development of scientific approaches to plan and manage tourism development can contribute to the preservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.This is a complex and labour-intensive task,but its solution will have a multiplier effect in the social sphere,in economic development and in environmental security,which is in line with the principles and concept of sustainable development.展开更多
This paper proposes a long memory analysis based on wavelet transform of financial data. This method treats return series and volatility series in the stock market as a fractional differenced noise process, and analyz...This paper proposes a long memory analysis based on wavelet transform of financial data. This method treats return series and volatility series in the stock market as a fractional differenced noise process, and analyzes it by MODWT（maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform）. The result shows there is a lineal relationship between wavelet variance logarithm and scale logarithm, so a long memory parameter can be obtained by using the relationship. This method is proved to be effective and feasible by analyzing the return series and volatility series of composite indexes of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market.展开更多
Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male W...Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male Wistar increased their body weight by 130 g under control conditions and were then submitted to a calorie restriction (CR) at 30% or 60% of control. Experiment has been stopped when the body weight of the group CR60% returned back to its initial value. Samples of retroperitoneal adipose tissue were collected by biopsies along the study. Adipose cell size was analyzed using multisizer IV (Beckman Coulter) to determine the size distribution curves during natural growth and after calorie restriction. Results: After CR60%, body weights and adipose tissue masses were similar to the ones at the beginning of the experiment. Adipose cell size distribution curve was shifted to the left compared to the one of initial control. Adipose cell sizes were significantly lower after CR60% than those of control at the beginning of the experiment. Conclusions: These results state for the first time that hysteresis occurs in white adipose tissue after calorie restriction. The composition of adipose tissue after calorie restriction was significantly different than the one of initial control. After significant weight loss, organisms must be considered as different from the initial controls, they are most likely governed by different regulations which will have to be identified.展开更多
In this paper,based on the developed statistical-thermodynamic model,which is based on data on the local structure of the compound and taking into account the striction interaction caused by the large sizes of the Ba ...In this paper,based on the developed statistical-thermodynamic model,which is based on data on the local structure of the compound and taking into account the striction interaction caused by the large sizes of the Ba and K cations,the formation of ferroelectric phases in BaTiO_(3)and KNbO_(3)perovskites has been studied.Based on the modified eight-minimum model,it has been possible to qualitatively identify the factors that determine the features of the thermodynamic behavior of these crystals and to reproduce the process of formation of the whole set of phase states observed in BaTiO_(3)and KNbO_(3).展开更多
An analysis of heterophase states was carried out for ferro-active solid solutions of the system(1-x-y)NaNbO_(3)-x KNbO_(3)-y CdNb_(2)O_(6).A complete stress relief at interfaces between phases in solid solutions with...An analysis of heterophase states was carried out for ferro-active solid solutions of the system(1-x-y)NaNbO_(3)-x KNbO_(3)-y CdNb_(2)O_(6).A complete stress relief at interfaces between phases in solid solutions with y=0.05 and x=0.10,0.40,and 0.45 is realized at the single-domain state of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases.In solid solutions with y=0.05 and x=0.05 and 0.20,as well as with y=0.075 and 0.10,and x=0.15,the formation of a planar interphase boundary being parallel to a zero-net-strain plane occurs at the elastic matching of the single-domain tetragonal and polydomain orthorhombic phases.In contrast to this,at y=0.05 and x=0.25,0.30,and 0.35,the complete stress relief is associated with a co-existence of the single-domain orthorhombic and polydomain tetragonal phases,however in some cases,the tetragonal phase aims at a monodomainization.展开更多
Solid solutions(SS)with a quasi-binary cross-section of a four-component system of the composition(1-x)(Na_(0.5)K_(0.5))NbO_(3)-xPb(Ti_(0.5)Zr_(0.5))O_(3),based on compositions with fundamentally different physical re...Solid solutions(SS)with a quasi-binary cross-section of a four-component system of the composition(1-x)(Na_(0.5)K_(0.5))NbO_(3)-xPb(Ti_(0.5)Zr_(0.5))O_(3),based on compositions with fundamentally different physical responses(Na,K)NbO_(3)(KNN),Pb(Ti,Zr)O_(3)(PZT),have been prepared by a two-stage solid-phase synthesis followed by sintering using conventional ceramic technology.The influence of thermal cycling on the dielectric properties of ceramic SS with x=0.00,...,1.00 has been studied.It has been shown that thermally induced fatigue does not have a significant effect on the Curie temperature and the diffusing of the phase transition(PT)of SS containing only extreme components.It has been found that when the concentration of PZT in the studied system is varied,the e'leo(T)dependencies take on a form characteristic offerroelectrics with a diffuse PT.When the repolarisation cycles are varied,the diffusing parameter and the Curie and Burns temperatures show a wave-like behavior.The observed effects are explained by the interaction of different defect types.A conclusion is drawn on the possible practical applications of the studied Ss.展开更多
This paper discusses ways to search for lead-free functional materials for various applications.Using the example of the solid solution systems based on alkali metal niobates,the influence of the position on the phase...This paper discusses ways to search for lead-free functional materials for various applications.Using the example of the solid solution systems based on alkali metal niobates,the influence of the position on the phase diagram of the corresponding systems,the number of the components in them,and modification with mono-and combined metal oxides on their characteristics is shown.It has been established that the most effective in terms of piezoelectric characteristics are the solid solution systems in or near the morphotropic region,with 3 or 4 components.A number of materials have been developed to create highly sensitive electromechanical transducers,ultrasonic delay lines and other applications.展开更多
Long COVID,as currently defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and other authorities,is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10%-30%of non-hospitalized patients after one infection....Long COVID,as currently defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and other authorities,is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10%-30%of non-hospitalized patients after one infection.However,COVID-19 can also cause organ damage in individuals without symptoms,who would not fall under the current definition of Long COVID.This organ damage,whether symptomatic or not,can lead to various health impacts such as heart attacks and strokes.Given these observations,it is necessary to either expand the definition of Long COVID to include organ damage or recognize COVID-19-induced organ damage as a distinct condition affecting many symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals after COVID-19 infections.It is important to consider that many known adverse health outcomes,including heart conditions and cancers,can be asymptomatic until harm thresholds are reached.Many more medical conditions can be identified by testing than those that are recognized through reported symptoms.It is therefore important to similarly recognize that while Long COVID symptoms are associated with organ damage,there are many individuals that have organ damage without displaying recognized symptoms and to include this harm in the characterization of COVID-19 and in the monitoring of individuals after COVID-19 infections.展开更多
K-ion battery (KIB) is a new-type energy storage device that possesses potential advantages of low-cost and abundant resource of potassium.To develop advanced electrode materials for accommodating the large size and h...K-ion battery (KIB) is a new-type energy storage device that possesses potential advantages of low-cost and abundant resource of potassium.To develop advanced electrode materials for accommodating the large size and high activity of potassium ion is of great interests.Herein,a segment-like antimony (Sb) nanorod encapsulated in hollow carbon tube electrode material (Sb@HCT) was prepared.Beneficial from the virtue of abundant nitrogen doping in carbon tube,one-dimensional and hollow structure advantages,Sb@HCT exhibits excellent potassium storage properties:in the case of potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) electrolyte,Sb@HCT displays a reversible capacity of up to 453.4 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 and good rate performance (a capacity of 211.5 mAh·g^-1 could be achieved at an ultrahigh rate of 5 A·g^-1).Additionally,Sb@HCT demonstrates excellent long-cycle stability at a current density of 2 A·g^-1 over 120 cycles.Meanwhile,electrolyte optimization is an effective strategy for greatly improving electrochemical performance.Through ex-situ characterizations,we disclosed the potassiation of Sb anode is quite reversible and undergoes multistep processes,combining solid solution reaction and two-phase reaction.展开更多
Quantitative analysis is increasingly being used in team sports to better understand performance in these stylized,delineated,complex social systems.Here,the authors provide a first step toward understanding the patte...Quantitative analysis is increasingly being used in team sports to better understand performance in these stylized,delineated,complex social systems.Here,the authors provide a first step toward understanding the pattern-forming dynamics that emerge from collective offensive and defensive behavior in team sports.The authors propose a novel method of analysis that captures how teams occupy sub-areas of the field as the ball changes location.The authors use this method to analyze a game of association football(soccer) based upon a hypothesis that local player numerical dominance is key to defensive stability and offensive opportunity.The authors find that the teams consistently allocated more players than their opponents in sub-areas of play closer to their own goal.This is consistent with a predominantly defensive strategy intended to prevent yielding even a single goal.The authors also find differences between the two teams' strategies:while both adopted the same distribution of defensive,midfield,and attacking players(a 4:3:3 system of play),one team was significantly more effective in maintaining both defensive and offensive numerical dominance for defensive stability and offensive opportunity.That team indeed won the match with an advantage of one goal(2 to 1) but the analysis shows the advantage in play was more pervasive than the single goal victory would indicate.The proposed focus on the local dynamics of team collective behavior is distinct from the traditional focus on individual player capability.It supports a broader view in which specific player abilities contribute within the context of the dynamics of multiplayer team coordination and coaching strategy.By applying this complex system analysis to association football,the authors can understand how players' and teams' strategies result in successful and unsuccessful relationships between teammates and opponents in the area of play.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries are identified as a promising next-generation energy storage system,but their development is hindered by the anode−electrolyte−cathode incompatibilities and passivation of magnesium me...Rechargeable magnesium batteries are identified as a promising next-generation energy storage system,but their development is hindered by the anode−electrolyte−cathode incompatibilities and passivation of magnesium metal anode.To avoid or alleviate these problems,the exploitation of alternative anode materials is a promising choice.Herein,we present titanium pyrophosphate(TiP_(2)O_(7))as anode materials for magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)and investigate the effect of the crystal phase on its magnesium storage performance.Compared with the me-tastable layered TiP_(2)O_(7),the thermodynamically stable cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) displays a better rate capability of 72 mAh g^(−1) at 5000 mA g^(−1).Moreover,cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) exhibits excellent cycling stability with the capacity of 60 mAh g^(−1) after 5000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(−1),which are better than pre-viously reported Ti-based anode materials for MIBs.In situ X-ray diffraction technology confirms the single-phase magnesiumion inter-calation/deintercalation reaction mechanism of cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) with a low volume change of 3.2%.In addition,the density functional theory calcu-lation results demonstrate that three-dimensional magnesiumion diffu-sion can be allowed in cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) with a low migration energy barrier of 0.62 eV.Our work demonstrates the promise of TiP_(2)O_(7) as high-rate and long-life anode materials for MIBs and may pave the way for further development of MIBs.展开更多
The NOT gate that flips a classical bit is ubiquitous in classical information processing.However its quantum analogue,the universal NOT(UNOT) gate that flips a quantum spin in any alignment into its antipodal counter...The NOT gate that flips a classical bit is ubiquitous in classical information processing.However its quantum analogue,the universal NOT(UNOT) gate that flips a quantum spin in any alignment into its antipodal counterpart is strictly forbidden.Here we explore the connection between this discrepancy and how UNOT gates affect classical and quantum correlations.We show that while a UNOT gate always preserves classical correlations between two spins,it can non-locally increase or decrease their shared discord in ways that allow violation of the data processing inequality.We experimentally illustrate this using a multi-level trapped ^(171)Yb^+ ion that allows simulation of anti-unitary operations.展开更多
We introduce a pictorial approach to quantum information, called holographic software. Our software captures both algebraic and topological aspects of quantum networks. It yields a bi-directional dictionary to transla...We introduce a pictorial approach to quantum information, called holographic software. Our software captures both algebraic and topological aspects of quantum networks. It yields a bi-directional dictionary to translate between a topological approach and an algebraic approach. Using our software, we give a topological simulation for quantum networks. The string Fourier transform(SFT) is our basic tool to transform product states into states with maximal entanglement entropy. We obtain a pictorial interpretation of Fourier transformation, of measurements, and of local transformations, including the n-qudit Pauli matrices and their representation by Jordan-Wigner transformations. We use our software to discover interesting new protocols for multipartite communication. In summary, we build a bridge linking the theory of planar para algebras with quantum information.展开更多
Fluorescent organic materials that exhibit unique aggregation-induced emission have been utilized for various applications,including white light emission(WLE).The materials typically rely on composite designs involvin...Fluorescent organic materials that exhibit unique aggregation-induced emission have been utilized for various applications,including white light emission(WLE).The materials typically rely on composite designs involving a mixture of compounds emitting at different wavelengths of light.To overcome the limitations offered by the design of such composite mixtures,tremendous efforts were also emphasized in developing single-molecule substrates that emit white light.The white light by either method is typically controlled by the solvent polarity,energy and charge transfer,host-vip interactions,gelation,or embedding in the polymer or organic frameworks.This article briefly reviews various molecules exhibiting aggregation-induced emission behavior and emitting white light.展开更多
Malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for more than 240 million cases per year and killed 627,000 people in 2020,mostly African children.The malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitos b...Malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for more than 240 million cases per year and killed 627,000 people in 2020,mostly African children.The malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitos belonging to the genus Anopheles.After an asymptomatic liver stage,the parasite is released into the bloodstream to invade red blood cells(RBCs)and replicate asexually.This erythrocytic phase is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations,including mild and severe malaria.Cerebral malaria(CM)is one of the most severe forms,characterized by the sequestration of parasitized RBCs in the small capillaries of the brain and the local development of cytokine-mediated inflammation.Genetic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in red blood cell physiology are protective factors against severe malaria,as clearly demonstrated for the sickle cell variant of hemoglobin(HbS).展开更多
The quantum lattice Boltzmann(qlB)algorithm solves the 1D Dirac equations and has been used to solve approximately the classical(i.e.,non-relativistic)Schrödinger equation.We point out that the qlB method actuall...The quantum lattice Boltzmann(qlB)algorithm solves the 1D Dirac equations and has been used to solve approximately the classical(i.e.,non-relativistic)Schrödinger equation.We point out that the qlB method actually approximates the hyperbolic version of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation,whose solution is thus obtained at the price of an additional small error.Such an error is of order of(ωCτ)-1,where ω_(C):=mc^(2)/h is the Compton frequency,h being the reduced Planck constant,m the rest mass of the electrons,c the speed of light,andτa chosen reference time(i.e.,1 s),and hence it vanishes in the non-relativistic limit c→+∞.This asymptotic result comes from a singular perturbation process which does not require any boundary layer and,consequently,the approximation holds uniformly,which fact is relevant in view of numerical approximations.We also discuss this occurrence more generally,for some classes of linear singularly perturbed partial differential equations.展开更多
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however th...Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.展开更多
In this paper,we present an overview of the mechanical design and control of biomimetic robotic fishes with high maneuverability.The robotic fishes modelled after Esoxlucius adopt multilink propulsive mechanism for a ...In this paper,we present an overview of the mechanical design and control of biomimetic robotic fishes with high maneuverability.The robotic fishes modelled after Esoxlucius adopt multilink propulsive mechanism for a high turning rate and a small turning radius.According to different tasks,these robotic fishes are designed with decorated pectoral fins for a two-dimensional horizon plane,or controllable pectoral fins with multiple degrees of freedom for a three-dimensional space.Through observing and analyzing the fast-starts of real fish,we separately develop a dynamic trajectory tracking strategy based C-start control method and an L-shaped sliding method based S-start control method.Finally,a four-link robotic fish is able to execute C-start flexibly with a turning angle of up to 213°,a top turning rate of approximately670°/s,and an upper limit of turning precision of less than 10°and an S-start with a peak turning rate up to318.08±9.20°/s.The experimental results verify the feasibility of our high-maneuverability-oriented mechatronic design and control methods.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202603)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB934103)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521001,51602239)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51425204)Yellow Crane Talent(Science&Technology)Program of Wuhan Citythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2016III001,2016III003,2016IVA090)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B17034)support from the Lorraine Region(nowpart of Grand Est Region)Cooperation Research Lorraine/Hubei Program 2015/2017
文摘In this work, a fast(0.5 h), green microwave-assisted synthesis of single crystalline Sb_2Se_3 nanowires was developed. For the first time we demonstrated a facile solvent-mediated process, whereby intriguing nanostructures including antimony selenide(Sb_2Se_3) nanowires and selenium(Se) microrods can be achieved by merely varying the volume ratio of ethylene glycol(EG) and H_2O free from expensive chemical and additional surfactant. The achieved uniform Sb_2Se_3 nanowire is single crystalline along [001]growth direction with a diameter of 100 nm and a length up to tens of micrometers. When evaluated as an anode of lithium-ion battery, Sb_2Se_3 nanowire can deliver a high reversible capacity of 650.2 m Ah g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) and a capacity retention of 63.8% after long-term 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(-1), as well as superior rate capability(389.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 2000 mA g^(-1)). This easy solvent-mediated microwave synthesis approach exhibits its great universe and importance towards the fabrication of high-performance metal chalcogenide electrode materials for future low-cost, large-scale energy storage systems.
基金The study was supported by grant(project no.23-17-00218“Ecological tourism and recreational nature management in the North-East Caucasus”(https://rscf.ru/project/23-17-00218/))from the Russian Science Foundation.
文摘The North-East Caucasus is a multi-ethnic mountain macroregion with a rich cultural heritage,insufficiently studied in the context of the ecotourism development.To fill this gap and identify promising directions of environmentally safe forms of tourism,the author used in-depth review of modern literature to investigate the features of ecological tourism and the problems of preserving ethno-cultural heritage,and used historical and comparative-geographical methods to analyze the development of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North-Eastern Caucasus in different historical periods and to identify the geographical peculiarities of the distribution of historical and cultural monuments(tower buildings),pilgrimage sites and centers of traditional crafts and trades.As part of the planned expeditions,the author personally visited some historical monuments and handicraft centers for a deeper study of ethno-cultural heritage.The cartographic method made it possible to visualize the results.The results of the research show that the ethnocultural heritage of the North-East Caucasus is formed by material(historical and cultural monuments)and immaterial elements of culture(language,customs,traditions,ethnic identification)of those peoples,who live here.The ethnocultural heritage is considered as the most important factor in the development of the tourism industry.It is revealed that this region has a large potential for development in various areas of eco-tourism.The highest concentration of religious buildings focused in mountainous areas.Medieval tower structures were erected in mountainous and high-altitude areas.From ancient times to the present day there have been preserved various types of crafts and trades(pottery,metalworking,burka making,jewelry making,carpet weaving,gold embroidery,wood and stone carving,etc.),which can become objects of ecotourism.The ethnocultural heritage of the North-East Caucasus needs to be preserved and protected.To solve this problem,the author recommends to focus on a balanced combination of traditions and innovations in this industry,also considering the current state and development of the tourism industry in the country and in the world.The research highlights that the development of scientific approaches to plan and manage tourism development can contribute to the preservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.This is a complex and labour-intensive task,but its solution will have a multiplier effect in the social sphere,in economic development and in environmental security,which is in line with the principles and concept of sustainable development.
文摘This paper proposes a long memory analysis based on wavelet transform of financial data. This method treats return series and volatility series in the stock market as a fractional differenced noise process, and analyzes it by MODWT（maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform）. The result shows there is a lineal relationship between wavelet variance logarithm and scale logarithm, so a long memory parameter can be obtained by using the relationship. This method is proved to be effective and feasible by analyzing the return series and volatility series of composite indexes of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market.
文摘Objective: This study was performed to analyze the modifications within adipose tissue during calorie restriction and more specifically to state whether hysteresis occurs during fat mass reduction. Method: Rats male Wistar increased their body weight by 130 g under control conditions and were then submitted to a calorie restriction (CR) at 30% or 60% of control. Experiment has been stopped when the body weight of the group CR60% returned back to its initial value. Samples of retroperitoneal adipose tissue were collected by biopsies along the study. Adipose cell size was analyzed using multisizer IV (Beckman Coulter) to determine the size distribution curves during natural growth and after calorie restriction. Results: After CR60%, body weights and adipose tissue masses were similar to the ones at the beginning of the experiment. Adipose cell size distribution curve was shifted to the left compared to the one of initial control. Adipose cell sizes were significantly lower after CR60% than those of control at the beginning of the experiment. Conclusions: These results state for the first time that hysteresis occurs in white adipose tissue after calorie restriction. The composition of adipose tissue after calorie restriction was significantly different than the one of initial control. After significant weight loss, organisms must be considered as different from the initial controls, they are most likely governed by different regulations which will have to be identified.
基金support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State task in the field of scientific activityProject No.FENW-2023-0010/GZ0110/23-11-IF)Title of the topic:“Multicomponent intelligent structures:phase transition cross-effects and strategies for the accelerated design of eco-systems for technologies for the digital design of devices for controlling the parameters of physical media”.
文摘In this paper,based on the developed statistical-thermodynamic model,which is based on data on the local structure of the compound and taking into account the striction interaction caused by the large sizes of the Ba and K cations,the formation of ferroelectric phases in BaTiO_(3)and KNbO_(3)perovskites has been studied.Based on the modified eight-minimum model,it has been possible to qualitatively identify the factors that determine the features of the thermodynamic behavior of these crystals and to reproduce the process of formation of the whole set of phase states observed in BaTiO_(3)and KNbO_(3).
基金support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State task in the field of scientific activity in 2023)Project No.FENW-2023-0010/(GZ0110/23-11-IF).
文摘An analysis of heterophase states was carried out for ferro-active solid solutions of the system(1-x-y)NaNbO_(3)-x KNbO_(3)-y CdNb_(2)O_(6).A complete stress relief at interfaces between phases in solid solutions with y=0.05 and x=0.10,0.40,and 0.45 is realized at the single-domain state of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases.In solid solutions with y=0.05 and x=0.05 and 0.20,as well as with y=0.075 and 0.10,and x=0.15,the formation of a planar interphase boundary being parallel to a zero-net-strain plane occurs at the elastic matching of the single-domain tetragonal and polydomain orthorhombic phases.In contrast to this,at y=0.05 and x=0.25,0.30,and 0.35,the complete stress relief is associated with a co-existence of the single-domain orthorhombic and polydomain tetragonal phases,however in some cases,the tetragonal phase aims at a monodomainization.
文摘Solid solutions(SS)with a quasi-binary cross-section of a four-component system of the composition(1-x)(Na_(0.5)K_(0.5))NbO_(3)-xPb(Ti_(0.5)Zr_(0.5))O_(3),based on compositions with fundamentally different physical responses(Na,K)NbO_(3)(KNN),Pb(Ti,Zr)O_(3)(PZT),have been prepared by a two-stage solid-phase synthesis followed by sintering using conventional ceramic technology.The influence of thermal cycling on the dielectric properties of ceramic SS with x=0.00,...,1.00 has been studied.It has been shown that thermally induced fatigue does not have a significant effect on the Curie temperature and the diffusing of the phase transition(PT)of SS containing only extreme components.It has been found that when the concentration of PZT in the studied system is varied,the e'leo(T)dependencies take on a form characteristic offerroelectrics with a diffuse PT.When the repolarisation cycles are varied,the diffusing parameter and the Curie and Burns temperatures show a wave-like behavior.The observed effects are explained by the interaction of different defect types.A conclusion is drawn on the possible practical applications of the studied Ss.
基金financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.Project No.FENW-2023-0010/GZ0110/23-11-IF。
文摘This paper discusses ways to search for lead-free functional materials for various applications.Using the example of the solid solution systems based on alkali metal niobates,the influence of the position on the phase diagram of the corresponding systems,the number of the components in them,and modification with mono-and combined metal oxides on their characteristics is shown.It has been established that the most effective in terms of piezoelectric characteristics are the solid solution systems in or near the morphotropic region,with 3 or 4 components.A number of materials have been developed to create highly sensitive electromechanical transducers,ultrasonic delay lines and other applications.
文摘Long COVID,as currently defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and other authorities,is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10%-30%of non-hospitalized patients after one infection.However,COVID-19 can also cause organ damage in individuals without symptoms,who would not fall under the current definition of Long COVID.This organ damage,whether symptomatic or not,can lead to various health impacts such as heart attacks and strokes.Given these observations,it is necessary to either expand the definition of Long COVID to include organ damage or recognize COVID-19-induced organ damage as a distinct condition affecting many symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals after COVID-19 infections.It is important to consider that many known adverse health outcomes,including heart conditions and cancers,can be asymptomatic until harm thresholds are reached.Many more medical conditions can be identified by testing than those that are recognized through reported symptoms.It is therefore important to similarly recognize that while Long COVID symptoms are associated with organ damage,there are many individuals that have organ damage without displaying recognized symptoms and to include this harm in the characterization of COVID-19 and in the monitoring of individuals after COVID-19 infections.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51832004)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.51425204)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFA0202603)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No.B17034)the Yellow Crane Talent (Science & Technology) Program of Wuhan City.
文摘K-ion battery (KIB) is a new-type energy storage device that possesses potential advantages of low-cost and abundant resource of potassium.To develop advanced electrode materials for accommodating the large size and high activity of potassium ion is of great interests.Herein,a segment-like antimony (Sb) nanorod encapsulated in hollow carbon tube electrode material (Sb@HCT) was prepared.Beneficial from the virtue of abundant nitrogen doping in carbon tube,one-dimensional and hollow structure advantages,Sb@HCT exhibits excellent potassium storage properties:in the case of potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) electrolyte,Sb@HCT displays a reversible capacity of up to 453.4 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 and good rate performance (a capacity of 211.5 mAh·g^-1 could be achieved at an ultrahigh rate of 5 A·g^-1).Additionally,Sb@HCT demonstrates excellent long-cycle stability at a current density of 2 A·g^-1 over 120 cycles.Meanwhile,electrolyte optimization is an effective strategy for greatly improving electrochemical performance.Through ex-situ characterizations,we disclosed the potassiation of Sb anode is quite reversible and undergoes multistep processes,combining solid solution reaction and two-phase reaction.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(SFRH/BD/43251/2008)
文摘Quantitative analysis is increasingly being used in team sports to better understand performance in these stylized,delineated,complex social systems.Here,the authors provide a first step toward understanding the pattern-forming dynamics that emerge from collective offensive and defensive behavior in team sports.The authors propose a novel method of analysis that captures how teams occupy sub-areas of the field as the ball changes location.The authors use this method to analyze a game of association football(soccer) based upon a hypothesis that local player numerical dominance is key to defensive stability and offensive opportunity.The authors find that the teams consistently allocated more players than their opponents in sub-areas of play closer to their own goal.This is consistent with a predominantly defensive strategy intended to prevent yielding even a single goal.The authors also find differences between the two teams' strategies:while both adopted the same distribution of defensive,midfield,and attacking players(a 4:3:3 system of play),one team was significantly more effective in maintaining both defensive and offensive numerical dominance for defensive stability and offensive opportunity.That team indeed won the match with an advantage of one goal(2 to 1) but the analysis shows the advantage in play was more pervasive than the single goal victory would indicate.The proposed focus on the local dynamics of team collective behavior is distinct from the traditional focus on individual player capability.It supports a broader view in which specific player abilities contribute within the context of the dynamics of multiplayer team coordination and coaching strategy.By applying this complex system analysis to association football,the authors can understand how players' and teams' strategies result in successful and unsuccessful relationships between teammates and opponents in the area of play.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51832004,U1804253,and 51972259)Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(XHT2020-003).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries are identified as a promising next-generation energy storage system,but their development is hindered by the anode−electrolyte−cathode incompatibilities and passivation of magnesium metal anode.To avoid or alleviate these problems,the exploitation of alternative anode materials is a promising choice.Herein,we present titanium pyrophosphate(TiP_(2)O_(7))as anode materials for magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)and investigate the effect of the crystal phase on its magnesium storage performance.Compared with the me-tastable layered TiP_(2)O_(7),the thermodynamically stable cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) displays a better rate capability of 72 mAh g^(−1) at 5000 mA g^(−1).Moreover,cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) exhibits excellent cycling stability with the capacity of 60 mAh g^(−1) after 5000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(−1),which are better than pre-viously reported Ti-based anode materials for MIBs.In situ X-ray diffraction technology confirms the single-phase magnesiumion inter-calation/deintercalation reaction mechanism of cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) with a low volume change of 3.2%.In addition,the density functional theory calcu-lation results demonstrate that three-dimensional magnesiumion diffu-sion can be allowed in cubic TiP_(2)O_(7) with a low migration energy barrier of 0.62 eV.Our work demonstrates the promise of TiP_(2)O_(7) as high-rate and long-life anode materials for MIBs and may pave the way for further development of MIBs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0301901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11374178 and 11574002)+3 种基金the National Research Foundation of Singapore(NRF Award No.NRF-NRFF2016-02 and project NRF2017-NRFANR004 Van Qu Te)the Competitive Research Programme(CRP Award No.NRF-CRP14-2014-02)the Ministry of Education in Singapore Tier 1 RG190/17the Oxford Martin School
文摘The NOT gate that flips a classical bit is ubiquitous in classical information processing.However its quantum analogue,the universal NOT(UNOT) gate that flips a quantum spin in any alignment into its antipodal counterpart is strictly forbidden.Here we explore the connection between this discrepancy and how UNOT gates affect classical and quantum correlations.We show that while a UNOT gate always preserves classical correlations between two spins,it can non-locally increase or decrease their shared discord in ways that allow violation of the data processing inequality.We experimentally illustrate this using a multi-level trapped ^(171)Yb^+ ion that allows simulation of anti-unitary operations.
基金supported by the Templeton Religion Trust(Grant Nos.TRT0080 and TRT0159)
文摘We introduce a pictorial approach to quantum information, called holographic software. Our software captures both algebraic and topological aspects of quantum networks. It yields a bi-directional dictionary to translate between a topological approach and an algebraic approach. Using our software, we give a topological simulation for quantum networks. The string Fourier transform(SFT) is our basic tool to transform product states into states with maximal entanglement entropy. We obtain a pictorial interpretation of Fourier transformation, of measurements, and of local transformations, including the n-qudit Pauli matrices and their representation by Jordan-Wigner transformations. We use our software to discover interesting new protocols for multipartite communication. In summary, we build a bridge linking the theory of planar para algebras with quantum information.
文摘Fluorescent organic materials that exhibit unique aggregation-induced emission have been utilized for various applications,including white light emission(WLE).The materials typically rely on composite designs involving a mixture of compounds emitting at different wavelengths of light.To overcome the limitations offered by the design of such composite mixtures,tremendous efforts were also emphasized in developing single-molecule substrates that emit white light.The white light by either method is typically controlled by the solvent polarity,energy and charge transfer,host-vip interactions,gelation,or embedding in the polymer or organic frameworks.This article briefly reviews various molecules exhibiting aggregation-induced emission behavior and emitting white light.
基金supported by the African Higher Education Centers of Excellence Project(CEA-SAMEF)at UCAD,the Pasteur Institute in Dakar,the Pasteur Institute in Paris,the French Embassy in Senegal,INSERM,and Aix-Marseille University.MA and SN were supported by a Ph.D.fellowship from the French Ministry of Research and the Higher Education Commission(HEC)in Pakistan,respectivelysupport from the French Government under the France 2030 Investment Plan,as part of the Initiative d'Excellence d'Aix-Marseille Université-A∗MIDEX-Institute MarMaRa(No.AMX-19-IET-007).
文摘Malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for more than 240 million cases per year and killed 627,000 people in 2020,mostly African children.The malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitos belonging to the genus Anopheles.After an asymptomatic liver stage,the parasite is released into the bloodstream to invade red blood cells(RBCs)and replicate asexually.This erythrocytic phase is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations,including mild and severe malaria.Cerebral malaria(CM)is one of the most severe forms,characterized by the sequestration of parasitized RBCs in the small capillaries of the brain and the local development of cytokine-mediated inflammation.Genetic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in red blood cell physiology are protective factors against severe malaria,as clearly demonstrated for the sickle cell variant of hemoglobin(HbS).
文摘The quantum lattice Boltzmann(qlB)algorithm solves the 1D Dirac equations and has been used to solve approximately the classical(i.e.,non-relativistic)Schrödinger equation.We point out that the qlB method actually approximates the hyperbolic version of the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation,whose solution is thus obtained at the price of an additional small error.Such an error is of order of(ωCτ)-1,where ω_(C):=mc^(2)/h is the Compton frequency,h being the reduced Planck constant,m the rest mass of the electrons,c the speed of light,andτa chosen reference time(i.e.,1 s),and hence it vanishes in the non-relativistic limit c→+∞.This asymptotic result comes from a singular perturbation process which does not require any boundary layer and,consequently,the approximation holds uniformly,which fact is relevant in view of numerical approximations.We also discuss this occurrence more generally,for some classes of linear singularly perturbed partial differential equations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2018MH037).
文摘Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61375102, 61333016 and 61421004)
文摘In this paper,we present an overview of the mechanical design and control of biomimetic robotic fishes with high maneuverability.The robotic fishes modelled after Esoxlucius adopt multilink propulsive mechanism for a high turning rate and a small turning radius.According to different tasks,these robotic fishes are designed with decorated pectoral fins for a two-dimensional horizon plane,or controllable pectoral fins with multiple degrees of freedom for a three-dimensional space.Through observing and analyzing the fast-starts of real fish,we separately develop a dynamic trajectory tracking strategy based C-start control method and an L-shaped sliding method based S-start control method.Finally,a four-link robotic fish is able to execute C-start flexibly with a turning angle of up to 213°,a top turning rate of approximately670°/s,and an upper limit of turning precision of less than 10°and an S-start with a peak turning rate up to318.08±9.20°/s.The experimental results verify the feasibility of our high-maneuverability-oriented mechatronic design and control methods.
