Backgroundand Aim:Using simulation in learning medical interventions is a common practice.Simulation techniques provided a safe environment for trainees and students to acquire clinical skills and knowledge to practic...Backgroundand Aim:Using simulation in learning medical interventions is a common practice.Simulation techniques provided a safe environment for trainees and students to acquire clinical skills and knowledge to practice in a real clinical environment.The aim of this review is to assess the use of health simulation in the field of complementary medicine education.Methods:Three medical databases were searched from inception to 15 November 2021.The inclusion criteria were clinical trials that used simulation in the field of complementary medicine training and in English language and the full text can be retrieved.Results:After searching,495 articles were retrieved,235 articles were excluded for duplication and 249 articles were excluded after screening of titles/abstracts and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally,11 articles were included in this review.These clinical trials had 719 participants and reported positive impact of using simulation in complementary medicine education.Conclusion:Simulation wasused for training of some complementary medicine therapies such as chiropractic,acupuncture,massage therapy,cupping therapy and osteopathy.Using simulation in complementary medicine education is recommended to ensure a safe environment for training.Conducting high quality clinical trials to evaluate the use of simulation in complementary medicine education is highly recommended.展开更多
Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease trajectory.While acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,lim...Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease trajectory.While acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer patients.Methods An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New Zealand.Results In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer patients.Most practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per week.Breast cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM clinics.Adjunctive TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating oncologist.According to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related fatigue.TCIM practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer patients.Most practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.展开更多
Cancer ranks among the foremost causes of mortality.Health organizations indicate that prevention,through healthy and balanced lifestyles,is the key factor for decreasing cancer risk and,consequently,reducing cancer p...Cancer ranks among the foremost causes of mortality.Health organizations indicate that prevention,through healthy and balanced lifestyles,is the key factor for decreasing cancer risk and,consequently,reducing cancer prevalence and mortality.There is growing interest in discovering dietary patterns and food phytochemicals with potential anticancer effects to support public health strategies.Naturopathy emphasizes cancer prevention primarily through a plant-based diet abundant in functional foods,which enhance the innate defenses of the body against cancer.This article offers an analysis and overview of plant-based functional foods that have demonstrated anticancer properties in scientific studies,focusing on the mechanisms through which phytochemical compounds exert their chemopreventive actions.The plant-based functional foods and their constitution in phytochemicals,scientifically recognized for reducing cancer risk by various actions,are explored—citrus fruit(citrusflavonoids),berries(anthocyanins),pomegranate(ellagic acid),tomato(lycopene),soybeans and soy-based foods(isoflavones),cruciferous vegetables(indole-3-carbinol and sulforaphane),garlic(allicin)and onions(onionin A),green tea(catechins),and turmeric(curcumin).Cancer che-moprevention mechanisms involve antioxidants,anti-inflammatory effects,enhanced detoxification,carcinogen activation block-ade,antiangiogenesis,cell proliferation inhibition,apoptosis,cell cycle arrest,hormone-dependent carcinogenesis suppression,and epigenetic regulation.While numerous studies investigate the health-promoting potential of phytochemicals,it is important to emphasize that cancer prevention is multifactorial,influenced by many factors,such as other lifestyle aspects,genetics,and environment.Future perspectives will concentrate on personalized nutrition and nutrigenomics to enhance cancer prevention strategies,integrating scientific evidence-based naturopathic strategies for more effective cancer prevention.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government effort...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government efforts to formalize TCM practice,initiatives such as the establishment of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine(T&CM)Division in 2004 and the gazettement of the T&CM Act 2016 have been implemented.However,TCM remains underutilized among the Malay population,primarily due to cultural,religious,and linguistic factors.This paper explored the knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns regarding TCM of Malay people who visited the Urban Transformation Centre(UTC)in Shah Alam between October 2023 and January 2024.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at UTC Shah Alam in Selangor,Malaysia,using stratified sampling.A validated questionnaire was used to assess demographic information,knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns related to TCM.Among the respondents,both attitude and behavior pattern scores were generally positive.Financial status was identified as a significant factor influencing both attitudes and behavior patterns.Halal certification was identified as a key factor affecting the acceptance of Chinese herbal medicine.The findings suggest that possible pathways to broaden engagement would include increased availability of halal-certified TCM products,and clearer regulatory guidelines.Collaborative efforts that respect and incorporate local traditional practices,alongside support for localized TCM education,may contribute to greater inclusion.This localized model not only addresses specific community health challenges,but also offers perspectives into the potential role of traditional medicine in the global health landscape through cultural exchange and mutual learning.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a unique health resource in China and one of the main representative traditional medicines globally. TCM has formed a new way of looking at medical practices, health care, scien...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a unique health resource in China and one of the main representative traditional medicines globally. TCM has formed a new way of looking at medical practices, health care, scientific research, education, industry and culture. It focuses on promoting and safeguarding the health of people, with an increasing contribution to economic and social development. Establishing a comprehensive evaluation system in accordance with the characteristics of TCM services could promote the scientific merit and the standardization of services management. This would improve health service quality and the social and economic benefits of TCM. It would broaden the field of TCM services research. It would also provide the basis for the formulation of relevant government policies. This study estimates the prospect of establishing a comprehensive evaluation system of TCM services.展开更多
Background:Reviewing historical evidence in the various schools of traditional medicine shows that numerous methods have been used to maintain human good health and treatment of diseases.Persian medicine(PM)scholars h...Background:Reviewing historical evidence in the various schools of traditional medicine shows that numerous methods have been used to maintain human good health and treatment of diseases.Persian medicine(PM)scholars have been employed different methods to prescribe medications,which can be classified into two main groups:internal uses,including oral,parenteral,and anal,and also external uses such as topical,transdermal,and applying pendants.In this study,we aim to introduce some of the therapeutic pendants.Methods:We reviewed the most famous PM textbooks and current evidence in relevant databases such as PubMed,Science Direct,Scopus,Google scholar and SID related to the topic.Results:In this study,about 100 traditional therapeutic substances were found and finally,thirty-two of them were represented.They were often stones,and some of them were other materials such as metals,gums,and herbs.According to the PM,the utilization of pendants,in addition to cosmetic purposes,has been considered to maintain the health and treatment of some diseases.Therapeutic pendants can be considered as a kind of external medication use in which therapeutic materials are hung on the body surface.The external use of pendants could have curative effects with their close contact to the body surface.Conclusion:Pendant therapy may probably be considered as a non-invasive and easy-to-use treatment with unnoticeable side effects that can be utilized along with other therapies.展开更多
AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine ...AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) as a diagnostic marker for ruling out pre-existing liver disease were enrolled in a prospective study of a safety program carried out at the First German Hospital of TCM from 1994 to 2015. All patients received herbal products, and their ALT values were reassessed 1-3 d prior to discharge. To verify or exclude causality for suspected TCM herbs, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) was used.RESULTS This report presents for the first time liver injury data derived from a prospective, hospital-based and largescale study of 21470 patients who had no liver disease prior to treatment with herbal TCM. Among these, ALT ranged from 1 × to < 5 × upper limit normal(ULN) in 844 patients(3.93%) and suggested mild or moderate liver adaptive abnormalities. However, 26 patients(0.12%) experienced higher ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN(300.0 ± 172.9 U/L, mean ± SD). Causality for TCM herbs was RUCAM-based probable in 8/26 patients, possible in 16/26, and excluded in 2/26 cases. Bupleuri radix and Scutellariae radix were the two TCM herbs most commonly implicated. CONCLUSION In 26(0.12%) of 21470 patients treated with herbal TCM, liver injury with ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN was found, which normalized shortly following treatment cessation, also substantiating causality.展开更多
Terminalia chebula(family:Combretaceae)is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia,constipation,and diabetes.This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine(...Terminalia chebula(family:Combretaceae)is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia,constipation,and diabetes.This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine(ITM)as halileh or halilaj and the fruit is used to develop treatments.It is described in ITM as an astringent that has a"cold"and"dry"temperament.References to the medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula were collected from important ITM sources and from modern medical databases(Pub Med,Scirus,Science Direct,and Scopus).The medicinal properties described for thistree in ITM were compared with those reported in studies of modern phytotherapy.The results confirm that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-day studies.Treatments that have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include fever,and psychological and psychiatric issues.This article confirms the medicinal uses of Terminalia chebula.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To describe the common causes of headache as well as the different methods of Phlebotomy(Fasd) and wet Cupping(Hijamat) based on Persian Medicine.METHODS: In this study, we searched Google Scholar, Science ...OBJECTIVE: To describe the common causes of headache as well as the different methods of Phlebotomy(Fasd) and wet Cupping(Hijamat) based on Persian Medicine.METHODS: In this study, we searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pub Med and Scopus to get any in vitro or clinical evidence of the efficacy and possible mechanisms of phlebotomy or wet cupping on different types of headaches. Also different types of headaches, according to PM, under the title of "Sodaa"; extracted from famous Persian medical text books with key words including "Sodaa","Bayze" and "Shaqiqe".RESULTS: According to PM, diseases(dystemperament) are created by abnormal alteration in temperament. Temperament is a monolithic quality yielded by interaction between opposing qualities of four elements that are coldness, hotness, dryness and wetness. Headaches are caused by dystemperament(sue-Mizaj) in brain or in total body that are divided into simple and corporal. Common forms of the latter type are Vaporal and Migrant headache(Bokhari and Rihi). Each of these headaches is treated either through phlebotomy or wet cupping.CONCLUSION: In Persian Medicine, Fasd and Hijamat are easy and economical methods for treatment of headache with reasonable results. By describing the precise areas and indications of phlebotomy and wet cupping, this study provides the first step for future clinical trials in this field.展开更多
The process of food digestion is one of the most important physiologic processes in human body. In this review, we are seeking the views of Avicenna, the most distinguished Persian medical scholar about digestion and ...The process of food digestion is one of the most important physiologic processes in human body. In this review, we are seeking the views of Avicenna, the most distinguished Persian medical scholar about digestion and indigestion. Avicenna’s view was based on the humoral theory. Avicenna has focused scrutiny on the process of digestion. He divided this process into four phases including gastric, hepatic, intravascular and intra-organ digestion. A defect in any of these phases can lead to disturbance in other stages. Avicenna approached the problem of indigestion through factors of diet, lifestyle and inherent structural characteristics of digestive organs. Modern medicine confirms Avicenna's opinion about the start of digestion from the mouth, the role of the stomach in digestion and the role of the liver in the metabolism of foods. Overeating or eating certain foods, snacking between meals, eating variety of different foods together, intense physical activity, sexual activity after a meal, stress and sleep insufficiency are among factors that may be linked to indigestion in modern medicine viewpoints and also have been mentioned in Avicenna's teachings. It seems rational to consider the medical approaches recommended by Avicenna for future studies in the field of digestive disorders.展开更多
Object:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been taught widely in the both Eastern and Western world countries.This study compared the origin,student source,duration,and curriculum design of TCM higher education progr...Object:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been taught widely in the both Eastern and Western world countries.This study compared the origin,student source,duration,and curriculum design of TCM higher education programs in China and five Western countries.Method:We searched the Internet and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database to gather relevant information.Result:All the six countries offer acupuncture and/or Chinese herbal medicine programs at universities and/or private schools.However,there are great large differences among them in the education of curriculum and TCM students enrollment and curriculum policies of TCM courses.Conclusions:There are large differences among their curriculum and enrollment policies.This comparison should provide information about the further development of international standards in TCM education.展开更多
One of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) used in the treatment ofgastrointestinal (GI) disorders, is the plant Artemisia absinthium Linn. (AAL). It also has a wide range of activiti...One of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) used in the treatment ofgastrointestinal (GI) disorders, is the plant Artemisia absinthium Linn. (AAL). It also has a wide range of activitiessuch as analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activities, hepatoprotective,and neuroprotective activities in addition to having gastroprotective effects. This article is a review comparingTPM resources with new medicines. This review investigates this herb in major TPM sources and strives toextrapolate the exact function it serves in the digestive tract and compares the collected information on the functionof AAL with information found in new medical resource databases such as ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar,and Scientific Information Database. AAL from the Asteraceae family of TPM, known as Afsentin, was used in thetreatment of GI weaknesses, stomach pains, swellings, intestinal parasites, diarrhea, and vomiting. AAL increasedappetite, so it was used for insect repellents and insecticide. Recent studies have indicated that the effects of thisplant improved the symptoms of Crohn's disease and played a role in reducing inflammatory factors. It also hasstrong anti-parasitic, anti-insect, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. Given the widespread use of AAL as atraditional medicine currently in use in different countries, particularly in the treatment of GI diseases, furtherclinical studies that focus on the therapeutic qualities of this plant are required in the future.展开更多
Introduction:Considering the importance of evidence-based medicine(EBM)and the emphasis of Persian medicine(PM)experts on its use,this study was designed;to investigate the practice of PM specialists,the obstacles,cha...Introduction:Considering the importance of evidence-based medicine(EBM)and the emphasis of Persian medicine(PM)experts on its use,this study was designed;to investigate the practice of PM specialists,the obstacles,challenges,and solutions of developing and using EBM in PM were also the aims of the present study.Method:In the present study,98 PM specialists,who work in Iran completed the electronic Persian version of the evidence-based medicine.The effective factors in the practice of specialists were assessed by Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results:The mean±standard deviation of age,graduation time,and clinical experience were 44.52±6.45,3.26±2.28,and 6.76±5.27 years,respectively.Evaluating the data showed,that 52 participants(53.1%)had not passed any EBM training courses.Social media,general and medical databases,textbooks,colleagues,and journal articles were used frequently in clinical practices,but the specific EBM-specific resources were neglected.Conclusions:More attention must be paid to produce scientific evidence,improving the infrastructures and health policies,and empowering PM specialists to apply EBM in their clinical practices.展开更多
Purpose:Heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB)is one of the common causes of women in reproductive age referring to gynecology centers.Methods:In this review study,the causes of HMB were assembled from reliable books of Persia...Purpose:Heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB)is one of the common causes of women in reproductive age referring to gynecology centers.Methods:In this review study,the causes of HMB were assembled from reliable books of Persian Medicine(PM).To compare with new scientific evidence,the HMB characteristics were searched using databases including PubMed,Google Scholar and Scopus as well as valid references of current medicine books.Results:The causes of HMB in PM,similar to current medicine,are divided into three categories including functional,structural and drugs.Functional and drug causes in both schools of medicine are almost concordant.In the structural category,we can consider the presence of a mass in uterus,cervix,and vagina,as mentioned in PM,equivalent with polyps and leiomyomas.Also in PM,mucosal disturbances in this tissues match cervicitis and vaginitis properties.For some causes mentioned in PM such as Akele,Hekke,and weakness of uterus and its tissues,no equivalent was available in current medicine.Conclusions:There are more similarities in menstrual bleeding in both current and Persian Medicine.In some cases,patients present with HMB for which there is no known cause in current medicine.In these cases,the etiologies mentioned in Persian Medicine and their treatment can be used.展开更多
Nutrition is one of the most important principles in Persian medicine,and Persian scholars have written various books and treatises on this subject.Atamat al-Marza by Hakim Roshan Zamir is one of these books.Hakim Ros...Nutrition is one of the most important principles in Persian medicine,and Persian scholars have written various books and treatises on this subject.Atamat al-Marza by Hakim Roshan Zamir is one of these books.Hakim Roshan Zamir was a wise Persian scholar who lived in 12th-13th centuries AH(18th-19th centuries AD).He described the details of food-based treatment carefully in his book,Atamat al-Marza.This article tries to introduce this book and the role of foods in Persian medicine and represent recommendations and viewpoints of Hakim Roshan Zamir in this field.展开更多
Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to red...Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensiv...BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensive,safe,and ready-touse oral solution that can supplement sodium in such cases.AIM To assess the impact of prophylactic sodium supplementation via ORS on clinical and hospital outcomes in infants and children admitted with pneumonia.METHODS A randomized,interventional controlled trial was conducted on 140 infants and children admitted with pneumonia(70 per group).The primary outcome was hospital length of stay,with secondary outcomes including serum sodium and potassium levels,clinical respiratory scores,modified shock index,and nutritional/inflammatory markers.The hospital length of stay and both the laboratory and clinical parameters of the interventional and control groups were compared.RESULTS The hospital stay was longer in the control group than in the intervention group(P value=0.001;effect size=0.59).Clinical respiratory scores on day 4 were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P value=0.001).Sodium levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the intervention group at discharge(P value=0.002).CONCLUSION Prophylactic oral sodium supplementation through ORS may have a health-promoting effect on infants and children admitted with pneumonia.展开更多
Objective:Non-pharmacological treatments of traditional medical systems are becoming recognized in management of respiratory diseases,especially COVID-19.This study was designed to evaluate the effec-tiveness of acupu...Objective:Non-pharmacological treatments of traditional medical systems are becoming recognized in management of respiratory diseases,especially COVID-19.This study was designed to evaluate the effec-tiveness of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods:This randomized controlled trial was performed on 70 moderate to severe hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Patients were randomized into two groups,receiving conventional treatment alone or in combination with acupuncture for 7 days.Both groups were followed up for 28 days.Respiratory rate and SpO_(2)were considered as primary outcomes.Additionally,respiratory symptoms(cough,dyspnea,chest tightness,and oxygen demand)and duration of hospitalization,ICU admission,intubation,and mortality rate were evaluated.The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded.Results:Acupuncture significantly improved respiratory rate and SpO_(2)after 3 days(v.s.7 days in con-trol group).SpO_(2)reached 93%from the third day of conducting acupuncture.Respiratory symptoms were relieved after 7 days in the both groups,but were significant from day 3 in the acupuncture group(P<0.001).Duration of hospitalization was less in the acupuncture group(3 days v.s.11 days),with no ICU admission,intubation or death.In contrast,8 patients in the control group were admitted to ICU,of whom 4 were intubated and died.No adverse effect was reported.Conclusion:Acupuncture can play a significant role as a safe and effective complementary treatment in the management of COVID-19.展开更多
文摘Backgroundand Aim:Using simulation in learning medical interventions is a common practice.Simulation techniques provided a safe environment for trainees and students to acquire clinical skills and knowledge to practice in a real clinical environment.The aim of this review is to assess the use of health simulation in the field of complementary medicine education.Methods:Three medical databases were searched from inception to 15 November 2021.The inclusion criteria were clinical trials that used simulation in the field of complementary medicine training and in English language and the full text can be retrieved.Results:After searching,495 articles were retrieved,235 articles were excluded for duplication and 249 articles were excluded after screening of titles/abstracts and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally,11 articles were included in this review.These clinical trials had 719 participants and reported positive impact of using simulation in complementary medicine education.Conclusion:Simulation wasused for training of some complementary medicine therapies such as chiropractic,acupuncture,massage therapy,cupping therapy and osteopathy.Using simulation in complementary medicine education is recommended to ensure a safe environment for training.Conducting high quality clinical trials to evaluate the use of simulation in complementary medicine education is highly recommended.
文摘Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease trajectory.While acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer patients.Methods An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New Zealand.Results In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer patients.Most practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per week.Breast cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM clinics.Adjunctive TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating oncologist.According to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related fatigue.TCIM practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer patients.Most practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.
文摘Cancer ranks among the foremost causes of mortality.Health organizations indicate that prevention,through healthy and balanced lifestyles,is the key factor for decreasing cancer risk and,consequently,reducing cancer prevalence and mortality.There is growing interest in discovering dietary patterns and food phytochemicals with potential anticancer effects to support public health strategies.Naturopathy emphasizes cancer prevention primarily through a plant-based diet abundant in functional foods,which enhance the innate defenses of the body against cancer.This article offers an analysis and overview of plant-based functional foods that have demonstrated anticancer properties in scientific studies,focusing on the mechanisms through which phytochemical compounds exert their chemopreventive actions.The plant-based functional foods and their constitution in phytochemicals,scientifically recognized for reducing cancer risk by various actions,are explored—citrus fruit(citrusflavonoids),berries(anthocyanins),pomegranate(ellagic acid),tomato(lycopene),soybeans and soy-based foods(isoflavones),cruciferous vegetables(indole-3-carbinol and sulforaphane),garlic(allicin)and onions(onionin A),green tea(catechins),and turmeric(curcumin).Cancer che-moprevention mechanisms involve antioxidants,anti-inflammatory effects,enhanced detoxification,carcinogen activation block-ade,antiangiogenesis,cell proliferation inhibition,apoptosis,cell cycle arrest,hormone-dependent carcinogenesis suppression,and epigenetic regulation.While numerous studies investigate the health-promoting potential of phytochemicals,it is important to emphasize that cancer prevention is multifactorial,influenced by many factors,such as other lifestyle aspects,genetics,and environment.Future perspectives will concentrate on personalized nutrition and nutrigenomics to enhance cancer prevention strategies,integrating scientific evidence-based naturopathic strategies for more effective cancer prevention.
基金approved by the IMU Joint Committee on Research and Ethics(IMU-JC)on October 19th 2023.Approved institutional review board number is 4.10/JCM-275/2023.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government efforts to formalize TCM practice,initiatives such as the establishment of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine(T&CM)Division in 2004 and the gazettement of the T&CM Act 2016 have been implemented.However,TCM remains underutilized among the Malay population,primarily due to cultural,religious,and linguistic factors.This paper explored the knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns regarding TCM of Malay people who visited the Urban Transformation Centre(UTC)in Shah Alam between October 2023 and January 2024.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at UTC Shah Alam in Selangor,Malaysia,using stratified sampling.A validated questionnaire was used to assess demographic information,knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns related to TCM.Among the respondents,both attitude and behavior pattern scores were generally positive.Financial status was identified as a significant factor influencing both attitudes and behavior patterns.Halal certification was identified as a key factor affecting the acceptance of Chinese herbal medicine.The findings suggest that possible pathways to broaden engagement would include increased availability of halal-certified TCM products,and clearer regulatory guidelines.Collaborative efforts that respect and incorporate local traditional practices,alongside support for localized TCM education,may contribute to greater inclusion.This localized model not only addresses specific community health challenges,but also offers perspectives into the potential role of traditional medicine in the global health landscape through cultural exchange and mutual learning.
基金funded by the 3-Year Plan to Further Speed the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai (2014-2016 No. ZY3-GJHZ-2-1001, No. ZY3-RCPY-3-1046)the 2016 State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project for the First Special Batch of Shanghai
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a unique health resource in China and one of the main representative traditional medicines globally. TCM has formed a new way of looking at medical practices, health care, scientific research, education, industry and culture. It focuses on promoting and safeguarding the health of people, with an increasing contribution to economic and social development. Establishing a comprehensive evaluation system in accordance with the characteristics of TCM services could promote the scientific merit and the standardization of services management. This would improve health service quality and the social and economic benefits of TCM. It would broaden the field of TCM services research. It would also provide the basis for the formulation of relevant government policies. This study estimates the prospect of establishing a comprehensive evaluation system of TCM services.
文摘Background:Reviewing historical evidence in the various schools of traditional medicine shows that numerous methods have been used to maintain human good health and treatment of diseases.Persian medicine(PM)scholars have been employed different methods to prescribe medications,which can be classified into two main groups:internal uses,including oral,parenteral,and anal,and also external uses such as topical,transdermal,and applying pendants.In this study,we aim to introduce some of the therapeutic pendants.Methods:We reviewed the most famous PM textbooks and current evidence in relevant databases such as PubMed,Science Direct,Scopus,Google scholar and SID related to the topic.Results:In this study,about 100 traditional therapeutic substances were found and finally,thirty-two of them were represented.They were often stones,and some of them were other materials such as metals,gums,and herbs.According to the PM,the utilization of pendants,in addition to cosmetic purposes,has been considered to maintain the health and treatment of some diseases.Therapeutic pendants can be considered as a kind of external medication use in which therapeutic materials are hung on the body surface.The external use of pendants could have curative effects with their close contact to the body surface.Conclusion:Pendant therapy may probably be considered as a non-invasive and easy-to-use treatment with unnoticeable side effects that can be utilized along with other therapies.
文摘AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) as a diagnostic marker for ruling out pre-existing liver disease were enrolled in a prospective study of a safety program carried out at the First German Hospital of TCM from 1994 to 2015. All patients received herbal products, and their ALT values were reassessed 1-3 d prior to discharge. To verify or exclude causality for suspected TCM herbs, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) was used.RESULTS This report presents for the first time liver injury data derived from a prospective, hospital-based and largescale study of 21470 patients who had no liver disease prior to treatment with herbal TCM. Among these, ALT ranged from 1 × to < 5 × upper limit normal(ULN) in 844 patients(3.93%) and suggested mild or moderate liver adaptive abnormalities. However, 26 patients(0.12%) experienced higher ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN(300.0 ± 172.9 U/L, mean ± SD). Causality for TCM herbs was RUCAM-based probable in 8/26 patients, possible in 16/26, and excluded in 2/26 cases. Bupleuri radix and Scutellariae radix were the two TCM herbs most commonly implicated. CONCLUSION In 26(0.12%) of 21470 patients treated with herbal TCM, liver injury with ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN was found, which normalized shortly following treatment cessation, also substantiating causality.
文摘Terminalia chebula(family:Combretaceae)is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia,constipation,and diabetes.This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine(ITM)as halileh or halilaj and the fruit is used to develop treatments.It is described in ITM as an astringent that has a"cold"and"dry"temperament.References to the medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula were collected from important ITM sources and from modern medical databases(Pub Med,Scirus,Science Direct,and Scopus).The medicinal properties described for thistree in ITM were compared with those reported in studies of modern phytotherapy.The results confirm that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-day studies.Treatments that have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include fever,and psychological and psychiatric issues.This article confirms the medicinal uses of Terminalia chebula.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To describe the common causes of headache as well as the different methods of Phlebotomy(Fasd) and wet Cupping(Hijamat) based on Persian Medicine.METHODS: In this study, we searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pub Med and Scopus to get any in vitro or clinical evidence of the efficacy and possible mechanisms of phlebotomy or wet cupping on different types of headaches. Also different types of headaches, according to PM, under the title of "Sodaa"; extracted from famous Persian medical text books with key words including "Sodaa","Bayze" and "Shaqiqe".RESULTS: According to PM, diseases(dystemperament) are created by abnormal alteration in temperament. Temperament is a monolithic quality yielded by interaction between opposing qualities of four elements that are coldness, hotness, dryness and wetness. Headaches are caused by dystemperament(sue-Mizaj) in brain or in total body that are divided into simple and corporal. Common forms of the latter type are Vaporal and Migrant headache(Bokhari and Rihi). Each of these headaches is treated either through phlebotomy or wet cupping.CONCLUSION: In Persian Medicine, Fasd and Hijamat are easy and economical methods for treatment of headache with reasonable results. By describing the precise areas and indications of phlebotomy and wet cupping, this study provides the first step for future clinical trials in this field.
文摘The process of food digestion is one of the most important physiologic processes in human body. In this review, we are seeking the views of Avicenna, the most distinguished Persian medical scholar about digestion and indigestion. Avicenna’s view was based on the humoral theory. Avicenna has focused scrutiny on the process of digestion. He divided this process into four phases including gastric, hepatic, intravascular and intra-organ digestion. A defect in any of these phases can lead to disturbance in other stages. Avicenna approached the problem of indigestion through factors of diet, lifestyle and inherent structural characteristics of digestive organs. Modern medicine confirms Avicenna's opinion about the start of digestion from the mouth, the role of the stomach in digestion and the role of the liver in the metabolism of foods. Overeating or eating certain foods, snacking between meals, eating variety of different foods together, intense physical activity, sexual activity after a meal, stress and sleep insufficiency are among factors that may be linked to indigestion in modern medicine viewpoints and also have been mentioned in Avicenna's teachings. It seems rational to consider the medical approaches recommended by Avicenna for future studies in the field of digestive disorders.
基金the Innovative Research Team of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2011-CXTD-09)partially supported by the“Capacity Building Project for TCM Clinical Researchers”(Grant No.:201207007)from the State Administration of TCM in China.
文摘Object:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been taught widely in the both Eastern and Western world countries.This study compared the origin,student source,duration,and curriculum design of TCM higher education programs in China and five Western countries.Method:We searched the Internet and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database to gather relevant information.Result:All the six countries offer acupuncture and/or Chinese herbal medicine programs at universities and/or private schools.However,there are great large differences among them in the education of curriculum and TCM students enrollment and curriculum policies of TCM courses.Conclusions:There are large differences among their curriculum and enrollment policies.This comparison should provide information about the further development of international standards in TCM education.
文摘One of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) used in the treatment ofgastrointestinal (GI) disorders, is the plant Artemisia absinthium Linn. (AAL). It also has a wide range of activitiessuch as analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activities, hepatoprotective,and neuroprotective activities in addition to having gastroprotective effects. This article is a review comparingTPM resources with new medicines. This review investigates this herb in major TPM sources and strives toextrapolate the exact function it serves in the digestive tract and compares the collected information on the functionof AAL with information found in new medical resource databases such as ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar,and Scientific Information Database. AAL from the Asteraceae family of TPM, known as Afsentin, was used in thetreatment of GI weaknesses, stomach pains, swellings, intestinal parasites, diarrhea, and vomiting. AAL increasedappetite, so it was used for insect repellents and insecticide. Recent studies have indicated that the effects of thisplant improved the symptoms of Crohn's disease and played a role in reducing inflammatory factors. It also hasstrong anti-parasitic, anti-insect, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. Given the widespread use of AAL as atraditional medicine currently in use in different countries, particularly in the treatment of GI diseases, furtherclinical studies that focus on the therapeutic qualities of this plant are required in the future.
文摘Introduction:Considering the importance of evidence-based medicine(EBM)and the emphasis of Persian medicine(PM)experts on its use,this study was designed;to investigate the practice of PM specialists,the obstacles,challenges,and solutions of developing and using EBM in PM were also the aims of the present study.Method:In the present study,98 PM specialists,who work in Iran completed the electronic Persian version of the evidence-based medicine.The effective factors in the practice of specialists were assessed by Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results:The mean±standard deviation of age,graduation time,and clinical experience were 44.52±6.45,3.26±2.28,and 6.76±5.27 years,respectively.Evaluating the data showed,that 52 participants(53.1%)had not passed any EBM training courses.Social media,general and medical databases,textbooks,colleagues,and journal articles were used frequently in clinical practices,but the specific EBM-specific resources were neglected.Conclusions:More attention must be paid to produce scientific evidence,improving the infrastructures and health policies,and empowering PM specialists to apply EBM in their clinical practices.
文摘Purpose:Heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB)is one of the common causes of women in reproductive age referring to gynecology centers.Methods:In this review study,the causes of HMB were assembled from reliable books of Persian Medicine(PM).To compare with new scientific evidence,the HMB characteristics were searched using databases including PubMed,Google Scholar and Scopus as well as valid references of current medicine books.Results:The causes of HMB in PM,similar to current medicine,are divided into three categories including functional,structural and drugs.Functional and drug causes in both schools of medicine are almost concordant.In the structural category,we can consider the presence of a mass in uterus,cervix,and vagina,as mentioned in PM,equivalent with polyps and leiomyomas.Also in PM,mucosal disturbances in this tissues match cervicitis and vaginitis properties.For some causes mentioned in PM such as Akele,Hekke,and weakness of uterus and its tissues,no equivalent was available in current medicine.Conclusions:There are more similarities in menstrual bleeding in both current and Persian Medicine.In some cases,patients present with HMB for which there is no known cause in current medicine.In these cases,the etiologies mentioned in Persian Medicine and their treatment can be used.
文摘Nutrition is one of the most important principles in Persian medicine,and Persian scholars have written various books and treatises on this subject.Atamat al-Marza by Hakim Roshan Zamir is one of these books.Hakim Roshan Zamir was a wise Persian scholar who lived in 12th-13th centuries AH(18th-19th centuries AD).He described the details of food-based treatment carefully in his book,Atamat al-Marza.This article tries to introduce this book and the role of foods in Persian medicine and represent recommendations and viewpoints of Hakim Roshan Zamir in this field.
文摘Cancer remains a significant challenge to public health worldwide and ranks among the leading contributors to mortality in diverse populations.This persistent impact underscores the need for proactive approaches to reduce its incidence.Chemoprevention focuses on interrupting tumor development through naturally occurring compounds,particularly plant-derived bioactive com-pounds.These phytochemicals exert protective effects by modulating key molecular pathways and enhancing detoxification.Of particular interest are those that regulate phase I and II enzymes,facilitating carcinogen elimination and mitigating cellular damage associated with cancer progression.This review examines phytochemicals from plant-derived functional foods that enhance detoxification pathways for cancer prevention,summarizing current evidence and future directions for their clinical application and dietary integration.Emphasis is placed on specific bioactive constituents,such as sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables,organosulfur compounds in garlic,betanin from beetroot,a spectrum of citrus fruitflavonoids includingβ-cryptoxanthin,hesperidin,and nobiletin,epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea,and curcumin derived from turmeric.These naturally occurring compounds regulate enzymatic pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism,underscoring their relevance in nutritional oncology.Findings from diverse experimental models show they inhibit phase I enzymes,induce phase II detox enzymes,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway,and modulate gene expression epigenetically.Collectively,these multifaceted actions contribute to their protective role against carcinogenesis.Although natural approaches show promise for cancer prevention,they face challenges related to bioavailability,standardization,and clinical validation,necessitating further research for effective integration into evidence-based oncology.
文摘BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a prevalent and serious electrolyte imbalance in pediatric pneumonia and is linked to increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.Oral rehydration solution(ORS)is an available,inexpensive,safe,and ready-touse oral solution that can supplement sodium in such cases.AIM To assess the impact of prophylactic sodium supplementation via ORS on clinical and hospital outcomes in infants and children admitted with pneumonia.METHODS A randomized,interventional controlled trial was conducted on 140 infants and children admitted with pneumonia(70 per group).The primary outcome was hospital length of stay,with secondary outcomes including serum sodium and potassium levels,clinical respiratory scores,modified shock index,and nutritional/inflammatory markers.The hospital length of stay and both the laboratory and clinical parameters of the interventional and control groups were compared.RESULTS The hospital stay was longer in the control group than in the intervention group(P value=0.001;effect size=0.59).Clinical respiratory scores on day 4 were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P value=0.001).Sodium levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the intervention group at discharge(P value=0.002).CONCLUSION Prophylactic oral sodium supplementation through ORS may have a health-promoting effect on infants and children admitted with pneumonia.
文摘Objective:Non-pharmacological treatments of traditional medical systems are becoming recognized in management of respiratory diseases,especially COVID-19.This study was designed to evaluate the effec-tiveness of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods:This randomized controlled trial was performed on 70 moderate to severe hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Patients were randomized into two groups,receiving conventional treatment alone or in combination with acupuncture for 7 days.Both groups were followed up for 28 days.Respiratory rate and SpO_(2)were considered as primary outcomes.Additionally,respiratory symptoms(cough,dyspnea,chest tightness,and oxygen demand)and duration of hospitalization,ICU admission,intubation,and mortality rate were evaluated.The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded.Results:Acupuncture significantly improved respiratory rate and SpO_(2)after 3 days(v.s.7 days in con-trol group).SpO_(2)reached 93%from the third day of conducting acupuncture.Respiratory symptoms were relieved after 7 days in the both groups,but were significant from day 3 in the acupuncture group(P<0.001).Duration of hospitalization was less in the acupuncture group(3 days v.s.11 days),with no ICU admission,intubation or death.In contrast,8 patients in the control group were admitted to ICU,of whom 4 were intubated and died.No adverse effect was reported.Conclusion:Acupuncture can play a significant role as a safe and effective complementary treatment in the management of COVID-19.
