Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuo...Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.展开更多
Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only fin...Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only finding was a weak invers e association with omega-3 fatty acids that was lost after adjustment for poten tial confounders, suggesting that diet in pregnancy does not influence offspring blood pressure in wellnourished populations.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Although excess white sugar intake imposes various health burdens,brown sugar is high in minerals,polyphenols,and polycosanol.However,few epidemiological studies have assessed brown sugar int...Background and Objectives:Although excess white sugar intake imposes various health burdens,brown sugar is high in minerals,polyphenols,and polycosanol.However,few epidemiological studies have assessed brown sugar intake for health benefit.People in the Amami islands region,with a relatively high proportion of individuals with longevity,consume brown sugar as a type of refreshment.This cohort study was conducted in Amami to clarify the association of brown sugar intake with mortality risk and cancer incidence.Methods and Study Design:Participants were recruited from the general population of Amami as part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.The number of eligible participants was 5004(2057 men and 2947 women).During the median follow-up period of 13.4 years,274 deaths and 338 cases of cancer were observed.HRs and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model,after adjusting for sugar-related and other variables.Results:After adjusting for their related confounding factors,brown sugar intake was associated with decreased HRs and a decreasing trend for all-site and stomach cancer incidence(p=0.001 and 0.017,respectively)in women and men,and for breast cancer incidence(p=0.034)in women.Additionally,a decreasing trend in the HRs for lung cancer incidence was observed among never and ex-smokers(p=0.039).Decreased HRs for overall death,cancer,and cardiovascular disease were not apparent.Conclusions:Brown sugar intake was associated with decreased risk of all-site,stomach,and breast cancer incidences in the Amami population.展开更多
文摘Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.
文摘Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only finding was a weak invers e association with omega-3 fatty acids that was lost after adjustment for poten tial confounders, suggesting that diet in pregnancy does not influence offspring blood pressure in wellnourished populations.
基金supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer(No.17015018)Innovative Areas(No.221S0001)by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16H06277(CoBiA)from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology。
文摘Background and Objectives:Although excess white sugar intake imposes various health burdens,brown sugar is high in minerals,polyphenols,and polycosanol.However,few epidemiological studies have assessed brown sugar intake for health benefit.People in the Amami islands region,with a relatively high proportion of individuals with longevity,consume brown sugar as a type of refreshment.This cohort study was conducted in Amami to clarify the association of brown sugar intake with mortality risk and cancer incidence.Methods and Study Design:Participants were recruited from the general population of Amami as part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.The number of eligible participants was 5004(2057 men and 2947 women).During the median follow-up period of 13.4 years,274 deaths and 338 cases of cancer were observed.HRs and 95%CIs were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model,after adjusting for sugar-related and other variables.Results:After adjusting for their related confounding factors,brown sugar intake was associated with decreased HRs and a decreasing trend for all-site and stomach cancer incidence(p=0.001 and 0.017,respectively)in women and men,and for breast cancer incidence(p=0.034)in women.Additionally,a decreasing trend in the HRs for lung cancer incidence was observed among never and ex-smokers(p=0.039).Decreased HRs for overall death,cancer,and cardiovascular disease were not apparent.Conclusions:Brown sugar intake was associated with decreased risk of all-site,stomach,and breast cancer incidences in the Amami population.
