Interconnection of all things challenges the traditional communication methods,and Semantic Communication and Computing(SCC)will become new solutions.It is a challenging task to accurately detect,extract,and represent...Interconnection of all things challenges the traditional communication methods,and Semantic Communication and Computing(SCC)will become new solutions.It is a challenging task to accurately detect,extract,and represent semantic information in the research of SCC-based networks.In previous research,researchers usually use convolution to extract the feature information of a graph and perform the corresponding task of node classification.However,the content of semantic information is quite complex.Although graph convolutional neural networks provide an effective solution for node classification tasks,due to their limitations in representing multiple relational patterns and not recognizing and analyzing higher-order local structures,the extracted feature information is subject to varying degrees of loss.Therefore,this paper extends from a single-layer topology network to a multi-layer heterogeneous topology network.The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)training word vector is introduced to extract the semantic features in the network,and the existing graph neural network is improved by combining the higher-order local feature module of the network model representation network.A multi-layer network embedding algorithm on SCC-based networks with motifs is proposed to complete the task of end-to-end node classification.We verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on a real multi-layer heterogeneous network.展开更多
Cognitive Internet of Vehicles(CIoV)can improve spectrum utilization by accessing the spectrum licensed to primary user(PU)under the premise of not disturbing the PU’s transmissions.However,the traditional static spe...Cognitive Internet of Vehicles(CIoV)can improve spectrum utilization by accessing the spectrum licensed to primary user(PU)under the premise of not disturbing the PU’s transmissions.However,the traditional static spectrum access makes the CIoV unable to adapt to the various spectrum environments.In this paper,a reinforcement learning based dynamic spectrum access scheme is proposed to improve the transmission performance of the CIoV in the licensed spectrum,and avoid causing harmful interference to the PU.The frame structure of the CIoV is separated into sensing period and access period,whereby the CIoV can optimize the transmission parameters in the access period according to the spectrum decisions in the sensing period.Considering both detection probability and false alarm probability,a Q-learning based spectrum access algorithm is proposed for the CIoV to intelligently select the optimal channel,bandwidth and transmit power under the dynamic spectrum states and various spectrum sensing performance.The simulations have shown that compared with the traditional non-learning spectrum access algorithm,the proposed Q-learning algorithm can effectively improve the spectral efficiency and throughput of the CIoV as well as decrease the interference power to the PU.展开更多
Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,...Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,we studied the spectrum along the fixation trajectory of PS in frequency domain to tackle the accuracy problem.Fresh porcine vertebrae,bovine vertebrae and ovine vertebrae were measured with the near-infrared spectrum(NIR)device to obtain the reflected spectrum from the vertebrae.Along the fixation trajectory of PS,average energy from different groups was calculated and used for identifying different tissues and compared to achieve the optimal recognition factor.Compared with the time domain approach,the frequency domain method could divide the spectra measured at different tissue points into different groups more stably and accurately,which could serve as a new method to assist the PS insertion.The results gained from this study are significant to the development of hi-tech medical instruments with independent intellectual property rights.展开更多
We have studied the optical transmission of one-dimensional Fibonacci-class quasiperiodic multilayers, which possess a mirror symmetry. We find that the transmission coefficient is unity for all studied sequences at t...We have studied the optical transmission of one-dimensional Fibonacci-class quasiperiodic multilayers, which possess a mirror symmetry. We find that the transmission coefficient is unity for all studied sequences at the central wavelength λ=λ0, where λ0 = (1/4)nA(B)dA(B) with nA(B) and dA(B) being the index of refraction and thickness of twokinds of layers, respectively. Two-cycle or three-cycle has been found around λ = λ0, which is different from the features of the sequences without symmetric structure.展开更多
Intracranial hypertension is a serious threat to the health of neurosurgical patients.At present,there is a lack of a safe and e®ective technology to monitor intracranial pressure(ICP)accurately and nondestructiv...Intracranial hypertension is a serious threat to the health of neurosurgical patients.At present,there is a lack of a safe and e®ective technology to monitor intracranial pressure(ICP)accurately and nondestructively.In this paper,based on near infrared technology,the continuous nonde-structive monitoring of ICP change caused by brain edema was studied.The rat brain edema models were constructed by lipopolysaccharide.The ICP monitor and the self-made near infrared tissue parameter measuring instrument were used to monitor the invasive intracranial pressure and the reduced scattering coe±cient of brain tissue during the brain edema development.The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the reduced scattering coe±cient(690nm and 834nm)and ICP,and then the mathematical model was established.The experimental results promoted the development of nondestructive ICP monitoring based on near infrared technology.展开更多
Cathode samples of nano-diamond by graphitization pretreatment with different temperatures were fabricated by electrophoresis, then the structures and morphologies of the cathode samples were characterized by scanning...Cathode samples of nano-diamond by graphitization pretreatment with different temperatures were fabricated by electrophoresis, then the structures and morphologies of the cathode samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the field emission tests were conducted. The effects of graphitization pretreatment on the field emission characteristics of nano-diamond cathode surface on titanium substrate are studied. The results indicate that the surface morphologies of nano-diamond cathode samples after graphitization pretreatment change a lot, and the field emission characteristics in low-voltage area are improved obviously. However, in high-voltage area, the curve distortion happens, and it doesn't conform the mechanism of field emission characteristics.展开更多
Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized co...Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized collection of sensor nodes （SNs） that may be deployed randomly in a body area network to collect data from the human body. In a health monitoring system, it may be es-sential to maintain constant environmental conditions within a specific area in the hospital. In this paper, we propose a tempera-ture-monitoring system and describe a case study of a health-monitoring system for patents critically ill with the same disease and in the same environment. We propose Enhanced LEACH Selective Cluster （E-LEACH-SC） routing protocol for monitoring the tem-perature of an area in a hospital. We modified existing Selective Cluster LEACH protocol by using a fixed-distance-based thresh-old to divide the coverage region in two subregions. Direct data transmission and selective cluster-based data transmission ap-proaches were used to provide short-range and long-distance coverage for the collection of data from the body of ill patients. Ex-tensive simulations were run by varying the ratio of node densities of the two subregions in the health-monitoring system. Last Node Alive （LNA）, which is a measure of network lifespan, was the parameter for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases network lifespan compared with traditional LEACH and LEACH-SC protocols, which by themselves improve the overall performance of the health-monitoring system.展开更多
This paper proposes a model-based reference tracking scheme for stable,MIMO,nonlinear processes.A Joint Unscented Kalman Filtering technique is exploited here to develop a stochastic model of the physical process via ...This paper proposes a model-based reference tracking scheme for stable,MIMO,nonlinear processes.A Joint Unscented Kalman Filtering technique is exploited here to develop a stochastic model of the physical process via simultaneous estimation of the process states and the time-varying/uncertain parameters.Unlike the existing nonlinear model predictive controllers,the proposed scheme does not involve any dynamic optimisation process,which helps to reduce the overall complexity,computation overburden and execution time.Furthermore,the proposed methodology offers robustness to process model-mismatch and considers the effects of stochastic disturbances.A nonlinear two-tank liquid-level control problem and a nonlinear coupled level-temperature control process are studied to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
Several public-key encryption schemes used to solve the problem of ciphertext data processing on the fly are discussed. A new targeted fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem is pre...Several public-key encryption schemes used to solve the problem of ciphertext data processing on the fly are discussed. A new targeted fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem is presented. Public-key encryption cryptosystems are classified to examine homomorphic encryption. Without employing techniques proposed by Gentry such as somewhat homomorphic and bootstrapping techniques, or relinearization technique proposed by Brakerski et al., a new method called ＂Double Decryption Algorithm＂ is employed in our cryptography to satisfy a fully or targeted fully homomorphic property. Inspired by EIGamal and BGN cryptography, we obtain the desired fully homomorphic property by selecting a new group and adding an extra component to the ciphertext. Proof of semantic security is also demonstrated.展开更多
Object detection is the most fundamental but challenging issues in the field of computer vision.Object detection identifies the presence of various individual objects in an image.Great success is attained for object d...Object detection is the most fundamental but challenging issues in the field of computer vision.Object detection identifies the presence of various individual objects in an image.Great success is attained for object detection/recognition problems in the controlled environment,but still,the problem remains unsolved in the uncontrolled places,particularly,when the objects are placed in arbitrary poses in an occluded and cluttered environment.In the last few years,a lots of efforts are made by researchers to resolve this issue,because of its wide range of applications in computer vision tasks,like content-enabled image retrieval,event or activity recognition,scene understanding,and so on.This review provides a detailed survey of 50 research papers presenting the object detection techniques,like machine learning-based techniques,gradient-based techniques,Fast Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Fast R-CNN)detector,and the foreground-based techniques.Here,the machine learning-based approaches are classified into deep learning-based approaches,random forest,Support Vector Machine(SVM),and so on.Moreover,the challenges faced by the existing techniques are explained in the gaps and issues section.The analysis based on the classification,toolset,datasets utilized,published year,and the performance metrics are discussed.The future dimension of the research is based on the gaps and issues identified from the existing research works.展开更多
With technology scaling,stability,power dissipation,and device variability,the impact of process,voltage and temperature(PVT)variations has become dominant for static random access memory(SRAM)analysis for productivit...With technology scaling,stability,power dissipation,and device variability,the impact of process,voltage and temperature(PVT)variations has become dominant for static random access memory(SRAM)analysis for productivity and failure.In this paper,ten-transistors(10T)and low power eight-transistors SRAM cells are redesigned using floating-gate MOS transistors(FGMOS).Power centric parameters viz.read power,write power,hold power and delay are the performance analysis metrics.Further,the stochastic parameter variation to study the variability tolerance of the redesigned cell,PVT variations and Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for 10T FGMOS SRAM cell.Stability has been illustrated with the conventional butterfly method giving read static noise margin(RSNM)and write static noise margin(WSNM)metrics for read stability and write ability,respectively.A comparative analysis with standard six-transistor SRAM cell is carried out.HSPICE simulative analysis has been carried out for 32 nm technology node.The redesigned FGMOS SRAM cells provide improved performance.Also,these are robust and reliability efficient with comparable stability.展开更多
We analyze the energy performance of a complete adiabatic circuit/system including the Power Clock Generator （PCG） at the 90 nm CMOS technology node. The energy performance in terms of the conversion efficiency of t...We analyze the energy performance of a complete adiabatic circuit/system including the Power Clock Generator （PCG） at the 90 nm CMOS technology node. The energy performance in terms of the conversion efficiency of the PCG is extensively carried out under the variations of supply voltage, process comer and the driver transistor＇s width. We propose an energy-efficient singe cycle control circuit based on the two-stage comparator for the synchronous charge recovery sinusoidal power clock generator （PCG）. The proposed PCG is used to drive the 4-bit adiabatic Ripple Carry Adder （RCA） and their simulation results are compared with the adiabatic RCA driven by the reported PCG. We have also simulated the logically equivalent static CMOS RCA circuit to compare the energy saving of adiabatic and non-adiabatic logic circuits. In the clock frequency range from 25 MHz to 1GHz, the proposed PCG gives a maximum conversion efficiency of 56.48%. This research work shows how the design of an efficient PCG increases the energy saving of adiabatic logic.展开更多
In this paper, we explore the possibility of mapping devices designed in TCAD environment to its modeled version developed in cadence virtuoso environment using a look-up table （LUT） approach. Circuit simu- lation o...In this paper, we explore the possibility of mapping devices designed in TCAD environment to its modeled version developed in cadence virtuoso environment using a look-up table （LUT） approach. Circuit simu- lation of newly designed devices in TCAD environment is a very slow and tedious process involving complex scripting. Hence, the LUT based modeling approach has been proposed as a faster and easier alternative in ca- dence environment. The LUTs are prepared by extracting data from the device characteristics obtained from device simulation in TCAD. A comparative study is shown between the TCAD simulation and the LUT-based alternative to showcase the accuracy of modeled devices. Finally the look-up table approach is used to evaluate the perform- ance of circuits implemented using 14 nm nMOSFET.展开更多
In this paper,an improved optimization approach,free search with double populations(FSDP)which is based on free search(FS)algorithm,is proposed.Comparing to FS algorithm,FSDP preserves the sub-optimal solutions and ad...In this paper,an improved optimization approach,free search with double populations(FSDP)which is based on free search(FS)algorithm,is proposed.Comparing to FS algorithm,FSDP preserves the sub-optimal solutions and adopts elitist strategy in the searching process,which effectively avoids falling into local optimum and improves the convergence speed and the search accuracy.Simulation results show that FSDP has a better comprehensive performance over FS,PSO and GA.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101088,61801076,61971336)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-MS-157,2023-MS-108)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Funds for Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(BDIC-2023-A-003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3132022230).
文摘Interconnection of all things challenges the traditional communication methods,and Semantic Communication and Computing(SCC)will become new solutions.It is a challenging task to accurately detect,extract,and represent semantic information in the research of SCC-based networks.In previous research,researchers usually use convolution to extract the feature information of a graph and perform the corresponding task of node classification.However,the content of semantic information is quite complex.Although graph convolutional neural networks provide an effective solution for node classification tasks,due to their limitations in representing multiple relational patterns and not recognizing and analyzing higher-order local structures,the extracted feature information is subject to varying degrees of loss.Therefore,this paper extends from a single-layer topology network to a multi-layer heterogeneous topology network.The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)training word vector is introduced to extract the semantic features in the network,and the existing graph neural network is improved by combining the higher-order local feature module of the network model representation network.A multi-layer network embedding algorithm on SCC-based networks with motifs is proposed to complete the task of end-to-end node classification.We verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on a real multi-layer heterogeneous network.
基金This work was supported by the Joint Foundations of the National Natural Science Foundations of China and the Civil Aviation of China under Grant U1833102the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grants 2020-HYLH-13 and 2019-ZD-0014+1 种基金the fundamental research funds for the central universities under Grant DUT21JC20the Engineering Research Center of Mobile Communications,Ministry of Education.
文摘Cognitive Internet of Vehicles(CIoV)can improve spectrum utilization by accessing the spectrum licensed to primary user(PU)under the premise of not disturbing the PU’s transmissions.However,the traditional static spectrum access makes the CIoV unable to adapt to the various spectrum environments.In this paper,a reinforcement learning based dynamic spectrum access scheme is proposed to improve the transmission performance of the CIoV in the licensed spectrum,and avoid causing harmful interference to the PU.The frame structure of the CIoV is separated into sensing period and access period,whereby the CIoV can optimize the transmission parameters in the access period according to the spectrum decisions in the sensing period.Considering both detection probability and false alarm probability,a Q-learning based spectrum access algorithm is proposed for the CIoV to intelligently select the optimal channel,bandwidth and transmit power under the dynamic spectrum states and various spectrum sensing performance.The simulations have shown that compared with the traditional non-learning spectrum access algorithm,the proposed Q-learning algorithm can effectively improve the spectral efficiency and throughput of the CIoV as well as decrease the interference power to the PU.
基金This work was supported by the Nanjing Institute of Technology high level introduction of talents Research Fund(YKJ201862)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81827803 and 81727804)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61703201,61875085 and 81601532)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20160814 and BK20170765).
文摘Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,we studied the spectrum along the fixation trajectory of PS in frequency domain to tackle the accuracy problem.Fresh porcine vertebrae,bovine vertebrae and ovine vertebrae were measured with the near-infrared spectrum(NIR)device to obtain the reflected spectrum from the vertebrae.Along the fixation trajectory of PS,average energy from different groups was calculated and used for identifying different tissues and compared to achieve the optimal recognition factor.Compared with the time domain approach,the frequency domain method could divide the spectra measured at different tissue points into different groups more stably and accurately,which could serve as a new method to assist the PS insertion.The results gained from this study are significant to the development of hi-tech medical instruments with independent intellectual property rights.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19874027.
文摘We have studied the optical transmission of one-dimensional Fibonacci-class quasiperiodic multilayers, which possess a mirror symmetry. We find that the transmission coefficient is unity for all studied sequences at the central wavelength λ=λ0, where λ0 = (1/4)nA(B)dA(B) with nA(B) and dA(B) being the index of refraction and thickness of twokinds of layers, respectively. Two-cycle or three-cycle has been found around λ = λ0, which is different from the features of the sequences without symmetric structure.
基金National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827803 and 81727804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875085).
文摘Intracranial hypertension is a serious threat to the health of neurosurgical patients.At present,there is a lack of a safe and e®ective technology to monitor intracranial pressure(ICP)accurately and nondestructively.In this paper,based on near infrared technology,the continuous nonde-structive monitoring of ICP change caused by brain edema was studied.The rat brain edema models were constructed by lipopolysaccharide.The ICP monitor and the self-made near infrared tissue parameter measuring instrument were used to monitor the invasive intracranial pressure and the reduced scattering coe±cient of brain tissue during the brain edema development.The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the reduced scattering coe±cient(690nm and 834nm)and ICP,and then the mathematical model was established.The experimental results promoted the development of nondestructive ICP monitoring based on near infrared technology.
基金supported by the PH.D Start-up Foundation of Yan’an University(No.YD 2010-04)the Special Foundation of Yan’an University(No.YDZD 2011-01)+3 种基金the 2014 Education and Innovation Project of Yan’an University for Graduate Studentthe 2014 Local University National Training Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.201410719023)the Special Research Funds for Discipline Construction of High Level University Construction(No.2015SXTS02)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2014JM2-5058)
文摘Cathode samples of nano-diamond by graphitization pretreatment with different temperatures were fabricated by electrophoresis, then the structures and morphologies of the cathode samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the field emission tests were conducted. The effects of graphitization pretreatment on the field emission characteristics of nano-diamond cathode surface on titanium substrate are studied. The results indicate that the surface morphologies of nano-diamond cathode samples after graphitization pretreatment change a lot, and the field emission characteristics in low-voltage area are improved obviously. However, in high-voltage area, the curve distortion happens, and it doesn't conform the mechanism of field emission characteristics.
基金partially supported by Instituto de Telecomunicaōes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (Net GNA), Covilh Delegation,by Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01National Funding from the FCT-Fundao para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the Pest-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project
文摘Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized collection of sensor nodes （SNs） that may be deployed randomly in a body area network to collect data from the human body. In a health monitoring system, it may be es-sential to maintain constant environmental conditions within a specific area in the hospital. In this paper, we propose a tempera-ture-monitoring system and describe a case study of a health-monitoring system for patents critically ill with the same disease and in the same environment. We propose Enhanced LEACH Selective Cluster （E-LEACH-SC） routing protocol for monitoring the tem-perature of an area in a hospital. We modified existing Selective Cluster LEACH protocol by using a fixed-distance-based thresh-old to divide the coverage region in two subregions. Direct data transmission and selective cluster-based data transmission ap-proaches were used to provide short-range and long-distance coverage for the collection of data from the body of ill patients. Ex-tensive simulations were run by varying the ratio of node densities of the two subregions in the health-monitoring system. Last Node Alive （LNA）, which is a measure of network lifespan, was the parameter for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases network lifespan compared with traditional LEACH and LEACH-SC protocols, which by themselves improve the overall performance of the health-monitoring system.
基金supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),DST,India[grant number SRG/2022/000892].
文摘This paper proposes a model-based reference tracking scheme for stable,MIMO,nonlinear processes.A Joint Unscented Kalman Filtering technique is exploited here to develop a stochastic model of the physical process via simultaneous estimation of the process states and the time-varying/uncertain parameters.Unlike the existing nonlinear model predictive controllers,the proposed scheme does not involve any dynamic optimisation process,which helps to reduce the overall complexity,computation overburden and execution time.Furthermore,the proposed methodology offers robustness to process model-mismatch and considers the effects of stochastic disturbances.A nonlinear two-tank liquid-level control problem and a nonlinear coupled level-temperature control process are studied to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61370188)Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2014CLJH09 and 2014GCYY05)Research Funds of Information Security Key Laboratory of Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute
文摘Several public-key encryption schemes used to solve the problem of ciphertext data processing on the fly are discussed. A new targeted fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem is presented. Public-key encryption cryptosystems are classified to examine homomorphic encryption. Without employing techniques proposed by Gentry such as somewhat homomorphic and bootstrapping techniques, or relinearization technique proposed by Brakerski et al., a new method called ＂Double Decryption Algorithm＂ is employed in our cryptography to satisfy a fully or targeted fully homomorphic property. Inspired by EIGamal and BGN cryptography, we obtain the desired fully homomorphic property by selecting a new group and adding an extra component to the ciphertext. Proof of semantic security is also demonstrated.
文摘Object detection is the most fundamental but challenging issues in the field of computer vision.Object detection identifies the presence of various individual objects in an image.Great success is attained for object detection/recognition problems in the controlled environment,but still,the problem remains unsolved in the uncontrolled places,particularly,when the objects are placed in arbitrary poses in an occluded and cluttered environment.In the last few years,a lots of efforts are made by researchers to resolve this issue,because of its wide range of applications in computer vision tasks,like content-enabled image retrieval,event or activity recognition,scene understanding,and so on.This review provides a detailed survey of 50 research papers presenting the object detection techniques,like machine learning-based techniques,gradient-based techniques,Fast Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Fast R-CNN)detector,and the foreground-based techniques.Here,the machine learning-based approaches are classified into deep learning-based approaches,random forest,Support Vector Machine(SVM),and so on.Moreover,the challenges faced by the existing techniques are explained in the gaps and issues section.The analysis based on the classification,toolset,datasets utilized,published year,and the performance metrics are discussed.The future dimension of the research is based on the gaps and issues identified from the existing research works.
文摘With technology scaling,stability,power dissipation,and device variability,the impact of process,voltage and temperature(PVT)variations has become dominant for static random access memory(SRAM)analysis for productivity and failure.In this paper,ten-transistors(10T)and low power eight-transistors SRAM cells are redesigned using floating-gate MOS transistors(FGMOS).Power centric parameters viz.read power,write power,hold power and delay are the performance analysis metrics.Further,the stochastic parameter variation to study the variability tolerance of the redesigned cell,PVT variations and Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for 10T FGMOS SRAM cell.Stability has been illustrated with the conventional butterfly method giving read static noise margin(RSNM)and write static noise margin(WSNM)metrics for read stability and write ability,respectively.A comparative analysis with standard six-transistor SRAM cell is carried out.HSPICE simulative analysis has been carried out for 32 nm technology node.The redesigned FGMOS SRAM cells provide improved performance.Also,these are robust and reliability efficient with comparable stability.
基金Project supported by the Special Man-Power Development Programme in VLSI & Related Software,Phase-Ⅱ(SMDP-Ⅱ),Ministry of Information Technology,Government of Indiathe JUET,Guna(M.P.)
文摘We analyze the energy performance of a complete adiabatic circuit/system including the Power Clock Generator （PCG） at the 90 nm CMOS technology node. The energy performance in terms of the conversion efficiency of the PCG is extensively carried out under the variations of supply voltage, process comer and the driver transistor＇s width. We propose an energy-efficient singe cycle control circuit based on the two-stage comparator for the synchronous charge recovery sinusoidal power clock generator （PCG）. The proposed PCG is used to drive the 4-bit adiabatic Ripple Carry Adder （RCA） and their simulation results are compared with the adiabatic RCA driven by the reported PCG. We have also simulated the logically equivalent static CMOS RCA circuit to compare the energy saving of adiabatic and non-adiabatic logic circuits. In the clock frequency range from 25 MHz to 1GHz, the proposed PCG gives a maximum conversion efficiency of 56.48%. This research work shows how the design of an efficient PCG increases the energy saving of adiabatic logic.
文摘In this paper, we explore the possibility of mapping devices designed in TCAD environment to its modeled version developed in cadence virtuoso environment using a look-up table （LUT） approach. Circuit simu- lation of newly designed devices in TCAD environment is a very slow and tedious process involving complex scripting. Hence, the LUT based modeling approach has been proposed as a faster and easier alternative in ca- dence environment. The LUTs are prepared by extracting data from the device characteristics obtained from device simulation in TCAD. A comparative study is shown between the TCAD simulation and the LUT-based alternative to showcase the accuracy of modeled devices. Finally the look-up table approach is used to evaluate the perform- ance of circuits implemented using 14 nm nMOSFET.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants of 61174094,61273138the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant 20090031110029the Tianjin Nature Science Foundation under Grant 10JCZDJC15900.
文摘In this paper,an improved optimization approach,free search with double populations(FSDP)which is based on free search(FS)algorithm,is proposed.Comparing to FS algorithm,FSDP preserves the sub-optimal solutions and adopts elitist strategy in the searching process,which effectively avoids falling into local optimum and improves the convergence speed and the search accuracy.Simulation results show that FSDP has a better comprehensive performance over FS,PSO and GA.
