The pollution of atmospheric ozone in China shows an obvious upward trend in the past decade.However,the studies on the atmospheric oxidation capacity and O_(3)formation in four seasons in the southeastern coastal reg...The pollution of atmospheric ozone in China shows an obvious upward trend in the past decade.However,the studies on the atmospheric oxidation capacity and O_(3)formation in four seasons in the southeastern coastal region of China with the rapid urbanization remain limited.Here,a four-season field observation was carried out in a coastal city of southeast China,using an observation-based model combining with the Master Chemical Mechanism,to explore the atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC),radical chemistry,O_(3)formation pathways and sensitivity.The results showed that the average net O_(3)production rate(14.55 ppbv/hr)in summer was the strongest,but the average O_(3)concentrations in autumn was higher.The AOC and ROx levels presented an obvious seasonal pattern with the maximum value in summer,while the OH reactivity in winter was the highest with an average value of 22.75 sec^(-1).The OH reactivity was dominated by oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)(30.6%-42.8%),CO(23.2%-26.8%),NO_(2)(13.6%-22.0%),and alkenes(8.4%-12.5%)in different seasons.HONO photolysis dominated OH primary source on daytime in winter,while in other seasons,HONO photolysis in the morning and ozone photolysis in the afternoon contributed mostly.Sensitivity analysis indicated that O_(3)production was controlled by VOCs in spring,autumn and winter,but a VOC-limited and NOx-limited regime in summer,and alkene and aromatic species were the major controlling factors to O_(3)formation.Overall,the study characterized the atmospheric oxidation capacity and elucidated the controlling factors for O_(3)production in the coastal area with the rapid urbanization in China.展开更多
A carcass is the innermost layer of a deep-sea unbonded flexible pipe,which is in direct contact with the gas/liquid-solid multi-phase flow.Considering that stress-accelerated erosion is common for carcasses,this stud...A carcass is the innermost layer of a deep-sea unbonded flexible pipe,which is in direct contact with the gas/liquid-solid multi-phase flow.Considering that stress-accelerated erosion is common for carcasses,this study proposes a general model and simulation method for stress-accelerated erosion(SE)of carcasses under external water pressure.First,an SE model suitable for 316 stainless steel was developed,which was then used for stress-erosion simulation for an external pressurized carcass,and the solid domain,fluid domain and rough inner surface of the carcass were carefully considered.Moreover,a simplified model(equivalent smooth pipe)was also established on the basis of the main geometric characteristics of the carcass,and the stress-erosion characteristics under different operating conditions,including the effects of the elastic stress level,flow velocity,particle diameter and concentration,were carefully compared,and the key factors governing the elastic stress-erosion of the carcass were discussed.Finally,a modified geometry factor(GF)for carcasses was proposed considering the stress acceleration effect.展开更多
This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is e...This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is employed to analyze the stability of 3D anisotropic soil slopes.The accuracy of the proposed method is first verified against the data in the literature.We then simulate the 3D soil slope with a straight slope surface and the convex and concave slope surfaces with a 90turning corner to study the 3D effect on slope stability and the failure mechanism under anisotropy conditions.Based on our numerical results,the end effect significantly impacts the failure mechanism and safety factor.Anisotropy degree notably affects the safety factor,with higher degrees leading to deeper landslides.For concave slopes,they can be approximated by straight slopes with suitable boundary conditions to assess their stability.Furthermore,a case study of the Saint-Alban test embankment A in Quebec,Canada,is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed FE model.展开更多
The Ninety-East Ridge(NER)is located in the semioceanic to oceanic region of the southern Bengal Fan in the Northeast Indian Ocean.The sedimentary environment,ocean currents,and scientific issues related to climate ch...The Ninety-East Ridge(NER)is located in the semioceanic to oceanic region of the southern Bengal Fan in the Northeast Indian Ocean.The sedimentary environment,ocean currents,and scientific issues related to climate change have always been the focus of scientists.To well understand the sedimentary environment of the sea area,we studied the modern sedimentary environment of the NER by analyzing the redox-sensitive trace elements(RSEs)and biomarkers in the surface sediments of the northern region and both sides of the NER and the mechanism of their formation.The ratios of Mo/U(average 2.22),(Cu+Mo)/Zn(average 1.51),and the results ofδCe<1 of the sediment samples,all indicate the reduction of the sedimentary environment.In addition,the ratio of pristane(Pr)to phytane(Ph),C30diahopane to C30 hopane,and diasterane to sterane were low in all samples,on average of 1.03,0.9,and 0.33,respectively.The analysis of RSE and biomarker data revealed that the sedimentary environment on seabed of the NER is generally a rare low-oxygen reduction environment.Through the analysis of sediment characteristics,material sources,and ocean currents,we preliminarily constructed a genetic model for the low-oxygen reducing environment of surface sediments in the NER.We believe that the low-oxygen reduction environment of surface sediment in the NER could be influenced by multiple factors,such as terrestrial input of materials,productivity at sea surface,and sediment particle size.展开更多
Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitabi...Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitability index(OSI)for the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(PRE),developed using Landsat satellite imagery and in situ observations collected from 2013 to 2023.Key environmental parameters,including sea surface temperature(SST),salinity,turbidity,and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,were integrated for OSI retrieval.Optimal algorithms for each parameter were identified through evaluation using field measurements,yielding high accuracy,as evidenced by strong determination coefficients(R^(2))and low root mean square error(RMSE):R^(2)=0.98,RMSE=0.74℃for SST;R^(2)=0.94,RMSE=0.50 for salinity;R^(2)=0.95,RMSE=1.21 mg/m^(3)for Chl-a;R^(2)=0.91,RMSE=1.48 NTU for turbidity.The OSI revealed pronounced seasonal and spatial variability,with the highest suitability observed during winter and the lowest during summer.Validation results demonstrated strong alignment between OSI predictions and existing oyster farming zones.These findings underscore the value of remote sensing for scalable,near-real-time aquaculture site assessments.The OSI framework provides a robust decision-support tool for optimizing oyster cultivation,promoting sustainable aquaculture development in dynamic estuarine systems such as the PRE and beyond.展开更多
Erosion-corrosion(EC)-induced damage is a primary contributor to premature failures in hydraulic transport structures involving sudden changes in flow patterns,especially the hydraulic pipeline(tee,reducer,pipe bend,e...Erosion-corrosion(EC)-induced damage is a primary contributor to premature failures in hydraulic transport structures involving sudden changes in flow patterns,especially the hydraulic pipeline(tee,reducer,pipe bend,etc.),pumps,and valves.A comprehensive exploration of EC behavior of steels subjected to high tensile stress was provided,as most engineering structures are operated under high stress.The stress-accelerated erosion(SAE)and stress-accelerated corrosion(SAC)behaviors of highly stressed steel and their synergistic effect were mainly focused.SAE,SAC,and their synergistic mechanisms,existing debate,and possible reasons,as well as available analytic models with their advantages and limitations,are thoroughly discussed.The multiphysics simulation methods for modeling EC interactions with both static and cyclic stresses are also summarized,and EC mitigation strategies,especially the bionics-based strategies,were also summarized in detail.展开更多
Back-arc basins are key sites for oceanic lithosphere formation and consumption at convergent plate boundaries,and their formation and subduction processes can be highly variable.The tectonic setting and evolution of ...Back-arc basins are key sites for oceanic lithosphere formation and consumption at convergent plate boundaries,and their formation and subduction processes can be highly variable.The tectonic setting and evolution of the Meso-Tethys Shiquanhe-Jiali ophiolite sub-belt(SJO sub-belt)within BangongNujiang Suture Zone(BNSZ),central xizang,are disputed for the complex rock composition and ages.In this paper,we present geochronology,geochemistry and field observations on the Shiquanhe ophiolite,providing a representative ophiolite example in the western end of SJO.Based on investigation of the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of different rock types,combined with the U-Pb dating,we propose a twostage subduction model for explaining the tectonic evolution of SJO as well as the wither away of a backarc basin.Geochemical and geochronological data indicate that the ca.183 Ma LAN(north of Lameila)gabbros formed in the forearc setting and represent the early-stage subduction of the Bangong MesoTethys.This subduction induced the back-arc spreading recorded in the ca.170 Ma gabbros and lower pillow basalts of PL-SDN(Pagelizanong-Shiquanhe Dam Nan)ophiolitic fragments in the Shiquanhe ophiolite.The basaltic lavas overlying the lower basalts,represented by the ca.168–164 Ma diabasic and boninite dikes have forearc characteristics,and they represent the back-arc basin subduction initiation at a late stage.This work thus recovered the multiple tectonic evolution of SJO sub-belt and emphasise the importance of the back-arc basin subduction in the evolution of ancient oceans.展开更多
This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures...This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures for the prevention of salt water intrusion.展开更多
The knowledge of the wave-induced hydrodynamic loads on coastal dikes including their temporal and spatial resolution on the dike in combination with actual water levels is of crucial importance of any risk-based earl...The knowledge of the wave-induced hydrodynamic loads on coastal dikes including their temporal and spatial resolution on the dike in combination with actual water levels is of crucial importance of any risk-based early warning system. As a basis for the assessment of the wave-induced hydrodynamic loads, an operational wave now-and forecast system is set up that consists of i) available field measurements from the federal and local authorities and ii) data from numerical simulation of waves in the German Bight using the SWAN wave model. In this study, results of the hindcast of deep water wave conditions during the winter storm on 5–6 December, 2013(German name ‘Xaver') are shown and compared with available measurements. Moreover field measurements of wave run-up from the local authorities at a sea dike on the German North Sea Island of Pellworm are presented and compared against calculated wave run-up using the Eur Otop(2016) approach.展开更多
The diversity,community composition and 16 S rRNA gene abundance of bacterioplankton along a transect across an upwelling area off the eastern coast of Hainan Island(the Qiongdong upwelling)were investigated in August...The diversity,community composition and 16 S rRNA gene abundance of bacterioplankton along a transect across an upwelling area off the eastern coast of Hainan Island(the Qiongdong upwelling)were investigated in August of 2016 using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR assay of 16 S rRNA genes.Compared with the offshore stations,the inner-shelf stations had higher bacterial gene abundance(up to 3 fold)and operational taxonomic unit richness,a result of the influence of upwelled and fresher waters.Overall,a majority of the reads were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria(11%-74%)and Alphaproteobacteria(14%-43%).The structure of the bacterial community was significantly affected by salinity,dissolved oxygen,NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+),which also defined the physicochemical features of the upwelled waters.Horizontally,the relative abundances and gene abundances of Rhodobacteraceae,SAR86,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in eutrophic zone decreased from the inner to outer shelves and slope,whereas Alteromonas,Vibrio and Oceanospirillaceae exhibited an opposite trend.This study stresses the riverine influence on the oceanographic condition and spatial variability of bacterioplankton diversity and distribution in the Qiongdong upwelling.展开更多
In the context of current climate change, an abnormality of flooding is a common form of disaster in Vietnam. Hanh Stream reservoir has occurred great flood in 1986, 2010. In the future, the risk of flooding is possib...In the context of current climate change, an abnormality of flooding is a common form of disaster in Vietnam. Hanh Stream reservoir has occurred great flood in 1986, 2010. In the future, the risk of flooding is possible to happen again. In view of management of the risk of natural disasters： large flooding situation downstream is one of the most dangerous risks for the reservoir. Due to downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is a narrow coastal plains, quick infrastructure development, especially interwoven road and railway systems, so that flood drainage ability will be affected greatly. The consciousness of risks that may be occurred in the future in order to propose preventive measures and proactive response to minimize damages always is the requirement for all projects. The hydrodynamic calculation, flooding maps, emergency plan to prevent flooding downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is also needed. The article is raised the issue of requirements to calculate coastal narrow delta strip flooding in the Central of Vietnam when impacted by the upstream reservoir of flood discharge in terms of extreme heavy rain and flooding and presented computational methods of Mike software package for case flooded plain of Cam Ranh Bay in downstream reservoirs of Hanh Stream, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.展开更多
At 13：46 on March 11, 2011（Beijing time）, an earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred in Japan. By comparing the tsunami data from Guanhekou marine station with other tsunami wave observation gathered from southeast coastal a...At 13：46 on March 11, 2011（Beijing time）, an earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred in Japan. By comparing the tsunami data from Guanhekou marine station with other tsunami wave observation gathered from southeast coastal area of China, it was evident that, only in Guanhekou, the position of the maximum wave height appeared in the middle part rather than in the front of the tsunami wave train. A numerical model of tsunami propagation based on 2-D nonlinear shallow water equations was built to study the impact range and main causes of the special tsunami waveform discovered in Jiangsu coastal area. The results showed that nearly three-quarters of the Jiangsu coastal area, mainly comprised the part north of the radial sand ridges, reached its maximum tsunami wave height in the middle part of the wave train. The main cause of the special waveform was the special underwater topography condition of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea area, which influenced the tsunami propagation and waveform significantly. Although land boundary reflection brought an effect on the position of the maximum wave height to a certain extent, as the limits of the incident waveform and distances between the observation points and shore, it was not the dominant influence factor of the special waveform. Coriolis force＇s impact on the tsunami waves was so weak that it was not the main cause for the special phenomenon in Jiangsu coastal area. The study reminds us that the most destructive wave might not appear in the first one in tsunami wave train.展开更多
Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood risk.It uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient ...Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood risk.It uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient designs for coastal flood protection.However,to use mangroves effectively as a nature-based measure for flood risk reduction,we must understand the biophysical processes that govern risk reduction capacity through mangrove ecosystem size and structure.In this perspective,we evaluate the current state of knowledge on local physical drivers and ecological processes that determine mangrove functioning as part of a nature-based flood defence.We show that the forest properties that comprise coastal flood protection are well-known,but models cannot yet pinpoint how spatial heterogeneity of the forest structure affects the capacity for wave or surge attenuation.Overall,there is relatively good understanding of the ecological processes that drive forest structure and size,but there is a lack of knowledge on how daily bed-level dynamics link to long-term biogeomorphic forest dynamics,and on the role of combined stressors influencing forest retreat.Integrating simulation models of forest structure under changing physical(e.g.due to sea-level change)and ecological drivers with hydrodynamic attenuation models will allow for better projections of long-term natural coastal protection.展开更多
In rock engineering,the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations,embedded rock piles and rock bolts.In this study,30 sets...In rock engineering,the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations,embedded rock piles and rock bolts.In this study,30 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted on the basalt-concrete bond interface in the Baihetan dam area to investigate the shear strength characteristics of the basalt-concrete bonding interface.The bonding interface contains two states,i.e.,the bonding interface is not sheared,termed as se(symbolic meaning see Table 1);the bonding interface is sheared with rupture surface,termed as si.The effects of lithology,Joints structure,rock type grade and concrete compressive strength on the shear strength of the concrete-basalt contact surface were investigated.The test results show that the shear strength of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of columnar jointed basalt with concrete is greater than that of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of non-columnar jointed one with the same rock type grade.When the rock type grade isⅢ_(2),fcol is 1.22 times higher than fncol and ccol is 1.13 times greater than cncol.The shear strength parameters of the basalt-concrete bonding interface differ significantly for different lithologies.The cohesion of the bonding interface(s_(i))of cryptocrystalline basalt with concrete is 2.05 times higher than that of the bonding interface(s_(i))of breccia lava with concrete under the same rock type grade condition.Rock type grade has a large influence on the shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i)).cnol increases by 33%when the grade of rock type rises fromⅢ_(1)toⅡ_(1).the rock type grade has a greater effect on bonding interface(s_(i))cohesion than the coefficient of friction.When the rock type grade is reduced fromⅢ_(2)toⅢ_(1),f_(ncol)′increases by 2%and c_(ncol)′improves by 44%.The shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))increases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete.When concrete compressive strength rises from 22.2 to 27.6 MPa,the cohesion increases by 94%.展开更多
Highly productive estuaries facilitate intense decomposition of dissolved organic matter(DOM) as a carbon source.However,the specific impacts of typhoons on DOM decomposition in eutrophic bays remain unclear.To addres...Highly productive estuaries facilitate intense decomposition of dissolved organic matter(DOM) as a carbon source.However,the specific impacts of typhoons on DOM decomposition in eutrophic bays remain unclear.To address this issue,we investigated the spectral characteristics of DOM before and after Typhoon Ewiniar in Zhanjiang B ay,a eutrophic semi-enclosed bay in the northwestern South China Sea.The results revealed that intense microbial decomposition of DOM occurred during the pre-typhoon period because high nutrient inputs facilitated the mobilization of DOM in the bay.However,the intrusion of external seawater induced by the typhoon diluted the nutrient levels in Zhanjiang B ay,reducing the impact of microbial decomposition on DOM during the post-typhoon perio d.Nevertheless,the net addition of DOM occurred in Zhanjiang Bay during the post-typhoon period,possibly because of the decomposition of particulate organic matter(POM) and desorption of particulate matter.In addition,an increase in apparent oxygen utilization,a decrease in DO saturation and the reduced level of Chl a indicated that organic matter(OM) decomposition was enhanced and OM decomposition shifted to POM decomposition in Zhanjiang Bay after the typhoon.Overall,our study highlighted the shift in the intense OM decomposition from DOM to POM decomposition before and after typhoons in eutrophic bays,providing new insights into the response of typhoons to biogeo chemistry.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain the explicit expression of the structural matrix in the traditional train-bridge coupling vibration analysis,a combined simulation system of train-bridge coupling s...Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain the explicit expression of the structural matrix in the traditional train-bridge coupling vibration analysis,a combined simulation system of train-bridge coupling system(TBCS)under earthquake(MAETB)is developed based on the cooperative work of MATLAB and ANSYS.The simulation system is used to analyze the dynamic parameters of the TBCS of a prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge benchmark model of a heavy-haul railway.The influence of different driving speeds,seismic wave intensities,and traveling wave effects on the dynamic response of the TBCS under the actions of the earthquakes is discussed.The results show that the bridge displacement increase in magnitude in the lateral direction is more significant than in the vertical direction under the action of an earthquake.The traveling wave effect can significantly reduce the lateral response of the bridge,but it will significantly increase the train derailment coefficient.When the earthquake intensity exceeds 0.2 g,the partial derailment coefficient of the train has exceeded the limit value of the specification.展开更多
A comprehensive risk assessment to evaluate the vulnerability of the nearshore cetaceans to increasing marine traffic is lacking.In this study,the risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in the main hab...A comprehensive risk assessment to evaluate the vulnerability of the nearshore cetaceans to increasing marine traffic is lacking.In this study,the risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in the main habitats in China was assessed based on a semiquantitative spatial vulnerability analysis.85%of the(sub)population which overlapped with the lanes of ferries and/or cargo vessels,with exposure scores of 1.23±0.31(calculated based on the proportion of sea routes that overlap the dolphin’s range).A combination of high exposure to the sea routes and sensitivity to marine traffic would render the(sub)populations to be highly vulnerable(EPRE:5.21 and XM:4.47).A low frequency of vessels and an awareness of the ecology assures a low vulnerability(SH:2.43,EZ:2.73).Uncertainty scores were commonly lower for the higher vulnerable populations,and higher for the lower vulnerable populations,suggesting additional field data and more monitoring are necessary.Six years of field data have been used to analyze the influences of various types of marine traffic on humpback dolphin behavior.Fishing and non-fishing vessels were significantly different(χ^(2)=65.19,p<0.01).The humpback dolphins were attracted by fishing vessels(83.1%)but avoided non-fishing vessels(95.2%).We recommend a management with seasonal and geographical constraints,to balance economic development and environmental conservation.展开更多
Climate change affects the activity of global and regional tropical cyclones(TCs).Among all TCs,typical super typhoons(STYs)are particularly devastating because they maintain their intensity when landing on the coast ...Climate change affects the activity of global and regional tropical cyclones(TCs).Among all TCs,typical super typhoons(STYs)are particularly devastating because they maintain their intensity when landing on the coast and thus cause casualties,economic losses,and environmental damage.Using a 3D tidal model,we reconstructed the typhoon(TY)wind field to simulate the storm surge induced by typical STYs.The TY activity was then analyzed using historical data.Results showed a downtrend of varying degrees in the annual frequency of STYs and TCs in the Western North Pacific(WNP)Basin,with a significant trend change observed for TCs from 1949 to 2021.A large difference in the interannual change in frequency was found between STYs and TCs in the WNP and Eastern China Sea(ECS).Along the coast of EC,the frequency of landfall TCs showed a weak downtrend,and the typical STYs showed reverse micro growth with peak activity in August.Zhejiang,Fujian,and Taiwan were highly vulnerable to the frontal hits of typical STYs.Affected by climate change,the average lifetime maximum intensity(LMI)locations and landfall locations of typical STYs in the ECS basin showed a significant poleward migration trend.In addition,the annual average LMI and accumulated cyclone energy showed an uptrend,indicating the increasing severity of the disaster risk.Affected by the typical STY activity in the ECS,the maximum storm surge area also showed poleward migration,and the coast of North China faced potential growth in high storm surge risks.展开更多
In this paper,given the shortcomings of jellyfish search algorithmwith low search ability in the early stage and easy to fall into local optimal solution,this paper introduces adaptive weight function and elite strate...In this paper,given the shortcomings of jellyfish search algorithmwith low search ability in the early stage and easy to fall into local optimal solution,this paper introduces adaptive weight function and elite strategy,improving the global search scope in the early stage and the ability to refine the local development in the later stage.In the numerical study,the benchmark problem of dimensional optimization with a 10-bar truss structure and simultaneous dimensional shape optimization with a 15-bar truss structure is adopted,and the corresponding penalty method is used for constraint treatment.The test results show that the improved jellyfish search algorithm can provide better truss sections as well as weights.Because when the steel main truss of the large-span covered bridge is lifted,the site is limited and the large lifting equipment cannot enter the site,and the original structure does not meet the problem of stress concentration and large deformation of the bolt group,so the spreader is used to lift,and the improved jellyfish search algorithm is introduced into the design optimization of the spreader.The results show that the improved jellyfish algorithm can efficiently and accurately find out the optimal shape and weight of the spreader,and throughMidas Civil simulation,the spreader used canmeet the requirements of weight and safety.展开更多
Outbreaks of diseases are often linked to environmental stress,which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and subsequently trigger the unfolded protein response(UPR).The replication of the white spot syndrome v...Outbreaks of diseases are often linked to environmental stress,which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and subsequently trigger the unfolded protein response(UPR).The replication of the white spot syndrome virus(WSSV),the most serious pathogen in shrimp aquaculture,has been shown to rely on the UPR signaling pathway,although the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we discovered that WSSV enhances its replication by hijacking the UPR pathway via the viral protein wsv406.Our analysis revealed a significant upregulation of wsv406 in the hemocytes and gills of infected shrimp.Mass spectrometry analysis identified that wsv406 interacts specifically with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein(BiP)in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Further examination revealed that wsv406 binds to multiple domains of LvBiP,inhibiting its ATPase activity without disrupting its binding to UPR stress receptors.Silencing either wsv406 or LvBiP resulted in a reduction in WSSV replication and improved shrimp survival rates.Further,wsv406 activation of the PRKR-like ER kinase(PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)pathways was demonstrated by a decrease in the phosphorylation of eIF2αand the nuclear translocation of ATF6 when wsv406 was silenced during WSSV infection.This activation facilitated the transcription of WSSV genes,promoting viral replication.In summary,these findings reveal that wsv406 manipulates the host UPR by targeting LvBiP,thereby enhancing WSSV replication through the PERK-eIF2αand ATF6 pathways.These insights into the interaction between WSSV and host cellular machinery offer potential targets for developing therapeutic interventions to control WSSV outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture.展开更多
基金funded by the Cultivating Project of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDPB1903)the Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province (No.2022L3025)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U22A20578&42277091)the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Project (No.E0L1B20201)。
文摘The pollution of atmospheric ozone in China shows an obvious upward trend in the past decade.However,the studies on the atmospheric oxidation capacity and O_(3)formation in four seasons in the southeastern coastal region of China with the rapid urbanization remain limited.Here,a four-season field observation was carried out in a coastal city of southeast China,using an observation-based model combining with the Master Chemical Mechanism,to explore the atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC),radical chemistry,O_(3)formation pathways and sensitivity.The results showed that the average net O_(3)production rate(14.55 ppbv/hr)in summer was the strongest,but the average O_(3)concentrations in autumn was higher.The AOC and ROx levels presented an obvious seasonal pattern with the maximum value in summer,while the OH reactivity in winter was the highest with an average value of 22.75 sec^(-1).The OH reactivity was dominated by oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)(30.6%-42.8%),CO(23.2%-26.8%),NO_(2)(13.6%-22.0%),and alkenes(8.4%-12.5%)in different seasons.HONO photolysis dominated OH primary source on daytime in winter,while in other seasons,HONO photolysis in the morning and ozone photolysis in the afternoon contributed mostly.Sensitivity analysis indicated that O_(3)production was controlled by VOCs in spring,autumn and winter,but a VOC-limited and NOx-limited regime in summer,and alkene and aromatic species were the major controlling factors to O_(3)formation.Overall,the study characterized the atmospheric oxidation capacity and elucidated the controlling factors for O_(3)production in the coastal area with the rapid urbanization in China.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52301339)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J05004)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University(Grant No.HESS-2402)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720240038).
文摘A carcass is the innermost layer of a deep-sea unbonded flexible pipe,which is in direct contact with the gas/liquid-solid multi-phase flow.Considering that stress-accelerated erosion is common for carcasses,this study proposes a general model and simulation method for stress-accelerated erosion(SE)of carcasses under external water pressure.First,an SE model suitable for 316 stainless steel was developed,which was then used for stress-erosion simulation for an external pressurized carcass,and the solid domain,fluid domain and rough inner surface of the carcass were carefully considered.Moreover,a simplified model(equivalent smooth pipe)was also established on the basis of the main geometric characteristics of the carcass,and the stress-erosion characteristics under different operating conditions,including the effects of the elastic stress level,flow velocity,particle diameter and concentration,were carefully compared,and the key factors governing the elastic stress-erosion of the carcass were discussed.Finally,a modified geometry factor(GF)for carcasses was proposed considering the stress acceleration effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51890912,51979025 and 52011530189).
文摘This article presents a micro-structure tensor enhanced elasto-plastic finite element(FE)method to address strength anisotropy in three-dimensional(3D)soil slope stability analysis.The gravity increase method(GIM)is employed to analyze the stability of 3D anisotropic soil slopes.The accuracy of the proposed method is first verified against the data in the literature.We then simulate the 3D soil slope with a straight slope surface and the convex and concave slope surfaces with a 90turning corner to study the 3D effect on slope stability and the failure mechanism under anisotropy conditions.Based on our numerical results,the end effect significantly impacts the failure mechanism and safety factor.Anisotropy degree notably affects the safety factor,with higher degrees leading to deeper landslides.For concave slopes,they can be approximated by straight slopes with suitable boundary conditions to assess their stability.Furthermore,a case study of the Saint-Alban test embankment A in Quebec,Canada,is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed FE model.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of South China Sea Bureau,Ministry of Natural Resources,China(No.230204)the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-02-IND-CJ04)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021A1515012589)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,China(No.2023B03J1379)。
文摘The Ninety-East Ridge(NER)is located in the semioceanic to oceanic region of the southern Bengal Fan in the Northeast Indian Ocean.The sedimentary environment,ocean currents,and scientific issues related to climate change have always been the focus of scientists.To well understand the sedimentary environment of the sea area,we studied the modern sedimentary environment of the NER by analyzing the redox-sensitive trace elements(RSEs)and biomarkers in the surface sediments of the northern region and both sides of the NER and the mechanism of their formation.The ratios of Mo/U(average 2.22),(Cu+Mo)/Zn(average 1.51),and the results ofδCe<1 of the sediment samples,all indicate the reduction of the sedimentary environment.In addition,the ratio of pristane(Pr)to phytane(Ph),C30diahopane to C30 hopane,and diasterane to sterane were low in all samples,on average of 1.03,0.9,and 0.33,respectively.The analysis of RSE and biomarker data revealed that the sedimentary environment on seabed of the NER is generally a rare low-oxygen reduction environment.Through the analysis of sediment characteristics,material sources,and ocean currents,we preliminarily constructed a genetic model for the low-oxygen reducing environment of surface sediments in the NER.We believe that the low-oxygen reduction environment of surface sediment in the NER could be influenced by multiple factors,such as terrestrial input of materials,productivity at sea surface,and sediment particle size.
基金The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.SML2021SP308the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42176173 and 42476268+1 种基金the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.311020004Guangdong Geographical Science Data Center under contract No.2021B1212100003.
文摘Oyster farming provides substantial ecological and economic benefits but is often constrained by the challenges of selecting suitable sites in dynamic coastal environments.This study presents a tailored oyster suitability index(OSI)for the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(PRE),developed using Landsat satellite imagery and in situ observations collected from 2013 to 2023.Key environmental parameters,including sea surface temperature(SST),salinity,turbidity,and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,were integrated for OSI retrieval.Optimal algorithms for each parameter were identified through evaluation using field measurements,yielding high accuracy,as evidenced by strong determination coefficients(R^(2))and low root mean square error(RMSE):R^(2)=0.98,RMSE=0.74℃for SST;R^(2)=0.94,RMSE=0.50 for salinity;R^(2)=0.95,RMSE=1.21 mg/m^(3)for Chl-a;R^(2)=0.91,RMSE=1.48 NTU for turbidity.The OSI revealed pronounced seasonal and spatial variability,with the highest suitability observed during winter and the lowest during summer.Validation results demonstrated strong alignment between OSI predictions and existing oyster farming zones.These findings underscore the value of remote sensing for scalable,near-real-time aquaculture site assessments.The OSI framework provides a robust decision-support tool for optimizing oyster cultivation,promoting sustainable aquaculture development in dynamic estuarine systems such as the PRE and beyond.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301339 and U2005216)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2021J05004 and 2020J01010)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation opening Fund(HESS-2402)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720240038).
文摘Erosion-corrosion(EC)-induced damage is a primary contributor to premature failures in hydraulic transport structures involving sudden changes in flow patterns,especially the hydraulic pipeline(tee,reducer,pipe bend,etc.),pumps,and valves.A comprehensive exploration of EC behavior of steels subjected to high tensile stress was provided,as most engineering structures are operated under high stress.The stress-accelerated erosion(SAE)and stress-accelerated corrosion(SAC)behaviors of highly stressed steel and their synergistic effect were mainly focused.SAE,SAC,and their synergistic mechanisms,existing debate,and possible reasons,as well as available analytic models with their advantages and limitations,are thoroughly discussed.The multiphysics simulation methods for modeling EC interactions with both static and cyclic stresses are also summarized,and EC mitigation strategies,especially the bionics-based strategies,were also summarized in detail.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant Nos.2024A1515010439,2025A1515010724)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972049,41472054,42072229,41977231)+4 种基金Young Innovative Talent Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Natural ScienceGrant No.2022KQNCX184)Natural Research Project of Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry&Commerce(Grant No.2022-ZKT-01)China State Scholarship Fund of visiting scholar(Grant No.20170638507)High-level Talent Special Support Program of Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry&Commerce(Grant No.2023-gc-03).
文摘Back-arc basins are key sites for oceanic lithosphere formation and consumption at convergent plate boundaries,and their formation and subduction processes can be highly variable.The tectonic setting and evolution of the Meso-Tethys Shiquanhe-Jiali ophiolite sub-belt(SJO sub-belt)within BangongNujiang Suture Zone(BNSZ),central xizang,are disputed for the complex rock composition and ages.In this paper,we present geochronology,geochemistry and field observations on the Shiquanhe ophiolite,providing a representative ophiolite example in the western end of SJO.Based on investigation of the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of different rock types,combined with the U-Pb dating,we propose a twostage subduction model for explaining the tectonic evolution of SJO as well as the wither away of a backarc basin.Geochemical and geochronological data indicate that the ca.183 Ma LAN(north of Lameila)gabbros formed in the forearc setting and represent the early-stage subduction of the Bangong MesoTethys.This subduction induced the back-arc spreading recorded in the ca.170 Ma gabbros and lower pillow basalts of PL-SDN(Pagelizanong-Shiquanhe Dam Nan)ophiolitic fragments in the Shiquanhe ophiolite.The basaltic lavas overlying the lower basalts,represented by the ca.168–164 Ma diabasic and boninite dikes have forearc characteristics,and they represent the back-arc basin subduction initiation at a late stage.This work thus recovered the multiple tectonic evolution of SJO sub-belt and emphasise the importance of the back-arc basin subduction in the evolution of ancient oceans.
文摘This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures for the prevention of salt water intrusion.
基金the joint research project Early Dike–Sensor and Risk based Early Warning Systems for Coastal Dikes(No.03G0847C)funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)
文摘The knowledge of the wave-induced hydrodynamic loads on coastal dikes including their temporal and spatial resolution on the dike in combination with actual water levels is of crucial importance of any risk-based early warning system. As a basis for the assessment of the wave-induced hydrodynamic loads, an operational wave now-and forecast system is set up that consists of i) available field measurements from the federal and local authorities and ii) data from numerical simulation of waves in the German Bight using the SWAN wave model. In this study, results of the hindcast of deep water wave conditions during the winter storm on 5–6 December, 2013(German name ‘Xaver') are shown and compared with available measurements. Moreover field measurements of wave run-up from the local authorities at a sea dike on the German North Sea Island of Pellworm are presented and compared against calculated wave run-up using the Eur Otop(2016) approach.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.18lgzd07the Key Research Program of Frontier Science+1 种基金CAS under contract No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC013-1the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41976128。
文摘The diversity,community composition and 16 S rRNA gene abundance of bacterioplankton along a transect across an upwelling area off the eastern coast of Hainan Island(the Qiongdong upwelling)were investigated in August of 2016 using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR assay of 16 S rRNA genes.Compared with the offshore stations,the inner-shelf stations had higher bacterial gene abundance(up to 3 fold)and operational taxonomic unit richness,a result of the influence of upwelled and fresher waters.Overall,a majority of the reads were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria(11%-74%)and Alphaproteobacteria(14%-43%).The structure of the bacterial community was significantly affected by salinity,dissolved oxygen,NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+),which also defined the physicochemical features of the upwelled waters.Horizontally,the relative abundances and gene abundances of Rhodobacteraceae,SAR86,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in eutrophic zone decreased from the inner to outer shelves and slope,whereas Alteromonas,Vibrio and Oceanospirillaceae exhibited an opposite trend.This study stresses the riverine influence on the oceanographic condition and spatial variability of bacterioplankton diversity and distribution in the Qiongdong upwelling.
文摘In the context of current climate change, an abnormality of flooding is a common form of disaster in Vietnam. Hanh Stream reservoir has occurred great flood in 1986, 2010. In the future, the risk of flooding is possible to happen again. In view of management of the risk of natural disasters： large flooding situation downstream is one of the most dangerous risks for the reservoir. Due to downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is a narrow coastal plains, quick infrastructure development, especially interwoven road and railway systems, so that flood drainage ability will be affected greatly. The consciousness of risks that may be occurred in the future in order to propose preventive measures and proactive response to minimize damages always is the requirement for all projects. The hydrodynamic calculation, flooding maps, emergency plan to prevent flooding downstream of Hanh Stream reservoir is also needed. The article is raised the issue of requirements to calculate coastal narrow delta strip flooding in the Central of Vietnam when impacted by the upstream reservoir of flood discharge in terms of extreme heavy rain and flooding and presented computational methods of Mike software package for case flooded plain of Cam Ranh Bay in downstream reservoirs of Hanh Stream, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Hohai University(Grant No.2011B06014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute(Grant No.YN912001)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK2012411)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No.2012BAB03B01)the Cultivation of Jiangsu Province Graduate Innovation Project(Grant No.KYZZ_0151)
文摘At 13：46 on March 11, 2011（Beijing time）, an earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred in Japan. By comparing the tsunami data from Guanhekou marine station with other tsunami wave observation gathered from southeast coastal area of China, it was evident that, only in Guanhekou, the position of the maximum wave height appeared in the middle part rather than in the front of the tsunami wave train. A numerical model of tsunami propagation based on 2-D nonlinear shallow water equations was built to study the impact range and main causes of the special tsunami waveform discovered in Jiangsu coastal area. The results showed that nearly three-quarters of the Jiangsu coastal area, mainly comprised the part north of the radial sand ridges, reached its maximum tsunami wave height in the middle part of the wave train. The main cause of the special waveform was the special underwater topography condition of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea area, which influenced the tsunami propagation and waveform significantly. Although land boundary reflection brought an effect on the position of the maximum wave height to a certain extent, as the limits of the incident waveform and distances between the observation points and shore, it was not the dominant influence factor of the special waveform. Coriolis force＇s impact on the tsunami waves was so weak that it was not the main cause for the special phenomenon in Jiangsu coastal area. The study reminds us that the most destructive wave might not appear in the first one in tsunami wave train.
基金supported by the Joint Research Project Sustainable Deltas co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCGrant No.51761135022)+11 种基金the Dutch Research Council(NWOGrant No.ALWSD.2016.026)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRCGrant No.EP/R024537/1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176202)the Innovation Group Project of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Zhuhai(Grant No.311021004)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.2019ZT08G090)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21018)the ERC H2020 ESTUARIES Project(Grant No.647570)the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship(Grant No.896888)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201706710005)the NWO“LIVING DIKES e Realising Resilient and Climate-Proof Coastal Protection”Project(Grant No.NWA.1292.19.257)。
文摘Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood risk.It uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient designs for coastal flood protection.However,to use mangroves effectively as a nature-based measure for flood risk reduction,we must understand the biophysical processes that govern risk reduction capacity through mangrove ecosystem size and structure.In this perspective,we evaluate the current state of knowledge on local physical drivers and ecological processes that determine mangrove functioning as part of a nature-based flood defence.We show that the forest properties that comprise coastal flood protection are well-known,but models cannot yet pinpoint how spatial heterogeneity of the forest structure affects the capacity for wave or surge attenuation.Overall,there is relatively good understanding of the ecological processes that drive forest structure and size,but there is a lack of knowledge on how daily bed-level dynamics link to long-term biogeomorphic forest dynamics,and on the role of combined stressors influencing forest retreat.Integrating simulation models of forest structure under changing physical(e.g.due to sea-level change)and ecological drivers with hydrodynamic attenuation models will allow for better projections of long-term natural coastal protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges(No.42020104006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41630643)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CUGCJ1701)the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation LTD.
文摘In rock engineering,the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations,embedded rock piles and rock bolts.In this study,30 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted on the basalt-concrete bond interface in the Baihetan dam area to investigate the shear strength characteristics of the basalt-concrete bonding interface.The bonding interface contains two states,i.e.,the bonding interface is not sheared,termed as se(symbolic meaning see Table 1);the bonding interface is sheared with rupture surface,termed as si.The effects of lithology,Joints structure,rock type grade and concrete compressive strength on the shear strength of the concrete-basalt contact surface were investigated.The test results show that the shear strength of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of columnar jointed basalt with concrete is greater than that of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of non-columnar jointed one with the same rock type grade.When the rock type grade isⅢ_(2),fcol is 1.22 times higher than fncol and ccol is 1.13 times greater than cncol.The shear strength parameters of the basalt-concrete bonding interface differ significantly for different lithologies.The cohesion of the bonding interface(s_(i))of cryptocrystalline basalt with concrete is 2.05 times higher than that of the bonding interface(s_(i))of breccia lava with concrete under the same rock type grade condition.Rock type grade has a large influence on the shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i)).cnol increases by 33%when the grade of rock type rises fromⅢ_(1)toⅡ_(1).the rock type grade has a greater effect on bonding interface(s_(i))cohesion than the coefficient of friction.When the rock type grade is reduced fromⅢ_(2)toⅢ_(1),f_(ncol)′increases by 2%and c_(ncol)′improves by 44%.The shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))increases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete.When concrete compressive strength rises from 22.2 to 27.6 MPa,the cohesion increases by 94%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42276047, 92158201 and U1901213the Entrepreneurship Project of Shantou under contract No.2021112176541391the Scientific Research Start-Up Foundation of Shantou University under contract No.NTF20006。
文摘Highly productive estuaries facilitate intense decomposition of dissolved organic matter(DOM) as a carbon source.However,the specific impacts of typhoons on DOM decomposition in eutrophic bays remain unclear.To address this issue,we investigated the spectral characteristics of DOM before and after Typhoon Ewiniar in Zhanjiang B ay,a eutrophic semi-enclosed bay in the northwestern South China Sea.The results revealed that intense microbial decomposition of DOM occurred during the pre-typhoon period because high nutrient inputs facilitated the mobilization of DOM in the bay.However,the intrusion of external seawater induced by the typhoon diluted the nutrient levels in Zhanjiang B ay,reducing the impact of microbial decomposition on DOM during the post-typhoon perio d.Nevertheless,the net addition of DOM occurred in Zhanjiang Bay during the post-typhoon period,possibly because of the decomposition of particulate organic matter(POM) and desorption of particulate matter.In addition,an increase in apparent oxygen utilization,a decrease in DO saturation and the reduced level of Chl a indicated that organic matter(OM) decomposition was enhanced and OM decomposition shifted to POM decomposition in Zhanjiang Bay after the typhoon.Overall,our study highlighted the shift in the intense OM decomposition from DOM to POM decomposition before and after typhoons in eutrophic bays,providing new insights into the response of typhoons to biogeo chemistry.
基金funded by the Open Projects Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Southeast Coastal Engineering Structures of Fujian Province University(Grant No.2022009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51708429)the Construction Science and Technology Plan Projects of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023011).
文摘Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain the explicit expression of the structural matrix in the traditional train-bridge coupling vibration analysis,a combined simulation system of train-bridge coupling system(TBCS)under earthquake(MAETB)is developed based on the cooperative work of MATLAB and ANSYS.The simulation system is used to analyze the dynamic parameters of the TBCS of a prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge benchmark model of a heavy-haul railway.The influence of different driving speeds,seismic wave intensities,and traveling wave effects on the dynamic response of the TBCS under the actions of the earthquakes is discussed.The results show that the bridge displacement increase in magnitude in the lateral direction is more significant than in the vertical direction under the action of an earthquake.The traveling wave effect can significantly reduce the lateral response of the bridge,but it will significantly increase the train derailment coefficient.When the earthquake intensity exceeds 0.2 g,the partial derailment coefficient of the train has exceeded the limit value of the specification.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022 YFF1301603)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515011467)in China+2 种基金the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),China (Nos.311020003 and 311021004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32201290)the 71st batch of China Postdoctoral Science Funding (No.2022M713560)。
文摘A comprehensive risk assessment to evaluate the vulnerability of the nearshore cetaceans to increasing marine traffic is lacking.In this study,the risk to Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in the main habitats in China was assessed based on a semiquantitative spatial vulnerability analysis.85%of the(sub)population which overlapped with the lanes of ferries and/or cargo vessels,with exposure scores of 1.23±0.31(calculated based on the proportion of sea routes that overlap the dolphin’s range).A combination of high exposure to the sea routes and sensitivity to marine traffic would render the(sub)populations to be highly vulnerable(EPRE:5.21 and XM:4.47).A low frequency of vessels and an awareness of the ecology assures a low vulnerability(SH:2.43,EZ:2.73).Uncertainty scores were commonly lower for the higher vulnerable populations,and higher for the lower vulnerable populations,suggesting additional field data and more monitoring are necessary.Six years of field data have been used to analyze the influences of various types of marine traffic on humpback dolphin behavior.Fishing and non-fishing vessels were significantly different(χ^(2)=65.19,p<0.01).The humpback dolphins were attracted by fishing vessels(83.1%)but avoided non-fishing vessels(95.2%).We recommend a management with seasonal and geographical constraints,to balance economic development and environmental conservation.
基金supported by four funds,including the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3106102)the Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province(Nos.JSZRH YKJ202105,JSZRHYKI202303)+1 种基金the Nantong Social and Livelihood Science and Technology Project(Nos.MS12022009,MS22022082,MS22022083)the Project on Excellent Post-Graduate Dissertation of Hohai University(No.422003470).
文摘Climate change affects the activity of global and regional tropical cyclones(TCs).Among all TCs,typical super typhoons(STYs)are particularly devastating because they maintain their intensity when landing on the coast and thus cause casualties,economic losses,and environmental damage.Using a 3D tidal model,we reconstructed the typhoon(TY)wind field to simulate the storm surge induced by typical STYs.The TY activity was then analyzed using historical data.Results showed a downtrend of varying degrees in the annual frequency of STYs and TCs in the Western North Pacific(WNP)Basin,with a significant trend change observed for TCs from 1949 to 2021.A large difference in the interannual change in frequency was found between STYs and TCs in the WNP and Eastern China Sea(ECS).Along the coast of EC,the frequency of landfall TCs showed a weak downtrend,and the typical STYs showed reverse micro growth with peak activity in August.Zhejiang,Fujian,and Taiwan were highly vulnerable to the frontal hits of typical STYs.Affected by climate change,the average lifetime maximum intensity(LMI)locations and landfall locations of typical STYs in the ECS basin showed a significant poleward migration trend.In addition,the annual average LMI and accumulated cyclone energy showed an uptrend,indicating the increasing severity of the disaster risk.Affected by the typical STY activity in the ECS,the maximum storm surge area also showed poleward migration,and the coast of North China faced potential growth in high storm surge risks.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51305372)the Open Fund Project of the Transportation Infrastructure Intelligent Management and Maintenance Engineering Technology Center of Xiamen City(Grant No.TCIMI201803)the Project of the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Fujian Province(Grant No.2016BJC019).
文摘In this paper,given the shortcomings of jellyfish search algorithmwith low search ability in the early stage and easy to fall into local optimal solution,this paper introduces adaptive weight function and elite strategy,improving the global search scope in the early stage and the ability to refine the local development in the later stage.In the numerical study,the benchmark problem of dimensional optimization with a 10-bar truss structure and simultaneous dimensional shape optimization with a 15-bar truss structure is adopted,and the corresponding penalty method is used for constraint treatment.The test results show that the improved jellyfish search algorithm can provide better truss sections as well as weights.Because when the steel main truss of the large-span covered bridge is lifted,the site is limited and the large lifting equipment cannot enter the site,and the original structure does not meet the problem of stress concentration and large deformation of the bolt group,so the spreader is used to lift,and the improved jellyfish search algorithm is introduced into the design optimization of the spreader.The results show that the improved jellyfish algorithm can efficiently and accurately find out the optimal shape and weight of the spreader,and throughMidas Civil simulation,the spreader used canmeet the requirements of weight and safety.
基金supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML2023SP234)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022085/32373158/31930113)the open competition program of top ten critical priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG01).
文摘Outbreaks of diseases are often linked to environmental stress,which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and subsequently trigger the unfolded protein response(UPR).The replication of the white spot syndrome virus(WSSV),the most serious pathogen in shrimp aquaculture,has been shown to rely on the UPR signaling pathway,although the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we discovered that WSSV enhances its replication by hijacking the UPR pathway via the viral protein wsv406.Our analysis revealed a significant upregulation of wsv406 in the hemocytes and gills of infected shrimp.Mass spectrometry analysis identified that wsv406 interacts specifically with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein(BiP)in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.Further examination revealed that wsv406 binds to multiple domains of LvBiP,inhibiting its ATPase activity without disrupting its binding to UPR stress receptors.Silencing either wsv406 or LvBiP resulted in a reduction in WSSV replication and improved shrimp survival rates.Further,wsv406 activation of the PRKR-like ER kinase(PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)pathways was demonstrated by a decrease in the phosphorylation of eIF2αand the nuclear translocation of ATF6 when wsv406 was silenced during WSSV infection.This activation facilitated the transcription of WSSV genes,promoting viral replication.In summary,these findings reveal that wsv406 manipulates the host UPR by targeting LvBiP,thereby enhancing WSSV replication through the PERK-eIF2αand ATF6 pathways.These insights into the interaction between WSSV and host cellular machinery offer potential targets for developing therapeutic interventions to control WSSV outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture.
