BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the ...BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug...Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity,and diabetes mellitus.Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases.Among these,rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics,while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies,underlying biological mechanisms,and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models.Additionally,this review summarizes the advantages,limitations,and challenges inherent in these preclinical models,thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effec...Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effects of this technique have made it the most widely used medical practice in the world.The concept of evidence-based medicine has been introduced in acupuncture research for technical improvement and the production of high-quality clinical evidence.Upon reviewing the acupuncture clinical research over the past 10years,we found the gradually increasing range of diseases that it benefits,from pain management to neoplasms and genitourinary,digestive,and mental disorders.Acupuncture is included in a number of international guidelines for clinical practice.However,high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture is lacking as a result of multiple exceptional clinical trials conducted by Western researchers that have yielded antagonistic results.Future clinical research should focus on exploring objective evaluation methods for studying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchi...OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.展开更多
Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and littl...Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.展开更多
Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surger...Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surgery,the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals,rationalization of surgical methods,precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor–patient communication.Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications,including research on computational modelling technology,computational simulation technology,virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology.These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further.In this review,we summarize the advantages,latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research.The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.展开更多
Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts ...Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts in TCM,and what has been done in Europe.I would like to tell you about some of the challenges of TCM from the perspective of the European Union (EU).Many of them are mentioned by previous speakers.In fact,there are ways to allow herbs to enter the European market.Traditional herbal products have been established.And there is a full market authorization.Traditionally,it is necessary to ensure their medicinal efficacy and safety.Clinical trials are not necessary for every circumstance,but 10 years of use history within the EU is necessary.This is the process of full marketing.The USA and Europe have a similar situation: 3 of the 4 phases are required before the marketing authorization.These are 3 examples: a newly developed drug in Europe,it is from gentian roots,primrose,sorrel and other drugs,mainly for rhinitis;this is from Switzerland,which is from an extract of coltsfoot flowers;Schwabe's is from lavender,used for anxiety,and this is its name in Australia.展开更多
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chem...Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy,but there has been no significant progress for many years.The emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment pattern of SCLC.Some studies have confirmed the effect of ICIs monotherapy.However,the disadvantages of ICIs monotherapy such as low responsiveness,drug resistance,and adverse reactions limited the clinical application.The combined treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors was newly developing treatment models.Clinical studies have found that ICIs combined with standard chemotherapy can significantly improve the survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer without increasing adverse reactions.Based on the synergistic effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,this paper reviews the current progress,deficiency and future exploration direction of first-line immunotherapy for extensive small cell lung cancer.展开更多
Objective:Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)has shown potential as a prognostic biomarker in patients with solid tumors.This study aimed to systematically summarize the global application of ctDNA in the prognostic man-agem...Objective:Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)has shown potential as a prognostic biomarker in patients with solid tumors.This study aimed to systematically summarize the global application of ctDNA in the prognostic man-agement of solid tumor patients and to evaluate the quality of the current studies.Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus,and clinical trials.gov databases were searched to collect cohort studies on ctDNA in the prognosis of solid tumor patients from January 2016 to May 2022.The language was limited to English.Information including general information,participants and cancer characteristics,ctDNA and outcome information were extracted.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist.Results:A total of 214 studies were included in the final analysis,encompassing 21,076 patients.The number of studies has increased annually from 2016 to 2022.The most common types of solid tumors studied were colorectal cancer(27.10%),lung cancer(20.09%),pancreatic cancer(16.82%),and breast cancer(14.02%).The top three journals by number of publications had an impact factor in 2023 greater than 10.Of the studies,the median sample size was 69(interquartile range:41-111),69.81%had a sample size<100,68.92%had a median/mean age≥60 years,and 74.05%were from developed countries.Multi-center studies accounted for 40.36%.Additionally,29.82%of the studies had a bias risk score≤6.Only 16.67%of studies on liver cancer had a bias risk score>6.The primary criteria not met by the studies included“Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts”(33.33%),“Assessment of outcome”(32.16%)and“Representativeness of the exposed cohort”(27.49%).Conclusions:The prognostic value of ctDNA in patients with solid tumors is gaining increasing attention,leading to a steady rise in the number of studies.However,many studies still suffer from small sample sizes and a lack of representativeness.Furthermore,details regarding ctDNA detection methods and results reporting are often insufficiently described.There is an urgent need to improve the quality of such research.展开更多
In this special issue of Genes&Diseases,Primary Immune Deficiencies(PIDs)are the main focus.This is an exciting and a rapidly emerging field of basic and clinical immunology wherein upwards of 400 clinical conditi...In this special issue of Genes&Diseases,Primary Immune Deficiencies(PIDs)are the main focus.This is an exciting and a rapidly emerging field of basic and clinical immunology wherein upwards of 400 clinical conditions,with approximately 350 defined mutations,are now recognized.Contrary to common perception,PIDs as a group are not uncommon.Epidemiologic studies show that population prevalence of PIDs is approximately 1:2000.Statistical extrapolations of this figure would suggest that in a large country like China or India,approximately 1 million individuals would be expected to have a PID.However,at present because of lack of awareness of these conditions amongst both the laity as well as medical professionals,majority of these patients remain undiagnosed and untreated in many developing countries.This is clearly unfortunate.展开更多
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies ...Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to yield the identification of clinically valuable biomarkers,including proteins,ribonucleic acids(RNAs),and deoxyribonucleic acids(DNAs),for early detection of pathological changes in susceptible patients,rapid diagnosis at the bedside after onset,and a superior therapeutic regimen primarily within the concept of personalized and tailored endovascular therapy for aortic dissection.展开更多
Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
During cardiac arrest (CA),severe ischemia and hypoxia occur in tissues and organs of the entire body,inflammatory cytokines are released,and ischemiareperfusion injury occurs after the return of spontaneous circulati...During cardiac arrest (CA),severe ischemia and hypoxia occur in tissues and organs of the entire body,inflammatory cytokines are released,and ischemiareperfusion injury occurs after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),leading to multiple organ dysfunction in the body;this condition is called post-CA syndrome(PCAS).^([1])According to the BASeline Investigation of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (BASIC-OHCA) study,the crude incidence of emergency medical service (EMS)-assessed OHCA was 95.7 per 100,000 individuals,and only1.2%of those individuals survived to hospital discharge or30 d after being resuscitated by the EMS in China.展开更多
Objective:To explore the current status of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)research and predict its future research directions.Methods:The bibliometric overview of publications was conducted in the field ...Objective:To explore the current status of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)research and predict its future research directions.Methods:The bibliometric overview of publications was conducted in the field of SA-AKI based on Web of Science Core Collection database from January 2013 to August 2023.This study employed software such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis of the included literature,including publication trends,geographic distribution characteristics,author contributions,citations,funding sources characteristics,and keyword clustering.Results:A total of 6509 articles were analyzed,and the number of publications and citations increased from 2013 to 2022.The United States had the highest number of publications in SA-AKI,while France was the country with the highest number of citations per publication.Keyword clustering analysis showed that the pathophysiology and definition of SA-AKI were the research focus,and the research hotspots were"machine learning","vitamin C","kinase","hemodynamics","renal microcirculation"and"mitochondria".Literature coupling analysis indicated that exploring the management and treatment of SA-AKI was the research frontier.Conclusions:Over the past decade,SA-AKI research has shown a upward trend in terms of the number of publication.Research primarily focuses on exploring mechanisms and improving early warning systems.Mechanisms involve microcirculatory dysfunction,inflammation,and other pathophysiological factors.Future recommendations include continuing basic research,achieving clinical application of novel biomarkers,and prioritizing renal recovery mechanisms in treatment strategies.展开更多
This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on ...This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on postoperative quality of life and recovery in Arabic-speaking patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries.In the context of systemic linguistic exclusion in orthopedic research—where English-language journals dominated most publi-cations and non-English-speaking populations faced dual barriers of trial under-representation and semantic distortions(e.g.,mistranslations of terms like"joint instability"in Arabic)—AlMousa et al's work highlighted the transformative po-tential of culturally adapted methodologies.Their rigorous four-stage adaptation framework validated the Arabic AAOS-FAOQ as a reliable tool,enhancing ecological validity and reducing bias in patient-reported outcomes.However,limitations such as regional specificity(Gulf-centric sampling)and short follow-up periods(4 months)underscored broader challenges in non-English research:Redundant studies,prolonged hospital stays for limited English proficiency patients,and underrepresentation of certain ethnic groups in trials.To dismantle linguistic hegemony,we proposed semantic reconstruction(e.g.,integrating culturally specific indicators like"prayer posture"),dialect-aware neural tran-slation,and World Health Organization led terminology standardization.In line with these proposed solutions,AlMousa et al’s study exemplified how language-sensitive adaptations could bridge equity gaps,while future efforts would need to balance cultural specificity with cross-study comparability through AI-driven multilingual databases and policy mandates for cultural adaptation roadmaps.展开更多
To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an ...To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function socially and occupationally, leading to a high burden on both the individuals affected and society as a whole.展开更多
Drug resistance continues to be the principal limiting factor in achieving a cure for patients with cancer,significantly hindering the long-term efficacy of novel cancer drugs.Accumulating evidence has shown that meta...Drug resistance continues to be the principal limiting factor in achieving a cure for patients with cancer,significantly hindering the long-term efficacy of novel cancer drugs.Accumulating evidence has shown that metabolites derived from tumor cells regulate immune cell metabolism via tumor microenvironment crosstalk.However,as immunometabolic research has deepened,the leading role played by the intrinsic metabolic regulation of immune cells in the drug resistance of tumor cells has been discovered.Immune metabolites have been shown to cause immune resistance,target therapy resistance,and chemotherapy resistance,and drugs that target immune metabolism have great potential.To date,researchers have not fully explored the impact of immune-derived metabolites on tumor cells and their influence on the responsiveness to cancer drugs.In this review,we focus on the lactate,fatty acid,glucose,and nucleotide metabolic alterations that take place in T cells and macrophages and how these changes can impair anti-tumor immunity,ultimately promoting tumor cell survival and decreasing responsiveness to the corresponding therapeutic approaches.We present the current developments in drugs targeting immunometabolic pathways and propose constructive suggestions,such as precise delivery to immune cell targets to enhance efficacy and safety,offering novel perspectives for cancer drug development.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common and deadly malignancy worldwide,causing high morbidity and mortality rates.Chemoresistance continues to be the major barrier to the effective treatment of CRC.Circular RNA(circRNA),a ...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common and deadly malignancy worldwide,causing high morbidity and mortality rates.Chemoresistance continues to be the major barrier to the effective treatment of CRC.Circular RNA(circRNA),a recently identified class of non-coding RNA,has become an emerging focus in CRC research due to its abundant presence and stability in extracellular vesicles(EVs).The circRNA of EVs(EVs-circRNA)is closely associated with CRC progression and plays a pivotal role in chemoresistance mechanisms.This paper investigates the circRNA mechanism underlying different chemoresistance scenarios in CRC and explores the dual role of EVs-circRNA in mediating chemotherapy resistance.Furthermore,EVs-circRNA,a non-invasive biomarker for liquid biopsies,holds significant promise in clinical applications,ranging from early CRC diagnosis to monitoring disease progression and assessing prognosis.These studies provide a new perspective for uncovering CRC pathogenesis and lay the foundation for precision therapy and personalized treatment strategies for CRC.In the future,therapeutic strategies targeting EVs-circRNAs are anticipated to revolutionize CRC treatment,leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced quality of life for patients.展开更多
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(CSCO NSCLC)guidelines were first published in 2016,ranking among the earliest-released guidelines within the CSCO series.In 2020 the CSCO published s...The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(CSCO NSCLC)guidelines were first published in 2016,ranking among the earliest-released guidelines within the CSCO series.In 2020 the CSCO published separate guidelines for NSCLC and small cell lung cancer(SCLC)for the first time to improve clinical usability.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900)Project 5,No.2021ZD0201905Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-2-4115.
文摘BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900),Project 5(2021ZD0201905).
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ22H050001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270704,81970573)+1 种基金“Lingyan”R&D Research and Development Project(2024C03165)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents。
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity,and diabetes mellitus.Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases.Among these,rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics,while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies,underlying biological mechanisms,and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models.Additionally,this review summarizes the advantages,limitations,and challenges inherent in these preclinical models,thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
文摘Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effects of this technique have made it the most widely used medical practice in the world.The concept of evidence-based medicine has been introduced in acupuncture research for technical improvement and the production of high-quality clinical evidence.Upon reviewing the acupuncture clinical research over the past 10years,we found the gradually increasing range of diseases that it benefits,from pain management to neoplasms and genitourinary,digestive,and mental disorders.Acupuncture is included in a number of international guidelines for clinical practice.However,high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture is lacking as a result of multiple exceptional clinical trials conducted by Western researchers that have yielded antagonistic results.Future clinical research should focus on exploring objective evaluation methods for studying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Science and Technology Supporting Project in the 11th Five-year Plan(2008BAI53B061)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.
基金The study was supported by the Tianjin municipal health and Health Committee and Tianjin Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine(Scientific research project of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine NO.2019027).
文摘Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.
文摘Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surgery,the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals,rationalization of surgical methods,precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor–patient communication.Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications,including research on computational modelling technology,computational simulation technology,virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology.These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further.In this review,we summarize the advantages,latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research.The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
文摘Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts in TCM,and what has been done in Europe.I would like to tell you about some of the challenges of TCM from the perspective of the European Union (EU).Many of them are mentioned by previous speakers.In fact,there are ways to allow herbs to enter the European market.Traditional herbal products have been established.And there is a full market authorization.Traditionally,it is necessary to ensure their medicinal efficacy and safety.Clinical trials are not necessary for every circumstance,but 10 years of use history within the EU is necessary.This is the process of full marketing.The USA and Europe have a similar situation: 3 of the 4 phases are required before the marketing authorization.These are 3 examples: a newly developed drug in Europe,it is from gentian roots,primrose,sorrel and other drugs,mainly for rhinitis;this is from Switzerland,which is from an extract of coltsfoot flowers;Schwabe's is from lavender,used for anxiety,and this is its name in Australia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403220)Tianjin Health and family planning-high level talent selection and training project+1 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.17ZXMFSY00190)Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project,Tianjin health and family planning commission(No.2017003).
文摘Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy,but there has been no significant progress for many years.The emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment pattern of SCLC.Some studies have confirmed the effect of ICIs monotherapy.However,the disadvantages of ICIs monotherapy such as low responsiveness,drug resistance,and adverse reactions limited the clinical application.The combined treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors was newly developing treatment models.Clinical studies have found that ICIs combined with standard chemotherapy can significantly improve the survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer without increasing adverse reactions.Based on the synergistic effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,this paper reviews the current progress,deficiency and future exploration direction of first-line immunotherapy for extensive small cell lung cancer.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:72474008,72074011)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(grant number:2024-1G-4023)the Special Project for Director,China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine(grant number:2020YJSZX-2).
文摘Objective:Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)has shown potential as a prognostic biomarker in patients with solid tumors.This study aimed to systematically summarize the global application of ctDNA in the prognostic man-agement of solid tumor patients and to evaluate the quality of the current studies.Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus,and clinical trials.gov databases were searched to collect cohort studies on ctDNA in the prognosis of solid tumor patients from January 2016 to May 2022.The language was limited to English.Information including general information,participants and cancer characteristics,ctDNA and outcome information were extracted.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist.Results:A total of 214 studies were included in the final analysis,encompassing 21,076 patients.The number of studies has increased annually from 2016 to 2022.The most common types of solid tumors studied were colorectal cancer(27.10%),lung cancer(20.09%),pancreatic cancer(16.82%),and breast cancer(14.02%).The top three journals by number of publications had an impact factor in 2023 greater than 10.Of the studies,the median sample size was 69(interquartile range:41-111),69.81%had a sample size<100,68.92%had a median/mean age≥60 years,and 74.05%were from developed countries.Multi-center studies accounted for 40.36%.Additionally,29.82%of the studies had a bias risk score≤6.Only 16.67%of studies on liver cancer had a bias risk score>6.The primary criteria not met by the studies included“Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts”(33.33%),“Assessment of outcome”(32.16%)and“Representativeness of the exposed cohort”(27.49%).Conclusions:The prognostic value of ctDNA in patients with solid tumors is gaining increasing attention,leading to a steady rise in the number of studies.However,many studies still suffer from small sample sizes and a lack of representativeness.Furthermore,details regarding ctDNA detection methods and results reporting are often insufficiently described.There is an urgent need to improve the quality of such research.
文摘In this special issue of Genes&Diseases,Primary Immune Deficiencies(PIDs)are the main focus.This is an exciting and a rapidly emerging field of basic and clinical immunology wherein upwards of 400 clinical conditions,with approximately 350 defined mutations,are now recognized.Contrary to common perception,PIDs as a group are not uncommon.Epidemiologic studies show that population prevalence of PIDs is approximately 1:2000.Statistical extrapolations of this figure would suggest that in a large country like China or India,approximately 1 million individuals would be expected to have a PID.However,at present because of lack of awareness of these conditions amongst both the laity as well as medical professionals,majority of these patients remain undiagnosed and untreated in many developing countries.This is clearly unfortunate.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970412)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.18441902400)
文摘Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to yield the identification of clinically valuable biomarkers,including proteins,ribonucleic acids(RNAs),and deoxyribonucleic acids(DNAs),for early detection of pathological changes in susceptible patients,rapid diagnosis at the bedside after onset,and a superior therapeutic regimen primarily within the concept of personalized and tailored endovascular therapy for aortic dissection.
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFC1512700, 2020YFC1512705, 2020YFC1512703)National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Project (2018FY100600, 2018FY100602)+3 种基金Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2021ZLGX02, 2021SFGC0503, 2022ZLGX03)Taishan Pandeng Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tspd20181220)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tsqn202211310)Interdisciplinary Young Researcher Groups Program of Shandong University (2020QNQT004)。
文摘During cardiac arrest (CA),severe ischemia and hypoxia occur in tissues and organs of the entire body,inflammatory cytokines are released,and ischemiareperfusion injury occurs after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),leading to multiple organ dysfunction in the body;this condition is called post-CA syndrome(PCAS).^([1])According to the BASeline Investigation of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (BASIC-OHCA) study,the crude incidence of emergency medical service (EMS)-assessed OHCA was 95.7 per 100,000 individuals,and only1.2%of those individuals survived to hospital discharge or30 d after being resuscitated by the EMS in China.
文摘Objective:To explore the current status of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)research and predict its future research directions.Methods:The bibliometric overview of publications was conducted in the field of SA-AKI based on Web of Science Core Collection database from January 2013 to August 2023.This study employed software such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis of the included literature,including publication trends,geographic distribution characteristics,author contributions,citations,funding sources characteristics,and keyword clustering.Results:A total of 6509 articles were analyzed,and the number of publications and citations increased from 2013 to 2022.The United States had the highest number of publications in SA-AKI,while France was the country with the highest number of citations per publication.Keyword clustering analysis showed that the pathophysiology and definition of SA-AKI were the research focus,and the research hotspots were"machine learning","vitamin C","kinase","hemodynamics","renal microcirculation"and"mitochondria".Literature coupling analysis indicated that exploring the management and treatment of SA-AKI was the research frontier.Conclusions:Over the past decade,SA-AKI research has shown a upward trend in terms of the number of publication.Research primarily focuses on exploring mechanisms and improving early warning systems.Mechanisms involve microcirculatory dysfunction,inflammation,and other pathophysiological factors.Future recommendations include continuing basic research,achieving clinical application of novel biomarkers,and prioritizing renal recovery mechanisms in treatment strategies.
文摘This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on postoperative quality of life and recovery in Arabic-speaking patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries.In the context of systemic linguistic exclusion in orthopedic research—where English-language journals dominated most publi-cations and non-English-speaking populations faced dual barriers of trial under-representation and semantic distortions(e.g.,mistranslations of terms like"joint instability"in Arabic)—AlMousa et al's work highlighted the transformative po-tential of culturally adapted methodologies.Their rigorous four-stage adaptation framework validated the Arabic AAOS-FAOQ as a reliable tool,enhancing ecological validity and reducing bias in patient-reported outcomes.However,limitations such as regional specificity(Gulf-centric sampling)and short follow-up periods(4 months)underscored broader challenges in non-English research:Redundant studies,prolonged hospital stays for limited English proficiency patients,and underrepresentation of certain ethnic groups in trials.To dismantle linguistic hegemony,we proposed semantic reconstruction(e.g.,integrating culturally specific indicators like"prayer posture"),dialect-aware neural tran-slation,and World Health Organization led terminology standardization.In line with these proposed solutions,AlMousa et al’s study exemplified how language-sensitive adaptations could bridge equity gaps,while future efforts would need to balance cultural specificity with cross-study comparability through AI-driven multilingual databases and policy mandates for cultural adaptation roadmaps.
基金funded by Peking University Sixth Hospital(BDLYYLZL2024-01)the Capital Health Development Research Project Program of China(2014-4-4112).
文摘To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function socially and occupationally, leading to a high burden on both the individuals affected and society as a whole.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2508500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272951)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272953)。
文摘Drug resistance continues to be the principal limiting factor in achieving a cure for patients with cancer,significantly hindering the long-term efficacy of novel cancer drugs.Accumulating evidence has shown that metabolites derived from tumor cells regulate immune cell metabolism via tumor microenvironment crosstalk.However,as immunometabolic research has deepened,the leading role played by the intrinsic metabolic regulation of immune cells in the drug resistance of tumor cells has been discovered.Immune metabolites have been shown to cause immune resistance,target therapy resistance,and chemotherapy resistance,and drugs that target immune metabolism have great potential.To date,researchers have not fully explored the impact of immune-derived metabolites on tumor cells and their influence on the responsiveness to cancer drugs.In this review,we focus on the lactate,fatty acid,glucose,and nucleotide metabolic alterations that take place in T cells and macrophages and how these changes can impair anti-tumor immunity,ultimately promoting tumor cell survival and decreasing responsiveness to the corresponding therapeutic approaches.We present the current developments in drugs targeting immunometabolic pathways and propose constructive suggestions,such as precise delivery to immune cell targets to enhance efficacy and safety,offering novel perspectives for cancer drug development.
基金Supported by Open Project of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion,No.NCRCOP2023007.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common and deadly malignancy worldwide,causing high morbidity and mortality rates.Chemoresistance continues to be the major barrier to the effective treatment of CRC.Circular RNA(circRNA),a recently identified class of non-coding RNA,has become an emerging focus in CRC research due to its abundant presence and stability in extracellular vesicles(EVs).The circRNA of EVs(EVs-circRNA)is closely associated with CRC progression and plays a pivotal role in chemoresistance mechanisms.This paper investigates the circRNA mechanism underlying different chemoresistance scenarios in CRC and explores the dual role of EVs-circRNA in mediating chemotherapy resistance.Furthermore,EVs-circRNA,a non-invasive biomarker for liquid biopsies,holds significant promise in clinical applications,ranging from early CRC diagnosis to monitoring disease progression and assessing prognosis.These studies provide a new perspective for uncovering CRC pathogenesis and lay the foundation for precision therapy and personalized treatment strategies for CRC.In the future,therapeutic strategies targeting EVs-circRNAs are anticipated to revolutionize CRC treatment,leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced quality of life for patients.
文摘The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(CSCO NSCLC)guidelines were first published in 2016,ranking among the earliest-released guidelines within the CSCO series.In 2020 the CSCO published separate guidelines for NSCLC and small cell lung cancer(SCLC)for the first time to improve clinical usability.
