BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the ...BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effec...Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effects of this technique have made it the most widely used medical practice in the world.The concept of evidence-based medicine has been introduced in acupuncture research for technical improvement and the production of high-quality clinical evidence.Upon reviewing the acupuncture clinical research over the past 10years,we found the gradually increasing range of diseases that it benefits,from pain management to neoplasms and genitourinary,digestive,and mental disorders.Acupuncture is included in a number of international guidelines for clinical practice.However,high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture is lacking as a result of multiple exceptional clinical trials conducted by Western researchers that have yielded antagonistic results.Future clinical research should focus on exploring objective evaluation methods for studying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchi...OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.展开更多
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.展开更多
Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and littl...Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.展开更多
Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surger...Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surgery,the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals,rationalization of surgical methods,precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor–patient communication.Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications,including research on computational modelling technology,computational simulation technology,virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology.These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further.In this review,we summarize the advantages,latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research.The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug...Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity,and diabetes mellitus.Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases.Among these,rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics,while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies,underlying biological mechanisms,and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models.Additionally,this review summarizes the advantages,limitations,and challenges inherent in these preclinical models,thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts ...Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts in TCM,and what has been done in Europe.I would like to tell you about some of the challenges of TCM from the perspective of the European Union (EU).Many of them are mentioned by previous speakers.In fact,there are ways to allow herbs to enter the European market.Traditional herbal products have been established.And there is a full market authorization.Traditionally,it is necessary to ensure their medicinal efficacy and safety.Clinical trials are not necessary for every circumstance,but 10 years of use history within the EU is necessary.This is the process of full marketing.The USA and Europe have a similar situation: 3 of the 4 phases are required before the marketing authorization.These are 3 examples: a newly developed drug in Europe,it is from gentian roots,primrose,sorrel and other drugs,mainly for rhinitis;this is from Switzerland,which is from an extract of coltsfoot flowers;Schwabe's is from lavender,used for anxiety,and this is its name in Australia.展开更多
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chem...Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy,but there has been no significant progress for many years.The emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment pattern of SCLC.Some studies have confirmed the effect of ICIs monotherapy.However,the disadvantages of ICIs monotherapy such as low responsiveness,drug resistance,and adverse reactions limited the clinical application.The combined treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors was newly developing treatment models.Clinical studies have found that ICIs combined with standard chemotherapy can significantly improve the survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer without increasing adverse reactions.Based on the synergistic effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,this paper reviews the current progress,deficiency and future exploration direction of first-line immunotherapy for extensive small cell lung cancer.展开更多
AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current resea...AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area.METHODS:Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC;Clarivate)database.Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer(v1.6.18),Pajek(v1.0.0.0),and CiteSpace(v6.1.R2)software.RESULTS:The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023,of which 7482 articles(82%)were original research articles and 1464(18%)were review articles.The United States(2867)and Johns Hopkins University(166)were the most productive country and institution,respectively,but the University College London had the highest h-index(54).The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals.The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery,cyclophotocoagulation,minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS),trabeculectomy,baerveldt,epidemiology,medication adherence,nanoparticle,optical coherence tomography(OCT),gene therapy,and artificial intelligence(AI).Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords.CONCLUSION:This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma.This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.展开更多
Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological change...Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological changes in several retinal degenerative diseases,including glaucoma,ischemic optic neuropathy,diabetic neuropathy,and optic neuritis.In mammals,injured retinal ganglion cells lack regenerative capacity and undergo apoptotic cell death within a few days of injury.Additionally,these cells exhibit limited regenerative ability,ultimately contributing to vision impairment and potentially leading to blindness.Currently,the only effective clinical treatment for glaucoma is to prevent vision loss by lowering intraocular pressure through medications or surgery;however,this approach cannot halt the effect of retinal ganglion cell loss on visual function.This review comprehensively investigates the mechanisms underlying retinal ganglion cell degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases and further explores the current status and potential of cell replacement therapy for regenerating retinal ganglion cells.As our understanding of the complex processes involved in retinal ganglion cell degeneration deepens,we can explore new treatment strategies,such as cell transplantation,which may offer more effective ways to mitigate the effect of retinal degenerative diseases on vision.展开更多
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies ...Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to yield the identification of clinically valuable biomarkers,including proteins,ribonucleic acids(RNAs),and deoxyribonucleic acids(DNAs),for early detection of pathological changes in susceptible patients,rapid diagnosis at the bedside after onset,and a superior therapeutic regimen primarily within the concept of personalized and tailored endovascular therapy for aortic dissection.展开更多
Organ transplantation is the ultimate treatment for end-stage diseases such as heart and liver failure.However,the severe shortage of donor organs has limited the organ transplantation progress.Xenogeneic stem cell tr...Organ transplantation is the ultimate treatment for end-stage diseases such as heart and liver failure.However,the severe shortage of donor organs has limited the organ transplantation progress.Xenogeneic stem cell transplantation provides a new strategy to solve this problem.Researchers have shown that xenogeneic stem cell transplantation has significant therapeutic effects and broad application prospects in treating liver failure,myocardial infarction,advanced type 1 diabetes mellitus,myelosuppression,and other end-stage diseases by replacing the dysfunctional cells directly or improving the endogenous regenerative milieu.In this review,the sources,problems and solutions,and potential clinical applications of xenogeneic stem cell transplantation will be discussed.展开更多
For more than 20 years,researchers have isolated and identified postnatal dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)from different teeth,including natal teeth,exfoliated deciduous teeth,healthy teeth,and diseased teeth.Their mesen...For more than 20 years,researchers have isolated and identified postnatal dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)from different teeth,including natal teeth,exfoliated deciduous teeth,healthy teeth,and diseased teeth.Their mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-like immunophenotypic characteristics,high proliferation rate,potential for multidirectional differentiation and biological features were demonstrated to be superior to those of bone marrow MSCs.In addition,several main application forms of DPSCs and their derivatives have been investigated,including stem cell injections,modified stem cells,stem cell sheets and stem cell spheroids.In vitro and in vivo administration of DPSCs and their derivatives exhibited beneficial effects in various disease models of different tissues and organs.Therefore,DPSCs and their derivatives are regarded as excellent candidates for stem cell-based tissue regeneration.In this review,we aim to provide an overview of the potential application of DPSCs and their derivatives in the field of regenerative medicine.We describe the similarities and differences of DPSCs isolated from donors of different ages and health conditions.The methodologies for therapeutic administration of DPSCs and their derivatives are introduced,including single injections and the transplantation of the cells with a support,as cell sheets,or as cell spheroids.We also summarize the underlying mechanisms of the regenerative potential of DPSCs.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice pati...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologictargets for RA treatment. The identification of diseaseassociated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual's genetics.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a newly emerging infectious disease.After its outbreak,researchers started a large number of clinical interventional studies,using a variety of interventions to study the different...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a newly emerging infectious disease.After its outbreak,researchers started a large number of clinical interventional studies,using a variety of interventions to study the different types of COVID-19 cases.In this article,we searched the websites of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,Clinical Trials.gov,etc.,to study the publicly registered research information.Through the classification and summary of interventional methods,evaluation indicators,research design,etc.,this article provided readers with the outline of clinical research about COVID-19,and looked forward to the scientificity,feasibility,and future evidence of the clinical researches.展开更多
Enrolling in clinical trials could be time-sensitive and time-demanding tasks for the research site, especially if it is a private research organization compared to the research conducted at an academic or medical cen...Enrolling in clinical trials could be time-sensitive and time-demanding tasks for the research site, especially if it is a private research organization compared to the research conducted at an academic or medical center. Every study differs in various aspects, such as phases, study indication, eligibility criteria, etc. In terms of meeting the enrollment deadline, typically, the study indication and availability of the patient’s population at the geographical area of the research site would decide if the trial could be time-consuming. Patient recruitment and retention are critical for the success of every clinical trial;however, worldwide, this area is facing tremendous pressure and challenges. Globally 55% of clinical trials terminated due to low recruitment, with an average enrollment success rate of 40% for Phase III and IV trials. Over 80% of clinical trial attempts fail to enroll, extending the study and adding new study sites. In the United States, more than 80% of clinical trials fail to achieve targeted patient enrollment, and 30% of study participants discontinue participation. This article reviewed various factors hindering clinical trial recruitment and retention and suggested strategies to make the research site successful.展开更多
The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and developm...The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and development due to follicular dormancy and unbalanced developmental regulation in the body,leading to female infertility.Ovarian tissue in vitro activation(IVA)technology has become a new way to solve the problem of patients who cannot auto-activate primordial follicles to obtain their own mature oocytes.In IVA research,signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN/Akt and Hippo have become the focus of current research.This review will describe the relevant research progress and clinical application of the IVA mechanism,and provide a reference for clinical research on ovarian tissue culture and activation in vitro.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Clinical research results have provided more treatment opportunities for CRC patients,showing that an optima...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Clinical research results have provided more treatment opportunities for CRC patients,showing that an optimal combination of existing drugs and new drugs is needed to mitigate the burden of this disease.In this review,we have summarized recent advances in drug clinical research for CRC in 2022,including chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,to find opportunities for substantial improvements in drug discovery and clinical development methods.展开更多
"China has the opportunity to lead the world not only in research quantity, but also in quality" Lancet has affirmed[1].There is no reason to exclude the possibility that the above authoritative prediction c..."China has the opportunity to lead the world not only in research quantity, but also in quality" Lancet has affirmed[1].There is no reason to exclude the possibility that the above authoritative prediction could be applied to the research in Nephrology.However, how to comply with this goal? Methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials have the ability to address relevant research questions on safety and efficacy of new interventions.Indispensable conditions for successful conduct of clinical trials rely on the two major principles on which Good Clinical Practice is based[2]: One is strict ethical rules to safeguard the rights and safety of patients and another is high level of validity and credibility of trial data.However, absence of formal training in research ethics and methodology for investigators, reduced time for research activities, lack of adequate infrastructures, bureaucratic limitations and poor financial resources still represent major barriers to the successful performance of high quality randomized controlled trials[3].展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900)Project 5,No.2021ZD0201905Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-2-4115.
文摘BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.
文摘Acupuncture originated in China and is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.The elucidation of its anesthetic mechanisms,the medical needs of Western societies,as well as the proven therapeutic effects of this technique have made it the most widely used medical practice in the world.The concept of evidence-based medicine has been introduced in acupuncture research for technical improvement and the production of high-quality clinical evidence.Upon reviewing the acupuncture clinical research over the past 10years,we found the gradually increasing range of diseases that it benefits,from pain management to neoplasms and genitourinary,digestive,and mental disorders.Acupuncture is included in a number of international guidelines for clinical practice.However,high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture is lacking as a result of multiple exceptional clinical trials conducted by Western researchers that have yielded antagonistic results.Future clinical research should focus on exploring objective evaluation methods for studying the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Science and Technology Supporting Project in the 11th Five-year Plan(2008BAI53B061)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze key factors influencing curative effect through clinical observations of acupoint application for "treatment of win-ter disease in summer" used to prevent and treat bronchial asthma in children.METHODS:In an observational study and prospective cohort study,we observed children in remission of asthma at three class Ⅲ grade A TCM hospitals in Liaoning,Hubei,and Chengdu.RESULTS:A total of 609 children conformed to diagnostic and inclusive standards for remission of bronchial asthma.Through follow-up visits,we observed their skin reactions and the time and chance of treatment with different therapies in the three hospitals;we also compared and analyzed different drugs,acupoints,and preparations.We found that the key Chinese drugs were Bai Jie Zi(Semen Sinapis Albae) and Yian Hu Suo(Rhizoma Corydalis);the key acupoints were Feishu(BL 13),Gaohuang(BL 43),Dingchuan(EX-B1),Tiantu(CV 22),and Shanzhong(CV 17);and the best preparation was a mixture of drugs,ginger juice,and musk.Acupoint application was practiced on the hottest days of summer and the coldest days of winter for 0.5 to 2 h with the lowest rate of asthma relapse.CONCLUSIONS:The present data analysis shows that the curative effect of acupoint application for "treatment of winter disease in summer" may be influenced by recipes of Chinese drugs,preparations,prescriptions of acupoints,chance,time,and skin reactions.A curative effect is the result of the comprehensive action of these factors.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900),Project 5(2021ZD0201905).
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.
基金The study was supported by the Tianjin municipal health and Health Committee and Tianjin Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine(Scientific research project of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine NO.2019027).
文摘Dry eye is a common and frequently occurring ophthalmology disease with complex etiology and easy recurrence.Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristicsof high curative effect and little toxic and side effect in the treatment of dry eye.This paper collates the domestic reported clinical studies on the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye,which are discussed from four aspects:special prescription for specific disease,addition and subtraction of main prescription,treatment based on syndrome differentiation and proprietary Chinese medicine.The curative effect and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dry eye are demonstrated,providing a reference for the treatment of dry eye in the future.
文摘Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology,the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery.In nasal cartilage-related surgery,the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals,rationalization of surgical methods,precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor–patient communication.Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications,including research on computational modelling technology,computational simulation technology,virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology.These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further.In this review,we summarize the advantages,latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research.The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ22H050001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270704,81970573)+1 种基金“Lingyan”R&D Research and Development Project(2024C03165)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents。
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)are significant public health issues associated with a long-term increase in mortality risk,resulting from various etiologies including renal ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity,and diabetes mellitus.Numerous preclinical models have been developed to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for kidney diseases.Among these,rodent models have proven to be powerful tools in the discovery of novel therapeutics,while the development of kidney organoids has emerged as a promising advancement in the field.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction methodologies,underlying biological mechanisms,and recent therapeutic developments across different AKI and CKD models.Additionally,this review summarizes the advantages,limitations,and challenges inherent in these preclinical models,thereby contributing robust evidence to support the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
文摘Thank you for your introduction,thank DIA inviting me to come to this conference.After knowing so many data,I am very happy to learn some details about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),including China's efforts in TCM,and what has been done in Europe.I would like to tell you about some of the challenges of TCM from the perspective of the European Union (EU).Many of them are mentioned by previous speakers.In fact,there are ways to allow herbs to enter the European market.Traditional herbal products have been established.And there is a full market authorization.Traditionally,it is necessary to ensure their medicinal efficacy and safety.Clinical trials are not necessary for every circumstance,but 10 years of use history within the EU is necessary.This is the process of full marketing.The USA and Europe have a similar situation: 3 of the 4 phases are required before the marketing authorization.These are 3 examples: a newly developed drug in Europe,it is from gentian roots,primrose,sorrel and other drugs,mainly for rhinitis;this is from Switzerland,which is from an extract of coltsfoot flowers;Schwabe's is from lavender,used for anxiety,and this is its name in Australia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403220)Tianjin Health and family planning-high level talent selection and training project+1 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.17ZXMFSY00190)Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project,Tianjin health and family planning commission(No.2017003).
文摘Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has a high degree of malignancy and rapid progression,and most of the patients are in the extensive stage when they are diagnosed.The traditional treatment of SCLC is mainly systematic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy,but there has been no significant progress for many years.The emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment pattern of SCLC.Some studies have confirmed the effect of ICIs monotherapy.However,the disadvantages of ICIs monotherapy such as low responsiveness,drug resistance,and adverse reactions limited the clinical application.The combined treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors was newly developing treatment models.Clinical studies have found that ICIs combined with standard chemotherapy can significantly improve the survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer without increasing adverse reactions.Based on the synergistic effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,this paper reviews the current progress,deficiency and future exploration direction of first-line immunotherapy for extensive small cell lung cancer.
基金Suppotred by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2).
文摘AIM:To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year,journals,countries/regions,organizations,references,and keywords,to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area.METHODS:Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC;Clarivate)database.Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer(v1.6.18),Pajek(v1.0.0.0),and CiteSpace(v6.1.R2)software.RESULTS:The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023,of which 7482 articles(82%)were original research articles and 1464(18%)were review articles.The United States(2867)and Johns Hopkins University(166)were the most productive country and institution,respectively,but the University College London had the highest h-index(54).The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals.The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery,cyclophotocoagulation,minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS),trabeculectomy,baerveldt,epidemiology,medication adherence,nanoparticle,optical coherence tomography(OCT),gene therapy,and artificial intelligence(AI).Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords.CONCLUSION:This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma.This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0111200the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.U23A20436,82371047+3 种基金Key Research Project in Shanxi Province,No.202302130501008Shanxi Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.202103021221008Key Research and Development Program in Shanxi Province,No.202204051001023Shanxi Medical University Doctor’s Startup Fund Project,No.SD22028(all to YG)。
文摘Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system,transmitting visual signals to the brain.The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological changes in several retinal degenerative diseases,including glaucoma,ischemic optic neuropathy,diabetic neuropathy,and optic neuritis.In mammals,injured retinal ganglion cells lack regenerative capacity and undergo apoptotic cell death within a few days of injury.Additionally,these cells exhibit limited regenerative ability,ultimately contributing to vision impairment and potentially leading to blindness.Currently,the only effective clinical treatment for glaucoma is to prevent vision loss by lowering intraocular pressure through medications or surgery;however,this approach cannot halt the effect of retinal ganglion cell loss on visual function.This review comprehensively investigates the mechanisms underlying retinal ganglion cell degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases and further explores the current status and potential of cell replacement therapy for regenerating retinal ganglion cells.As our understanding of the complex processes involved in retinal ganglion cell degeneration deepens,we can explore new treatment strategies,such as cell transplantation,which may offer more effective ways to mitigate the effect of retinal degenerative diseases on vision.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970412)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.18441902400)
文摘Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to yield the identification of clinically valuable biomarkers,including proteins,ribonucleic acids(RNAs),and deoxyribonucleic acids(DNAs),for early detection of pathological changes in susceptible patients,rapid diagnosis at the bedside after onset,and a superior therapeutic regimen primarily within the concept of personalized and tailored endovascular therapy for aortic dissection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81670951.
文摘Organ transplantation is the ultimate treatment for end-stage diseases such as heart and liver failure.However,the severe shortage of donor organs has limited the organ transplantation progress.Xenogeneic stem cell transplantation provides a new strategy to solve this problem.Researchers have shown that xenogeneic stem cell transplantation has significant therapeutic effects and broad application prospects in treating liver failure,myocardial infarction,advanced type 1 diabetes mellitus,myelosuppression,and other end-stage diseases by replacing the dysfunctional cells directly or improving the endogenous regenerative milieu.In this review,the sources,problems and solutions,and potential clinical applications of xenogeneic stem cell transplantation will be discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. U21A20369Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No. 2021YJ0147Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University,No. RD-02-202113
文摘For more than 20 years,researchers have isolated and identified postnatal dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)from different teeth,including natal teeth,exfoliated deciduous teeth,healthy teeth,and diseased teeth.Their mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-like immunophenotypic characteristics,high proliferation rate,potential for multidirectional differentiation and biological features were demonstrated to be superior to those of bone marrow MSCs.In addition,several main application forms of DPSCs and their derivatives have been investigated,including stem cell injections,modified stem cells,stem cell sheets and stem cell spheroids.In vitro and in vivo administration of DPSCs and their derivatives exhibited beneficial effects in various disease models of different tissues and organs.Therefore,DPSCs and their derivatives are regarded as excellent candidates for stem cell-based tissue regeneration.In this review,we aim to provide an overview of the potential application of DPSCs and their derivatives in the field of regenerative medicine.We describe the similarities and differences of DPSCs isolated from donors of different ages and health conditions.The methodologies for therapeutic administration of DPSCs and their derivatives are introduced,including single injections and the transplantation of the cells with a support,as cell sheets,or as cell spheroids.We also summarize the underlying mechanisms of the regenerative potential of DPSCs.
基金Supported by The Grant of the Hungarian Science Foundation,No.OTKA K103983
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologictargets for RA treatment. The identification of diseaseassociated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual's genetics.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Research Project(2017ZX10305501)。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a newly emerging infectious disease.After its outbreak,researchers started a large number of clinical interventional studies,using a variety of interventions to study the different types of COVID-19 cases.In this article,we searched the websites of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,Clinical Trials.gov,etc.,to study the publicly registered research information.Through the classification and summary of interventional methods,evaluation indicators,research design,etc.,this article provided readers with the outline of clinical research about COVID-19,and looked forward to the scientificity,feasibility,and future evidence of the clinical researches.
文摘Enrolling in clinical trials could be time-sensitive and time-demanding tasks for the research site, especially if it is a private research organization compared to the research conducted at an academic or medical center. Every study differs in various aspects, such as phases, study indication, eligibility criteria, etc. In terms of meeting the enrollment deadline, typically, the study indication and availability of the patient’s population at the geographical area of the research site would decide if the trial could be time-consuming. Patient recruitment and retention are critical for the success of every clinical trial;however, worldwide, this area is facing tremendous pressure and challenges. Globally 55% of clinical trials terminated due to low recruitment, with an average enrollment success rate of 40% for Phase III and IV trials. Over 80% of clinical trial attempts fail to enroll, extending the study and adding new study sites. In the United States, more than 80% of clinical trials fail to achieve targeted patient enrollment, and 30% of study participants discontinue participation. This article reviewed various factors hindering clinical trial recruitment and retention and suggested strategies to make the research site successful.
基金Major Science and Technology Projects in Hainan Province(ZDKJ2017007)Hainan Natural Science Foundation(2019CXTD408)。
文摘The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and development due to follicular dormancy and unbalanced developmental regulation in the body,leading to female infertility.Ovarian tissue in vitro activation(IVA)technology has become a new way to solve the problem of patients who cannot auto-activate primordial follicles to obtain their own mature oocytes.In IVA research,signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN/Akt and Hippo have become the focus of current research.This review will describe the relevant research progress and clinical application of the IVA mechanism,and provide a reference for clinical research on ovarian tissue culture and activation in vitro.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82102858,82173233,U22A20330。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Clinical research results have provided more treatment opportunities for CRC patients,showing that an optimal combination of existing drugs and new drugs is needed to mitigate the burden of this disease.In this review,we have summarized recent advances in drug clinical research for CRC in 2022,including chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,to find opportunities for substantial improvements in drug discovery and clinical development methods.
文摘"China has the opportunity to lead the world not only in research quantity, but also in quality" Lancet has affirmed[1].There is no reason to exclude the possibility that the above authoritative prediction could be applied to the research in Nephrology.However, how to comply with this goal? Methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials have the ability to address relevant research questions on safety and efficacy of new interventions.Indispensable conditions for successful conduct of clinical trials rely on the two major principles on which Good Clinical Practice is based[2]: One is strict ethical rules to safeguard the rights and safety of patients and another is high level of validity and credibility of trial data.However, absence of formal training in research ethics and methodology for investigators, reduced time for research activities, lack of adequate infrastructures, bureaucratic limitations and poor financial resources still represent major barriers to the successful performance of high quality randomized controlled trials[3].
