Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) has been visualized by 2D XDFI (X-ray dark-field imaging) and further by a 3D X-ray CT, and the data was acquired by the X-ray optics DEI (diffraction-enhanced imaging). A newly made al...Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) has been visualized by 2D XDFI (X-ray dark-field imaging) and further by a 3D X-ray CT, and the data was acquired by the X-ray optics DEI (diffraction-enhanced imaging). A newly made algorithm was used for CT. Data of 900 projections with interval of 0.2 degrees were used. Ductus lactiferi, microcalci-fication in a 3D form have been clearly visible. The spatial resolution available was approximately 30μm.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pulmonary nocardiosis is difficult to diagnose by culture and other conventional testing,and is often associated with lethal disseminated infections.This difficulty poses a great challenge to the timeliness...BACKGROUND Pulmonary nocardiosis is difficult to diagnose by culture and other conventional testing,and is often associated with lethal disseminated infections.This difficulty poses a great challenge to the timeliness and accuracy of clinical detection,especially in susceptible immunosuppressed individuals.Metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing(mNGS)has transformed the conventional diagnosis pattern by providing a rapid and precise method to assess all microorganisms in a sample.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male was hospitalized for cough,chest tightness and fatigue for 3 consecutive days.He had received a kidney transplant 42 d prior to admission.No pathogens were detected at admission.Chest computed tomography showed nodules,streak shadows and fiber lesions in both lung lobes as well as right pleural effusion.Pulmonary tuberculosis with pleural effusion was highly suspected based on the symptoms,imaging and residence in a high tuberculosisburden area.However,anti-tuberculosis treatment was ineffective,showing no improvement in computed tomography imaging.Pleural effusion and blood samples were subsequently sent for mNGS.The results indicated Nocardia farcinica as the major pathogen.After switching to sulphamethoxazole combined with minocycline for antinocardiosis treatment,the patient gradually improved and was finally discharged.CONCLUSION A case of pulmonary nocardiosis with an accompanying bloodstream infection was diagnosed and promptly treated before the dissemination of the infection.This report emphasizes the value of mNGS in the diagnosis of nocardiosis.mNGS may be an effective method for facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatment in infectious diseases,which overcomes the shortcomings of conventional testing.展开更多
As readers of Cancer Biology and Medicine well know,there has been a seismic shift in human molecular biology over the past few years,as momentous in its own way as the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA...As readers of Cancer Biology and Medicine well know,there has been a seismic shift in human molecular biology over the past few years,as momentous in its own way as the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick 60 years ago,the elucidation of the genetic code shortly thereafter,the advent of recombinant DNA and gene cloningin the 1970s, and the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction in the mid-1980s.展开更多
Background:Although universal testing for mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR)has been recommended to all colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,related evidence for the Chinese population is lacking.Here,we investigated the prev...Background:Although universal testing for mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR)has been recommended to all colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,related evidence for the Chinese population is lacking.Here,we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathological features of dMMR patients in a large Chinese CRC cohort.Methods:We included 7,373 CRC patients treated at four Chinese medical centers between August 2010 and September 2016.Patients’baseline characteristics and pathological features were recorded.The clinicopathological features were compared between patients with MLH1/PMS2 deficiency(dMLH1/PMS2)and MSH2/MSH6 deficiency(dMSH2/MSH6).Results:Among the investigated patients,654(8.9%)were identified with dMMR CRCs and,of them,401(61.3%)were males,with a median age of 55 years(range,22-87 years);355(54.3%)had stage II CRC based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition.The prevalence of the dMLH1/PMS2 group and the dMSH2/MSH6 group were 51.5%(337/654)and 25.1%(164/654),respectively.Compared with dMSH2/MSH6 patients,those with dMLH1/PMS2 were older(57 vs 52 years,P<0.001),more likely to be female(45.7%vs 31.5%,P=0.004),prone to having tumors located in the right-hand side of the colon(59.0%vs 47.6%,P=0.015),and less likely to have a family history of tumors(29.7%vs 43.3%,P=0.003).Conclusions:The prevalence of dMMR in Chinese CRC patients was low,especially in the dMLH1/PMS2 group.The clinicopathological features were different between dMMR subgroups.展开更多
文摘Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) has been visualized by 2D XDFI (X-ray dark-field imaging) and further by a 3D X-ray CT, and the data was acquired by the X-ray optics DEI (diffraction-enhanced imaging). A newly made algorithm was used for CT. Data of 900 projections with interval of 0.2 degrees were used. Ductus lactiferi, microcalci-fication in a 3D form have been clearly visible. The spatial resolution available was approximately 30μm.
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary nocardiosis is difficult to diagnose by culture and other conventional testing,and is often associated with lethal disseminated infections.This difficulty poses a great challenge to the timeliness and accuracy of clinical detection,especially in susceptible immunosuppressed individuals.Metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing(mNGS)has transformed the conventional diagnosis pattern by providing a rapid and precise method to assess all microorganisms in a sample.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male was hospitalized for cough,chest tightness and fatigue for 3 consecutive days.He had received a kidney transplant 42 d prior to admission.No pathogens were detected at admission.Chest computed tomography showed nodules,streak shadows and fiber lesions in both lung lobes as well as right pleural effusion.Pulmonary tuberculosis with pleural effusion was highly suspected based on the symptoms,imaging and residence in a high tuberculosisburden area.However,anti-tuberculosis treatment was ineffective,showing no improvement in computed tomography imaging.Pleural effusion and blood samples were subsequently sent for mNGS.The results indicated Nocardia farcinica as the major pathogen.After switching to sulphamethoxazole combined with minocycline for antinocardiosis treatment,the patient gradually improved and was finally discharged.CONCLUSION A case of pulmonary nocardiosis with an accompanying bloodstream infection was diagnosed and promptly treated before the dissemination of the infection.This report emphasizes the value of mNGS in the diagnosis of nocardiosis.mNGS may be an effective method for facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatment in infectious diseases,which overcomes the shortcomings of conventional testing.
文摘As readers of Cancer Biology and Medicine well know,there has been a seismic shift in human molecular biology over the past few years,as momentous in its own way as the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick 60 years ago,the elucidation of the genetic code shortly thereafter,the advent of recombinant DNA and gene cloningin the 1970s, and the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction in the mid-1980s.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2017YFC0908200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 81871971]+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou[grant number 201803010117]the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou[grant number 201802020030].
文摘Background:Although universal testing for mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR)has been recommended to all colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,related evidence for the Chinese population is lacking.Here,we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathological features of dMMR patients in a large Chinese CRC cohort.Methods:We included 7,373 CRC patients treated at four Chinese medical centers between August 2010 and September 2016.Patients’baseline characteristics and pathological features were recorded.The clinicopathological features were compared between patients with MLH1/PMS2 deficiency(dMLH1/PMS2)and MSH2/MSH6 deficiency(dMSH2/MSH6).Results:Among the investigated patients,654(8.9%)were identified with dMMR CRCs and,of them,401(61.3%)were males,with a median age of 55 years(range,22-87 years);355(54.3%)had stage II CRC based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition.The prevalence of the dMLH1/PMS2 group and the dMSH2/MSH6 group were 51.5%(337/654)and 25.1%(164/654),respectively.Compared with dMSH2/MSH6 patients,those with dMLH1/PMS2 were older(57 vs 52 years,P<0.001),more likely to be female(45.7%vs 31.5%,P=0.004),prone to having tumors located in the right-hand side of the colon(59.0%vs 47.6%,P=0.015),and less likely to have a family history of tumors(29.7%vs 43.3%,P=0.003).Conclusions:The prevalence of dMMR in Chinese CRC patients was low,especially in the dMLH1/PMS2 group.The clinicopathological features were different between dMMR subgroups.
