Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxy...Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.展开更多
Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructu...Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructus amomi rotundus),Ju(tangerine peel),and Jie(platycodon root)”.This method regulates the dispersion and descent of lung Qi to dispel warm-heat pathogens and smooth the Qi movement of the triple energizer.In the treatment of lung system diseases,Ye classified them into two major categories based on etiology and pathogenesis:excess syndrome of nutrient-defense and deficiency syndrome of nutrient-defense.When discussing the treatment of cough caused by phlegm-fluid retention,he frequently referred to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and attached great importance to summarizing and absorbing the academic thoughts of predecessors.As an accomplished expert in classical formulas,Ye Tianshi followed the academic essence of Xuanyuan and Qi Bo(founders of TCM theory)and respected the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s classical formulas,integrating these theories in a coherent manner.With his masterful application of classical formulas to achieve remarkable curative effects,Ye’s academic viewpoints on treating lung system diseases still exert a profound influence on the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.展开更多
Background:Damp-heat syndrome(DHS)is a complex condition in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that can cause various issues in circulation,digestion,and the respiratory system.This syndrome is believed to be closely li...Background:Damp-heat syndrome(DHS)is a complex condition in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that can cause various issues in circulation,digestion,and the respiratory system.This syndrome is believed to be closely linked to environmental factors such as high temperature and high humidity environments.Tingzhen Lu,a prominent physician during the Qing Dynasty,proposed the efficacy of Huanglian Wengdan Decoction(HLWDT)in addressing ailments stemming from high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.Nevertheless,the specific therapeutic effects of this decoction on DHS and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Methods:To clarify the composition of HLWDT,mass spectrometry was utilized to identify the constituent compounds.Moreover,DHS rats induced by high humidity-temperature combined with a high sugar-fatty diet were treated with Huanglian Wendan decoction,the efficacy of which was evaluated based on serum biochemical indices and histopathological analyses.The expression of corresponding proteins was verified using western blotting.The mechanism of DHS relief by HLWDT was investigated by integration of network pharmacology and non-targeted metabolomics.Results:The HLWDT contained nearly 1,315 ingredients,the majority of which were flavonoids.Moreover,HLWDT not only regulated gastrointestinal motility and oxidative stress in DHS rats but also alleviated their inflammatory state.Metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis revealed that HLWDT primarily affects bile secretion,linoleic acid metabolism,PPAR,and MAPK signaling pathways.Furthermore,the PPAR signaling pathway was confirmed.HLWDT decreased the expression of NF-κB p65 and promoted MAPK phosphorylation and PPARγexpression in DHS rats.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of HLWDT on DHS is potentially attributable to activation of the PPARγ-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This experiment preliminarily elucidated the impact and mechanisms of HLWDT on DHS through pharmacodynamics,network pharmacology,and metabolomics.展开更多
Liver disease(LD)is a global health problem caused by multiple factors.At present,there are still obvious problems with limited efficacy and strong side effects of drugs used in the clinical treatment of LD.Therefore,...Liver disease(LD)is a global health problem caused by multiple factors.At present,there are still obvious problems with limited efficacy and strong side effects of drugs used in the clinical treatment of LD.Therefore,it is of great significance to search for effective hepatoprotective drugs from natural products.Geniposide(GS)is a cyclic ether terpenoid compound and a key component in the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides.It has a significant inhibitory effect on LD.However,there is currently no literature systematically analyzing its mechanism of action.To adapt to the environment of new drug research and the need for precision medication,this article summarizes the pathways and possible mechanisms of action discovered by GS in the treatment of LD,based on recent research literature:regulating bile stasis,antioxidant and anti-apoptosis,improving amino acid metabolism,improving energy metabolism,regulating lipid metabolism,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,etc.It also summarizes the pharmacokinetics of GS in vivo and discusses the liver toxicity of GS that is positively correlated with dosage.In addition,the existing problems in current research and possible future development directions were also discussed,to lay the foundation for the clinical development of natural product GS.展开更多
Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15...Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15)is a key acupoint.However,the underlying mechanism of acupuncture at BL15 in the treatment of AIC has not yet been elucidated.Methods:AIC was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats by continuous administration of acetylcholine(ACh)-CaCl2 and treatment with electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral BL15.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function;the rotarod test for motor coordination and performance;hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for the morphology of ventricles;electrocardiogram for susceptibility,inducibility,and duration of atrial fibrillation(AF);and electrical and optical mapping in isolated rat hearts maintained by the Langendorff perfusion system for electrical conduction and intracellular handling,respectively.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of cardiac conduction and intracellular calcium-handling proteins in the ventricle.Results:The results showed that EA improved the ejection factor and morphological indices on echocardiography,restored motor coordination and performance,and alleviated ventricular dilation and AF onset.EA alleviates atrial conduction disorders,shortens APD80,and decreases calcium handling in rats with AIC.Cx43 was downregulated and CaMKII was upregulated,and both effects were reversed by EA treatment.Conclusion:Our study provides a novel AIC model with abnormal electrical propagation and calcium handling that can be protected by EA at BL15.This potential mechanism may be associated with the modulation of Cx43 and CaMKII expression.展开更多
Colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation poses a major risk to patients with colitis.Patients with chronic intestinal inflammation have an approximately 2–3 fold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer(CR...Colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation poses a major risk to patients with colitis.Patients with chronic intestinal inflammation have an approximately 2–3 fold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC).Unfortunately,there is currently no effective intervention available.Huangqin decoction(HQD),a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula,is frequently clinically prescribed for treating patients with colitis,and its active ingredients have effective antitumour efficacy.Nonetheless,the mechanism of HQD-mediated prevention of colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation remains unclear.A strategy integrating metagenomic,lipidomic,and messenger RNA(mRNA)sequencing analysis was used to investigate the regulatory effects of HQD on the gut microbiome,metabolism and potential mechanisms involved in colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation.Our study revealed that HQD suppressed colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation,which was associated with enhanced intestinal barrier function,decreased the inflammatory response,and regulation of the gut microbiome.Notably,cohousing experiments revealed that the transfer of the gut microbiome from HQD-treated mice largely inhibited the pathological transformation of colitis.Moreover,gut microbiome transfer from HQD-treated mice primarily resulted in the altered regulation of fatty acid metabolism,especially the remodeling of arachidonic acid metabolism,which was associated with the amelioration of pathological transformation.Arachidonic acid metabolism and the key metabolic enzyme arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase(ALOX12)were affected by HQD treatment,and no obvious protective effect of HQD was observed in Alox12−/−mice,which revealed that ALOX12 was a critical mediator of HQD protection against colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation.In summary,multiple omics analyses were applied to produce valuable data and theoretical support for the application of HQD as a promising intervention for the transformation of inflammatory CRC.展开更多
Highlights The RT-RAA-VF assay developed for the NiV P gene can perform rapid detection of NiV within 20 min at 42℃ with high specificity.This assay is capable of attaining sensitivity to a single copy of NiV RNA tra...Highlights The RT-RAA-VF assay developed for the NiV P gene can perform rapid detection of NiV within 20 min at 42℃ with high specificity.This assay is capable of attaining sensitivity to a single copy of NiV RNA transcripts.This assay effectively avoids false positives caused by aerosol contamination with a sealed disposable nucleic acid visualization test paper device.展开更多
Background:Previously,a chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)model has been widely-adopted for assessing depressive-like behaviors in animals.However,there is still room for improvement in the CSDS model to safeguard stu...Background:Previously,a chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)model has been widely-adopted for assessing depressive-like behaviors in animals.However,there is still room for improvement in the CSDS model to safeguard study accuracy and the wel-fare of lab rodents.Our study team developed a novel,standardized apparatus to induce CSDS in rodents and assessed the model's practical adaptability.Methods:An innovative CSDS cage apparatus and water bottle was designed.To evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed tools,a variety of animal models,including the tail suspension test(TST),sucrose preference test,forced swimming test(FST),novelty-suppressed feeding test,female urine sniffing test,and open field test(OFT),were adopted to assess depressive-like behaviors in mice.Fluoxetine treat-ment was also administered to observe the reversal effect,as part of the validation.Results:The CSDS cage apparatus resulted in the manifestation of depressive-like behaviors in the model mice.Significant reductions in sucrose preference and urine sniffing time were observed,while the OFT revealed decreased central zone total distance,residence time,and frequency of entry.Moreover,increased immobility was found in the FST and TST.Fluoxetine treatment was found to successfully reverse the modeling effect.Conclusion:The CSDS cage apparatus was validated for enhanced usability and ad-dressed the previous challenges of water bottle leakage and lab rodent welfare is-sues.The consistent results from multiple behavioral tests also supported real-world application of the apparatus,offering researchers a promising alternative to conven-tional rodent cages.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the antioxidant protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGP)pretreatment on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury(RIRI)in rats.METHODS:RIRI was induced in Sprague Dawley rats through an...AIM:To investigate the antioxidant protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGP)pretreatment on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury(RIRI)in rats.METHODS:RIRI was induced in Sprague Dawley rats through anterior chamber perfusion,and pretreatment involved administering LbGP via gavage for 7d.After 24h of reperfusion,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and creatinine(CREA)levels,retinal structure,expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)in the retina were measured.RESULTS:The pretreatment with LbGP effectively protected the retina and retinal tissue from edema and inflammation in the ganglion cell layer(GCL)and nerve fiber layer(NFL)of rats subjected to RIRI,as shown by light microscopy and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Serum AST was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.042),but no difference was found in ALT,AST,and CREA across the LbGP groups and model group.Caspase-3 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.006),but no difference was found among LbGP groups and the model group.Caspase-8 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.000),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).SOD activity was lower in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and the decrease was slower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.003).MDA content was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).The pretreatment with LbGP did not result in any observed liver or renal toxicity in the model.CONCLUSION:LbGP pretreatment exhibits dosedependent anti-inflammatory,and antioxidative effects by reducing Caspase-8 expression,preventing declines of SOD activity,and decreasing MDA content in the RIRI rat model.展开更多
Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and im...Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and immune escape of CRC.MDSCs create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of immunoreactive cells,including T and natural killer cells,as well as by inducing the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells,such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages,which,in turn,promote the growth of cancer cells.Thus,MDSCs are key contributors to the emergence of an immunosup-pressive microenvironment in CRC and play an important role in the breakdown of antitumor immunity.In this narrative review,we explore the mechanisms through which MDSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment,the current therapeutic approaches and technologies targeting MDSCs,and the therapeutic potential of modulating MDSCs in CRC treatment.This study provides ideas and methods to enhance survival rates in patients with CRC.展开更多
Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, wit...Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with broad application prospects in health care, food, and agriculture. However, the instability of volatile components, which are susceptible to deterioration under light,heat, and oxygen exposure, as well as limited water solubility, have significantly impeded the development and application of EOs.Porous nanoclays are natural clay minerals with a layered structure. They possess unique structural characteristics such as large pore size, regular distribution, and tunable particle size, which are extensively utilized in drug delivery, adsorption separation, reaction catalysis, and other fields. Natural-derived porous nanoclays have garnered considerable attention for the encapsulation and delivery of EOs. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure, types, and properties of natural-derived porous nanoclays, focusing on the structural characteristics of porous nanoclays such as montmorillonite, palygorskite, halloysite, kaolinite, vermiculite, and natural zeolite. It also examines research advances in their delivery of EOs and explores engineering strategies to enhance the delivery of EOs by natural-derived porous nanoclays. Finally, various applications of natural-derived porous nanoclays for EOs in antibacterial, food preservation, repellent, and insecticide aspects are presented, providing a reference for the development and application of EOs.展开更多
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage ...Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.展开更多
This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0.The go...This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0.The goal is to contribute to the preservation and understanding of historical texts,showcasing the potential of modern deep learning methods in archaeological research.Our research culminates in several key findings and scientific contributions.We comprehensively compare the performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in the context of Palmyrene character segmentation—this comparative analysis mainly focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in this context.We also created and annotated an extensive dataset of Palmyrene inscriptions,a crucial resource for further research in the field.The dataset serves for training and evaluating the segmentation models.We employ comparative evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess the segmentation results,ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of our findings and we present custom visualization tools for predicted segmentation masks.Our study advances the state of the art in semi-automatic reading of Palmyrene inscriptions and establishes a benchmark for future research.The availability of the Palmyrene dataset and the insights into algorithm performance contribute to the broader understanding of historical text analysis.展开更多
Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a sys...Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models we...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of C.sativus.A xyleneinduced inflammation model or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model was used in this study.C.sativus petal and stamen extracts were each administered to the mice in the xylene and LPS models by gavage for 14 d at 0.1 and 0.4 g/kg doses,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βin mouse serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and in the spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)protein levels within the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway were assessed using western blotting.RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS(5μg/mL)and LPS+C.sativus(0.05,0.1,and 0.2 mg/mL)for 24 h,and a Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure cell proliferation.Changes in NLRP3 and NF-κB levels were evaluated by western blotting.Results:Petal and stamen extracts of C.sativus attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects in local or systemic inflammatory models and repaired pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.These extracts also decreased the concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1βin the mouse serum in the LPS-induced inflammation model.C.sativus downregulated NLRP3 protein level through the NF-κB pathway and downregulated LC-3 and BECLIN1 in vivo and in vitro.Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone(CCCP)weakened the effects of C.sativus on the NLRP3–NF-κB pathway.Conclusion:C.sativus has anti-inflammatory effects and regulates the NLRP3-NF-κB pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Differences in the preoperative characteristics and weight loss outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy(SG)between patients with familial aggregation of obesity(FAO)and patients with sporadic obesity(SO)have not ...BACKGROUND Differences in the preoperative characteristics and weight loss outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy(SG)between patients with familial aggregation of obesity(FAO)and patients with sporadic obesity(SO)have not been elucidated.AIM To explore the impact of SG on weight loss and the alleviation of obesity-related comorbidities in individuals with FAO.METHODS A total of 193 patients with obesity who underwent SG were selected.Patients with FAO/SO were matched 1:1 by propensity score matching and were categorized into 4 groups based on the number of first-degree relatives with obesity(1 SO vs 1FAO,2SO vs 2FAO).The baseline characteristics,weight loss outcomes,prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities and incidence of major surgeryrelated complications were compared between groups.RESULTS We defined FAO as the presence of two or more first-degree relatives with obesity.Patients with FAO did not initially show significant differences in baseline data,short-term postoperative weight loss,or obesity-related comorbidities when compared to patients with SO preoperatively.However,distinctions between the two groups became evident at the two-year mark,with statistically significant differences in both percentage of total weight loss(P=0.006)and percentage of excess weight loss(P<0.001).The FAO group exhibited weaker remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)(P=0.031),hyperlipidemia(P=0.012),and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(P=0.003)as well as a lower incidence of acid reflux(P=0.038).CONCLUSION FAO patients is associated with decreased mid-to-long-term weight loss outcomes;the alleviation of T2DM,hyperlipidemia and NAFLD;and decreased incidence of acid reflux postoperatively.展开更多
Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer trea...Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to delay tumor development,reduce pain,and prolong patient survival.However,the potential immunotherapeutic effects of these herbal derivatives are limited by their structural instability,poor membrane permeability,and low bioavailability.To address this issue,nanotechnology has been used to enhance the activity of active compounds.Therefore,this review focuses on the effectiveness of the active ingredients of herbal medicines in suppressing tumor progression by modulating both the innate and adaptive immune systems,challenges in their delivery,and the application of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of these herbal components.展开更多
Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the n...Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the number of vulnerabilities in combination with security risk management entropy. However, vulnerabilities can be either local or non-local, where the former is confined to networked elements and the latter results from interactions between elements. Furthermore, interactions involve multiple methods of communication, where each method can contain vulnerabilities specific to that method. Importantly, the number of possible interactions scales quadratically with the number of elements in standard network topologies. Minimizing these interactions can significantly reduce the number of vulnerabilities and the accompanying complexity. Two network configurations that yield sub-quadratic and linear scaling relations are presented.展开更多
The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostic...The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. The advancement of engineering particle design and fabrication is largely supported by a better understanding of how their apparent characteristics(e.g., size and size distribution, surface morphology, colloidal stability, chemical composition) influence their in vivo biological performance, which raises an urgent need for practical nanoformulation methods. Based on turbulent flow mixing and the self-assembly of molecules in fluids, flash technologies emerged as effective bottom-up fabrication strategies for effective nanoformulation. Among the flash technology family, flash nanocomplexation(FNC) is considered a novel and promising candidate that can promote and optimize formulation processes in a precise spatiotemporal manner, thus obtaining excellent fabrication efficiency, reproducibility and expandability. This review presents an overview of recent advances in fabricating drug-delivery nanoparticles using FNC platforms. Firstly, brief introductions to the basic principles of FNC technology were carried out, followed by descriptions of turbulent microvolume mixers that have significantly promoted the efficiency of FNC-based fabrications. Applications of real formulation cases were then categorized according to the self-assembly-driven interactions(including electrostatic interaction, coordination interaction,hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction) and discussed to reveal the progressiveness of fabricating nanoparticles and discuss how its flexibility will provide advances and replenish the philosophy of nanomedicine formulation. In the end, the commercial potential, current limitations, and prospects of FNC technology for nanoformulation will be summarized and discussed.展开更多
Objective: To cultivate the clinical thinking of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods: A 53-year-old male patient with fever, systemic rash accompanied by oral, perineal and perianal ulcers for 5 days was enrolle...Objective: To cultivate the clinical thinking of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods: A 53-year-old male patient with fever, systemic rash accompanied by oral, perineal and perianal ulcers for 5 days was enrolled and managed utilizing traditional Chinese medicine principles.Results: By enhancing relevant auxiliary examinations to exclude hand-foot-and-mouth disease, combined with the four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, the diagnosis was established as Huhuo disease, and the differentiation was dampness-heat encumbering inside. On the basis of modern medical fluid rehydration and nutritional support(glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and other drugs were not used in the whole treatment).The patient was treated with Chinese medicine differentiation, and administered Gancao Xiexin decoction for 9 days and then was recovered and discharged.Conclusions: Based on the trinity of “theory-classic-clinical”, the cultivation of TCM thinking can be realized.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0720)Research Center for the Development of the Comprehensive Health Industry and Rural Revitalization of Sichuan TCM(No.DJKYB202306)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020HJZX001).
文摘Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.
文摘Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructus amomi rotundus),Ju(tangerine peel),and Jie(platycodon root)”.This method regulates the dispersion and descent of lung Qi to dispel warm-heat pathogens and smooth the Qi movement of the triple energizer.In the treatment of lung system diseases,Ye classified them into two major categories based on etiology and pathogenesis:excess syndrome of nutrient-defense and deficiency syndrome of nutrient-defense.When discussing the treatment of cough caused by phlegm-fluid retention,he frequently referred to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and attached great importance to summarizing and absorbing the academic thoughts of predecessors.As an accomplished expert in classical formulas,Ye Tianshi followed the academic essence of Xuanyuan and Qi Bo(founders of TCM theory)and respected the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s classical formulas,integrating these theories in a coherent manner.With his masterful application of classical formulas to achieve remarkable curative effects,Ye’s academic viewpoints on treating lung system diseases still exert a profound influence on the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82360897)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(No.20212BAB216007)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangxi Province of China(No.2022A328).
文摘Background:Damp-heat syndrome(DHS)is a complex condition in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that can cause various issues in circulation,digestion,and the respiratory system.This syndrome is believed to be closely linked to environmental factors such as high temperature and high humidity environments.Tingzhen Lu,a prominent physician during the Qing Dynasty,proposed the efficacy of Huanglian Wengdan Decoction(HLWDT)in addressing ailments stemming from high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.Nevertheless,the specific therapeutic effects of this decoction on DHS and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Methods:To clarify the composition of HLWDT,mass spectrometry was utilized to identify the constituent compounds.Moreover,DHS rats induced by high humidity-temperature combined with a high sugar-fatty diet were treated with Huanglian Wendan decoction,the efficacy of which was evaluated based on serum biochemical indices and histopathological analyses.The expression of corresponding proteins was verified using western blotting.The mechanism of DHS relief by HLWDT was investigated by integration of network pharmacology and non-targeted metabolomics.Results:The HLWDT contained nearly 1,315 ingredients,the majority of which were flavonoids.Moreover,HLWDT not only regulated gastrointestinal motility and oxidative stress in DHS rats but also alleviated their inflammatory state.Metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis revealed that HLWDT primarily affects bile secretion,linoleic acid metabolism,PPAR,and MAPK signaling pathways.Furthermore,the PPAR signaling pathway was confirmed.HLWDT decreased the expression of NF-κB p65 and promoted MAPK phosphorylation and PPARγexpression in DHS rats.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of HLWDT on DHS is potentially attributable to activation of the PPARγ-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This experiment preliminarily elucidated the impact and mechanisms of HLWDT on DHS through pharmacodynamics,network pharmacology,and metabolomics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project(81830110)。
文摘Liver disease(LD)is a global health problem caused by multiple factors.At present,there are still obvious problems with limited efficacy and strong side effects of drugs used in the clinical treatment of LD.Therefore,it is of great significance to search for effective hepatoprotective drugs from natural products.Geniposide(GS)is a cyclic ether terpenoid compound and a key component in the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia jasminoides.It has a significant inhibitory effect on LD.However,there is currently no literature systematically analyzing its mechanism of action.To adapt to the environment of new drug research and the need for precision medication,this article summarizes the pathways and possible mechanisms of action discovered by GS in the treatment of LD,based on recent research literature:regulating bile stasis,antioxidant and anti-apoptosis,improving amino acid metabolism,improving energy metabolism,regulating lipid metabolism,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,etc.It also summarizes the pharmacokinetics of GS in vivo and discusses the liver toxicity of GS that is positively correlated with dosage.In addition,the existing problems in current research and possible future development directions were also discussed,to lay the foundation for the clinical development of natural product GS.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3500405,2019YFC1712105)The National Science Foundation of China(82374075)+1 种基金The National Comprehensive Traditional Chinese Medicine Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Collaborative Development Project(GZY-KJS-SD-2024-046)Taishan Scholar Youth Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202306188).
文摘Objective:Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy(AIC)is a reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by rapid or irregular heartbeat.Acupuncture has a long history of use in the treatment of cardiac diseases,and Xinshu(BL15)is a key acupoint.However,the underlying mechanism of acupuncture at BL15 in the treatment of AIC has not yet been elucidated.Methods:AIC was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats by continuous administration of acetylcholine(ACh)-CaCl2 and treatment with electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral BL15.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function;the rotarod test for motor coordination and performance;hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for the morphology of ventricles;electrocardiogram for susceptibility,inducibility,and duration of atrial fibrillation(AF);and electrical and optical mapping in isolated rat hearts maintained by the Langendorff perfusion system for electrical conduction and intracellular handling,respectively.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of cardiac conduction and intracellular calcium-handling proteins in the ventricle.Results:The results showed that EA improved the ejection factor and morphological indices on echocardiography,restored motor coordination and performance,and alleviated ventricular dilation and AF onset.EA alleviates atrial conduction disorders,shortens APD80,and decreases calcium handling in rats with AIC.Cx43 was downregulated and CaMKII was upregulated,and both effects were reversed by EA treatment.Conclusion:Our study provides a novel AIC model with abnormal electrical propagation and calcium handling that can be protected by EA at BL15.This potential mechanism may be associated with the modulation of Cx43 and CaMKII expression.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82320108022,82322076,and 822104466)Shanghai Rising-Star Program,China(Grant No.:20QA1409300)+1 种基金the National Funding Program for Postdoctoral Researchers,China(C gradeProgram No.:GZC20231707).
文摘Colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation poses a major risk to patients with colitis.Patients with chronic intestinal inflammation have an approximately 2–3 fold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC).Unfortunately,there is currently no effective intervention available.Huangqin decoction(HQD),a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula,is frequently clinically prescribed for treating patients with colitis,and its active ingredients have effective antitumour efficacy.Nonetheless,the mechanism of HQD-mediated prevention of colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation remains unclear.A strategy integrating metagenomic,lipidomic,and messenger RNA(mRNA)sequencing analysis was used to investigate the regulatory effects of HQD on the gut microbiome,metabolism and potential mechanisms involved in colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation.Our study revealed that HQD suppressed colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation,which was associated with enhanced intestinal barrier function,decreased the inflammatory response,and regulation of the gut microbiome.Notably,cohousing experiments revealed that the transfer of the gut microbiome from HQD-treated mice largely inhibited the pathological transformation of colitis.Moreover,gut microbiome transfer from HQD-treated mice primarily resulted in the altered regulation of fatty acid metabolism,especially the remodeling of arachidonic acid metabolism,which was associated with the amelioration of pathological transformation.Arachidonic acid metabolism and the key metabolic enzyme arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase(ALOX12)were affected by HQD treatment,and no obvious protective effect of HQD was observed in Alox12−/−mice,which revealed that ALOX12 was a critical mediator of HQD protection against colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation.In summary,multiple omics analyses were applied to produce valuable data and theoretical support for the application of HQD as a promising intervention for the transformation of inflammatory CRC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0703600)。
文摘Highlights The RT-RAA-VF assay developed for the NiV P gene can perform rapid detection of NiV within 20 min at 42℃ with high specificity.This assay is capable of attaining sensitivity to a single copy of NiV RNA transcripts.This assay effectively avoids false positives caused by aerosol contamination with a sealed disposable nucleic acid visualization test paper device.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82204958 and 82305065Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2020ZD17+2 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Emotional Disease and Brain Steady State Regulation Innovation Team,Grant/Award Number:2023KJ191Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:202105010467Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:Q-2022059。
文摘Background:Previously,a chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)model has been widely-adopted for assessing depressive-like behaviors in animals.However,there is still room for improvement in the CSDS model to safeguard study accuracy and the wel-fare of lab rodents.Our study team developed a novel,standardized apparatus to induce CSDS in rodents and assessed the model's practical adaptability.Methods:An innovative CSDS cage apparatus and water bottle was designed.To evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed tools,a variety of animal models,including the tail suspension test(TST),sucrose preference test,forced swimming test(FST),novelty-suppressed feeding test,female urine sniffing test,and open field test(OFT),were adopted to assess depressive-like behaviors in mice.Fluoxetine treat-ment was also administered to observe the reversal effect,as part of the validation.Results:The CSDS cage apparatus resulted in the manifestation of depressive-like behaviors in the model mice.Significant reductions in sucrose preference and urine sniffing time were observed,while the OFT revealed decreased central zone total distance,residence time,and frequency of entry.Moreover,increased immobility was found in the FST and TST.Fluoxetine treatment was found to successfully reverse the modeling effect.Conclusion:The CSDS cage apparatus was validated for enhanced usability and ad-dressed the previous challenges of water bottle leakage and lab rodent welfare is-sues.The consistent results from multiple behavioral tests also supported real-world application of the apparatus,offering researchers a promising alternative to conven-tional rodent cages.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174444)the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xinglin Scholar Discipline Talent Research Promotion Program Project(No.XKTD2022009)the Inheritance and Communication Department of Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Department of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.XJ2023001701).
文摘AIM:To investigate the antioxidant protective effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide(LbGP)pretreatment on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury(RIRI)in rats.METHODS:RIRI was induced in Sprague Dawley rats through anterior chamber perfusion,and pretreatment involved administering LbGP via gavage for 7d.After 24h of reperfusion,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and creatinine(CREA)levels,retinal structure,expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)in the retina were measured.RESULTS:The pretreatment with LbGP effectively protected the retina and retinal tissue from edema and inflammation in the ganglion cell layer(GCL)and nerve fiber layer(NFL)of rats subjected to RIRI,as shown by light microscopy and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Serum AST was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.042),but no difference was found in ALT,AST,and CREA across the LbGP groups and model group.Caspase-3 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.006),but no difference was found among LbGP groups and the model group.Caspase-8 expression was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.000),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).SOD activity was lower in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and the decrease was slower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.003).MDA content was higher in the model group than in the blank group(P=0.001),and lower in the 400 mg/kg LbGP group than in the model group(P=0.016).The pretreatment with LbGP did not result in any observed liver or renal toxicity in the model.CONCLUSION:LbGP pretreatment exhibits dosedependent anti-inflammatory,and antioxidative effects by reducing Caspase-8 expression,preventing declines of SOD activity,and decreasing MDA content in the RIRI rat model.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82320108022,No.82322076 and No.82104466.
文摘Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and immune escape of CRC.MDSCs create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of immunoreactive cells,including T and natural killer cells,as well as by inducing the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells,such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages,which,in turn,promote the growth of cancer cells.Thus,MDSCs are key contributors to the emergence of an immunosup-pressive microenvironment in CRC and play an important role in the breakdown of antitumor immunity.In this narrative review,we explore the mechanisms through which MDSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment,the current therapeutic approaches and technologies targeting MDSCs,and the therapeutic potential of modulating MDSCs in CRC treatment.This study provides ideas and methods to enhance survival rates in patients with CRC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82474087, 82274108)the Young Qihuang Scholar Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the State (No. 2022256)+1 种基金Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program (No.CXTD22006)Jiangxi Province 2023 Graduate Innovation Special Fund Project (No. YC2023-S793)。
文摘Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with broad application prospects in health care, food, and agriculture. However, the instability of volatile components, which are susceptible to deterioration under light,heat, and oxygen exposure, as well as limited water solubility, have significantly impeded the development and application of EOs.Porous nanoclays are natural clay minerals with a layered structure. They possess unique structural characteristics such as large pore size, regular distribution, and tunable particle size, which are extensively utilized in drug delivery, adsorption separation, reaction catalysis, and other fields. Natural-derived porous nanoclays have garnered considerable attention for the encapsulation and delivery of EOs. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure, types, and properties of natural-derived porous nanoclays, focusing on the structural characteristics of porous nanoclays such as montmorillonite, palygorskite, halloysite, kaolinite, vermiculite, and natural zeolite. It also examines research advances in their delivery of EOs and explores engineering strategies to enhance the delivery of EOs by natural-derived porous nanoclays. Finally, various applications of natural-derived porous nanoclays for EOs in antibacterial, food preservation, repellent, and insecticide aspects are presented, providing a reference for the development and application of EOs.
基金Supported by Key Project of Henan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2017ZY1020General Public Relations Project of Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.212102311123General Research Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.GZY-KJS-2021-017.
文摘Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.
基金The results and knowledge included herein have been obtained owing to support from the following institutional grant.Internal grant agency of the Faculty of Economics and Management,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Grant No.2023A0004-“Text Segmentation Methods of Historical Alphabets in OCR Development”.https://iga.pef.czu.cz/.Funds were granted to T.Novák,A.Hamplová,O.Svojše,and A.Veselýfrom the author team.
文摘This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0.The goal is to contribute to the preservation and understanding of historical texts,showcasing the potential of modern deep learning methods in archaeological research.Our research culminates in several key findings and scientific contributions.We comprehensively compare the performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in the context of Palmyrene character segmentation—this comparative analysis mainly focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in this context.We also created and annotated an extensive dataset of Palmyrene inscriptions,a crucial resource for further research in the field.The dataset serves for training and evaluating the segmentation models.We employ comparative evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess the segmentation results,ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of our findings and we present custom visualization tools for predicted segmentation masks.Our study advances the state of the art in semi-automatic reading of Palmyrene inscriptions and establishes a benchmark for future research.The availability of the Palmyrene dataset and the insights into algorithm performance contribute to the broader understanding of historical text analysis.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82474657,82305362,82305360)the Sichuan Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(SCJJ24ZD101)+1 种基金the Science popularization project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(2024JDKP0051)the Xinglin Promotion Program of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(QJJJ2022019,MPRC2022022,KPZX2022022).
文摘Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873063)High-level talents Research project of Hefei Normal University(2020rcjj30)+2 种基金Key Project of Provincial Scientific Research Platform of Hefei Normal University in 2020(2020PTZD14)Key Project of Universities Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province(KJ2021A0935,KJ2021A0932)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202009).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of petal and stamen extracts of saffron crocus(Crocus sativus)and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Local and systemic inflammation models were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of C.sativus.A xyleneinduced inflammation model or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model was used in this study.C.sativus petal and stamen extracts were each administered to the mice in the xylene and LPS models by gavage for 14 d at 0.1 and 0.4 g/kg doses,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βin mouse serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and in the spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)protein levels within the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway were assessed using western blotting.RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS(5μg/mL)and LPS+C.sativus(0.05,0.1,and 0.2 mg/mL)for 24 h,and a Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure cell proliferation.Changes in NLRP3 and NF-κB levels were evaluated by western blotting.Results:Petal and stamen extracts of C.sativus attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects in local or systemic inflammatory models and repaired pathological changes in the ear in the xylene-induced inflammation model and spleen in the LPS-induced inflammation model.These extracts also decreased the concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1βin the mouse serum in the LPS-induced inflammation model.C.sativus downregulated NLRP3 protein level through the NF-κB pathway and downregulated LC-3 and BECLIN1 in vivo and in vitro.Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone(CCCP)weakened the effects of C.sativus on the NLRP3–NF-κB pathway.Conclusion:C.sativus has anti-inflammatory effects and regulates the NLRP3-NF-κB pathway.
文摘BACKGROUND Differences in the preoperative characteristics and weight loss outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy(SG)between patients with familial aggregation of obesity(FAO)and patients with sporadic obesity(SO)have not been elucidated.AIM To explore the impact of SG on weight loss and the alleviation of obesity-related comorbidities in individuals with FAO.METHODS A total of 193 patients with obesity who underwent SG were selected.Patients with FAO/SO were matched 1:1 by propensity score matching and were categorized into 4 groups based on the number of first-degree relatives with obesity(1 SO vs 1FAO,2SO vs 2FAO).The baseline characteristics,weight loss outcomes,prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities and incidence of major surgeryrelated complications were compared between groups.RESULTS We defined FAO as the presence of two or more first-degree relatives with obesity.Patients with FAO did not initially show significant differences in baseline data,short-term postoperative weight loss,or obesity-related comorbidities when compared to patients with SO preoperatively.However,distinctions between the two groups became evident at the two-year mark,with statistically significant differences in both percentage of total weight loss(P=0.006)and percentage of excess weight loss(P<0.001).The FAO group exhibited weaker remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)(P=0.031),hyperlipidemia(P=0.012),and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(P=0.003)as well as a lower incidence of acid reflux(P=0.038).CONCLUSION FAO patients is associated with decreased mid-to-long-term weight loss outcomes;the alleviation of T2DM,hyperlipidemia and NAFLD;and decreased incidence of acid reflux postoperatively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260695,82360781)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232ACB206062)+4 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ2400823)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202207)Young Jinggang Scholar of Jiangxi Province(Jing Zhang)and New Century Talents Project of Jiangxi Province(2017082,Xiang Li and 2020028,Jing Zhang)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(CXTD22001 and CXTD22006)Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Zone Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(New Drug Creation Direction)(TQ-20).
文摘Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to delay tumor development,reduce pain,and prolong patient survival.However,the potential immunotherapeutic effects of these herbal derivatives are limited by their structural instability,poor membrane permeability,and low bioavailability.To address this issue,nanotechnology has been used to enhance the activity of active compounds.Therefore,this review focuses on the effectiveness of the active ingredients of herbal medicines in suppressing tumor progression by modulating both the innate and adaptive immune systems,challenges in their delivery,and the application of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of these herbal components.
文摘Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the number of vulnerabilities in combination with security risk management entropy. However, vulnerabilities can be either local or non-local, where the former is confined to networked elements and the latter results from interactions between elements. Furthermore, interactions involve multiple methods of communication, where each method can contain vulnerabilities specific to that method. Importantly, the number of possible interactions scales quadratically with the number of elements in standard network topologies. Minimizing these interactions can significantly reduce the number of vulnerabilities and the accompanying complexity. Two network configurations that yield sub-quadratic and linear scaling relations are presented.
基金supported by the Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (No. 2021JJLH0037)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211065)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82003673)Yangcheng Scholars Research Project of Guangzhou (No. 20183197)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan (No. 201901010170)
文摘The application of nanotechnologies in formulation has significantly promoted the development of modern medical and pharmacological science, especially for nanoparticle-based drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. The advancement of engineering particle design and fabrication is largely supported by a better understanding of how their apparent characteristics(e.g., size and size distribution, surface morphology, colloidal stability, chemical composition) influence their in vivo biological performance, which raises an urgent need for practical nanoformulation methods. Based on turbulent flow mixing and the self-assembly of molecules in fluids, flash technologies emerged as effective bottom-up fabrication strategies for effective nanoformulation. Among the flash technology family, flash nanocomplexation(FNC) is considered a novel and promising candidate that can promote and optimize formulation processes in a precise spatiotemporal manner, thus obtaining excellent fabrication efficiency, reproducibility and expandability. This review presents an overview of recent advances in fabricating drug-delivery nanoparticles using FNC platforms. Firstly, brief introductions to the basic principles of FNC technology were carried out, followed by descriptions of turbulent microvolume mixers that have significantly promoted the efficiency of FNC-based fabrications. Applications of real formulation cases were then categorized according to the self-assembly-driven interactions(including electrostatic interaction, coordination interaction,hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction) and discussed to reveal the progressiveness of fabricating nanoparticles and discuss how its flexibility will provide advances and replenish the philosophy of nanomedicine formulation. In the end, the commercial potential, current limitations, and prospects of FNC technology for nanoformulation will be summarized and discussed.
基金supported by Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry Development and Rural Revitalization Research Center (No.DJKZD202303)。
文摘Objective: To cultivate the clinical thinking of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods: A 53-year-old male patient with fever, systemic rash accompanied by oral, perineal and perianal ulcers for 5 days was enrolled and managed utilizing traditional Chinese medicine principles.Results: By enhancing relevant auxiliary examinations to exclude hand-foot-and-mouth disease, combined with the four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, the diagnosis was established as Huhuo disease, and the differentiation was dampness-heat encumbering inside. On the basis of modern medical fluid rehydration and nutritional support(glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and other drugs were not used in the whole treatment).The patient was treated with Chinese medicine differentiation, and administered Gancao Xiexin decoction for 9 days and then was recovered and discharged.Conclusions: Based on the trinity of “theory-classic-clinical”, the cultivation of TCM thinking can be realized.
