This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and su...This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.展开更多
The rapid growth of the city of Sana'a, both vertically and horizontally, and the increase of its population over the past two decades, led to a continued gradual rise in the prices of its lands, starting from the...The rapid growth of the city of Sana'a, both vertically and horizontally, and the increase of its population over the past two decades, led to a continued gradual rise in the prices of its lands, starting from the city centers and the proximity of the streets to their rankings. Then according to its importance and the areas surrounding the city, this in turn also led to reinvestment or intensive investment of land located in the city centers and next to the main commercial streets. Since most of the buildings in these areas were built before the prices of those lands increased, the prices of the land becomes more than the price of the building on which it is located, and the need for partial or individual investment and optimal exploitation of the land leads to the removal of those buildings (or selling them to investors that can invest better). Then reconstructing them with new buildings, even if they are in good condition, which may be called land reinvestment or extensive land investment. The extensive use of the land brings forth the transfer of its functions to various investment options, like commercial offices, financial services, etc. These changes occurred according to the market and investment mechanism and the increase in the natural growth of cities, while all these changes are often far from the city's major plan, land-use changes without any approved planning reference and is usually not accompanied by any legislation, rules, regulations or planning systems that regulate the new direction and this has led to the increase of burden on the ability of the available services to perform its function, which was originally at a low level. Moreover, this has created many environmental and administrative problems, the impact of which is evident through overcrowding, the disappearance of some green areas and the great lack of provision of all major services in accordance with the assumed standards.展开更多
Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,ec...Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.展开更多
Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship...Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.展开更多
Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship...Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.展开更多
With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration wi...With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration within urban spaces and serve as testbeds for exploring smart city planning and governance models.Information models facilitate the effective integration of technology into space.Building Information Modeling(BIM)and City Information Modeling(CIM)have been widely used in urban construction.However,the existing information models have limitations in the application of the park,so it is necessary to develop an information model suitable for the park.This paper first traces the evolution of park smart transformation,reviews the global landscape of smart park development,and identifies key trends and persistent challenges.Addressing the particularities of parks,the concept of Park Information Modeling(PIM)is proposed.PIM leverages smart technologies such as artificial intelligence,digital twins,and collaborative sensing to help form a‘space-technology-system’smart structure,enabling systematic management of diverse park spaces,addressing the deficiency in park-level information models,and aiming to achieve scale articulation between BIM and CIM.Finally,through a detailed top-level design application case study of the Nanjing Smart Education Park in China,this paper illustrates the translation process of the PIM concept into practice,showcasing its potential to provide smart management tools for park managers and enhance services for park stakeholders,although further empirical validation is required.展开更多
Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological li...Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.展开更多
In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoun...In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.展开更多
Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted ...Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical aspects. Such research into the area＇s economic network structure is beneficial for the formation of an urban- and regional-development strategy. This paper constructs an economic tie model based on a modified gravitation model. Subsequently, referring to social network analysis, the paper empirically studies the network density, network centrality, subgroups and structural holes of the middle reaches of Changjiang River＇s urban agglomeration economic network. The findings are fourfold： （1） an economic network of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River has been formed, and economic ties between the cities in this network are comparatively dense; （2） the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River can be divided into four significant subgroups, with each subgroup having its own obvious economic communications, while there is less economic-behavioral heterogeneity among subgroups - this is especially true for the two subgroups that exist in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone; （3） an economy pattern driven by the central cities of Wuhan, Changsha and Nanchang has emerged in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of Changjiang River, while these three capital cities have exerted great radiation abilities to their surrounding cities, the latter are less able to absorb resources from the former （4） the Wuhan Metropolitan Areas and the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone have more structural holes than the Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters, meaning that cities at the periphery of these two areas are easily constrained by central cities. The Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters have fewer structural holes; thus, the cities in this area will not face as many constraints as those in the other two areas.展开更多
Vegetation indices （Ⅵ） are one of the standard science products available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）. Validation of MODIS-Ⅵ products was an important prerequisite to using the...Vegetation indices （Ⅵ） are one of the standard science products available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）. Validation of MODIS-Ⅵ products was an important prerequisite to using these variables for global modeling. In this study, validation of the MODIS-Ⅵ products including single-day MODIS, level 2 （gridded） daily MODIS surface reflectance （MOD09）, 16-day composited MODIS （MOD13） was performed utilizing multisensor data from MODIS, Thematic Mapper （TM）, and field radiometer, for a rice-planting region in southern China. The validation approach involved scaling up independent fine-grained datasets, including ground measurement and high spatial resolution imagery, to the coarser MODIS spatial resolutions. The 16-day composited MODIS reflectance and Ⅵ matched well with the ground measurement reflectance and Ⅵ. The Ⅵ of TM and MODIS were lower than the ground Ⅵ. The results demonstrated the accuracy, reliability, and utility of the MODIS-Ⅵ products for the study region.展开更多
As an important part of land use/cover change(LUCC), historical LUCC in long time series attracts much more attention from scholars. Currently, based on the view of combining the overall control of cropland area and ...As an important part of land use/cover change(LUCC), historical LUCC in long time series attracts much more attention from scholars. Currently, based on the view of combining the overall control of cropland area and ′top-down′ decision-making behaviors, here are two global historical land-use datasets, generally referred as the Sustainability and the Global Environment datasets(SAGE datasets) and History Database of the Global Environment datasets(HYDE datasets). However, at the regional level, these global datasets have coarse resolutions and inevitable errors. Considering various factors that influenced cropland distribution, including cropland connectivity and the limitation of natural and human factors, this study developed a reconstruction model of historical cropland based on constrained Cellular Automaton(CA) of ′bottom-up′. Then, an available labor force index is used as a proxy for the amount of cropland to inspect and calibrate these spatial patterns. Applied the reconstruction model to Shandong Province, we reconstructed its spatial distribution of cropland during 8 periods. The reconstructed results show that: 1) it is properly suitable for constrained CA to simulate and reconstruct the spatial distribution of cropland in traditional cultivated region of China; 2) compared with ′SAGE datasets′ and ′HYDE datasets′, this study have formed higher-resolution Boolean spatial distribution datasets of historical cropland with a more definitive concept of spatial pattern in terms of fractional format.展开更多
Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such a...Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.展开更多
The current measuring methods of walkability,such as the walk score,consider that walking distance decay laws for all amenities are the same,which is not applicable to typical communities in China with plentiful resou...The current measuring methods of walkability,such as the walk score,consider that walking distance decay laws for all amenities are the same,which is not applicable to typical communities in China with plentiful resources.Therefore,the walking distance decay laws of multi-type and multi-scale facilities are studied.Firstly,based on the residents'amenity selection survey,the walking distance decay law of residents'choice of amenity was studied from three aspects,including the law of all amenities,the laws of different types of amenities and the laws of different scales of amenities.It was proved that the walking distance decay laws of different kinds of amenities showed a significant difference.Secondly,different amenities'acceptable walking distance and optimum walking distance were obtained according to previous studies and the decay curve.Amenities with higher attraction and/or a larger scale showed a longer acceptable walking distance and optimum walking distance.Finally,the binary logistic model was used to describe the relationships between walking distance,amenity type,amenity scale and the probability of one amenity being selected,the prediction accuracy of which reached 80.4%.The calculated probability obtained from the model can be used as the decay coefficient of amenities in the measurement of walkability,providing a reference for the site selection and evaluation of amenities.展开更多
The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent years.Studies on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about ...The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent years.Studies on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about the temporal dimension of OHDS accessibility as well as the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS.This study measures the spatiotemporal accessibility of four types of OHDS,namely leisure,fresh and convenient,medical,and catering services.The geographic and socioeconomic disparities in the spatiotemporal accessibility of these four types of OHDS are then identified using spatial statistical methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test).The case study in Nanjing,China,suggests that:1)spatiotemporal accessibility better reflects the temporal variation of OHDS accessibility and avoids overestimation of OHDS accessibility when only considering its spatial dimension.2)The spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS varies geographically and socioeconomically.Neighborhoods located in the main city or neighborhoods with higher housing prices,higher population density,and higher point of interest(POI)mix have better OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.Our study contributes to the understanding of OHDS accessibility from a spatiotemporal perspective,and the empirical insights can assist policymakers in creating intervention plans that take into account variations in OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.展开更多
Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustain-able material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosys...Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustain-able material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organi-cally, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environ-ment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable develop-ment on the 'super-science' level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development's new para-digm.展开更多
This paper analyzed the current situation,types,and problems of traditional villages,discussed the conception of the integration of planning design and planning implementation targeting the defects of the planning des...This paper analyzed the current situation,types,and problems of traditional villages,discussed the conception of the integration of planning design and planning implementation targeting the defects of the planning design of the conservation and development of traditional villages as well as the disconnection between planning and implementation,and expounded the exploration of the economic development and tourism development of traditional villages as well as the reflection on"homestay fever",environmental governance,preservation of traditional dwellings of traditional villages.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing domestic sewage features in rural China and also previous experience in sewage processing, a high-efficiency and low-cost technique for the rural domestic sewage processing was proposed, that...On the basis of analyzing domestic sewage features in rural China and also previous experience in sewage processing, a high-efficiency and low-cost technique for the rural domestic sewage processing was proposed, that is, "new bio-trickling filter + ecological concrete tank". Such an innovative technique is fit for national conditions of China, and worth to be popularized in rural China. The study also provides a referential support for other researches.展开更多
Mode choice is important in shipping commodities efficiently. This paper develops a binary logit model and a regression model to study the cereal grains movement by truck and rail in the United States using the public...Mode choice is important in shipping commodities efficiently. This paper develops a binary logit model and a regression model to study the cereal grains movement by truck and rail in the United States using the publically available Freight Analysis Framework (FAF2.2) database and U.S. highway and networks and TransCAD, a geographic information system with strong transportation modeling capabilities. The binary logit model and the regression model both use the same set of generic variables, including mode split probability, commodity weight, value, network travel time, and fuel cost. The results show that both the binary logit and regression models perform well for cereal grains transportation in the United States, with the binary logit model yielding overall better estimates with respect to the observed truck and rail mode splits. The two models can be used to study other commodities between two modes and may produce better results if more mode specific variables are used.展开更多
文摘This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.
文摘The rapid growth of the city of Sana'a, both vertically and horizontally, and the increase of its population over the past two decades, led to a continued gradual rise in the prices of its lands, starting from the city centers and the proximity of the streets to their rankings. Then according to its importance and the areas surrounding the city, this in turn also led to reinvestment or intensive investment of land located in the city centers and next to the main commercial streets. Since most of the buildings in these areas were built before the prices of those lands increased, the prices of the land becomes more than the price of the building on which it is located, and the need for partial or individual investment and optimal exploitation of the land leads to the removal of those buildings (or selling them to investors that can invest better). Then reconstructing them with new buildings, even if they are in good condition, which may be called land reinvestment or extensive land investment. The extensive use of the land brings forth the transfer of its functions to various investment options, like commercial offices, financial services, etc. These changes occurred according to the market and investment mechanism and the increase in the natural growth of cities, while all these changes are often far from the city's major plan, land-use changes without any approved planning reference and is usually not accompanied by any legislation, rules, regulations or planning systems that regulate the new direction and this has led to the increase of burden on the ability of the available services to perform its function, which was originally at a low level. Moreover, this has created many environmental and administrative problems, the impact of which is evident through overcrowding, the disappearance of some green areas and the great lack of provision of all major services in accordance with the assumed standards.
文摘Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.
文摘Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.
文摘Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42330510)。
文摘With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration within urban spaces and serve as testbeds for exploring smart city planning and governance models.Information models facilitate the effective integration of technology into space.Building Information Modeling(BIM)and City Information Modeling(CIM)have been widely used in urban construction.However,the existing information models have limitations in the application of the park,so it is necessary to develop an information model suitable for the park.This paper first traces the evolution of park smart transformation,reviews the global landscape of smart park development,and identifies key trends and persistent challenges.Addressing the particularities of parks,the concept of Park Information Modeling(PIM)is proposed.PIM leverages smart technologies such as artificial intelligence,digital twins,and collaborative sensing to help form a‘space-technology-system’smart structure,enabling systematic management of diverse park spaces,addressing the deficiency in park-level information models,and aiming to achieve scale articulation between BIM and CIM.Finally,through a detailed top-level design application case study of the Nanjing Smart Education Park in China,this paper illustrates the translation process of the PIM concept into practice,showcasing its potential to provide smart management tools for park managers and enhance services for park stakeholders,although further empirical validation is required.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42330510,41871160,42371262)。
文摘Smart specialization is a regional development strategy that identifies regional innovation advantages through the analysis of cluster networks,while strengthening both intra-cluster and inter-cluster technological linkages to promote coordinated regional development.Drawing on branch office flow and patent cooperation data,and employing methods such as the Expectation-Maximization(EM)clustering algorithm and the‘Product Space’approach,this study investigates innovation and technological linkages both within and across industrial clusters.The key findings are as follows.First,Jiangsu’s clusters demonstrate two patterns:closely integrated industrial networks in southern cities like Suzhou,fostering strong industrial resilience,and distinct technological boundaries in northern and central cities like Yancheng,resulting in weaker integration.Second,the cluster network exhibits a single-core structure at the municipal level,centered around Nanjing,with a multi-tiered hierarchy at the district level.Third,innovation linkages between clusters follow a dual-core structure,with Nanjing and Suzhou as central hubs.In this structure,large enterprises in Nanjing and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in Suzhou reflect complementary industrial characteristics.Finally,both technology-intensive and low-tech manufacturing industries show a higher propensity for cross-regional innovation,with some cities demonstrating significant advantages in high-tech industries.Grounded in the framework of smart specialization,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of innovation and technological linkages within cluster networks at the industrial level,offering scientific insights to support the localized implementation of smart specialization strategies in the Chinese context.
基金Under the auspices of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY19C160007)。
文摘In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41371182 Key Project of Hunan Social Science Foundation, No. 12ZDB01 Entrusting Project of Hunan Social Science Foundation Base, No. 12JD 12
文摘Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical aspects. Such research into the area＇s economic network structure is beneficial for the formation of an urban- and regional-development strategy. This paper constructs an economic tie model based on a modified gravitation model. Subsequently, referring to social network analysis, the paper empirically studies the network density, network centrality, subgroups and structural holes of the middle reaches of Changjiang River＇s urban agglomeration economic network. The findings are fourfold： （1） an economic network of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River has been formed, and economic ties between the cities in this network are comparatively dense; （2） the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River can be divided into four significant subgroups, with each subgroup having its own obvious economic communications, while there is less economic-behavioral heterogeneity among subgroups - this is especially true for the two subgroups that exist in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone; （3） an economy pattern driven by the central cities of Wuhan, Changsha and Nanchang has emerged in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of Changjiang River, while these three capital cities have exerted great radiation abilities to their surrounding cities, the latter are less able to absorb resources from the former （4） the Wuhan Metropolitan Areas and the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone have more structural holes than the Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters, meaning that cities at the periphery of these two areas are easily constrained by central cities. The Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters have fewer structural holes; thus, the cities in this area will not face as many constraints as those in the other two areas.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40171065)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No. 2002AA243011)
文摘Vegetation indices （Ⅵ） are one of the standard science products available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）. Validation of MODIS-Ⅵ products was an important prerequisite to using these variables for global modeling. In this study, validation of the MODIS-Ⅵ products including single-day MODIS, level 2 （gridded） daily MODIS surface reflectance （MOD09）, 16-day composited MODIS （MOD13） was performed utilizing multisensor data from MODIS, Thematic Mapper （TM）, and field radiometer, for a rice-planting region in southern China. The validation approach involved scaling up independent fine-grained datasets, including ground measurement and high spatial resolution imagery, to the coarser MODIS spatial resolutions. The 16-day composited MODIS reflectance and Ⅵ matched well with the ground measurement reflectance and Ⅵ. The Ⅵ of TM and MODIS were lower than the ground Ⅵ. The results demonstrated the accuracy, reliability, and utility of the MODIS-Ⅵ products for the study region.
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB952001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41340016,412013860)
文摘As an important part of land use/cover change(LUCC), historical LUCC in long time series attracts much more attention from scholars. Currently, based on the view of combining the overall control of cropland area and ′top-down′ decision-making behaviors, here are two global historical land-use datasets, generally referred as the Sustainability and the Global Environment datasets(SAGE datasets) and History Database of the Global Environment datasets(HYDE datasets). However, at the regional level, these global datasets have coarse resolutions and inevitable errors. Considering various factors that influenced cropland distribution, including cropland connectivity and the limitation of natural and human factors, this study developed a reconstruction model of historical cropland based on constrained Cellular Automaton(CA) of ′bottom-up′. Then, an available labor force index is used as a proxy for the amount of cropland to inspect and calibrate these spatial patterns. Applied the reconstruction model to Shandong Province, we reconstructed its spatial distribution of cropland during 8 periods. The reconstructed results show that: 1) it is properly suitable for constrained CA to simulate and reconstruct the spatial distribution of cropland in traditional cultivated region of China; 2) compared with ′SAGE datasets′ and ′HYDE datasets′, this study have formed higher-resolution Boolean spatial distribution datasets of historical cropland with a more definitive concept of spatial pattern in terms of fractional format.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52008194)。
文摘Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.
文摘The current measuring methods of walkability,such as the walk score,consider that walking distance decay laws for all amenities are the same,which is not applicable to typical communities in China with plentiful resources.Therefore,the walking distance decay laws of multi-type and multi-scale facilities are studied.Firstly,based on the residents'amenity selection survey,the walking distance decay law of residents'choice of amenity was studied from three aspects,including the law of all amenities,the laws of different types of amenities and the laws of different scales of amenities.It was proved that the walking distance decay laws of different kinds of amenities showed a significant difference.Secondly,different amenities'acceptable walking distance and optimum walking distance were obtained according to previous studies and the decay curve.Amenities with higher attraction and/or a larger scale showed a longer acceptable walking distance and optimum walking distance.Finally,the binary logistic model was used to describe the relationships between walking distance,amenity type,amenity scale and the probability of one amenity being selected,the prediction accuracy of which reached 80.4%.The calculated probability obtained from the model can be used as the decay coefficient of amenities in the measurement of walkability,providing a reference for the site selection and evaluation of amenities.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42330510)。
文摘The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent years.Studies on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about the temporal dimension of OHDS accessibility as well as the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS.This study measures the spatiotemporal accessibility of four types of OHDS,namely leisure,fresh and convenient,medical,and catering services.The geographic and socioeconomic disparities in the spatiotemporal accessibility of these four types of OHDS are then identified using spatial statistical methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test).The case study in Nanjing,China,suggests that:1)spatiotemporal accessibility better reflects the temporal variation of OHDS accessibility and avoids overestimation of OHDS accessibility when only considering its spatial dimension.2)The spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS varies geographically and socioeconomically.Neighborhoods located in the main city or neighborhoods with higher housing prices,higher population density,and higher point of interest(POI)mix have better OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.Our study contributes to the understanding of OHDS accessibility from a spatiotemporal perspective,and the empirical insights can assist policymakers in creating intervention plans that take into account variations in OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.
文摘Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustain-able material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organi-cally, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environ-ment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable develop-ment on the 'super-science' level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development's new para-digm.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51608240)
文摘This paper analyzed the current situation,types,and problems of traditional villages,discussed the conception of the integration of planning design and planning implementation targeting the defects of the planning design of the conservation and development of traditional villages as well as the disconnection between planning and implementation,and expounded the exploration of the economic development and tourism development of traditional villages as well as the reflection on"homestay fever",environmental governance,preservation of traditional dwellings of traditional villages.
文摘On the basis of analyzing domestic sewage features in rural China and also previous experience in sewage processing, a high-efficiency and low-cost technique for the rural domestic sewage processing was proposed, that is, "new bio-trickling filter + ecological concrete tank". Such an innovative technique is fit for national conditions of China, and worth to be popularized in rural China. The study also provides a referential support for other researches.
文摘Mode choice is important in shipping commodities efficiently. This paper develops a binary logit model and a regression model to study the cereal grains movement by truck and rail in the United States using the publically available Freight Analysis Framework (FAF2.2) database and U.S. highway and networks and TransCAD, a geographic information system with strong transportation modeling capabilities. The binary logit model and the regression model both use the same set of generic variables, including mode split probability, commodity weight, value, network travel time, and fuel cost. The results show that both the binary logit and regression models perform well for cereal grains transportation in the United States, with the binary logit model yielding overall better estimates with respect to the observed truck and rail mode splits. The two models can be used to study other commodities between two modes and may produce better results if more mode specific variables are used.
