Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many s...Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’effectiveness.However,the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy.In this study,we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics,pedestrian environments,and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data.Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments.More specifically,we observe that,when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low,the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics.Furthermore,even within the same pedestrian environment,the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates.These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric.To evaluate NPIs accurately,facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric.This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.展开更多
BACKGROUND Presently,there is no established standard anti-blood clot therapy for patients facing acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by left ventricular thrombus(LVT).While vitamin K antagonists are the prefe...BACKGROUND Presently,there is no established standard anti-blood clot therapy for patients facing acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by left ventricular thrombus(LVT).While vitamin K antagonists are the preferred choice for oral blood thinning,determining the best course of blood-thinning medication remains challenging.It is unclear if non-vitamin K antagonist oral blood thinners have different effectiveness in treating LVT.This study significantly contributes to the medical community.CASE SUMMARY The blood-thinning treatment of a patient with AMI and LVT was analyzed.Triple blood-thinning therapy included daily enteric-coated aspirin tablets at 0.1 g,daily clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate at 75 mg,and dabigatran etexilate at 110 mg twice daily.After 15 d,the patient’s LVT did not decrease but instead increased.Clinical pharmacists comprehensively analyzed the cases from the perspective of the patient’s disease status and drug interaction.The drug regimen was reformulated for the patient,replacing dabigatran etexilate with warfarin,and was administered for six months.The clinical pharmacist provided the patient with professional and standardized pharmaceutical services.The patient’s condition was discharged after meeting the international normalized ratio value(2-3)criteria.The patient fully complied with the follow-up,and the time in the therapeutic range was 78.57%,with no serious adverse effects during pharmaceutical monitoring.CONCLUSION Warfarin proves to be an effective drug for patients with AMI complicated by LVT,and its blood-thinning course lasts for six months.展开更多
Prediction of coastal sediment transport is of particularly importance for analyzing coast erosion accurately and solving the corresponding coast protection engineering problems.The present study provided a numerical ...Prediction of coastal sediment transport is of particularly importance for analyzing coast erosion accurately and solving the corresponding coast protection engineering problems.The present study provided a numerical scheme for sediment transport in coastal waves and wave-induced currents.In the scheme,the sand transport model was implemented with wave refraction-diffraction model and near-shore current model.Coastal water wave was simulated by using the parabolic mild-slope equation in which wave refraction,diffraction and breaking effects are considered.Wave-induced current was simulated by using the nonlinear shallow water equations in which wave provides radiation stresses for driving current.Then,sediment transport in waves and wave-induced currents was simulated by using the two-dimensional suspended sediment transport equations for suspended sediment and the bed-load transport equation for bed load.The numerical scheme was validated by experiment results from the Large-scale Sediment Transport Facility at the US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg.The numerical results showed that the present scheme is an effective tool for modeling coastal sediment transport in waves and near-shore currents.展开更多
In the present study,the insulation mechanism of building walls during the summer days and nights is investigated with a realistic approach to enhance their performance.A fiber layer,as a porous medium with air gaps,i...In the present study,the insulation mechanism of building walls during the summer days and nights is investigated with a realistic approach to enhance their performance.A fiber layer,as a porous medium with air gaps,is used along the wall layers to decrease the energy loss.Meanwhile,the radiation heat flux variation during five days in a row has been considered for each side of the building,and it is tried to reach the optimum values for geometrical factors and find suitable insulation for each side of the building.A lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) based code is developed to simulate the actual chain of the heat transfer which consists of radiation,conduction,forced and natural convection combination within wall layers including fiber porous insulation.The results indicate that for the current insulation model,the effect of natural convection on the heat transfer is not negligible and the existence of the porous layer has caused a positive impact on the heat loss reduction by decreasing the circulation speed.Also,by using the optimum location and thickness for the insulation layer,it is showed that each side of the building has different rates of energy loss during a day,and for the appropriate insulation,they need to be evaluated separately.展开更多
Rolling Thin Film Oven Test （RTFOT） is the AASHTO T240 standard method to simulate asphalt plant mix aging. But it has proven inadequate in aging polymer-modified asphalts （PMA）. NCHRP 9-10 offered a modified RTF...Rolling Thin Film Oven Test （RTFOT） is the AASHTO T240 standard method to simulate asphalt plant mix aging. But it has proven inadequate in aging polymer-modified asphalts （PMA）. NCHRP 9-10 offered a modified RTFOT （MRTFOT） by adding a steel rod in each bottle. Since construction temperature of PMA mixture is 10 ℃ -20 ℃ higher than that of conventional asphalt mixtures in the field, elevating RTFOT temperature for PMA is necessary for adequate aging and proper simulation. Six PMAs with various PG grades and sources were aged with RTFO at elevated temperatures. Some were also treated with MRTFOT for comparison. SHRP performance grade and phase angle were used as indicators to analyze the effects of RTFOT under different conditions. The results show that elevating the temperature is more effective than using rods. And PMA RTFOT temperature could be determined by equiviscous principle. From limited data, O. 25 Pa ~ s is tentatively proposed as critical viscosity for PMA, but still more work is necessary to validate this. Given the fact that equiviscous principle is seldom used in field practice, a simple approach was proposed： 173 ℃ is used for RTFOT of PG70 PMAs （grading herein from un-aged asphalts） , while 178 ℃ is for PMAs of PG76 or PG82 and 20 ℃ higher than standard 163 ℃ is necessary for PG 88 or stiffer PMAs.展开更多
According to the drainage problems emerging from the several torrential rainstorm in domestic coastal cities in the last two years, especially the issues that the drainage and waterlogging prevention of coastal cities...According to the drainage problems emerging from the several torrential rainstorm in domestic coastal cities in the last two years, especially the issues that the drainage and waterlogging prevention of coastal cities are susceptible to the tide level of open seas, this paper took the reconstruction of Yingping District in Xiamen, a typical coastal area, as a case study, analyzed the main waterlogging causes of the district under the influences of the average annual tide level and storm tide caused by typhoon with the application of drainage model, and came up with reasonable implementation strategies for reconstruction;besides, this paper also assessed and divided the waterlogging risks of the district under the influences of storm tide and applied engineering measures as well as non-engineering measures to prevent the urban cities from water-logging hazards. It is expected that the study would provide reference for the reconstruction of coastal cities in drainage and water-logging prevention.展开更多
Using comparative analysis and documentation method,this paper reveals infeasibility of establishing land development rights in China based on the path of real rights,in the hope of providing recommendations for impro...Using comparative analysis and documentation method,this paper reveals infeasibility of establishing land development rights in China based on the path of real rights,in the hope of providing recommendations for improving the research route on localization of land development rights. Results indicate that at the level of legislative techniques,the land development rights rooted from property right paradigm do not contain possess the elements of object of real rights and conflict with the principle of statutory real rights and single ownership. At the level of legal logic,individual case of TDR conflicts with real right in rem. In conclusion,it is infeasible to introduce land development rights based on the path of real rights. In future,it is required to discard the concept of mechanical transplantation and explore feasible path and seek feasible way for establishing land development rights along with the direction of quasi-property and improving regulation efficiency.展开更多
Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitroge...Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitrogen removal effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen removal. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research examined the ability of SND to meet state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-month sampling period was 52.8%, paralleling results from similar SBR municipal wastewater systems. The observed SBR system had removal efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub>-N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under comparable circumstances. Overall, nitrogen removal for this SBR system was >99% which typified results in other SND systems, but at a higher Total Nitrogen removal rate.展开更多
In modern residential engineering, most of the building wall adopts the brick structure, but because the building wall cracks in the process of long-term use, so wall cracks vary, crack length and width beyond the pre...In modern residential engineering, most of the building wall adopts the brick structure, but because the building wall cracks in the process of long-term use, so wall cracks vary, crack length and width beyond the prescribed degree can not spread, which leads to the corresponding damage, which will also reduce the seismic performance of residential buildings, to the life safety of residents. This article analyzes the types and causes of cracks in the building wall, and gives reasonable opinions on the countermeasures of crack prevention in the construction of concrete brick wall building.展开更多
The cracks in the building concrete structure are very extensive. Although unstructured cracks will not affect the structural strength and structural stability, they will also affect the durability and integrity of bu...The cracks in the building concrete structure are very extensive. Although unstructured cracks will not affect the structural strength and structural stability, they will also affect the durability and integrity of building components. Cracks have become a key problem affecting the quality of construction engineering. According to the actual situation, the reinforced concrete basement and external concrete wall in the project, the temperature shrinkage and the internal temperature of "box" structure in the final condensation to three weeks of age.展开更多
At the present stage, the world's energy sources are gradually drying up, and the air, sea, soil and other environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Energy conservation and environmental protecti...At the present stage, the world's energy sources are gradually drying up, and the air, sea, soil and other environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Energy conservation and environmental protection have become a hot topic of concern, especially because of the huge internal energy consumption of some buildings, which is easy to cause surrounding pollution. Therefore, in the process of building construction management, people need to research and develop more new equipment, new technologies and new processes as much as possible to promote the application of green management model and reduce the energy consumption of buildings. This paper focuses on the analysis of the main advantages of green engineering construction management, expounds the significance of the gradual transformation of current construction management into a green development model, and puts forward some suggestions, hoping to promote the transformation of construction management.展开更多
With the rapid development of 3D Digital City, the focus of research has shifted from 3D city modeling and geo-database construction to 3D geo-database service and maintenance. The frequent modifications on geometry, ...With the rapid development of 3D Digital City, the focus of research has shifted from 3D city modeling and geo-database construction to 3D geo-database service and maintenance. The frequent modifications on geometry, texture, attribute, and topology present a great challenge to the 3D geo-database updating.This article proposes an event-driven spatiotemporal database model (ESDM) that combines the historical and present 3D city models with the semantic classification and state expression, triggered by changing events predefined. In addition, a corresponding dynamic updating method based on adaptive matching algorithm is presented to perform the dynamic updating operation for the complex 3D city models automatically, according to the compound matching of semantics, attributes, and spatial locations. finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed ESDM and its updating method are demonstrated through a 3D geo-database with more than 1.5 million 3D city models.展开更多
Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)is a major global health concern,with limited understanding of longitudinal changes in host gene expression and respiratory microbiome throughout disease progression and recovery.To ad...Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)is a major global health concern,with limited understanding of longitudinal changes in host gene expression and respiratory microbiome throughout disease progression and recovery.To address this gap,we longitudinally collected CAP patients’peripheral blood for transcriptome and oropharyngeal swabs for microbiome analysis from admission to 4 months post infection.Age-and sex-matched volunteers were recruited as controls.We observed CAP patients mounted rapid,effective,and moderate immune responses against infection.Coagulation activation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the striking pathways showing distinct difference in CAP patients compared to controls,and the latter was validated by lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of CAP patients.Although transcriptional perturbations gradually decreased,they did not fully recover during the follow-up period.Similarly,persisting oropharyngeal microbiome dysbiosis was observed,characterized by significantly lower alpha diversity and altered taxonomy distribution(P<0.05).CAP increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus,Veillonella,and Peptostreptococcus,while decreasing that of Haemophilus,Neisseria,and Porphyromonas.Integrated analysis of host response and oropharyngeal microbiome revealed that the relative abundance of Haemophilus,Neisseria,Porphyromonas,and Stomatobaculum were positively related to mitochondrial structure and function pathways,whereas the relative abundance of Prevotella declined over time in patients and positively correlated with anti-pathogen and interferon signaling pathways.These results underscore the persistent impact of CAP on both host immunity and oropharyngeal microbiome,even months after infection,emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up and targeted strategies to facilitate full recovery and restore homeostasis.展开更多
With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has b...With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.展开更多
Severe pneumonia in patients infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1(pH1N1)virus was partially attributed to excessive immune response.Anti-virus treatment for these patients was insufficient.Here we reported the therapy...Severe pneumonia in patients infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1(pH1N1)virus was partially attributed to excessive immune response.Anti-virus treatment for these patients was insufficient.Here we reported the therapy effect of sirolimus,an immunosuppressor,combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid for a puerpera with severe pneumonia caused by pH1N1 virus.This patient has infected with the pH1N1 virus in late pregnancy,and antiviral therapy was not implemented timely.She developed severe pneumonia and ARDS rapidly and need receive a cesarean section on the 39th week after pregnancy.After giving birth to a healthy baby,she received a combination of oseltamivir,sirolimus and corticosteroid,and improved in the following days.Moreover,the cytokines in serum and viral loads in BALF decreased significantly.She recovered without infectious symptoms and was discharged.Sirolimus combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid is likely responsible for lowering the viral loads,reducing the patient's cytokine level,and further improving her clinical outcomes.It provides evidence that adjuvant treatment was beneficial to patients with severe pneumonia induced by the pH1N1 virus.展开更多
This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies o...This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies of logical analysis and case study.The results indicate that the holdout problem is almost an inevitable result of market-oriented urban renewal, and its proliferation not only goes against social morality and the principle of justice, but also harms social public interests, and even causes market failure.The paper proposes two approaches to dealing with holdout problem: first, to introduce the contracting commitment to restrict the owners’ freedom of contract, and to guarantee the public benefit of all owners;second, to introduce land expropriation right to regulate holdout behavior via authority of state.展开更多
Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on lo...Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).展开更多
In traffic safety management,identifying high-risk areas prone to traffic crashes is crucial.Road authorities focus on these high-risk segments to implement strategies that mitigate the impact of recurring crashes.How...In traffic safety management,identifying high-risk areas prone to traffic crashes is crucial.Road authorities focus on these high-risk segments to implement strategies that mitigate the impact of recurring crashes.However,errors in identifying these hotspots can lead to inefficient resource allocation for safety improvements.These errors often stem from the reliance on aggregated traffic data for predicting crash frequency(CF).The road traffic system is characterized by the interaction of human,vehicle,and road factors,and is inherently complex.While many researchers have used components of the road traffic systems in safety evaluation studies,the use of recurrent traffic patterns remains underexplored.To address this issue,this study proposes a method for hotspot identification that utilizes safety performance analysis derived from real-time traffic data and a model with various crash factors.This paper proposes a hotspot identification approach using a real-time crash prediction model for high-risk traffic patterns.Specifically,a real-time crash prediction model is developed using logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of crashes under high-risk traffic patterns.The model integrates real-time data on traffic,weather,and road geometry to estimate these probabilities.Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to validate the proposed method.This study reveals a strong correlation between the target frequency—a measure combining crashes and hard braking events—and the number of hazardous traffic patterns identified by the real-time crash prediction model.展开更多
Respiratory microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).However,the dynamic variation in the respiratory microbiota and its interaction with the host ...Respiratory microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).However,the dynamic variation in the respiratory microbiota and its interaction with the host response remain poorly understood.Here,we performed metagenomic analysis of respiratory and gut microbiota,along with blood transcriptomics,using longitudinally collected samples from 38 CAP patients.CAP patients presented disrupted sputum microbiota at the early,middle,and late stages of hospitalization.Microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and immune evasion,particularly contributed by the Streptococcus genus,were enriched in CAP patients.Additionally,several Streptococcus strains demonstrated correlation between respiratory and gut microbiota in CAP patients.By incorporating host response data,we revealed that Streptococcus oralis(SOR)was associated with host pathways involved in the innate immune response to infection,and this microbe‒host interaction was reproduced in a newly enrolled CAP cohort consisting of 22 patients with influenza infection.The host-SOR interaction was validated in a mouse model,where SOR demonstrated protective efficacy against influenza virus infection comparable to that of the well-established respiratory probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.Preaspiration of SOR in mice significantly mitigated body weight loss,reduced lung inflammation,and lowered viral loads following influenza virus challenge.Host response profiling indicated that SOR priming activated a greater innate immune response at the early stage of infection and that this response resolved timely as the host began to recover.These findings suggest that respiratory commensals play an immune-protective role by inducing a timely innate immune response to prevent CAP progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(1711185759).
文摘Governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and it is crucial to accurately assess the effectiveness of such measures.Many studies have quantified the risk of infection transmission and used simulations to compare the risk before and after the implementation of NPIs to judge policies’effectiveness.However,the choice of metric used to quantify the risk can lead to different conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a policy.In this study,we analyze the correlation between different transmission-risk metrics,pedestrian environments,and types of infectious diseases using simulation-generated data.Our findings reveal conflicting results among five different metric types in specific environments.More specifically,we observe that,when the randomness of pedestrian trajectories in indoor spaces is low,the closeness centrality exhibits a higher correlation coefficient with infection-based metrics than with contact-based metrics.Furthermore,even within the same pedestrian environment,the likelihood of discrepancies between infection-based metrics and other metrics increases for infectious diseases with low transmission rates.These results highlight the variability in the measured effectiveness of NPIs depending on the chosen metric.To evaluate NPIs accurately,facility managers should consider the type of facility and infectious disease and not solely rely on a single metric.This study provides a simulation model as a tool for future research and improves the reliability of pedestrian-simulation-based NPI effectiveness analysis methods.
文摘BACKGROUND Presently,there is no established standard anti-blood clot therapy for patients facing acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by left ventricular thrombus(LVT).While vitamin K antagonists are the preferred choice for oral blood thinning,determining the best course of blood-thinning medication remains challenging.It is unclear if non-vitamin K antagonist oral blood thinners have different effectiveness in treating LVT.This study significantly contributes to the medical community.CASE SUMMARY The blood-thinning treatment of a patient with AMI and LVT was analyzed.Triple blood-thinning therapy included daily enteric-coated aspirin tablets at 0.1 g,daily clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate at 75 mg,and dabigatran etexilate at 110 mg twice daily.After 15 d,the patient’s LVT did not decrease but instead increased.Clinical pharmacists comprehensively analyzed the cases from the perspective of the patient’s disease status and drug interaction.The drug regimen was reformulated for the patient,replacing dabigatran etexilate with warfarin,and was administered for six months.The clinical pharmacist provided the patient with professional and standardized pharmaceutical services.The patient’s condition was discharged after meeting the international normalized ratio value(2-3)criteria.The patient fully complied with the follow-up,and the time in the therapeutic range was 78.57%,with no serious adverse effects during pharmaceutical monitoring.CONCLUSION Warfarin proves to be an effective drug for patients with AMI complicated by LVT,and its blood-thinning course lasts for six months.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 51579036 and 51579030the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under contract No.DUT14YQ10
文摘Prediction of coastal sediment transport is of particularly importance for analyzing coast erosion accurately and solving the corresponding coast protection engineering problems.The present study provided a numerical scheme for sediment transport in coastal waves and wave-induced currents.In the scheme,the sand transport model was implemented with wave refraction-diffraction model and near-shore current model.Coastal water wave was simulated by using the parabolic mild-slope equation in which wave refraction,diffraction and breaking effects are considered.Wave-induced current was simulated by using the nonlinear shallow water equations in which wave provides radiation stresses for driving current.Then,sediment transport in waves and wave-induced currents was simulated by using the two-dimensional suspended sediment transport equations for suspended sediment and the bed-load transport equation for bed load.The numerical scheme was validated by experiment results from the Large-scale Sediment Transport Facility at the US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg.The numerical results showed that the present scheme is an effective tool for modeling coastal sediment transport in waves and near-shore currents.
文摘In the present study,the insulation mechanism of building walls during the summer days and nights is investigated with a realistic approach to enhance their performance.A fiber layer,as a porous medium with air gaps,is used along the wall layers to decrease the energy loss.Meanwhile,the radiation heat flux variation during five days in a row has been considered for each side of the building,and it is tried to reach the optimum values for geometrical factors and find suitable insulation for each side of the building.A lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) based code is developed to simulate the actual chain of the heat transfer which consists of radiation,conduction,forced and natural convection combination within wall layers including fiber porous insulation.The results indicate that for the current insulation model,the effect of natural convection on the heat transfer is not negligible and the existence of the porous layer has caused a positive impact on the heat loss reduction by decreasing the circulation speed.Also,by using the optimum location and thickness for the insulation layer,it is showed that each side of the building has different rates of energy loss during a day,and for the appropriate insulation,they need to be evaluated separately.
文摘Rolling Thin Film Oven Test （RTFOT） is the AASHTO T240 standard method to simulate asphalt plant mix aging. But it has proven inadequate in aging polymer-modified asphalts （PMA）. NCHRP 9-10 offered a modified RTFOT （MRTFOT） by adding a steel rod in each bottle. Since construction temperature of PMA mixture is 10 ℃ -20 ℃ higher than that of conventional asphalt mixtures in the field, elevating RTFOT temperature for PMA is necessary for adequate aging and proper simulation. Six PMAs with various PG grades and sources were aged with RTFO at elevated temperatures. Some were also treated with MRTFOT for comparison. SHRP performance grade and phase angle were used as indicators to analyze the effects of RTFOT under different conditions. The results show that elevating the temperature is more effective than using rods. And PMA RTFOT temperature could be determined by equiviscous principle. From limited data, O. 25 Pa ~ s is tentatively proposed as critical viscosity for PMA, but still more work is necessary to validate this. Given the fact that equiviscous principle is seldom used in field practice, a simple approach was proposed： 173 ℃ is used for RTFOT of PG70 PMAs （grading herein from un-aged asphalts） , while 178 ℃ is for PMAs of PG76 or PG82 and 20 ℃ higher than standard 163 ℃ is necessary for PG 88 or stiffer PMAs.
文摘According to the drainage problems emerging from the several torrential rainstorm in domestic coastal cities in the last two years, especially the issues that the drainage and waterlogging prevention of coastal cities are susceptible to the tide level of open seas, this paper took the reconstruction of Yingping District in Xiamen, a typical coastal area, as a case study, analyzed the main waterlogging causes of the district under the influences of the average annual tide level and storm tide caused by typhoon with the application of drainage model, and came up with reasonable implementation strategies for reconstruction;besides, this paper also assessed and divided the waterlogging risks of the district under the influences of storm tide and applied engineering measures as well as non-engineering measures to prevent the urban cities from water-logging hazards. It is expected that the study would provide reference for the reconstruction of coastal cities in drainage and water-logging prevention.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Scientific Research of Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China(201411014-4)
文摘Using comparative analysis and documentation method,this paper reveals infeasibility of establishing land development rights in China based on the path of real rights,in the hope of providing recommendations for improving the research route on localization of land development rights. Results indicate that at the level of legislative techniques,the land development rights rooted from property right paradigm do not contain possess the elements of object of real rights and conflict with the principle of statutory real rights and single ownership. At the level of legal logic,individual case of TDR conflicts with real right in rem. In conclusion,it is infeasible to introduce land development rights based on the path of real rights. In future,it is required to discard the concept of mechanical transplantation and explore feasible path and seek feasible way for establishing land development rights along with the direction of quasi-property and improving regulation efficiency.
文摘Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitrogen removal effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen removal. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research examined the ability of SND to meet state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-month sampling period was 52.8%, paralleling results from similar SBR municipal wastewater systems. The observed SBR system had removal efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub>-N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under comparable circumstances. Overall, nitrogen removal for this SBR system was >99% which typified results in other SND systems, but at a higher Total Nitrogen removal rate.
文摘In modern residential engineering, most of the building wall adopts the brick structure, but because the building wall cracks in the process of long-term use, so wall cracks vary, crack length and width beyond the prescribed degree can not spread, which leads to the corresponding damage, which will also reduce the seismic performance of residential buildings, to the life safety of residents. This article analyzes the types and causes of cracks in the building wall, and gives reasonable opinions on the countermeasures of crack prevention in the construction of concrete brick wall building.
文摘The cracks in the building concrete structure are very extensive. Although unstructured cracks will not affect the structural strength and structural stability, they will also affect the durability and integrity of building components. Cracks have become a key problem affecting the quality of construction engineering. According to the actual situation, the reinforced concrete basement and external concrete wall in the project, the temperature shrinkage and the internal temperature of "box" structure in the final condensation to three weeks of age.
文摘At the present stage, the world's energy sources are gradually drying up, and the air, sea, soil and other environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Energy conservation and environmental protection have become a hot topic of concern, especially because of the huge internal energy consumption of some buildings, which is easy to cause surrounding pollution. Therefore, in the process of building construction management, people need to research and develop more new equipment, new technologies and new processes as much as possible to promote the application of green management model and reduce the energy consumption of buildings. This paper focuses on the analysis of the main advantages of green engineering construction management, expounds the significance of the gradual transformation of current construction management into a green development model, and puts forward some suggestions, hoping to promote the transformation of construction management.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 41301439], the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing [grant number 11I01], [grant number 15I03], and the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project (grant number 2015A010103010)
文摘With the rapid development of 3D Digital City, the focus of research has shifted from 3D city modeling and geo-database construction to 3D geo-database service and maintenance. The frequent modifications on geometry, texture, attribute, and topology present a great challenge to the 3D geo-database updating.This article proposes an event-driven spatiotemporal database model (ESDM) that combines the historical and present 3D city models with the semantic classification and state expression, triggered by changing events predefined. In addition, a corresponding dynamic updating method based on adaptive matching algorithm is presented to perform the dynamic updating operation for the complex 3D city models automatically, according to the compound matching of semantics, attributes, and spatial locations. finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed ESDM and its updating method are demonstrated through a 3D geo-database with more than 1.5 million 3D city models.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304303)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103196)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370017)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2021-I2M-1-048)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)is a major global health concern,with limited understanding of longitudinal changes in host gene expression and respiratory microbiome throughout disease progression and recovery.To address this gap,we longitudinally collected CAP patients’peripheral blood for transcriptome and oropharyngeal swabs for microbiome analysis from admission to 4 months post infection.Age-and sex-matched volunteers were recruited as controls.We observed CAP patients mounted rapid,effective,and moderate immune responses against infection.Coagulation activation and mitochondrial dysfunction were the striking pathways showing distinct difference in CAP patients compared to controls,and the latter was validated by lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of CAP patients.Although transcriptional perturbations gradually decreased,they did not fully recover during the follow-up period.Similarly,persisting oropharyngeal microbiome dysbiosis was observed,characterized by significantly lower alpha diversity and altered taxonomy distribution(P<0.05).CAP increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus,Veillonella,and Peptostreptococcus,while decreasing that of Haemophilus,Neisseria,and Porphyromonas.Integrated analysis of host response and oropharyngeal microbiome revealed that the relative abundance of Haemophilus,Neisseria,Porphyromonas,and Stomatobaculum were positively related to mitochondrial structure and function pathways,whereas the relative abundance of Prevotella declined over time in patients and positively correlated with anti-pathogen and interferon signaling pathways.These results underscore the persistent impact of CAP on both host immunity and oropharyngeal microbiome,even months after infection,emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up and targeted strategies to facilitate full recovery and restore homeostasis.
基金supported by the Dong-A University of the Republic of Korea research fund。
文摘With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103196)Shandong Medical and Health Technology Development Project(2018WS006)the Key Research and Development Project ZiBo City(2018kj060040,2016kj060025).
文摘Severe pneumonia in patients infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1(pH1N1)virus was partially attributed to excessive immune response.Anti-virus treatment for these patients was insufficient.Here we reported the therapy effect of sirolimus,an immunosuppressor,combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid for a puerpera with severe pneumonia caused by pH1N1 virus.This patient has infected with the pH1N1 virus in late pregnancy,and antiviral therapy was not implemented timely.She developed severe pneumonia and ARDS rapidly and need receive a cesarean section on the 39th week after pregnancy.After giving birth to a healthy baby,she received a combination of oseltamivir,sirolimus and corticosteroid,and improved in the following days.Moreover,the cytokines in serum and viral loads in BALF decreased significantly.She recovered without infectious symptoms and was discharged.Sirolimus combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid is likely responsible for lowering the viral loads,reducing the patient's cytokine level,and further improving her clinical outcomes.It provides evidence that adjuvant treatment was beneficial to patients with severe pneumonia induced by the pH1N1 virus.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Land and Resources(No.KF-2015-01-004)
文摘This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies of logical analysis and case study.The results indicate that the holdout problem is almost an inevitable result of market-oriented urban renewal, and its proliferation not only goes against social morality and the principle of justice, but also harms social public interests, and even causes market failure.The paper proposes two approaches to dealing with holdout problem: first, to introduce the contracting commitment to restrict the owners’ freedom of contract, and to guarantee the public benefit of all owners;second, to introduce land expropriation right to regulate holdout behavior via authority of state.
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600104)supported by donations made by Delos Living LLC,and the Cyrus Tang Foundation+2 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471419)Beijing Institute of Urban Planningsupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU19TD002).
文摘Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1093424).
文摘In traffic safety management,identifying high-risk areas prone to traffic crashes is crucial.Road authorities focus on these high-risk segments to implement strategies that mitigate the impact of recurring crashes.However,errors in identifying these hotspots can lead to inefficient resource allocation for safety improvements.These errors often stem from the reliance on aggregated traffic data for predicting crash frequency(CF).The road traffic system is characterized by the interaction of human,vehicle,and road factors,and is inherently complex.While many researchers have used components of the road traffic systems in safety evaluation studies,the use of recurrent traffic patterns remains underexplored.To address this issue,this study proposes a method for hotspot identification that utilizes safety performance analysis derived from real-time traffic data and a model with various crash factors.This paper proposes a hotspot identification approach using a real-time crash prediction model for high-risk traffic patterns.Specifically,a real-time crash prediction model is developed using logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of crashes under high-risk traffic patterns.The model integrates real-time data on traffic,weather,and road geometry to estimate these probabilities.Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to validate the proposed method.This study reveals a strong correlation between the target frequency—a measure combining crashes and hard braking events—and the number of hazardous traffic patterns identified by the real-time crash prediction model.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304303)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-048)+3 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation,the Natural Science Foundation of China(82470007,82030009,82370017)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103196)the China-Japan Friendship Hospital elite program(to X.H.Z.)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-NHLHCRF-LX-02-03,2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-ZRZD-06,2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-TJMS-06,2022-NHLHCRF-LX-03-05).
文摘Respiratory microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).However,the dynamic variation in the respiratory microbiota and its interaction with the host response remain poorly understood.Here,we performed metagenomic analysis of respiratory and gut microbiota,along with blood transcriptomics,using longitudinally collected samples from 38 CAP patients.CAP patients presented disrupted sputum microbiota at the early,middle,and late stages of hospitalization.Microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and immune evasion,particularly contributed by the Streptococcus genus,were enriched in CAP patients.Additionally,several Streptococcus strains demonstrated correlation between respiratory and gut microbiota in CAP patients.By incorporating host response data,we revealed that Streptococcus oralis(SOR)was associated with host pathways involved in the innate immune response to infection,and this microbe‒host interaction was reproduced in a newly enrolled CAP cohort consisting of 22 patients with influenza infection.The host-SOR interaction was validated in a mouse model,where SOR demonstrated protective efficacy against influenza virus infection comparable to that of the well-established respiratory probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.Preaspiration of SOR in mice significantly mitigated body weight loss,reduced lung inflammation,and lowered viral loads following influenza virus challenge.Host response profiling indicated that SOR priming activated a greater innate immune response at the early stage of infection and that this response resolved timely as the host began to recover.These findings suggest that respiratory commensals play an immune-protective role by inducing a timely innate immune response to prevent CAP progression.
