Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely orien...Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.展开更多
Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,...Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,including infrastructure,traction power supply,operational planning,and overall railway safety.This article focuses on evaluating the capacity of the line based on the types of signals suitable for high-speed railways that have been effectively implemented in several European countries and successfully adapted in China.The research and simulation are conducted using MATLAB software,a reliable and widely adopted tool in the scientific community.The findings demonstrate that under normal conditions,the European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System(ERTMS/ETCS)Level 2 signaling can support up to 23.7485 trains/hour/direction.Meanwhile,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block can accommodate up to 30.8735 trains/hour/direction,and ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks up to 29.4694 trains/hour/direction.In emergency scenarios,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block reduces headway by 33.27%compared to CTCS Level 3,while ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks achieves a 28.78%reduction.Overall,the ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 emerges as a state-of-the-art signaling technology offering high capacity and operational efficiency,and is recommended as a forward-looking solution for future implementation in Vietnam.展开更多
Background:Intrinsic capacity reflects the overall health status of older adults and decline in intrinsic abilities can lead to adverse health outcomes.However,empirical studies examining the association between digit...Background:Intrinsic capacity reflects the overall health status of older adults and decline in intrinsic abilities can lead to adverse health outcomes.However,empirical studies examining the association between digital health literacy,health-promoting lifestyles and intrinsic capacity are scarce.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Using convenience sampling method,371 older adults were recruited from communities.Multidimensional intrinsic capacity,digital health literacy,health promoting lifestyle and sociodemographic information were measured.Results:The intrinsic capacity of older adults scored 3.75±1.10.The prevalences of declined cognitive capacity,psychological capacity,sensory capacity,vitality,and locomotor capacity were 13.7%,24.3%,19.1%,14.8%,53.1%,respectively.The multiple regression analysis revealed that age(β=−0.253),only living with children and/or grandchildren(β=0.249),current working status(β=−0.132),number of chronic diseases(β=−0.149),frequency of Internet usage(β=0.193),the domain of ability to acquire and evaluate digital health information(β=0.197)in digital health literacy,and the domain of nutrition(β=0.171)in health-promoting lifestyle were the significant factors influencing intrinsic capacity,explaining 27.1%of the variance.Conclusion:Digital health literacy and health-promoting lifestyle have a significant impact on intrinsic capacity.Enhancing digital health literacy and advocating a health-promoting lifestyle are critical to promoting intrinsic capacity for community-dwelling older adults.展开更多
Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as s...Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as single embryo and easy rooting.However,Citron C-05 was found to be highly susceptible to root rot during cultivation,with the specific pathogens previously unknown.In this study,four candidate fungal species were isolated from Citron C-05 roots.Sequence analysis of ITS,EF-1a,RPB1,and RPB2 identified two Fusarium solani strains,Rr-2 and Rr-4,as the candidates causing root rot in Citron C-05.Resistance tests showed these two pathogens increased root damage rate from 10.30%to 35.69%in Citron C-05,sour orange(Citrus aurantium),sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)and pummelo(Citrus grandis).F.solani exhibited the weak pathogenicity towards trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata).DAB staining revealed none of reddish-brown precipitation in the four susceptible citrus germplasm after infection with F.solani,while trifoliate orange exhibited significant H2O2 accumulation.Trypan blue staining indicated increased cell death in the four susceptible citrus germplasm following infection with these two pathogens but not in trifoliate orange.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of citrus root rot and support future research on the mechanisms of root rot resistance in citrus.展开更多
Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from...Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.展开更多
This study focuses on the preparation,and optimization of the nanoemulsions coorporating with pumpkin seed oil,grape seed oil,and grapefruit essential oil using the phase inversion temperature(PIT)technique.The resear...This study focuses on the preparation,and optimization of the nanoemulsions coorporating with pumpkin seed oil,grape seed oil,and grapefruit essential oil using the phase inversion temperature(PIT)technique.The research investigated the impact of surfactant types and concentrations on critical nanoemulsion properties,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),and zeta potential.Using a Box-Behnken Design(BBD)model,the formulation was optimized containing 6.0%plant oils,10.0%Tween 80,2.0%Span 80,and 1.0%lecithin to achieve nano-sized droplets(33.52 nm),with a low PDI(0.205),and a stable zeta potential(15.49 mV).The antioxidant activity,was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assays,demonstrating its outstanding efficacy.And the optimized nanoemulsion showed a radical-scavenging capacity exceeding 2250μg ascorbic acid equivalents/g,significantly outperforming non-nanoemulsified oils.Stability testing under various environmental conditions highlighted exceptional robustness,with refrigerated samples maintaining structural integrity,minimal particle size growth,and consistent physicochemical properties over a 30-day storage period.The results suggest that the plant oil-based nanoemulsions exhibit strong antioxidant potential,offering a promising natural treatment for their application in cosmeceutical and therapeutic formulations.展开更多
This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system fo...This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system for building facades, and spatial transformation strategies for the continuity of residential functions. Through the integration of traditional construction techniques with modern technologies, such as dynamic monitoring, evaluative tools, and digital management systems, this approach seeks to sustain the landscape memory and preserve the historical and cultural continuum of ancient cities, while simultaneously balancing the conservation of heritage architecture with the functional demands of contemporary urban life.展开更多
Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations b...Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.展开更多
Driven by the wave of informatization and intelligence,the smart city has become a new trend of global urban development.The intelligent transformation of energy systems is of great importance to a smart city.The Inte...Driven by the wave of informatization and intelligence,the smart city has become a new trend of global urban development.The intelligent transformation of energy systems is of great importance to a smart city.The Internet helps the sustainable development of smart cities by optimizing resource allocation,improving utilization efficiency,and promoting market competition.This study analyzes the current situation and problems of energy Internet supporting smart cities and finds that policy environment,technology maturity,market demand,and industrial chain integration have a significant positive impact on its development.Based on this,relevant strategies are proposed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the integrated development of smart cities and the energy Internet.展开更多
In this paper,the isogeometric analysis(IGA)method is employed to analyze the oscillation characteristics of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface(FG-TPMS)curved-doubly shells integrated with magneto-ele...In this paper,the isogeometric analysis(IGA)method is employed to analyze the oscillation characteristics of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface(FG-TPMS)curved-doubly shells integrated with magneto-electric surface layers(referred to as"FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells")subjected to low-velocity impact loads.This study presents low-velocity impact load model based on a single springmass(S-M)approach.The FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells are covered with two magneto-electric surface layers,while the core layer consists of three types:I-graph and Wrapped Package-graph(IWP),Gyroid(G),and Primitive(P),with various graded functions.These types are notable for their exceptional stiffness-to-weight ratios,enabling a wide range of potential applications.The Maxwell equations and electromagnetic boundary conditions are applied to compute the change in electric potentials and magnetic potentials.The equilibrium equations of the shell are derived from a refined higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),and the transient responses of the FG-TPMS-MEE curveddoubly shells are subsequently determined using Newmark's direct integration method.These results have applications in structural vibration control and the analysis of structures subjected to impact or explosive loads.Furthermore,this study provides a theoretical prediction of the low-velocity impact load and magneto-electric-elastic effects on the free vibration and transient response of FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells.展开更多
Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the unde...Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the underwater stratification of laser photons,then integrating all valid elevation tracks within the water body to interpolate the bathymetry.On this basis,we calculated the capacity and its time series directly,with the aid of lake boundaries and water levels obtained from optical imagery and CryoSat-2 data.Next,we also applied an empirical formula to estimate the water volume changes of Bangdag Co by combining the area and water levels from 2010 to 2023.Finally,we compared the results of Bangdag Co's water volume changes obtained from the two different methods and conducted a detailed analysis of their performance and regional applicability.The bathymetric map of Bangdag Co reveals a distinct spatial pattern,with the northeastern part significantly deeper(with a maximum depth of 35.27 m)and the southwestern part shallower.The average depth of the lake is 13.99 m.We further estimated that the lake storage capacity in November 2023 was 2.95 km^(3).Water volume changes estimated using the empirical formula were highly consistent with those derived from the lake storage capacity time series(from 2010 to 2023,the lake storage capacity increased by 1.04 km^(3)).Our comparison revealed that the empirical formula method reflects only changes in water volume.In contrast,while our method can accurately estimate lake storage capacity,it is constrained to shallow,clear,and elongated east-west lakes(e.g.,Ayakkum Lake).In summary,the ICESat-2 laser altimetry data,which do not rely on measured water depths,offer an essential complement to underwater topography detection and provide a novel perspective on lake volume estimation research.展开更多
This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Na...This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Nanchang in 2018,a spatial network of patient-to-hospital trip flows is constructed.A Geographic Information Systems(GIS)automated network community detec-tion method,termed‘ScLeiden’,is utilized to delineate the study area into six hospital service areas(HSAs)to represent distinctive health care markets.Patients’travel patterns across these HSAs are compared to highlight the geographic disparity.In two HSAs anchored by major hospitals in the regions,the volume of patients increased up to a travel range and then declined,and thus formed a single peak in the trip volume distribution curve across travel time.Each of the remaining four HSAs exhibited two or more peaks in their trip volume distribution curves.The patterns reflected the split choices of patients for the largest Children Hospital in the region,the second-tier county hospital,or others,which were likely to be stratified by their economic affordability,transportation means,and possible health literacy.The study provides valuable insights into the delineation of HSAs and the unique patients’travel behaviors in China.展开更多
On February 6,2023,the Türkiye Earthquake Doublet,consisting of two major earthquakes with magnitudes of M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5,respectively,occurred within 9 h and devastated the Kahramanmaraşprovince in southwes...On February 6,2023,the Türkiye Earthquake Doublet,consisting of two major earthquakes with magnitudes of M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5,respectively,occurred within 9 h and devastated the Kahramanmaraşprovince in southwest Turkey.The geodynamic background of this area is exceedingly complicated owing to the combined action of the Anatolian Plate and the neighboring Eurasian,African,and Arabian plates,which contain many faults,the most prominent of which is the East Anatolian Fault Zone(EAFZ).These two earthquakes occurred on the Pazarcık Segment(PAZ.S)of the EAFZ and theÇardak Fault(CAR.F).The investigation of co-seismic changes in the velocity structure of the subterranean medium inside the focus area is critical for our understanding of earthquake ruptures.We chose 51572 travel times before the earthquake doublet from January 1,2014,to February 5,2023,and 88371 travel times after the earthquakes from February 6 to March 5,2023,and utilized time-lapse tomography to derive the co-seismic changes in P-wave velocity.The results demonstrated that the P-wave velocity decreased around the center zone,with considerable surface displacement from the two earthquakes caused by rock breakup and stress release.The P-wave velocity increased in two areas:east of the Pazarcik Earthquake,where the Bozova Fault is located,and west of the Elbistan Earthquake.We believe that these two locations are compression zones generated by the strike-slip surface displacement.Similarly,the decrease in velocity in the areas adjacent to the Malatya Fault(MAL.F)and between the Amanos Segment(AM.S)of the EAFZ and the Savur Fault(SA.F)shows that these two locations were exposed to tension as a result of the co-seismic horizontal displacement on the surface.This study showed that in addition to the area close to the epicenter,the large earthquake can affect the velocity structure of faults far away from the main shock.展开更多
With the development of urban infrastructure,it is inevitable that shield tunnels will undercross intercity railways.However,the safe operation of intercity railways requires strict subgrade deformation.On the basis o...With the development of urban infrastructure,it is inevitable that shield tunnels will undercross intercity railways.However,the safe operation of intercity railways requires strict subgrade deformation.On the basis of the engineering background of the Lianghu Tunnel in Wuhan,the three-dimensional centrifuge test and numerical back analysis were used to study the development of subgrade surface settlement during shield tunneling.A three-dimensional numerical model with the same size as the prototype was subsequently established to further study the settlement development and torsion behavior of the subgrade during tunnel excavation.The results show that the maximum settlement point of the transverse settlement trough gradually moves to the tunnel axis during tunnel excavation and that the entire subgrade experiences torsional deformation.Moreover,the effect of the intersection angle between the axes of the tunnel and the subgrade on the surface settlement of the subgrade was further studied.The results show that the intersection angle has no effect on the maximum settlement,but the width of the settlement trough increases gradually with increasing angle.Finally,on the basis of the soil arching effect caused by tunnel excavation,the subgrade settlement during tunnel excavation is reduced by reinforcing the soil in different zones of soil arching.The results show that the settlement of the subgrade caused by the shield tunnel can be effectively controlled by adding reinforcement directly to the top of the tunnel,and the maximum settlement of the subgrade surface is reduced from 24.41 mm to 9.47 mm,a reduction of approximately 61.2%.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonace...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonaceous chem-icals and reduce the CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion.Among metal-CO_(2)batteries,aqueous Zn–CO_(2)batteries,especially rechargeable systems,exhibit flexible CO_(2)electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals,which are gaseous or water-soluble,in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems.Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the past three years,this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO_(2)fixation and battery performance.Herein,we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO_(2)batteries,including fundamental mechanisms,affecting factors on electrochemical performance,catalyst cathodes,and electrolytes(catholytes and anolytes).Besides,we assess the application potential of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO_(2)batteries based on CO_(2)fixation and battery perfor-mance.Finally,we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the future.展开更多
Teaching is oriented towards the development of learners’capacity,in which the development of creative capacity is identified as an important goal in Vietnam’s education and training development strategy.To meet thi...Teaching is oriented towards the development of learners’capacity,in which the development of creative capacity is identified as an important goal in Vietnam’s education and training development strategy.To meet this requirement,in the process of organizing teaching,it is necessary to form for students the ability to think creatively and independently when solving learning tasks or problems arising in learning.The article focuses on analyzing concepts,manifestations,influencing factors,and proposes some measures to develop creative capacity for students.The theory has been built with experiments at high schools,using case study methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation.展开更多
Urban flooding in low-lying coastal regions(LCRs)is intensifying due to climate change and sea-level rise;however,the complex interplay of hydrological,climatic,and anthropogenic drivers remains poorly understood.This...Urban flooding in low-lying coastal regions(LCRs)is intensifying due to climate change and sea-level rise;however,the complex interplay of hydrological,climatic,and anthropogenic drivers remains poorly understood.This study investigates the specific meteo-hydrological factors linking climate-induced changes and human activities to the urban flooding event in My Tho City,a vulnerable coastal city in Vietnam's Tien Giang Province,from February 9 to 12,2024.Analyzing historical meteo-hydrological data(rainfall,monsoon winds,river discharge,and water levels),we examined the contributing factors.Our findings reveal that the flooding was predominantly driven by the combination of high astronomical tidal levels and significant water surges.These surges were amplified by northeast monsoon circulation.This situation was compounded by critically low Mekong River discharge during the dry season,which enhanced the inland penetration of tidal effects.Rainfall during the period was minimal and did not contribute significantly.We utilized a filtering technique to differentiate between astronomical tides and non-tidal surges in the water level data.These results provide empirical evidence demonstrating that climate-driven sea-level influences(manifesting as high tides and surges)and anthropogenic alterations to river flow governed the urban flooding dynamics.The study underscores the urgent need for integrated adaptation solutions addressing the complex land-ocean interactions, particularly in the context ofclimate change and relative sea-level rise.展开更多
There are at least two valid approaches to the thermodynamics of electrons in metals. One takes a microscopic view, based on models of electrons in metals and superconductor and uses statistical mechanics to calculate...There are at least two valid approaches to the thermodynamics of electrons in metals. One takes a microscopic view, based on models of electrons in metals and superconductor and uses statistical mechanics to calculate the total thermodynamic functions for the model-based system. Another uses partial molar quantities, which is a rigorous thermodynamic method to analyze systems with components that can cross phase boundaries and is particularly useful when applied to a system composed of interacting components. Partial molar quantities have not been widely used in the field of solid state physics. The present paper will explore the application of partial molar electronic entropy and partial molar electronic heat capacity to electrons in metals and superconductors. This provides information that is complementary information from other approaches to the thermodynamics of electrons in metals and superconductors and can provide additional insight into the properties of those materials. Furthermore, the application of partial molar quantities to electrons in metals and superconductors has direct relevance to long-standing problems in other fields, such as the thermodynamics of ions in solution and the thermodynamics of biological energy transformations. A unifying principle between reversible and irreversible thermodynamics is also discussed, including how this relates to the completeness of thermodynamic theory.展开更多
Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a...Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a case study.We employed a comprehensive approach,combining Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curve analysis with hydrodynamic modeling,to assess drainage performance under current and projected rainfall intensities.A significant rainfall event on June 19,2020(54.4 mm in 3 h,peaking at 42 mm/h),which exceeded the 5-year return period design(TCVN 7957:2008),caused widespread flooding(25-50 cm depths).Design rainfall hyetographs for 2,5,and 10-year return periods(TCVN 7957:2008)were developed.Results show that under more extreme scenarios,flooded areas increase significantly,with depths up to 1.05 m in the 10-year scenario and prolonged durations due to stormwater routing through regulatory lakes.The analysis reveals the current infrastructure meets only 64%of the 5-year return period demands and merely 41% for a 10-year period.This research highlights the urgent need for enhanced flood management in Vung Tau and similar coastal cities,suggesting upgrades to drainage capacity,implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems,and improved early warning.These insights are valuable for developing climate-resilient infrastructure.展开更多
During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among t...During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector.At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake,more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated.Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged,where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed.Then,the recovery of the housing sector,which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city,have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City.In this paper,the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake,based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources.It can be concluded that after 7+years,the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success,as close to 100%of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged.However,the recovery process of apartment buildings,although important,still has a long way to go.As of May 2025,only 59.6%of the affected buildings have been fully recovered(31.3%using public funds),other 11.3%are under construction or rehabilitation process and,in 29.1%of the affected buildings,no action has been taken to speed their recovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11574244 for G.Y.G.)the XJTU Research Fund for AI Science (Grant No.2025YXYC011 for G.Y.G.)the Hong Kong Global STEM Professorship Scheme (for X.C.Z.)。
文摘Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.
文摘Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,including infrastructure,traction power supply,operational planning,and overall railway safety.This article focuses on evaluating the capacity of the line based on the types of signals suitable for high-speed railways that have been effectively implemented in several European countries and successfully adapted in China.The research and simulation are conducted using MATLAB software,a reliable and widely adopted tool in the scientific community.The findings demonstrate that under normal conditions,the European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System(ERTMS/ETCS)Level 2 signaling can support up to 23.7485 trains/hour/direction.Meanwhile,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block can accommodate up to 30.8735 trains/hour/direction,and ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks up to 29.4694 trains/hour/direction.In emergency scenarios,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block reduces headway by 33.27%compared to CTCS Level 3,while ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks achieves a 28.78%reduction.Overall,the ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 emerges as a state-of-the-art signaling technology offering high capacity and operational efficiency,and is recommended as a forward-looking solution for future implementation in Vietnam.
基金funded by the College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(X2024110650385).
文摘Background:Intrinsic capacity reflects the overall health status of older adults and decline in intrinsic abilities can lead to adverse health outcomes.However,empirical studies examining the association between digital health literacy,health-promoting lifestyles and intrinsic capacity are scarce.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Using convenience sampling method,371 older adults were recruited from communities.Multidimensional intrinsic capacity,digital health literacy,health promoting lifestyle and sociodemographic information were measured.Results:The intrinsic capacity of older adults scored 3.75±1.10.The prevalences of declined cognitive capacity,psychological capacity,sensory capacity,vitality,and locomotor capacity were 13.7%,24.3%,19.1%,14.8%,53.1%,respectively.The multiple regression analysis revealed that age(β=−0.253),only living with children and/or grandchildren(β=0.249),current working status(β=−0.132),number of chronic diseases(β=−0.149),frequency of Internet usage(β=0.193),the domain of ability to acquire and evaluate digital health information(β=0.197)in digital health literacy,and the domain of nutrition(β=0.171)in health-promoting lifestyle were the significant factors influencing intrinsic capacity,explaining 27.1%of the variance.Conclusion:Digital health literacy and health-promoting lifestyle have a significant impact on intrinsic capacity.Enhancing digital health literacy and advocating a health-promoting lifestyle are critical to promoting intrinsic capacity for community-dwelling older adults.
基金supported by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20228).
文摘Root rot is a prevalent soil-borne fungal disease in citrus.Citron C-05(Citrus medica)stands out as a germplasm within Citrus spp.due to its complete resistance to citrus canker and favorable characteristics such as single embryo and easy rooting.However,Citron C-05 was found to be highly susceptible to root rot during cultivation,with the specific pathogens previously unknown.In this study,four candidate fungal species were isolated from Citron C-05 roots.Sequence analysis of ITS,EF-1a,RPB1,and RPB2 identified two Fusarium solani strains,Rr-2 and Rr-4,as the candidates causing root rot in Citron C-05.Resistance tests showed these two pathogens increased root damage rate from 10.30%to 35.69%in Citron C-05,sour orange(Citrus aurantium),sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)and pummelo(Citrus grandis).F.solani exhibited the weak pathogenicity towards trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata).DAB staining revealed none of reddish-brown precipitation in the four susceptible citrus germplasm after infection with F.solani,while trifoliate orange exhibited significant H2O2 accumulation.Trypan blue staining indicated increased cell death in the four susceptible citrus germplasm following infection with these two pathogens but not in trifoliate orange.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of citrus root rot and support future research on the mechanisms of root rot resistance in citrus.
文摘Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.
基金Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HCMUT),VNU-HCM,for supporting this study.
文摘This study focuses on the preparation,and optimization of the nanoemulsions coorporating with pumpkin seed oil,grape seed oil,and grapefruit essential oil using the phase inversion temperature(PIT)technique.The research investigated the impact of surfactant types and concentrations on critical nanoemulsion properties,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),and zeta potential.Using a Box-Behnken Design(BBD)model,the formulation was optimized containing 6.0%plant oils,10.0%Tween 80,2.0%Span 80,and 1.0%lecithin to achieve nano-sized droplets(33.52 nm),with a low PDI(0.205),and a stable zeta potential(15.49 mV).The antioxidant activity,was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assays,demonstrating its outstanding efficacy.And the optimized nanoemulsion showed a radical-scavenging capacity exceeding 2250μg ascorbic acid equivalents/g,significantly outperforming non-nanoemulsified oils.Stability testing under various environmental conditions highlighted exceptional robustness,with refrigerated samples maintaining structural integrity,minimal particle size growth,and consistent physicochemical properties over a 30-day storage period.The results suggest that the plant oil-based nanoemulsions exhibit strong antioxidant potential,offering a promising natural treatment for their application in cosmeceutical and therapeutic formulations.
文摘This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system for building facades, and spatial transformation strategies for the continuity of residential functions. Through the integration of traditional construction techniques with modern technologies, such as dynamic monitoring, evaluative tools, and digital management systems, this approach seeks to sustain the landscape memory and preserve the historical and cultural continuum of ancient cities, while simultaneously balancing the conservation of heritage architecture with the functional demands of contemporary urban life.
基金Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HCMUT),VNU-HCM for supporting this study.
文摘Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.
基金Research and Innovation Team Building Project of Qingdao City University(QCU23TDKJO1)。
文摘Driven by the wave of informatization and intelligence,the smart city has become a new trend of global urban development.The intelligent transformation of energy systems is of great importance to a smart city.The Internet helps the sustainable development of smart cities by optimizing resource allocation,improving utilization efficiency,and promoting market competition.This study analyzes the current situation and problems of energy Internet supporting smart cities and finds that policy environment,technology maturity,market demand,and industrial chain integration have a significant positive impact on its development.Based on this,relevant strategies are proposed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the integrated development of smart cities and the energy Internet.
文摘In this paper,the isogeometric analysis(IGA)method is employed to analyze the oscillation characteristics of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface(FG-TPMS)curved-doubly shells integrated with magneto-electric surface layers(referred to as"FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells")subjected to low-velocity impact loads.This study presents low-velocity impact load model based on a single springmass(S-M)approach.The FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells are covered with two magneto-electric surface layers,while the core layer consists of three types:I-graph and Wrapped Package-graph(IWP),Gyroid(G),and Primitive(P),with various graded functions.These types are notable for their exceptional stiffness-to-weight ratios,enabling a wide range of potential applications.The Maxwell equations and electromagnetic boundary conditions are applied to compute the change in electric potentials and magnetic potentials.The equilibrium equations of the shell are derived from a refined higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),and the transient responses of the FG-TPMS-MEE curveddoubly shells are subsequently determined using Newmark's direct integration method.These results have applications in structural vibration control and the analysis of structures subjected to impact or explosive loads.Furthermore,this study provides a theoretical prediction of the low-velocity impact load and magneto-electric-elastic effects on the free vibration and transient response of FG-TPMS-MEE curved-doubly shells.
基金supported financially by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41901129)the University Natural Sciences Research Project of Anhui Educational committee(2024AH050270)the support from the Joint China–Sweden Mobility Grant funded by NSFC and STINT(CH2019-8250)。
文摘Compared to lake area and water level,lake storage capacity more intuitively reflects regional climate changes.In this study,we first derived lakebed elevation profiles for individual ICESat-2 tracks based on the underwater stratification of laser photons,then integrating all valid elevation tracks within the water body to interpolate the bathymetry.On this basis,we calculated the capacity and its time series directly,with the aid of lake boundaries and water levels obtained from optical imagery and CryoSat-2 data.Next,we also applied an empirical formula to estimate the water volume changes of Bangdag Co by combining the area and water levels from 2010 to 2023.Finally,we compared the results of Bangdag Co's water volume changes obtained from the two different methods and conducted a detailed analysis of their performance and regional applicability.The bathymetric map of Bangdag Co reveals a distinct spatial pattern,with the northeastern part significantly deeper(with a maximum depth of 35.27 m)and the southwestern part shallower.The average depth of the lake is 13.99 m.We further estimated that the lake storage capacity in November 2023 was 2.95 km^(3).Water volume changes estimated using the empirical formula were highly consistent with those derived from the lake storage capacity time series(from 2010 to 2023,the lake storage capacity increased by 1.04 km^(3)).Our comparison revealed that the empirical formula method reflects only changes in water volume.In contrast,while our method can accurately estimate lake storage capacity,it is constrained to shallow,clear,and elongated east-west lakes(e.g.,Ayakkum Lake).In summary,the ICESat-2 laser altimetry data,which do not rely on measured water depths,offer an essential complement to underwater topography detection and provide a novel perspective on lake volume estimation research.
文摘This paper examines the travel behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)patients in Nanchang City in central China.Based on the HFMD patients’hospital visitation data from the Center of Disease Control(CDC)of Nanchang in 2018,a spatial network of patient-to-hospital trip flows is constructed.A Geographic Information Systems(GIS)automated network community detec-tion method,termed‘ScLeiden’,is utilized to delineate the study area into six hospital service areas(HSAs)to represent distinctive health care markets.Patients’travel patterns across these HSAs are compared to highlight the geographic disparity.In two HSAs anchored by major hospitals in the regions,the volume of patients increased up to a travel range and then declined,and thus formed a single peak in the trip volume distribution curve across travel time.Each of the remaining four HSAs exhibited two or more peaks in their trip volume distribution curves.The patterns reflected the split choices of patients for the largest Children Hospital in the region,the second-tier county hospital,or others,which were likely to be stratified by their economic affordability,transportation means,and possible health literacy.The study provides valuable insights into the delineation of HSAs and the unique patients’travel behaviors in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2039203 and 42130306).
文摘On February 6,2023,the Türkiye Earthquake Doublet,consisting of two major earthquakes with magnitudes of M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.5,respectively,occurred within 9 h and devastated the Kahramanmaraşprovince in southwest Turkey.The geodynamic background of this area is exceedingly complicated owing to the combined action of the Anatolian Plate and the neighboring Eurasian,African,and Arabian plates,which contain many faults,the most prominent of which is the East Anatolian Fault Zone(EAFZ).These two earthquakes occurred on the Pazarcık Segment(PAZ.S)of the EAFZ and theÇardak Fault(CAR.F).The investigation of co-seismic changes in the velocity structure of the subterranean medium inside the focus area is critical for our understanding of earthquake ruptures.We chose 51572 travel times before the earthquake doublet from January 1,2014,to February 5,2023,and 88371 travel times after the earthquakes from February 6 to March 5,2023,and utilized time-lapse tomography to derive the co-seismic changes in P-wave velocity.The results demonstrated that the P-wave velocity decreased around the center zone,with considerable surface displacement from the two earthquakes caused by rock breakup and stress release.The P-wave velocity increased in two areas:east of the Pazarcik Earthquake,where the Bozova Fault is located,and west of the Elbistan Earthquake.We believe that these two locations are compression zones generated by the strike-slip surface displacement.Similarly,the decrease in velocity in the areas adjacent to the Malatya Fault(MAL.F)and between the Amanos Segment(AM.S)of the EAFZ and the Savur Fault(SA.F)shows that these two locations were exposed to tension as a result of the co-seismic horizontal displacement on the surface.This study showed that in addition to the area close to the epicenter,the large earthquake can affect the velocity structure of faults far away from the main shock.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52208355and 52378308)Shenzhen University's 2035 Program for Excellent Research(Grant No.00000219).
文摘With the development of urban infrastructure,it is inevitable that shield tunnels will undercross intercity railways.However,the safe operation of intercity railways requires strict subgrade deformation.On the basis of the engineering background of the Lianghu Tunnel in Wuhan,the three-dimensional centrifuge test and numerical back analysis were used to study the development of subgrade surface settlement during shield tunneling.A three-dimensional numerical model with the same size as the prototype was subsequently established to further study the settlement development and torsion behavior of the subgrade during tunnel excavation.The results show that the maximum settlement point of the transverse settlement trough gradually moves to the tunnel axis during tunnel excavation and that the entire subgrade experiences torsional deformation.Moreover,the effect of the intersection angle between the axes of the tunnel and the subgrade on the surface settlement of the subgrade was further studied.The results show that the intersection angle has no effect on the maximum settlement,but the width of the settlement trough increases gradually with increasing angle.Finally,on the basis of the soil arching effect caused by tunnel excavation,the subgrade settlement during tunnel excavation is reduced by reinforcing the soil in different zones of soil arching.The results show that the settlement of the subgrade caused by the shield tunnel can be effectively controlled by adding reinforcement directly to the top of the tunnel,and the maximum settlement of the subgrade surface is reduced from 24.41 mm to 9.47 mm,a reduction of approximately 61.2%.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Project 2019YFA0705104GRF under Project CityU11212920.
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonaceous chem-icals and reduce the CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion.Among metal-CO_(2)batteries,aqueous Zn–CO_(2)batteries,especially rechargeable systems,exhibit flexible CO_(2)electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals,which are gaseous or water-soluble,in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems.Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the past three years,this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO_(2)fixation and battery performance.Herein,we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO_(2)batteries,including fundamental mechanisms,affecting factors on electrochemical performance,catalyst cathodes,and electrolytes(catholytes and anolytes).Besides,we assess the application potential of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO_(2)batteries based on CO_(2)fixation and battery perfor-mance.Finally,we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the future.
文摘Teaching is oriented towards the development of learners’capacity,in which the development of creative capacity is identified as an important goal in Vietnam’s education and training development strategy.To meet this requirement,in the process of organizing teaching,it is necessary to form for students the ability to think creatively and independently when solving learning tasks or problems arising in learning.The article focuses on analyzing concepts,manifestations,influencing factors,and proposes some measures to develop creative capacity for students.The theory has been built with experiments at high schools,using case study methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation.
基金supported by the Vietnam National University,Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)project entitled“Identifying and quantifying drivers causing water level fluctuations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta”grant number[B2024-18-01].
文摘Urban flooding in low-lying coastal regions(LCRs)is intensifying due to climate change and sea-level rise;however,the complex interplay of hydrological,climatic,and anthropogenic drivers remains poorly understood.This study investigates the specific meteo-hydrological factors linking climate-induced changes and human activities to the urban flooding event in My Tho City,a vulnerable coastal city in Vietnam's Tien Giang Province,from February 9 to 12,2024.Analyzing historical meteo-hydrological data(rainfall,monsoon winds,river discharge,and water levels),we examined the contributing factors.Our findings reveal that the flooding was predominantly driven by the combination of high astronomical tidal levels and significant water surges.These surges were amplified by northeast monsoon circulation.This situation was compounded by critically low Mekong River discharge during the dry season,which enhanced the inland penetration of tidal effects.Rainfall during the period was minimal and did not contribute significantly.We utilized a filtering technique to differentiate between astronomical tides and non-tidal surges in the water level data.These results provide empirical evidence demonstrating that climate-driven sea-level influences(manifesting as high tides and surges)and anthropogenic alterations to river flow governed the urban flooding dynamics.The study underscores the urgent need for integrated adaptation solutions addressing the complex land-ocean interactions, particularly in the context ofclimate change and relative sea-level rise.
文摘There are at least two valid approaches to the thermodynamics of electrons in metals. One takes a microscopic view, based on models of electrons in metals and superconductor and uses statistical mechanics to calculate the total thermodynamic functions for the model-based system. Another uses partial molar quantities, which is a rigorous thermodynamic method to analyze systems with components that can cross phase boundaries and is particularly useful when applied to a system composed of interacting components. Partial molar quantities have not been widely used in the field of solid state physics. The present paper will explore the application of partial molar electronic entropy and partial molar electronic heat capacity to electrons in metals and superconductors. This provides information that is complementary information from other approaches to the thermodynamics of electrons in metals and superconductors and can provide additional insight into the properties of those materials. Furthermore, the application of partial molar quantities to electrons in metals and superconductors has direct relevance to long-standing problems in other fields, such as the thermodynamics of ions in solution and the thermodynamics of biological energy transformations. A unifying principle between reversible and irreversible thermodynamics is also discussed, including how this relates to the completeness of thermodynamic theory.
基金supported by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment project 2024.06.04,“Research on the application of artificial intelligence combined with remote sensing in warning of flood risks due to heavy rain and high tides for coastal cities”,grant number 2024.06.04.
文摘Coastal cities in Vietnam face increasing urban flooding vulnerability due to climate change-induced extreme pre-cipitation.This study evaluates the response capacity of urban drainage systems,using Vung Tau City as a case study.We employed a comprehensive approach,combining Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curve analysis with hydrodynamic modeling,to assess drainage performance under current and projected rainfall intensities.A significant rainfall event on June 19,2020(54.4 mm in 3 h,peaking at 42 mm/h),which exceeded the 5-year return period design(TCVN 7957:2008),caused widespread flooding(25-50 cm depths).Design rainfall hyetographs for 2,5,and 10-year return periods(TCVN 7957:2008)were developed.Results show that under more extreme scenarios,flooded areas increase significantly,with depths up to 1.05 m in the 10-year scenario and prolonged durations due to stormwater routing through regulatory lakes.The analysis reveals the current infrastructure meets only 64%of the 5-year return period demands and merely 41% for a 10-year period.This research highlights the urgent need for enhanced flood management in Vung Tau and similar coastal cities,suggesting upgrades to drainage capacity,implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems,and improved early warning.These insights are valuable for developing climate-resilient infrastructure.
文摘During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector.At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake,more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated.Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged,where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed.Then,the recovery of the housing sector,which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city,have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City.In this paper,the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake,based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources.It can be concluded that after 7+years,the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success,as close to 100%of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged.However,the recovery process of apartment buildings,although important,still has a long way to go.As of May 2025,only 59.6%of the affected buildings have been fully recovered(31.3%using public funds),other 11.3%are under construction or rehabilitation process and,in 29.1%of the affected buildings,no action has been taken to speed their recovery.
