This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of int...This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of intelligent mining in underground coal mines,which uses complete sets of technical equipment to propose classifcation and grading standards.In view of the basic characteristics and technical requirements of intelligent coal mine systems,we established a digital logic model and propose an information entity and knowledge map construction method.This involves an active information push strategy based on a knowledge demand model and an intelligent portfolio modeling and distribution method for collaborative control of coal mines.The top-level architecture of 5G+intelligent coal mine systems combines intelligent applications such as autonomous intelligent mining,human–machine collaborative rapid tunneling,unmanned auxiliary transportation,closed-loop safety control,lean collaborative operation,and intelligent ecology.Progress in intelligent mining technology was described in terms of a dynamic modifed geological model,underground 5G network and positioning technology,intelligent control of the mining height and straightness of the longwall working face,and intelligent mining equipment.The development of intelligent coal mines was analyzed in terms of its imbalances,bottlenecks,and the compatibility of large-scale systems.Implementation ideas for promoting the development of intelligent coal mines were proposed,such as establishing construction standards and technical specifcations,implementing classifcation and grading standards according to mining policy,accelerating key technology research,and building a new management and control model.展开更多
In 2021,China Space Station(CSS)was assembled and constructed in-orbit,which provided a broad space platform for space medicine and space life sciences research.Space medicine focuses on the systematic risks that rest...In 2021,China Space Station(CSS)was assembled and constructed in-orbit,which provided a broad space platform for space medicine and space life sciences research.Space medicine focuses on the systematic risks that restrict long-term manned spaceflight.It carries out systematic research on the impact and countermeasure technology of long-term weightlessness on astronauts’health,space radiation on astronauts’health,behavior and ability,advanced on-orbit monitoring and medical disposal technology,and traditional space medical application technology by the space medicine experiment platform on human body and cell.It has accumulated valuable data on space environmental effects and human factors research,established a“human system risk”research system,obtained new knowledge and discoveries of space medicine,and explored countermeasure technologies of new characteristics.Moreover,a series of achievements have been made in the basic research on the mechanism of the special space environmental effect,which provides a solid foundation for the implementation of space missions.展开更多
Cell cultured meat has been extensively studied as an environmentally friendly,energy-saving and more effective technology.However,there are many technical bottlenecks,especially the regulatory mechanism and manufactu...Cell cultured meat has been extensively studied as an environmentally friendly,energy-saving and more effective technology.However,there are many technical bottlenecks,especially the regulatory mechanism and manufacturing method of in vitro myogenesis.Based on an edible modified silk protein scaffold,with 3D culturing,in situ differentiated and transcriptome analysis,this study describes novel scaffolds and fabrication methods for cell cultured meat.The results showed that the effective space and utilization efficiency for cell culture of the scaffold is 26–1000 that of the traditional culture dish;it could form a tissue-like structure.Transcriptomics revealed the regulatory pathways and key factors of different cycles.It clarifies that the multi-cycle process of myoblast myogenesis in vitro is different from the single feedback regulation in vivo.More importantly,a novel scaffold-based cell cultured meat manufacturing method was developed,further develop a new tissue culture solution that is different from existing cell culture meat production.For manufacturing processes,it provides a new cell culture meat technology system,provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of cell proliferation and muscle growth,and lays the technical foundation for in situ tissue culture of cell cultured meat in vitro.展开更多
This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empiric...This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.展开更多
As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring t...As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring the health and safety of astronauts embarking on extended missions to the Moon,Mars,and beyond.Th e advancement of space medicine and the conduct of in-orbit medical experiments not only determine the boundaries of human exploration of the cosmos but also provide new insights that can benefi t human health on Earth.展开更多
Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is considered a key technology in 6G networks.An accurate sensing channel model is crucial for the design and sensing performance evaluation of ISAC systems.The widely used Ge...Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is considered a key technology in 6G networks.An accurate sensing channel model is crucial for the design and sensing performance evaluation of ISAC systems.The widely used Geometry-Based Stochastic Model(GBSM),typically applied in standardized channel modeling,mainly focuses on the statistical fading characteristics of the channel.However,it fails to capture the characteristics of targets in ISAC systems,such as their positions and velocities,as well as the impact of the targets on the background.To address this issue,this paper proposes an Extended-GBSM(E-GBSM)sensing channel model that incorporates newly discovered channel characteristics into a unified modeling framework.In this framework,the sensing channel is divided into target and background channels.For the target channel,the model introduces a concatenated modeling approach,while for the background channel,a parameter called the power control factor is introduced to assess impact of the target on the background channel,making the modeling framework applicable to both mono-static and bi-static sensing modes.To validate the proposed model’s effectiveness,measurements of target and background channels are conducted across a wide range of indoor and outdoor scenarios,covering various sensing targets such as metal plates,reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,human bodies,unmanned aerial vehicles,and vehicles.The experimental results provide important theoretical support and empirical data for the standardization of ISAC channel modeling.展开更多
Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research probl...Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.展开更多
In this study,the climatology and long-term trends of middle atmospheric temperatures at mid-latitudes are investigated using Rayleigh/Sodium lidar observations collected from January 2010 to December 2021 over Hefei,...In this study,the climatology and long-term trends of middle atmospheric temperatures at mid-latitudes are investigated using Rayleigh/Sodium lidar observations collected from January 2010 to December 2021 over Hefei,China(32°N,117°E).The seasonal variations and vertical profiles of lidar-derived temperatures demonstrate strong agreement with temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)instrument on the Earth Observing System(EOS)Aura satellite.In terms of seasonal variation,middle atmospheric temperatures primarily exhibit annual oscillations(AO)and semi-annual oscillations(SAO).Harmonic analysis of the lidar and MLS temperature data reveals close phase alignment for both AO and SAO,with AO amplitudes ranging from 2 to 6 K,and SAO amplitudes from 1 to 4 K.The dependence of temperature on solar forcing was analyzed using the F10.7 index as a proxy,showing positive solar response coefficients at all altitudes,with a maximum of 15±1.1 K/100 SFU observed near 42–44 km.After removing the temperature response to solar cycle variations,a cooling trend in mid-latitude temperatures is evident across all altitudes,ranging from 3 to 6 K/decade.展开更多
The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic b...The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic benefits,particularly for those used in new energy vehicles.However,recycling spent automotive LIBs for industrial production remains challenging due to technical feasibility,recycling efficiency,economic viability,and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically analyze the status of spent automotive LIBs recycling,and provide an overall review of the full-chain recycling processes for technical evaluation and selection.Firstly,it carefully describes the pre-treatment process,which includes discharging,disassembly,inspection,crushing,pyrolysis,and sieving of LIBs.Subsequently,it examines the principal technologies in extracting valuable metals,including pyro-metallurgy,hydro-metallurgy,microbial metallurgy,mechanical chemistry,and electrochemical deposition.A comprehensive analysis of the operation,mechanism,efficiency,and economics is provided,helping readers understand the technical advantages,disadvantages,and applicable scenarios of each process.Furthermore,it also considers novel environmentally-friendly processes,such as direct regeneration and direct synthesis,and analyzes their potential and limitations in the resource recycling field.Finally,differentiated comprehensive recycling strategies are proposed for typical spent automotive LIBs,aiming at providing effective guidance and recommendations for industrial investors and practitioners,and promoting sustainable development of the comprehensive recycling industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 51834006 and 51874174).
文摘This study considered the role of coal as China’s basic energy source and examines the development of the coal industry.We focused on the intelligent development of coal mines,and introduced the“Chinese mode”of intelligent mining in underground coal mines,which uses complete sets of technical equipment to propose classifcation and grading standards.In view of the basic characteristics and technical requirements of intelligent coal mine systems,we established a digital logic model and propose an information entity and knowledge map construction method.This involves an active information push strategy based on a knowledge demand model and an intelligent portfolio modeling and distribution method for collaborative control of coal mines.The top-level architecture of 5G+intelligent coal mine systems combines intelligent applications such as autonomous intelligent mining,human–machine collaborative rapid tunneling,unmanned auxiliary transportation,closed-loop safety control,lean collaborative operation,and intelligent ecology.Progress in intelligent mining technology was described in terms of a dynamic modifed geological model,underground 5G network and positioning technology,intelligent control of the mining height and straightness of the longwall working face,and intelligent mining equipment.The development of intelligent coal mines was analyzed in terms of its imbalances,bottlenecks,and the compatibility of large-scale systems.Implementation ideas for promoting the development of intelligent coal mines were proposed,such as establishing construction standards and technical specifcations,implementing classifcation and grading standards according to mining policy,accelerating key technology research,and building a new management and control model.
文摘In 2021,China Space Station(CSS)was assembled and constructed in-orbit,which provided a broad space platform for space medicine and space life sciences research.Space medicine focuses on the systematic risks that restrict long-term manned spaceflight.It carries out systematic research on the impact and countermeasure technology of long-term weightlessness on astronauts’health,space radiation on astronauts’health,behavior and ability,advanced on-orbit monitoring and medical disposal technology,and traditional space medical application technology by the space medicine experiment platform on human body and cell.It has accumulated valuable data on space environmental effects and human factors research,established a“human system risk”research system,obtained new knowledge and discoveries of space medicine,and explored countermeasure technologies of new characteristics.Moreover,a series of achievements have been made in the basic research on the mechanism of the special space environmental effect,which provides a solid foundation for the implementation of space missions.
基金funded under the National key research and development plan(2021YFC2101404)Chinese Academy of Engineering Strategic Research and Consulting Project(2023-XZ-79,2022-30-19).
文摘Cell cultured meat has been extensively studied as an environmentally friendly,energy-saving and more effective technology.However,there are many technical bottlenecks,especially the regulatory mechanism and manufacturing method of in vitro myogenesis.Based on an edible modified silk protein scaffold,with 3D culturing,in situ differentiated and transcriptome analysis,this study describes novel scaffolds and fabrication methods for cell cultured meat.The results showed that the effective space and utilization efficiency for cell culture of the scaffold is 26–1000 that of the traditional culture dish;it could form a tissue-like structure.Transcriptomics revealed the regulatory pathways and key factors of different cycles.It clarifies that the multi-cycle process of myoblast myogenesis in vitro is different from the single feedback regulation in vivo.More importantly,a novel scaffold-based cell cultured meat manufacturing method was developed,further develop a new tissue culture solution that is different from existing cell culture meat production.For manufacturing processes,it provides a new cell culture meat technology system,provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of cell proliferation and muscle growth,and lays the technical foundation for in situ tissue culture of cell cultured meat in vitro.
基金funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Project No.23XJC790007).
文摘This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2192933).
文摘As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring the health and safety of astronauts embarking on extended missions to the Moon,Mars,and beyond.Th e advancement of space medicine and the conduct of in-orbit medical experiments not only determine the boundaries of human exploration of the cosmos but also provide new insights that can benefi t human health on Earth.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62201087)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62525101,62341128)+3 种基金in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB2904803)in part by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000001)in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L243002)in part by the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Research Institute Joint innovation Center.
文摘Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is considered a key technology in 6G networks.An accurate sensing channel model is crucial for the design and sensing performance evaluation of ISAC systems.The widely used Geometry-Based Stochastic Model(GBSM),typically applied in standardized channel modeling,mainly focuses on the statistical fading characteristics of the channel.However,it fails to capture the characteristics of targets in ISAC systems,such as their positions and velocities,as well as the impact of the targets on the background.To address this issue,this paper proposes an Extended-GBSM(E-GBSM)sensing channel model that incorporates newly discovered channel characteristics into a unified modeling framework.In this framework,the sensing channel is divided into target and background channels.For the target channel,the model introduces a concatenated modeling approach,while for the background channel,a parameter called the power control factor is introduced to assess impact of the target on the background channel,making the modeling framework applicable to both mono-static and bi-static sensing modes.To validate the proposed model’s effectiveness,measurements of target and background channels are conducted across a wide range of indoor and outdoor scenarios,covering various sensing targets such as metal plates,reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,human bodies,unmanned aerial vehicles,and vehicles.The experimental results provide important theoretical support and empirical data for the standardization of ISAC channel modeling.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022ZDLSF07-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102352901)。
文摘Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 42125402,42174183 and 42304165)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant 2022YFF0503703)+7 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of CAS(Grant XDB0780000)the Chinese Meridian Projectthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory(MENGO-202406,MENGO-202407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Distinguished Overseas Young Talents ProgramBasic Research Project of the National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration(NKLDSE2023A002)the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No.D010305 and D010301 funded by China National Space Administration(CNSA)Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weathe.
文摘In this study,the climatology and long-term trends of middle atmospheric temperatures at mid-latitudes are investigated using Rayleigh/Sodium lidar observations collected from January 2010 to December 2021 over Hefei,China(32°N,117°E).The seasonal variations and vertical profiles of lidar-derived temperatures demonstrate strong agreement with temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)instrument on the Earth Observing System(EOS)Aura satellite.In terms of seasonal variation,middle atmospheric temperatures primarily exhibit annual oscillations(AO)and semi-annual oscillations(SAO).Harmonic analysis of the lidar and MLS temperature data reveals close phase alignment for both AO and SAO,with AO amplitudes ranging from 2 to 6 K,and SAO amplitudes from 1 to 4 K.The dependence of temperature on solar forcing was analyzed using the F10.7 index as a proxy,showing positive solar response coefficients at all altitudes,with a maximum of 15±1.1 K/100 SFU observed near 42–44 km.After removing the temperature response to solar cycle variations,a cooling trend in mid-latitude temperatures is evident across all altitudes,ranging from 3 to 6 K/decade.
基金financially supported by the Special Project of Tiandi Technology Co.,Ltd.(Project No.2023-TD-MS007)CUCDE Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.(Project No.ZCHJ2024001)。
文摘The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic benefits,particularly for those used in new energy vehicles.However,recycling spent automotive LIBs for industrial production remains challenging due to technical feasibility,recycling efficiency,economic viability,and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically analyze the status of spent automotive LIBs recycling,and provide an overall review of the full-chain recycling processes for technical evaluation and selection.Firstly,it carefully describes the pre-treatment process,which includes discharging,disassembly,inspection,crushing,pyrolysis,and sieving of LIBs.Subsequently,it examines the principal technologies in extracting valuable metals,including pyro-metallurgy,hydro-metallurgy,microbial metallurgy,mechanical chemistry,and electrochemical deposition.A comprehensive analysis of the operation,mechanism,efficiency,and economics is provided,helping readers understand the technical advantages,disadvantages,and applicable scenarios of each process.Furthermore,it also considers novel environmentally-friendly processes,such as direct regeneration and direct synthesis,and analyzes their potential and limitations in the resource recycling field.Finally,differentiated comprehensive recycling strategies are proposed for typical spent automotive LIBs,aiming at providing effective guidance and recommendations for industrial investors and practitioners,and promoting sustainable development of the comprehensive recycling industry.
