A brief review of recent progress in researches, productions and applications of full distributed fiber Raman photon sensors at China Jiliang University （CJLU） is presented. In order to improve the measurement dista...A brief review of recent progress in researches, productions and applications of full distributed fiber Raman photon sensors at China Jiliang University （CJLU） is presented. In order to improve the measurement distance, the accuracy, the space resolution, the ability of multi-parameter measurements, and the intelligence of full distributed fiber sensor systems, a new generation fiber sensor technology based on the optical fiber nonlinear scattering fusion principle is proposed. A series of new generation full distributed fiber sensors are investigated and designed, which consist of new generation ultra-long distance full distributed fiber Raman and Rayleigh scattering photon sensors integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier, auto-correction full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors based on Raman correlation dual sources, full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors based on a pulse coding source, full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors using a fiber Raman wavelength shifter, a new type of Brillouin optical time domain analyzers （BOTDAs） integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier for replacing a fiber Brillouin amplifier, full distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin photon sensors integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier, and full distributed fiber Brillouin photon sensors integrated with a fiber Brillouin frequency shifter. The Internet of things is believed as one of candidates of the next technological revolution, which has driven hundreds of millions of class markets. Sensor networks are important components of the Internet of things. The full distributed optical fiber sensor network （Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering） is a 3S （smart materials, smart structure, and smart skill） system, which is easy to construct smart fiber sensor networks. The distributed optical fiber sensor can be embedded in the power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, roads, constructions, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines and other facilities, and can be integrated with wireless networks.展开更多
The authors overview recent progress of fiber loop mirror based sensors in China Jiliang University. With the unique characteristics of fiber loop mirror made by various inserted fibers, fiber loop mirror based sensor...The authors overview recent progress of fiber loop mirror based sensors in China Jiliang University. With the unique characteristics of fiber loop mirror made by various inserted fibers, fiber loop mirror based sensors have the potential to be exploited in a variety of wide applications.展开更多
The Yellow River Delta(YRD)of China is one of the most active land-sea interaction deltas in the world.However,due to human activities and climate change,it has undergone significant changes,including the degradation ...The Yellow River Delta(YRD)of China is one of the most active land-sea interaction deltas in the world.However,due to human activities and climate change,it has undergone significant changes,including the degradation of natural wetlands and saltwater intrusion.As an integral part of soil microorganisms,fungi play a crucial role in maintaining and stabilizing the function of wetland ecosystems.To better understand the composition and diversity changes of fungal communities along a salinity gradient in the YRD of China and their relationship with environmental factors,fungal diversity,abundance,and composition in the sediments of four typical vegetation communities spanning from the riverbank to the seaside were investigated.The results showed that the electrical conductivity(EC)increased significantly from the riverbank to the coastal area(P<0.05),but the levels of total nitrogen(TN),total carbon(TC),total sulfur(TS),available phosphorous(AP),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)increased in Phragmites australis community and then experienced a significant decrease in Tamarix chinensis community and Suaeda salsa community(P<0.05).The alpha diversity(Shannon and Simpson indices)of the soil fungal community exhibited a negative correlation with EC.There was a significant alteration in the structure of the fungal community,primarily influenced by EC and NO_(3)^(-)-N.Ascomycota was found to be the most abundant phylum,and its relative abundance is positively correlated with pH and TS.The relative abundance of Sordariomycetes,the second-largest class of Ascomycota,reached 38.95%.Salinity was identified as the most important factor driving changes in soil fungal community composition.In summary,the fungal community changed significantly along the salinity gradient,and different environmental factors impacted various tiers of fungal populations differently.The findings of this study lay the groundwork for comprehending soil fungal communities and their primary influencing factors in newly formed wetlands.展开更多
Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon ...Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
Education and training in standardization are the basic guarantee for both the implementation of national strategies of standardization and the construction of a national system of standards. As a typical organization...Education and training in standardization are the basic guarantee for both the implementation of national strategies of standardization and the construction of a national system of standards. As a typical organization representing Chinese universities providing standardization education, China Jiliang University has made remarkable achievements in the educational process. This paper analyzes the current educational status of standardization in China Jiliang University, summarizing the characteristics of its education of standardization and highlighting issues existing in the process of education and training. Based on all of these, related countermeasures and the future development pattern for the education of standardization in China Jiliang University are proposed in the paper, from which the future trends for education of standardization in Chinese universities can be predicted.展开更多
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is closely related to the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, the pig serum and tissue samples collected from different regions of Hangzhou District in Zh...Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is closely related to the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, the pig serum and tissue samples collected from different regions of Hangzhou District in Zhejiang Province of China between 2003 and 2005 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PCV2 antibody and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ORF2 gene. The results show that out of 1250 randomly collected serum samples, 500 sera (40%) were seropositive for PCV2. PCR results demonstrate that Hangzhou PCV2 with more than 50% Chinese PCV2 strains and French PCV2 formed Cluster A. Only one PCV2 from Hangzhou belonged to Cluster B with some other Chinese PCV2 and Netherlands’s isolates. Cluster C consisted of PCV2 isolates from China, US, Canada, UK and Germany. The results indicate that the PCV2 infection was widespread in Hangzhou.展开更多
With the prevalence of COVID-19,the phenomenon of viruses spreading through aerosols has become a focus of attention.Diners in university dining halls have a high risk of exposure to respiratory droplets from others w...With the prevalence of COVID-19,the phenomenon of viruses spreading through aerosols has become a focus of attention.Diners in university dining halls have a high risk of exposure to respiratory droplets from others without the protection of face masks,which greatly increases the risk of COVID-19 transmission.Therefore,the transmission mechanism of respiratory droplets in extremely crowded dining environments should be investigated.In this study,a numerical simulation of coughing at dining tables under two conditions was performed,namely the presence and absence of protective partitions,and the evaporation and condensation of aerosol droplets in the air were examined.By using the numerical method,we analyzed and verified the isolation effect of dining table partitions in the propagation of aerosol droplets.The effect of changes in room temperature on the diffusion of coughed aerosols when partitions were present was analyzed.We demonstrated how respiratory droplets spread through coughing and how these droplets affect others.Finally,we proposed a design for a dining table partition that minimizes the transmission of COVID-19.展开更多
Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore...Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.展开更多
Relatively little is known about the relationship between Bufo gargarizans populations from Zhoushan Archipelago and nearby continental regions on the Pacific coast of eastern China.In this paper,155 new specimens of ...Relatively little is known about the relationship between Bufo gargarizans populations from Zhoushan Archipelago and nearby continental regions on the Pacific coast of eastern China.In this paper,155 new specimens of B.gargarizans from Zhoushan Archipelago and adjacent continents and 71 published specimens of B.gargarizans from China's Mainland were studied.Phylogeographical and dating analyses of B.gargarizans were performed using mitochondrial DNA sequencing with a length of 1436 bp.A mt DNA tree that indicated seven major clades was obtained.The earliest split in the mt DNA tree corresponding to the divergence of populations from the western highland region occurred approximately 4.0 million years ago（mya）.A subsequent clade occurred about 3.4 mya,with cladogenesis continuing toward the end of the Pleistocene.The continental clades were distributed in the western,central and northeastern regions of China.Zhoushan Archipelago clades consisted of two largely geographically overlapping subclades with the mt DNA divergence time of 0.73 mya.These results indicated there was extensive dispersal after vicariance.The B.gargarizans populations on Zhoushan Archipelago most probably originated from populations in nearby eastern continental regions of China.It was concluded that geological uplifting during the Pliocene and several sea-level changes in Pleistocene might have influenced the divergence and population demographical history of this species.展开更多
The efficiency of the seaport has been variously studied utilizing either data envelopment analysis( DEA) or stochastic Frontier analysis( SFA). Given the strengths and weaknesses associated with these two approaches,...The efficiency of the seaport has been variously studied utilizing either data envelopment analysis( DEA) or stochastic Frontier analysis( SFA). Given the strengths and weaknesses associated with these two approaches, applying both models to compute efficiency estimates for the 11 seaports of the China and Korea from 2012-2016 and comparing the results obtained. Main finding facts of this paper are as follows:( i) there are some differences among relative efficiency levels,but almost no differences among efficiency ranks in DEA and SFA results.( ii) The tendency of VRS is stronger in Chinese coastal seaports during the past several years.( iii) The values among seaports in SFA model are relatively smaller than those in the DEA models. The results show that the efficiency of major seaports in Korea is far lower than that of ports in China.展开更多
In the high-humidity, hot-summer-cold-winter(HSCW) zone of China, the moisture buffering effect in the envelope is found to be significant in optimum insulation thickness. However, few studies have considered the effe...In the high-humidity, hot-summer-cold-winter(HSCW) zone of China, the moisture buffering effect in the envelope is found to be significant in optimum insulation thickness. However, few studies have considered the effects of indoor moisture buffering on the optimum insulation thickness and energy consumption. In this study, we considered the energy load of an exterior wall under moisture transfer from the outdoor to the indoor environment. An optimum insulation thickness was obtained by integrating the P1-P2model. A residential building was selected for the case study to verify the proposed method. Finally, a comparison was made with two other widely used methods, namely the transient heat transfer model(TH) and the coupled heat and moisture transfer model(CHM). The results indicated that the indoor moisture buffering effect on the optimum insulation thickness is 2.54 times greater than the moisture buffering effect in the envelope, and the two moisture buffering effects make opposing contributions to the optimum insulation thickness. Therefore, when TH or CHM was used without considering the indoor moisture buffering effect, the optimum insulation thickness of the southern wall under one air change per hour(1 ACH) and 100% normal heat source may be overestimated by 2.13% to 3. 59%, and the annual energy load on a single wall may be underestimated by 10.10% to 11.44%. The decrease of airtightness and the increase of indoor heat sources may result in a slight reduction of optimum insulation thickness. This study will enable professionals to consider the effects of moisture buffering on the design of insulation thickness.展开更多
High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-d...High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.展开更多
High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding d...High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present prom...Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present promising applications in wireless communications.This paper reviews the latest advancements in metasurface research within the communication sector,explores metasurface-based wireless relay technologies,and summarizes various wireless communication methods employing different types of metasurfaces across diverse modulation schemes.This paper provides a detailed discussion on the design of wireless communication systems based on coding metasurfaces to simplify transmitter architecture,as well as the development of intelligent coding metasurfaces in the communication field.It also elaborates on the application of vector vortex light fields in metasurface communication.Finally,it offers a forward-looking perspective on wireless communication systems that incorporate coded metasurfaces.This review aims to furnish researchers with a thorough understanding of the current state and future directions of coded metasurface applications in communications.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology utilizes the optical potential well generated by a focused laser beam to achieve precise manipulation of micro and nanoparticles.Based on the optical tweezers platform,the motion behavior a...Optical tweezers technology utilizes the optical potential well generated by a focused laser beam to achieve precise manipulation of micro and nanoparticles.Based on the optical tweezers platform,the motion behavior and dynamic laws of particles are deeply studied,which can reveal the transport mechanism of complex systems.Based on summarizing the principles and experimental methods of optical tweezers technology,this article systematically summarizes the typical force characteristics of particles in optical tweezers,focusing on the dynamic research progress of single particle non-equilibrium state,double particle coupling,and multi-particle cluster system,laying a theoretical foundation for expanding the application of optical tweezers technology in physics,chemistry,biology,and other fields.展开更多
The arbitrary discharge of tetracycline(TC)residuals has seriously influenced the ecosystem and human health.Laccase(Lac)-based biodegradation technology is considered a more effective way to remove TC due to its high...The arbitrary discharge of tetracycline(TC)residuals has seriously influenced the ecosystem and human health.Laccase(Lac)-based biodegradation technology is considered a more effective way to remove TC due to its high catalytic efficiency and less by-product.Nevertheless,free Lac suffers from poor stability,easy inactivation and difficult recovery,restricting its application.Immobilization of Lac is considered an efficient strategy for addressing these obstacles.In this study,a magnetic metal-organic framework of Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@UiO-66-NH_(2)(MMOF)was prepared and used as a carrier to immobilize Lac(Lac@MMOF)for TC degradation.Benefiting from the multiple binding sites,adsorption,and protection effect of MMOF,Lac@MMOF displayed a wider pH application range(2–7)and better thermal(15–85℃),repeatability,and storage stability than free Lac.Furthermore,owing to the synergism of MOF adsorption and Lac biocatalysis,the removal rate of Lac@MMOF for TC could be up to 98%at pH=7 within 1 hr,which was 1.29 and 1.24 times that of free Lac and MMOF,respectively.More importantly,Lac@MMOF could easily be separated from aqueous solution under a magnetic field and maintained good removal performance(80%)after five cycles.The degradation products were identified by applying LC-MS/MS,and possible degradation mechanisms and pathways were proposed.Finally,the antibacterial activity of intermediate products was evaluated using Escherichia coli,which revealed that the toxicity of TC was reduced effectively by the degradation of Lac@MMOF.Overall,Lac@MMOF is a green alternative for residual antibiotic removal in water.展开更多
Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances...Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances in environmental mixtures.For this,it is important to carefully select accurate bioassays from a wide range of tests for EDA when applying it to actual environmental samples.This article reviews studies published from2014 to 2023 that have applied EDA and summarizes the bioassays and their corresponding biological effects.A total of 127 studies were selected from 591 publications evaluating the toxic effects of environmental samples,including wastewater,surface water,and sediments.Here,bioassays used in EDA are summarized,including the assays that measure specific receptormediated modes of action(MOA),induction of xenobiotic metabolism pathways,and induction of adaptive stress response pathways using either in vitro or in vivo bioassays.Also,the identified substances using EDA are discussed based on their MOA.The importance of EDA in establishing a comprehensive approach for the detection of environmental contaminants using bioanalytical methods is emphasized.The current limitations and benefits of using EDA in practical applications are outlined and strategies for moving forward are proposed.展开更多
Stochastic resonance can utilize the energy of noise to enhance weak frequency characteristic.This paper proposes an adaptive multi-stable stochastic resonance method assisted by the neural network(NN)and physics supe...Stochastic resonance can utilize the energy of noise to enhance weak frequency characteristic.This paper proposes an adaptive multi-stable stochastic resonance method assisted by the neural network(NN)and physics supervision(directly numerical simulation of the physical system).Different from traditional adaptive algorithm,the evaluation of the objective function(i.e.,fitness function)in iteration process of adaptive algorithm is through a trained neural network instead of the numerical simulation.It will bring a dramatically reduction in computation time.Considering predictive bias from the neural network,a secondary correction procedure is introduced to the reevaluate the top performers and then resort them in iteration process through physics supervision.Though it may increase the computing cost,the accuracy will be enhanced.Two examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.For a classical multi-stable stochastic resonance system,the results show that the proposed method not only amplifies weak signals effectively but also significantly reduces computing time.For the detection of weak signal from outer ring in bearings,by introducing a variable scale coefficient,the proposed method can also give a satisfactory result,and the characteristic frequency of the fault signal can be extracted correctly.展开更多
Ce^(3+),due to its broadband emission,has the potential to serve as a donor ion for energy transfer to achieve the possible efficient tunable multi-emission in materials.However,current related research primarily focu...Ce^(3+),due to its broadband emission,has the potential to serve as a donor ion for energy transfer to achieve the possible efficient tunable multi-emission in materials.However,current related research primarily focuses on photoluminescent(PL)phosphors,while studies on achieving tunable long persistent luminescence(LPL),particularly in glass materials,are insufficient.In this work,Ce-Tb codoped boroaluminate glass was synthesized using a high-temperature melting method under a reducing atmosphere.Under the influence of oxygen vacancy traps induced during the reduction of Ce^(4+)to Ce^(3+),glass samples exhibit an obvious LPL with a broadband center wavelength at 420 nm and a narrowband center wavelength at 547 nm,which correspond well to Ce^(3+)ions'd-f transitions and Tb^(3+)ions'f-f transitions,respectively.A reasonable Ce^(3+)doping amount achieves the optimal trap depth and concentration to enhance LPL intensity and duration.Additionally,it improves the PL intensity of Tb^(3+)by enhancing the energy transfer from Ce^(3+)to Tb^(3+),thereby enabling the glass to exhibit variable LPL colo rs ranging from blue to cyan.Finally,based on the PL and LPL characteristics of the samples,a dynamic encryption anticounterfeiting application is described.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemi...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemical stability and electrical conductivity,are extensively employed in TENG fabrication.However,the complexity and high cost of conventional carbonaceous materials,such as fullerenes and graphene,have hindered their widespread applications in TENGs.Currently,biomass-derived carbonaceous materials(BDCMs)are positioned as viable candidates owing to their affordability,abundant sources,and environmental friendliness.This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in BDCM-based TENGs(BDCM-TENGs),encompassing nearly all relevant studies since the introduction of TENGs in January 2012 to May 2025.The focus is on their applications in energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing,including human motion sensing,smart home devices,human-computer interaction,and environmental monitoring.Key synthesis methods for BDCMs and the working principles of BDCM-TENGs are presented.To improve the output performance of BDCM-TENGs,various carbon modification techniques are comprehensively discussed,including nanoparticle doping,surface functionalisation,plasma treatment,ultraviolet radiation,template method,and three-dimensional printing.It was further found that different carbonaceous material modification methods have differences in improving the output properties of the prepared TENGs,in which heteroatom doping and surface functionalisation methods are generally superior.Furthermore,future research directions are proposed to promote the continuous advancement of BDCM-TENGs.展开更多
文摘A brief review of recent progress in researches, productions and applications of full distributed fiber Raman photon sensors at China Jiliang University （CJLU） is presented. In order to improve the measurement distance, the accuracy, the space resolution, the ability of multi-parameter measurements, and the intelligence of full distributed fiber sensor systems, a new generation fiber sensor technology based on the optical fiber nonlinear scattering fusion principle is proposed. A series of new generation full distributed fiber sensors are investigated and designed, which consist of new generation ultra-long distance full distributed fiber Raman and Rayleigh scattering photon sensors integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier, auto-correction full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors based on Raman correlation dual sources, full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors based on a pulse coding source, full distributed fiber Raman photon temperature sensors using a fiber Raman wavelength shifter, a new type of Brillouin optical time domain analyzers （BOTDAs） integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier for replacing a fiber Brillouin amplifier, full distributed fiber Raman and Brillouin photon sensors integrated with a fiber Raman amplifier, and full distributed fiber Brillouin photon sensors integrated with a fiber Brillouin frequency shifter. The Internet of things is believed as one of candidates of the next technological revolution, which has driven hundreds of millions of class markets. Sensor networks are important components of the Internet of things. The full distributed optical fiber sensor network （Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering） is a 3S （smart materials, smart structure, and smart skill） system, which is easy to construct smart fiber sensor networks. The distributed optical fiber sensor can be embedded in the power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, roads, constructions, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines and other facilities, and can be integrated with wireless networks.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） under Grant No. 2010CB327804, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61108058, the major project of Education Department in Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No. Z200909231 and the Qianjiang Talents Program of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No. QJD0902005.
文摘The authors overview recent progress of fiber loop mirror based sensors in China Jiliang University. With the unique characteristics of fiber loop mirror made by various inserted fibers, fiber loop mirror based sensors have the potential to be exploited in a variety of wide applications.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471111,42107419)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023MD076)+2 种基金Talent Induction Program for Youth Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No.2022-2024)Youth Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No.2022KJ118)Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(No.20230203174SF)。
文摘The Yellow River Delta(YRD)of China is one of the most active land-sea interaction deltas in the world.However,due to human activities and climate change,it has undergone significant changes,including the degradation of natural wetlands and saltwater intrusion.As an integral part of soil microorganisms,fungi play a crucial role in maintaining and stabilizing the function of wetland ecosystems.To better understand the composition and diversity changes of fungal communities along a salinity gradient in the YRD of China and their relationship with environmental factors,fungal diversity,abundance,and composition in the sediments of four typical vegetation communities spanning from the riverbank to the seaside were investigated.The results showed that the electrical conductivity(EC)increased significantly from the riverbank to the coastal area(P<0.05),but the levels of total nitrogen(TN),total carbon(TC),total sulfur(TS),available phosphorous(AP),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)increased in Phragmites australis community and then experienced a significant decrease in Tamarix chinensis community and Suaeda salsa community(P<0.05).The alpha diversity(Shannon and Simpson indices)of the soil fungal community exhibited a negative correlation with EC.There was a significant alteration in the structure of the fungal community,primarily influenced by EC and NO_(3)^(-)-N.Ascomycota was found to be the most abundant phylum,and its relative abundance is positively correlated with pH and TS.The relative abundance of Sordariomycetes,the second-largest class of Ascomycota,reached 38.95%.Salinity was identified as the most important factor driving changes in soil fungal community composition.In summary,the fungal community changed significantly along the salinity gradient,and different environmental factors impacted various tiers of fungal populations differently.The findings of this study lay the groundwork for comprehending soil fungal communities and their primary influencing factors in newly formed wetlands.
文摘Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.
基金supported by Zhejiang New Century Higher Education Reform Project (No.yb06054): One of the research and practice achivements on construction of "standardized" features high-level specializaed personnel training system, Key Universities Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zhejiang Province "Standardaition and Intellectual Property Management"Public Technological Innovative Service Platform of Standard Information and Quality Security on Zhejiang Province
文摘Education and training in standardization are the basic guarantee for both the implementation of national strategies of standardization and the construction of a national system of standards. As a typical organization representing Chinese universities providing standardization education, China Jiliang University has made remarkable achievements in the educational process. This paper analyzes the current educational status of standardization in China Jiliang University, summarizing the characteristics of its education of standardization and highlighting issues existing in the process of education and training. Based on all of these, related countermeasures and the future development pattern for the education of standardization in China Jiliang University are proposed in the paper, from which the future trends for education of standardization in Chinese universities can be predicted.
基金Project supported by the Foundation of Agricultural Development of Hangzhou City, China
文摘Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is closely related to the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, the pig serum and tissue samples collected from different regions of Hangzhou District in Zhejiang Province of China between 2003 and 2005 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PCV2 antibody and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ORF2 gene. The results show that out of 1250 randomly collected serum samples, 500 sera (40%) were seropositive for PCV2. PCR results demonstrate that Hangzhou PCV2 with more than 50% Chinese PCV2 strains and French PCV2 formed Cluster A. Only one PCV2 from Hangzhou belonged to Cluster B with some other Chinese PCV2 and Netherlands’s isolates. Cluster C consisted of PCV2 isolates from China, US, Canada, UK and Germany. The results indicate that the PCV2 infection was widespread in Hangzhou.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11872353,91852102)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22A020004)。
文摘With the prevalence of COVID-19,the phenomenon of viruses spreading through aerosols has become a focus of attention.Diners in university dining halls have a high risk of exposure to respiratory droplets from others without the protection of face masks,which greatly increases the risk of COVID-19 transmission.Therefore,the transmission mechanism of respiratory droplets in extremely crowded dining environments should be investigated.In this study,a numerical simulation of coughing at dining tables under two conditions was performed,namely the presence and absence of protective partitions,and the evaporation and condensation of aerosol droplets in the air were examined.By using the numerical method,we analyzed and verified the isolation effect of dining table partitions in the propagation of aerosol droplets.The effect of changes in room temperature on the diffusion of coughed aerosols when partitions were present was analyzed.We demonstrated how respiratory droplets spread through coughing and how these droplets affect others.Finally,we proposed a design for a dining table partition that minimizes the transmission of COVID-19.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2019YC19)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(No.2019FY100803)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China from the Chinese Ministry of Education(2015ZCQLX-02)。
文摘Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41541002 and 31372183)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY13C030002),China
文摘Relatively little is known about the relationship between Bufo gargarizans populations from Zhoushan Archipelago and nearby continental regions on the Pacific coast of eastern China.In this paper,155 new specimens of B.gargarizans from Zhoushan Archipelago and adjacent continents and 71 published specimens of B.gargarizans from China's Mainland were studied.Phylogeographical and dating analyses of B.gargarizans were performed using mitochondrial DNA sequencing with a length of 1436 bp.A mt DNA tree that indicated seven major clades was obtained.The earliest split in the mt DNA tree corresponding to the divergence of populations from the western highland region occurred approximately 4.0 million years ago（mya）.A subsequent clade occurred about 3.4 mya,with cladogenesis continuing toward the end of the Pleistocene.The continental clades were distributed in the western,central and northeastern regions of China.Zhoushan Archipelago clades consisted of two largely geographically overlapping subclades with the mt DNA divergence time of 0.73 mya.These results indicated there was extensive dispersal after vicariance.The B.gargarizans populations on Zhoushan Archipelago most probably originated from populations in nearby eastern continental regions of China.It was concluded that geological uplifting during the Pliocene and several sea-level changes in Pleistocene might have influenced the divergence and population demographical history of this species.
基金Qianjiang Talent Plan,China(No.QJC1402014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71473235)+1 种基金National Social Science Foundation of China(No.17BGJ018)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY15G030027)
文摘The efficiency of the seaport has been variously studied utilizing either data envelopment analysis( DEA) or stochastic Frontier analysis( SFA). Given the strengths and weaknesses associated with these two approaches, applying both models to compute efficiency estimates for the 11 seaports of the China and Korea from 2012-2016 and comparing the results obtained. Main finding facts of this paper are as follows:( i) there are some differences among relative efficiency levels,but almost no differences among efficiency ranks in DEA and SFA results.( ii) The tendency of VRS is stronger in Chinese coastal seaports during the past several years.( iii) The values among seaports in SFA model are relatively smaller than those in the DEA models. The results show that the efficiency of major seaports in Korea is far lower than that of ports in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51978623 and 52076189)。
文摘In the high-humidity, hot-summer-cold-winter(HSCW) zone of China, the moisture buffering effect in the envelope is found to be significant in optimum insulation thickness. However, few studies have considered the effects of indoor moisture buffering on the optimum insulation thickness and energy consumption. In this study, we considered the energy load of an exterior wall under moisture transfer from the outdoor to the indoor environment. An optimum insulation thickness was obtained by integrating the P1-P2model. A residential building was selected for the case study to verify the proposed method. Finally, a comparison was made with two other widely used methods, namely the transient heat transfer model(TH) and the coupled heat and moisture transfer model(CHM). The results indicated that the indoor moisture buffering effect on the optimum insulation thickness is 2.54 times greater than the moisture buffering effect in the envelope, and the two moisture buffering effects make opposing contributions to the optimum insulation thickness. Therefore, when TH or CHM was used without considering the indoor moisture buffering effect, the optimum insulation thickness of the southern wall under one air change per hour(1 ACH) and 100% normal heat source may be overestimated by 2.13% to 3. 59%, and the annual energy load on a single wall may be underestimated by 10.10% to 11.44%. The decrease of airtightness and the increase of indoor heat sources may result in a slight reduction of optimum insulation thickness. This study will enable professionals to consider the effects of moisture buffering on the design of insulation thickness.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)
文摘High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.
文摘High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20307 and 62175224)in part by the science and technology innovation leading talent project of special support plan for high-level talents in Zhejiang Province(2021R52032)+2 种基金in part by the China Jiliang University Basic Research ExpensesZhejiang University Students Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan-New Talent Plan(2024R409C054)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant(ZCLZ25F0502).
文摘Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present promising applications in wireless communications.This paper reviews the latest advancements in metasurface research within the communication sector,explores metasurface-based wireless relay technologies,and summarizes various wireless communication methods employing different types of metasurfaces across diverse modulation schemes.This paper provides a detailed discussion on the design of wireless communication systems based on coding metasurfaces to simplify transmitter architecture,as well as the development of intelligent coding metasurfaces in the communication field.It also elaborates on the application of vector vortex light fields in metasurface communication.Finally,it offers a forward-looking perspective on wireless communication systems that incorporate coded metasurfaces.This review aims to furnish researchers with a thorough understanding of the current state and future directions of coded metasurface applications in communications.
文摘Optical tweezers technology utilizes the optical potential well generated by a focused laser beam to achieve precise manipulation of micro and nanoparticles.Based on the optical tweezers platform,the motion behavior and dynamic laws of particles are deeply studied,which can reveal the transport mechanism of complex systems.Based on summarizing the principles and experimental methods of optical tweezers technology,this article systematically summarizes the typical force characteristics of particles in optical tweezers,focusing on the dynamic research progress of single particle non-equilibrium state,double particle coupling,and multi-particle cluster system,laying a theoretical foundation for expanding the application of optical tweezers technology in physics,chemistry,biology,and other fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20133)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0606703).
文摘The arbitrary discharge of tetracycline(TC)residuals has seriously influenced the ecosystem and human health.Laccase(Lac)-based biodegradation technology is considered a more effective way to remove TC due to its high catalytic efficiency and less by-product.Nevertheless,free Lac suffers from poor stability,easy inactivation and difficult recovery,restricting its application.Immobilization of Lac is considered an efficient strategy for addressing these obstacles.In this study,a magnetic metal-organic framework of Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@UiO-66-NH_(2)(MMOF)was prepared and used as a carrier to immobilize Lac(Lac@MMOF)for TC degradation.Benefiting from the multiple binding sites,adsorption,and protection effect of MMOF,Lac@MMOF displayed a wider pH application range(2–7)and better thermal(15–85℃),repeatability,and storage stability than free Lac.Furthermore,owing to the synergism of MOF adsorption and Lac biocatalysis,the removal rate of Lac@MMOF for TC could be up to 98%at pH=7 within 1 hr,which was 1.29 and 1.24 times that of free Lac and MMOF,respectively.More importantly,Lac@MMOF could easily be separated from aqueous solution under a magnetic field and maintained good removal performance(80%)after five cycles.The degradation products were identified by applying LC-MS/MS,and possible degradation mechanisms and pathways were proposed.Finally,the antibacterial activity of intermediate products was evaluated using Escherichia coli,which revealed that the toxicity of TC was reduced effectively by the degradation of Lac@MMOF.Overall,Lac@MMOF is a green alternative for residual antibiotic removal in water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22106157 and U20A20133)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0606700)+1 种基金the CIRP Open Fund of Radiation Protection Laboratories(No.ZFYHHJMN-2023003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang,China.
文摘Chemical cocktails in the environment can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations.Effect-directed analysis(EDA)has proven to be very valuable in identifying key toxic substances in environmental mixtures.For this,it is important to carefully select accurate bioassays from a wide range of tests for EDA when applying it to actual environmental samples.This article reviews studies published from2014 to 2023 that have applied EDA and summarizes the bioassays and their corresponding biological effects.A total of 127 studies were selected from 591 publications evaluating the toxic effects of environmental samples,including wastewater,surface water,and sediments.Here,bioassays used in EDA are summarized,including the assays that measure specific receptormediated modes of action(MOA),induction of xenobiotic metabolism pathways,and induction of adaptive stress response pathways using either in vitro or in vivo bioassays.Also,the identified substances using EDA are discussed based on their MOA.The importance of EDA in establishing a comprehensive approach for the detection of environmental contaminants using bioanalytical methods is emphasized.The current limitations and benefits of using EDA in practical applications are outlined and strategies for moving forward are proposed.
文摘Stochastic resonance can utilize the energy of noise to enhance weak frequency characteristic.This paper proposes an adaptive multi-stable stochastic resonance method assisted by the neural network(NN)and physics supervision(directly numerical simulation of the physical system).Different from traditional adaptive algorithm,the evaluation of the objective function(i.e.,fitness function)in iteration process of adaptive algorithm is through a trained neural network instead of the numerical simulation.It will bring a dramatically reduction in computation time.Considering predictive bias from the neural network,a secondary correction procedure is introduced to the reevaluate the top performers and then resort them in iteration process through physics supervision.Though it may increase the computing cost,the accuracy will be enhanced.Two examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.For a classical multi-stable stochastic resonance system,the results show that the proposed method not only amplifies weak signals effectively but also significantly reduces computing time.For the detection of weak signal from outer ring in bearings,by introducing a variable scale coefficient,the proposed method can also give a satisfactory result,and the characteristic frequency of the fault signal can be extracted correctly.
基金Project supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,China(2024C01192)。
文摘Ce^(3+),due to its broadband emission,has the potential to serve as a donor ion for energy transfer to achieve the possible efficient tunable multi-emission in materials.However,current related research primarily focuses on photoluminescent(PL)phosphors,while studies on achieving tunable long persistent luminescence(LPL),particularly in glass materials,are insufficient.In this work,Ce-Tb codoped boroaluminate glass was synthesized using a high-temperature melting method under a reducing atmosphere.Under the influence of oxygen vacancy traps induced during the reduction of Ce^(4+)to Ce^(3+),glass samples exhibit an obvious LPL with a broadband center wavelength at 420 nm and a narrowband center wavelength at 547 nm,which correspond well to Ce^(3+)ions'd-f transitions and Tb^(3+)ions'f-f transitions,respectively.A reasonable Ce^(3+)doping amount achieves the optimal trap depth and concentration to enhance LPL intensity and duration.Additionally,it improves the PL intensity of Tb^(3+)by enhancing the energy transfer from Ce^(3+)to Tb^(3+),thereby enabling the glass to exhibit variable LPL colo rs ranging from blue to cyan.Finally,based on the PL and LPL characteristics of the samples,a dynamic encryption anticounterfeiting application is described.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376216)。
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemical stability and electrical conductivity,are extensively employed in TENG fabrication.However,the complexity and high cost of conventional carbonaceous materials,such as fullerenes and graphene,have hindered their widespread applications in TENGs.Currently,biomass-derived carbonaceous materials(BDCMs)are positioned as viable candidates owing to their affordability,abundant sources,and environmental friendliness.This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in BDCM-based TENGs(BDCM-TENGs),encompassing nearly all relevant studies since the introduction of TENGs in January 2012 to May 2025.The focus is on their applications in energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing,including human motion sensing,smart home devices,human-computer interaction,and environmental monitoring.Key synthesis methods for BDCMs and the working principles of BDCM-TENGs are presented.To improve the output performance of BDCM-TENGs,various carbon modification techniques are comprehensively discussed,including nanoparticle doping,surface functionalisation,plasma treatment,ultraviolet radiation,template method,and three-dimensional printing.It was further found that different carbonaceous material modification methods have differences in improving the output properties of the prepared TENGs,in which heteroatom doping and surface functionalisation methods are generally superior.Furthermore,future research directions are proposed to promote the continuous advancement of BDCM-TENGs.
