There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution...There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.展开更多
To achieve high-quality economic development,it is imperative to prioritize the real economy and foster new factors for economic growth.Data,as a new factor of production,plays a pivotal role in facilitating the seaml...To achieve high-quality economic development,it is imperative to prioritize the real economy and foster new factors for economic growth.Data,as a new factor of production,plays a pivotal role in facilitating the seamless integration between digital technology and the real economy.It possesses inherent attributes and techno-economic characteristics that enable the extraction of value across various processes,including production,transaction,consumption,and regulatory supervision.The integration with digital technology enhances the productivity and efficiency of the real economy by facilitating service sector digitalization,accelerating the growth of the new real economy,and supporting the virtual economy in its role of serving the real economy.At present,unleashing the value of data is hindered by inadequate fundamental systems for the data,a lack of activity in the transaction market,and the underutilization of the data as a factor of production by enterprises in the real economy.Therefore,it is advised that data be fully utilized to develop the real economy through the four-pronged approach of“enhancing support for the high-quality provision of the data,expediting the integration of the data into the real economy,promoting the high-quality development of the real economy,and enhancing public service and governance systems”.展开更多
Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-qua...Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault-related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault-propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along-strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3-D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat-ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault-propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic.展开更多
With gradual emergence of desertification reversal after inception of combative attempts in China, its evaluation which is based on solid identification is imperative. However, either identification or evaluation lack...With gradual emergence of desertification reversal after inception of combative attempts in China, its evaluation which is based on solid identification is imperative. However, either identification or evaluation lacks consensus and are limited in earlier studies. This paper endeavors to fill this gap by relying on a systematic review of recent studies. After a clarification of causal relation of identification and evaluation, an argument of indicators and models selection is presented taking sustainability, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behavior into account. At first, we emphasize the logical and sequential importance of identification as prerequisite of evaluation, and demonstrate that fundamental identification could be operated by both direct and indirect implementations, though direct implementation usually seems to be a favorite al- tel＇native. Here, we emphasize a consideration of sustainable development, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behaviors together, due to the hiatus of incorporating economic and ecological segments together, and the innate theoretical deficiencies on environmental products of traditional economic and ecological methods of evaluation. Thus, we conceptually merge the economic and ecological segments into one theoretical framework. However, no matter how elaborate the models is, there is an apparent gap of both identification and evaluation due to failure of dynamic interpretations, thereby, it may be future trend and urgency on models＇ elaboration.展开更多
Based on historical documents and records this paper analyzes the characteristics of frequency and distribution of major disasters that took place in the history of China. The findings show that occurrences of differe...Based on historical documents and records this paper analyzes the characteristics of frequency and distribution of major disasters that took place in the history of China. The findings show that occurrences of different types of disasters varied and spatial pattern at provincial level are significantly different as well. The results also indicate that there is a strong relationship between type of disasters and spatial distribution and that the spatial pattern of losses was not the same as that of the frequency. The reasons are： （1） the haz- ard-formative environments which, to a large extent, determine the spatial pattern of the disasters are significantly different; （2） the losses caused by natural disasters were closely related to the concentration of economy and population. Number of deaths was usually large in areas where agriculture, culture and business were relatively developed. The spatial pattern of disaster losses is an evitable result of uneven economic development in the history of China.展开更多
Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding ...Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.展开更多
This study presents the possible determinants of capital flight in China. We present a Johansen cointegration model based on the dynamic econometric theory. By the co-integration model, we get appropriate long-term re...This study presents the possible determinants of capital flight in China. We present a Johansen cointegration model based on the dynamic econometric theory. By the co-integration model, we get appropriate long-term relationship between capital and its determinants. The empirical results imply that the difference between domestic and foreign interest rate, the foreign debt as a percentage of GDP, the overvaluation of the exchange rate, the discrimination between native and foreign capital, financial control is the main economic forcing factors of capital flight.展开更多
All the indicators of China's economic data in the first half of 2008 have shown that the fast growth is not going to trans- late into overheating. But given the complicated economic situation now, it remains a he...All the indicators of China's economic data in the first half of 2008 have shown that the fast growth is not going to trans- late into overheating. But given the complicated economic situation now, it remains a headache to maintain a steady economic growth. What challenges will there be in China's economic development in the second half of this year? And what policy would be the key to the problems?展开更多
On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main pr...On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.展开更多
U.S.banks felt excess competitive pressure from both inside and outside because of financial liberalization,and liquidity brought about by a loose monetary policy intensif ied competition.To cope with the excess compe...U.S.banks felt excess competitive pressure from both inside and outside because of financial liberalization,and liquidity brought about by a loose monetary policy intensif ied competition.To cope with the excess competition and pursue higher prof its,commercial banks turned to innovative financial products with high yields but high risks.Investment banks,insurance companies and policy banks also deviated from their original business;as a result,risks in the financial system rapidly accumulated and a financial ecological imbalance occurred - the primary cause of the current financial crisis.Lessons from financial resources allocation in the U.S.,Brazil and Japan show that since banks are special corporations with great social externalities,governments should institute financial restraint policies that clearly define the business boundaries between commercial finance and development finance to maintain financial system stability,magnify positive externalities and limit negative externalities.展开更多
In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which can...In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.展开更多
Energy cooperation under the"Belt and Road"Initiative is the focus of China's overseas energy cooperation.The proposal of the"Belt and Road"Initiative has brought opportunities for energy coope...Energy cooperation under the"Belt and Road"Initiative is the focus of China's overseas energy cooperation.The proposal of the"Belt and Road"Initiative has brought opportunities for energy cooperation in terms of infrastructure,trade and financial cooperation,and further energy cooperation can help the"Belt and Road"Initiative to achieve the goal of interconnection.Considerable achievements have been made in energy cooperation under the"Belt and Road"Initiative.However,in the process of cooperation,the participants still need to pay attention to the risks in such aspects as geopolitics,finance,law and the environment.展开更多
Affordable housing development consists of many stages and financing is one stage which plays a critical role.Providing housing developers easy access to high- quality and low-cost capital is an effective way to encou...Affordable housing development consists of many stages and financing is one stage which plays a critical role.Providing housing developers easy access to high- quality and low-cost capital is an effective way to encourage them to develop more affordable houses.This paper mainly focuses on affordable housing finance mechanism in USA.The first section is an overview of affordable housing in terms of definition,functions and current regulations for affordable housing.In the second section,there is an introduction of the whole affordable housing financing market.Most of the available financing resources are discussed in this part.Mainstream fund resources are discussed in the third section.The purpose of this paper is to provide housing developers an overview about affordable housing financing market and introduce several mainstream ones in detail.As well,this paper will provide an analysis for Chinese affordable housing developers about what they can learn from the USA and what potential opportunities are in China.展开更多
Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking J...Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking Jinji（Tianjin--Jixian） Highway of Tianjin as an example, the errors of system simulation are tested, and the system dynamics model built is verified to be quite stable, which has a high performance. Through the comparison of simulation results with and without Jinji Highway, the paper simulates and predicts the socio-economie benefit of each year from 2003 to 2013. Thus the quantification evaluation of socio-economic benefit of highway project is realized and will provide the theory instructions for similar projects in the future.展开更多
Combining with the characters of the practicing qualification personnel in construction market,evaluation method based on the self-organizing neural network is brought out to analyze the credit classification of the p...Combining with the characters of the practicing qualification personnel in construction market,evaluation method based on the self-organizing neural network is brought out to analyze the credit classification of the practicing qualification personnel. And the impact factors on the credit classification of the practicing qualification personnel,such as the number of neurons,the training steps,the dimension of neurons and the field of winning neurons are studied. Then a self-organizing competitive neural network is built. At last,a case study is conducted by taking practicing qualification personnel as an example. The research result reveals that the method can efficiently evaluate the credit of the practicing qualification personnel;thus,it could provide scientific advice to the construction enterprise to prevent relevant discreditable behaviors of some practicing qualification personnel.展开更多
Asub-prime mortgage refers to a type of loai3 that is normally made to borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates,often due to a variety of risk factors,such as their income level,size of the down pay- men...Asub-prime mortgage refers to a type of loai3 that is normally made to borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates,often due to a variety of risk factors,such as their income level,size of the down pay- ment,credit history,or employment status. As a result of the borrower's low展开更多
While the whole world has been severely affected by the financial crisis that originated in the U.S.,the governments of many western countries have injected enormous amounts of cash into their banking sectors in order...While the whole world has been severely affected by the financial crisis that originated in the U.S.,the governments of many western countries have injected enormous amounts of cash into their banking sectors in order to maintain financial stability.There is no denying that the U.S.economy has slipped into a recession.Meanwhile,ac-展开更多
Dragged by the U.S.subprime crisis and the soaring oil price,the global economy is slowing down,causing problems to China,the country which has continuously achieved miraculous economic growth.Apart from the ac- cumul...Dragged by the U.S.subprime crisis and the soaring oil price,the global economy is slowing down,causing problems to China,the country which has continuously achieved miraculous economic growth.Apart from the ac- cumulation of high inflation and risks of overheated economy,China is attacked by serious natural disasters ever since the beginning of 2008,including the snow disaster,the earthquake and the flood.It is obviously that China's priority now is to bring inflation under展开更多
DR.Sun Yat-sen was the first Chinese leader grounded in traditional Chinese philosophy(the teachings of Lao Tzu,Confucius and Mencius)who simultaneously received a Western Christian education,in his case starting at a...DR.Sun Yat-sen was the first Chinese leader grounded in traditional Chinese philosophy(the teachings of Lao Tzu,Confucius and Mencius)who simultaneously received a Western Christian education,in his case starting at a very early age."Tian Xia Wei Gong,"literally"the world as one community,"was his intellectual touchstone and vision.The principle still frames major world issues today such as the North-South gap.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070420271, 20018801012)
文摘There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.
文摘To achieve high-quality economic development,it is imperative to prioritize the real economy and foster new factors for economic growth.Data,as a new factor of production,plays a pivotal role in facilitating the seamless integration between digital technology and the real economy.It possesses inherent attributes and techno-economic characteristics that enable the extraction of value across various processes,including production,transaction,consumption,and regulatory supervision.The integration with digital technology enhances the productivity and efficiency of the real economy by facilitating service sector digitalization,accelerating the growth of the new real economy,and supporting the virtual economy in its role of serving the real economy.At present,unleashing the value of data is hindered by inadequate fundamental systems for the data,a lack of activity in the transaction market,and the underutilization of the data as a factor of production by enterprises in the real economy.Therefore,it is advised that data be fully utilized to develop the real economy through the four-pronged approach of“enhancing support for the high-quality provision of the data,expediting the integration of the data into the real economy,promoting the high-quality development of the real economy,and enhancing public service and governance systems”.
基金supported by grants from the 973 program of China(Grant No.2008CB425702)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40672132).
文摘Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault-related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault-propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along-strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3-D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat-ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault-propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic.
基金financially supported by the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZZD-EW-04-05)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971278)the 2010 "Western Light" Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘With gradual emergence of desertification reversal after inception of combative attempts in China, its evaluation which is based on solid identification is imperative. However, either identification or evaluation lacks consensus and are limited in earlier studies. This paper endeavors to fill this gap by relying on a systematic review of recent studies. After a clarification of causal relation of identification and evaluation, an argument of indicators and models selection is presented taking sustainability, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behavior into account. At first, we emphasize the logical and sequential importance of identification as prerequisite of evaluation, and demonstrate that fundamental identification could be operated by both direct and indirect implementations, though direct implementation usually seems to be a favorite al- tel＇native. Here, we emphasize a consideration of sustainable development, cost and benefits, public interest and individual behaviors together, due to the hiatus of incorporating economic and ecological segments together, and the innate theoretical deficiencies on environmental products of traditional economic and ecological methods of evaluation. Thus, we conceptually merge the economic and ecological segments into one theoretical framework. However, no matter how elaborate the models is, there is an apparent gap of both identification and evaluation due to failure of dynamic interpretations, thereby, it may be future trend and urgency on models＇ elaboration.
基金National Technology R&D Program,No.2008BAK50B05Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.KZCXZ-YW-Q03-08
文摘Based on historical documents and records this paper analyzes the characteristics of frequency and distribution of major disasters that took place in the history of China. The findings show that occurrences of different types of disasters varied and spatial pattern at provincial level are significantly different as well. The results also indicate that there is a strong relationship between type of disasters and spatial distribution and that the spatial pattern of losses was not the same as that of the frequency. The reasons are： （1） the haz- ard-formative environments which, to a large extent, determine the spatial pattern of the disasters are significantly different; （2） the losses caused by natural disasters were closely related to the concentration of economy and population. Number of deaths was usually large in areas where agriculture, culture and business were relatively developed. The spatial pattern of disaster losses is an evitable result of uneven economic development in the history of China.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2013CB956003)the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the 2010"Western Light"Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-04-05)
文摘Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.
文摘This study presents the possible determinants of capital flight in China. We present a Johansen cointegration model based on the dynamic econometric theory. By the co-integration model, we get appropriate long-term relationship between capital and its determinants. The empirical results imply that the difference between domestic and foreign interest rate, the foreign debt as a percentage of GDP, the overvaluation of the exchange rate, the discrimination between native and foreign capital, financial control is the main economic forcing factors of capital flight.
文摘All the indicators of China's economic data in the first half of 2008 have shown that the fast growth is not going to trans- late into overheating. But given the complicated economic situation now, it remains a headache to maintain a steady economic growth. What challenges will there be in China's economic development in the second half of this year? And what policy would be the key to the problems?
文摘On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.
文摘U.S.banks felt excess competitive pressure from both inside and outside because of financial liberalization,and liquidity brought about by a loose monetary policy intensif ied competition.To cope with the excess competition and pursue higher prof its,commercial banks turned to innovative financial products with high yields but high risks.Investment banks,insurance companies and policy banks also deviated from their original business;as a result,risks in the financial system rapidly accumulated and a financial ecological imbalance occurred - the primary cause of the current financial crisis.Lessons from financial resources allocation in the U.S.,Brazil and Japan show that since banks are special corporations with great social externalities,governments should institute financial restraint policies that clearly define the business boundaries between commercial finance and development finance to maintain financial system stability,magnify positive externalities and limit negative externalities.
文摘In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.
文摘Energy cooperation under the"Belt and Road"Initiative is the focus of China's overseas energy cooperation.The proposal of the"Belt and Road"Initiative has brought opportunities for energy cooperation in terms of infrastructure,trade and financial cooperation,and further energy cooperation can help the"Belt and Road"Initiative to achieve the goal of interconnection.Considerable achievements have been made in energy cooperation under the"Belt and Road"Initiative.However,in the process of cooperation,the participants still need to pay attention to the risks in such aspects as geopolitics,finance,law and the environment.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(49th Batch)The Introduction of High-Level Personnel and High-Level Personnel Returning from Overseas Research Fund of Nanjing Forestry University(Funding No.G2014018)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,PAPD
文摘Affordable housing development consists of many stages and financing is one stage which plays a critical role.Providing housing developers easy access to high- quality and low-cost capital is an effective way to encourage them to develop more affordable houses.This paper mainly focuses on affordable housing finance mechanism in USA.The first section is an overview of affordable housing in terms of definition,functions and current regulations for affordable housing.In the second section,there is an introduction of the whole affordable housing financing market.Most of the available financing resources are discussed in this part.Mainstream fund resources are discussed in the third section.The purpose of this paper is to provide housing developers an overview about affordable housing financing market and introduce several mainstream ones in detail.As well,this paper will provide an analysis for Chinese affordable housing developers about what they can learn from the USA and what potential opportunities are in China.
基金Technology Plan Projects of Tianjin Planning Bureau(No.2010H3-0011)
文摘Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking Jinji（Tianjin--Jixian） Highway of Tianjin as an example, the errors of system simulation are tested, and the system dynamics model built is verified to be quite stable, which has a high performance. Through the comparison of simulation results with and without Jinji Highway, the paper simulates and predicts the socio-economie benefit of each year from 2003 to 2013. Thus the quantification evaluation of socio-economic benefit of highway project is realized and will provide the theory instructions for similar projects in the future.
文摘Combining with the characters of the practicing qualification personnel in construction market,evaluation method based on the self-organizing neural network is brought out to analyze the credit classification of the practicing qualification personnel. And the impact factors on the credit classification of the practicing qualification personnel,such as the number of neurons,the training steps,the dimension of neurons and the field of winning neurons are studied. Then a self-organizing competitive neural network is built. At last,a case study is conducted by taking practicing qualification personnel as an example. The research result reveals that the method can efficiently evaluate the credit of the practicing qualification personnel;thus,it could provide scientific advice to the construction enterprise to prevent relevant discreditable behaviors of some practicing qualification personnel.
文摘Asub-prime mortgage refers to a type of loai3 that is normally made to borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates,often due to a variety of risk factors,such as their income level,size of the down pay- ment,credit history,or employment status. As a result of the borrower's low
文摘While the whole world has been severely affected by the financial crisis that originated in the U.S.,the governments of many western countries have injected enormous amounts of cash into their banking sectors in order to maintain financial stability.There is no denying that the U.S.economy has slipped into a recession.Meanwhile,ac-
文摘Dragged by the U.S.subprime crisis and the soaring oil price,the global economy is slowing down,causing problems to China,the country which has continuously achieved miraculous economic growth.Apart from the ac- cumulation of high inflation and risks of overheated economy,China is attacked by serious natural disasters ever since the beginning of 2008,including the snow disaster,the earthquake and the flood.It is obviously that China's priority now is to bring inflation under
文摘DR.Sun Yat-sen was the first Chinese leader grounded in traditional Chinese philosophy(the teachings of Lao Tzu,Confucius and Mencius)who simultaneously received a Western Christian education,in his case starting at a very early age."Tian Xia Wei Gong,"literally"the world as one community,"was his intellectual touchstone and vision.The principle still frames major world issues today such as the North-South gap.
