Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
Fe reducing bacteria(FRB),through extracellular electron transfer(EET)pathway,can reduce Fe(III)nanoparticles,thereby affecting the migration,transformation,and degradation of pollutants.However,the interaction of Fe(...Fe reducing bacteria(FRB),through extracellular electron transfer(EET)pathway,can reduce Fe(III)nanoparticles,thereby affecting the migration,transformation,and degradation of pollutants.However,the interaction of Fe(III)nanoparticles with the most commonly identified FRB,Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA,remains poorly understood.Herein,we demonstrated that the synergistic role of outer membrane proteins and periplasmic proteins in the EET process for-Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe3O4,and𝛽α-FeOOH nanoparticles by construction of multiple gene knockout strain.oxpG(involved in the type II secretion system)and omcST(outer membrane c-type cytochrome)medi-ated pathways accounted for approximately 67%of the total reduction of𝛼α-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles.The residual reduction of𝛼α-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles in∆oxpG-omcST strain was likely caused by redox-active substances in cell supernatant.Conversely,the reduction of dissolved Fe(III)was almost unaffected in∆oxpG-omcST strain at the same concentration.However,at high dissolved Fe(III)concentration,the reduction significantly decreased due to the formation of Fe(III)nanoparticles,suggesting that this EET process is specific to Fe(III)nanoparticles.Overall,our study provided a more comprehensive understanding for the EET pathways between G.sulfurreducens PCA and different Fe(III)species,enriching our knowledge on the role of microorganisms in iron biogeochemical cycles and remediation strategies of pollutants.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela ...Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.展开更多
It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael Plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (AC...It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael Plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (ACS) Conference, where, following his talk, this promising researcher was being unfairly criticized by a well-established scientist. I disagreed with this scientist’s criticism, and I encouraged the student how I thought his work was important.展开更多
Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is a plant extensively used in traditional medicine.Here,a synopsis of the research on various aspects of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is presented.An electronic lite...Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is a plant extensively used in traditional medicine.Here,a synopsis of the research on various aspects of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is presented.An electronic literature review revealed that formulations containing Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.are used to manage and treat diabetes,eye problems,malaria,snake envenomation,malignancies,as well as venereal,gastrointestinal,reproductive,respiratory,dermatological,and odonatological ailments.To date,90 compounds have been isolated and characterized from extracts of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.Crude extracts and isolated compounds from Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.possess anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiplasmodial,antiproliferative,anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1,antimycobacterial,antihypertensive,and antidiabetic activities.These bioactivities can be attributed to alkaloids,coumarins,limonoids,and phenylpropanoids present in different parts of the plant.Although some studies have indicated moderate toxicity of the extracts,some of the dominant compounds in this species,such as estragole and carbazole alkaloids,are mutagenic or cytotoxic.A clinical trial utilizing a Ghanaian herbal formulation containing Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.was found to be effective in reducing pain associated with osteoarthritis.Research progress to date supports the traditional use of this species in herbal medicine.However,these studies do not explain the relationships between traditional uses,pharmacological activities,and mechanisms of action.Thus,further studies should be designed to understand the biochemical properties and physiological effects of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.extracts,facilitating the development and utilization of this medicinal resource.展开更多
Fertilizers are the indispensable materials for farming and one of the major components of the current world economy. It is essential to understand the chemical structures of fertilizers to provide best quality produc...Fertilizers are the indispensable materials for farming and one of the major components of the current world economy. It is essential to understand the chemical structures of fertilizers to provide best quality products to the consumers. In this study, chemical structures of some frequently used commercial fertilizers (compost, DAP, and TSP) and their phosphate-metal interaction chemistry were studied employing both analytical and theoretical methods. Three types of fertilizer samples from the mid-southern part of Bangladesh were collected to quantify the content of two micronutrient metals (iron and zinc) and two non-essential metals (scandium and samarium). Neutron activation analysis (NAA) coupled with γ-ray spectrometry was employed to analyze the content of the metals where three standard reference materials, namely IAEA-SL-1 (Lake Sediment), IAEA-Soil-7, and NIST Coal Fly Ash 1633b, were used. Concentration of Fe (2964 - 24,485) mg/kg, Sc (3.50 - 11.80) mg/kg, Sm (2.19 - 26.69) mg/kg, and Zn (243 - 4426) mg/kg were determined in the fertilizer samples. Extremely high concentrations of Fe and Zn were quantified in some of the compost and phosphate fertilizers in comparison with other studies of different countries. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to understand the molecular level interactions of Fe and Zn with triple super phosphate (TSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers by employing DFT-B3LYP/SDD level theory. Results showed that both Fe and Zn have high affinity with the phosphate fertilizers, but Fe compound showed stronger binding affinity than the Zn compounds, which supported the experimental results. Another interesting finding was that the compounds of Fe and Zn attached to the oxygen of the phosphate group of the fertilizers by covalent-like bonding. HOMO-LUMO gaps of the Fe-DAP/TSP complexes were observed significantly lower than the Zn-DAP/TSP, which also demonstrated that Fe compound could have higher affinity to attach with the phosphate group of DAP and TSP fertilizers.展开更多
Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies...Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.展开更多
The preparation of specifically iodine-125 (125I)-labeled peptides of high purity and specific activity represents a key tool for the detailed characterization of their binding properties in interaction with their bin...The preparation of specifically iodine-125 (125I)-labeled peptides of high purity and specific activity represents a key tool for the detailed characterization of their binding properties in interaction with their binding partners. Early synthetic methods for the incorporation of iodine faced challenges such as harsh reaction conditions, the use of strong oxidants and low reproducibility. Herein, we review well-established radiolabeling strategies available to incorporate radionuclide into a protein of interest, and our long-term experience with a mild, simple and generally applicable technique of 125I late-stage-labeling of biomolecules using the Pierce iodination reagent for the direct solid-phase oxidation of radioactive iodide. General recommendations, tips, and details of optimized chromatographic conditions to isolate pure, specifically 125I-mono-labeled biomolecules are illustrated on a diverse series of (poly)peptides, ranging up to 7.6 kDa and 67 amino acids (aa). These series include peptides that contain at least one tyrosine or histidine residue, along with those featuring disulfide crosslinking or lipophilic derivatization. This mild and straightforward late-stage-labeling technique is easily applicable to longer and more sensitive proteins, as demonstrated in the cases of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGF-BP-3) (29 kDa and 264 aa) and the acid-labile subunit (ALS) (93 kDa and 578 aa).展开更多
Assessing the resilience of rice varieties against bioterrorism agents is critical to safeguarding food security.This study evaluated Food and Drug Administration-approved and recognized as safe metallic oxide nanopar...Assessing the resilience of rice varieties against bioterrorism agents is critical to safeguarding food security.This study evaluated Food and Drug Administration-approved and recognized as safe metallic oxide nanoparticles(NPs)of zinc oxide(ZnO)and magnesium oxide(MgO)as protective strategies to reduce susceptibility in imported rice varieties to a biothreat model,Escherichia coli.Two types of rice(brown and white)from four countries(USA,Mexico,India,and Thailand)were treated with 60 mg/L NPs or their ionic forms and sterilized before inoculation.The treatments were analyzed for nutritional profiles,heavy metal content,and pathogen susceptibility.Rice organic compositions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and metal were contents quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.Pathogenic response was monitored using ultraviolet mass spectrophotometry.The findings revealed that nutrient-rich varieties like brown rice from Mexico displayed reduced susceptibility to E.coli compared with white rice from India,which showed the highest susceptibility.NP fortification demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy,particularly with ZnO and MgO NPs,which were more effective than their ionic counterparts in inhibiting bacterial growth.Results showed that ZnO and MgO NP treatments reduced E.coli growth by 72%and 68%,respectively,compared with untreated controls.Brown rice from Mexican treated with MgO NPs exhibited the lowest optical density at 600 nm(OD6000.01),indicating significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial proliferation.This research underscores the potential of nano-fortification not only to improve pathogen resilience in rice but also to maintain its nutritional integrity.This study provides a foundational framework for enhancing food safety against bioterrorism agents and supports the development of resilient agricultural practices.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)currently lack sufficient anode materials that simultaneously demonstrate exceptional capacity,durability under prolonged cycling,and rapid charging capabilities.Antimony(Sb)has emerged as an...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)currently lack sufficient anode materials that simultaneously demonstrate exceptional capacity,durability under prolonged cycling,and rapid charging capabilities.Antimony(Sb)has emerged as an attractive alloy-based anode candidate due to its notable theoretical capacity,nevertheless grappling with significant challenges including substantial structural deformation during operation and sluggish ion transport kinetics.Herein,we atomically disperse Sb into open Cu-S frameworks with high cyclic stability and good conductivity.In-situ and ex-situ analyses reveal the multistep reversible reaction processes during the charging(formation of Cu_(3)SbS_(4))and discharging(precipitation of fracture-resistant Na_(3)Sb in the ionic-conductive Na_(x)Cu_(2)S_(2)/Na_(2)S matrix)processes.As a result,the thoughtfully engineered Cu_(3)SbS_(4)anode,without requiring additional carbon compositing,attains a high reversible specific capacity of 597 mAh g^(−1)at a 0.3 C rate.It also maintains approximately 95%capacity retention even at 15 C after 4300 cycles.The assembled Cu_(3)SbS_(4)||Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)full cell achieves 10 C high rate performance and demonstrates excellent cycling stability of∼94.0%capacity retention after 200 cycles.Our approach to material design might offer a novel method for creating durable,high-capacity,and high-rate anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,...The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ),which are predominant compared with the trivalent species,As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ),in surface waters.Here,we synthesized a novel composite adsorbent,amine-functionalized polystyrene resin loaded with nano TiO_(2)(Am PSd-Ti).The mm-scale spheres showed outstanding adsorption capacities for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),Sb(Ⅲ),and Sb(Ⅴ)at 73.85,153.29,86.80,and 123.71 mg/g,respectively.Am PSd-Ti exhibited selective adsorption for As and Sb in the presence of Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and F^(-).As and Sb were adsorbed by the nano-sized TiO_(2)confined in the porous resin via forming innersphere complexes.The protonated amine groups enhanced the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ)by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding,which was confirmed by experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations.Fixed-bed column tests showed breakthrough curves with adsorption capacities of1.38 mg/g(6600 BV)and 6.65 mg/g(1260 BV)upon treating real As-contaminated groundwater and Sbcontaminated industrial wastewater.Our study highlights a feasible strategy by incorporating inorganic metal oxides into organic polymers to achieve highly efficient removal of As and Sb in real-world scenarios.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor has long been acknowledged as a key target in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.The GABRA1 and GABRG2 genes encode the α1 and γ2 subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric ac...BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor has long been acknowledged as a key target in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.The GABRA1 and GABRG2 genes encode the α1 and γ2 subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor,a key protein implicated in the development of epilepsy.However,the specific association of the GABRA1 IVS11+15 A>G rs2279020 and GABRG2 G3145A rs211013 polymorphisms with antiepileptic drug resistance has been elucidated in only a limited number of investigations.AIM To elucidate the association between GABRA1 IVS11+15 A>G rs2279020 and GABRG2 G3145A rs211013 gene mutations and drug resistance in epilepsy patients.METHODS A total of 100 epilepsy patients(50 drug responsive and 50 drug resistant subjects)were recruited and rs2279020-and rs211013-polymorphism analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique.RESULTS For GABRA1 rs2279020 polymorphism,AG genotype exhibited risk association with an odds ratio of 0.966(95%confidence interval=0.346-2.698)with P value=0.948;however,this association did not achieve statistical significance(P=0.948).Additionally,a higher risk association was identified with the GG genotype,with an odds ratio of 1.808(P=0.382).GABRG2 rs211013 polymorphism revealed no significant association with drug resistance.CONCLUSION The GABRA1 rs2279020 genetic variation is associated with an increased risk for the AG and GG variants,although this association was not statistically significant.Limited investigations have explored the relevance of genetic variations in epilepsy and drug resistance.Longitudinal research is needed to better understand their significance in epilepsy management and to optimize therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Using first-principles evolutionary crystal structure prediction,we systematically investigate scandium polychlorides across 50-300 GPa,predicting multiple thermodynamically stable phases ScCl,ScCl_(2),ScCl_(3),ScCl_(...Using first-principles evolutionary crystal structure prediction,we systematically investigate scandium polychlorides across 50-300 GPa,predicting multiple thermodynamically stable phases ScCl,ScCl_(2),ScCl_(3),ScCl_(5),and ScCl_(7)with unconventional stoichiometries.The exceptional stability of these compounds stems from the mutually compatible crystal orbitals of the Sc and Cl sublattices,strong ionic interactions,and the formation of Cl-Cl homobonds.These factors play critical roles in stabilizing scandium chloride compounds with various unconventional stoichiometries.Notably highpressure novel ScCl phases with P63/mmc and Pm-3m symmetries can be metastable at ambient pressure upon decompression and convert into superconductive electrides.Pm-3-ScCl_(7)exhibits significant pressure-modulated superconductivity,featuring an enhancement of T_(c)to 10.91 K at a low pressure of 75 GPa.In addition,the universal superconductivity found in the Pm-3 structured chlorides suggests a promising structural prototype for pressure-tunable superconductors.展开更多
The bicarbonate-formate(HCO_(3)−–HCO_(2)−)interconversion provides a promising cycle for a conveniently accessible hydrogen storage system via reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes.Existing catalytic...The bicarbonate-formate(HCO_(3)−–HCO_(2)−)interconversion provides a promising cycle for a conveniently accessible hydrogen storage system via reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes.Existing catalytic systems often use organic solvents,tedious optimization as well as manipulation of pH values,solvent,pressure and various additives.Herein,we present an operational,robust,safe and cost-effective catalytic system for hydrogen storage and liberation.We have established a unique catalytic system with two different solid organometallic assemblies(NHC-Ru and NHC-Ir)that facilitate the reversible transformation between sodium formate and bicarbonate in aqueous solutions collaboratively and efficiently.Notably,the NHC-Ru catalyst is privileged for the hydrogenation of sodium bicarbonate,whereas the NHC-Ir component enables the dehydrogenation of sodium formate,all in a single reaction vessel.What sets this system apart is its simplicity.The H_(2)discharging and recharging is simply regulated by heating the mixture with or without H_(2).Remarkably,this process requires no extra additives or supplementary treatments.Moreover,the reversible hydrogen storage system is durable and can be reused for over 30 cycles without a discernible decline in activity and selectivity.The strategic paradigm in this study shows significant practical potential in hydrogen fuel cell applications.展开更多
Creating strongly coupled heterostructures with favorable catalytic activities is crucial for promoting the performance of catalytic reactions,especially those involve multiple intermediates.Herein,we fabricated a str...Creating strongly coupled heterostructures with favorable catalytic activities is crucial for promoting the performance of catalytic reactions,especially those involve multiple intermediates.Herein,we fabricated a strongly coupled platinum/molybdenum nitrides nanocluster heterostructure on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(Pt/Mo_(2)N-NrGO)for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.The well-defined Pt-containing Anderson-type polyoxometalates promote strong interfacial Pt-N-Mo bonding in Pt/Mo_(2)N-NrGO,which exhibits a remarkably low overpotential,high mass activity,and exceptional long-term durability(>500 h at 1500 mA cm^(-2))in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE).Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory reveal that pronounced electronic coupling at the Pt/Mo_(2)N cluster interface facilitates the catalytic decomposition of H_(2)O through synergistic stabilization of intermediates(Pt-H^(*)and Mo-OH^(*)),thereby enhancing the kinetics of the rate-determining Volmer step.Techno-economic analysis indicates a levelized hydrogen production cost of$2.02 kg^(-1),meeting the US DOE targets.Our strategy presents a viable pathway to designing next-generation catalysts for industrial AEMWE for green hydrogen production.展开更多
Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options...Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.Methods:This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases,neurodegeneration,quercetin,and clinical studies from primary medical databases,including Scopus,PubMed,and Web of Science.Results:Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.Quercetin,a flavonoid abundant in vegetables and fruits,is gaining attention for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic properties.It regulates signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),sirtuins,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).These pathways are essential for cellular survival,inflammation regulation,and apoptosis.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that quercetin improves symptoms and pathology in neurodegenerative models,indicating promising outcomes.Conclusions:The study explores the potential of incorporating laboratory research into practical medical treatment,focusing on quercetin‘s neuroprotective effects on NDs and its optimal dosage.展开更多
Effects of root-zone temperatures （RZT） （12℃-RZT and 20℃-RZT） and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investig...Effects of root-zone temperatures （RZT） （12℃-RZT and 20℃-RZT） and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investigated in hydroponics. Strong interactions were observed between RZT and nutrient on the dry weight （P=0.001）, root length （P=0.001） and leaf area （P=0.05）. Plant dry weights were suppressed at low RZT of 12℃, while higher biomass and growth of cucumber seedlings were produced at elevated RZT of 20℃ under each nutrient treatment. Growth indexes （plant height, internode length, root length, and leaf area） at 12℃-RZT had less difference among nutrient treatments, but greater response was obtained for different nutrients at high RZT. RZT had larger effects （P=0.001） on cucumber seedling growth than nutrients. In addition, N was more effective nutrients to plant growth than P and K under low root temperature to plant growth. Higher hydrogen peroxide （H202）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar （SS） contents in leaves were observed at 12℃-RZT in all nutrient treatments than those at 20℃-RZT, indicating the chilling adversity damaged to plant growth. In general, antioxidant enzyme had larger response under low root-zone temperature. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities were higher in both leaves and roots while peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） showed large different action in leaves and roots at both the two root-zone temperature.展开更多
For decades,clinicians have developed medications and therapies to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease,but no treatment currently can slow or even stop the progression of this localized neurodegeneration.Fo...For decades,clinicians have developed medications and therapies to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease,but no treatment currently can slow or even stop the progression of this localized neurodegeneration.Fortunately,sparked by the genetic revolution,stem cell reprogramming research and the advancing capabilities of personalization in medicine enable forward-thinking to unprecedented patient-specific modeling and cell therapies for Parkinson’s disease using induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).In addition to modeling Parkinson’s disease more accurately than chemically-induced animal models,patient-specific stem cell lines can be created,elucidating the effects of genetic susceptibility and sub-populations’differing responses to in vitro treatments.Sourcing cell therapy with iPSC lines provides ethical advantages because these stem cell lines do not require the sacrifice of human zygotes and genetically-specific drug trails can be tested in vitro without lasting damage to patients.In hopes of finally slowing the progression of Parkinson’s disease or re-establishing function,iPSC lines can ultimately be corrected with gene therapy and used as cell sources for neural transplantation for Parkinson’s disease.With relatively localized neural degeneration,similar to spinal column injury,Parkinson’s disease presents a better candidacy for cell therapy when compared to other diffuse degeneration found in Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s Disease.Neurosurgical implantation of pluripotent cells poses the risk of an innate immune response and tumorigenesis.Precautions,therefore,must be taken to ensure cell line quality before transplantation.While cell quality can be quantified using a number of assays,a yielding a high percentage of therapeutically relevant dopaminergic neurons,minimal de novo genetic mutations,and standard chromosomal structure is of the utmost importance.Current techniques focus on iPSCs because they can be matched with donors using human leukocyte antigens,thereby reducing the severity and risk of immune rejection.In August of 2018,researchers in Kyoto,Japan embarked on the first human clinical trial using iPSC cell therapy transplantation for patients with moderate Parkinson’s disease.Transplantation of many cell sources has already proven to reduce Parkinson’s disease symptoms in mouse and primate models.Here we discuss the history and implications for cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease,as well as the necessary safety standards needed for using iPSC transplantation to slow or halt the progression of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
A new environmental friendly catalyst H3PW12O40/PAn was prepared and identified by means of FT-IR,XRD,and TG/DTA.The optimum conditions have been found;that is,the mass ratio of PAn to H3PW12O40 is 1：1.5,the volume o...A new environmental friendly catalyst H3PW12O40/PAn was prepared and identified by means of FT-IR,XRD,and TG/DTA.The optimum conditions have been found;that is,the mass ratio of PAn to H3PW12O40 is 1：1.5,the volume of methanol is 20 mL,and the reflux reaction time is 3 h.The structural identity of Keggin units is preserved after the incorporation into polyaniline matrix.Catalytic activities of H3PW12O40/PAn in synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,butanone ethylene ketal,butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane were reported.It has been demon-strated that H3PW12O40/PAn is an excellent catalyst.Various factors concerned in these reactions were investigated.The optimum conditions are as follows：the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol（r） is 1：1.5,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 0.6%,and the reaction time is 1.0 h.Under these conditions,the yield is as follows：2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,69.0%;2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,79.5%;cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,78.9%;cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,85.3%;butanone ethylene ketal,56.9%;butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,78.1%;2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,76.3%;4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,94.2%;2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,70.7%;and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,79.2%.展开更多
The identification of novel biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis is highly important because early detection and treatment are critical for the medical management of patients. Disruption in the continuity of...The identification of novel biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis is highly important because early detection and treatment are critical for the medical management of patients. Disruption in the continuity of both the basal cell layer and basement membrane is essential for the progression of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia （HGPIN） to invasive adenocarcinoma in human prostate. The molecules involved in the conversion to an invasive phenotype are the subject of intense scrutiny. We have previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase-26 （MMP-26） promotes the invasion of human prostate cancer cells via the cleavage of basement membrane proteins and by activating the zymogen form of MMP-9. Furthermore, we have found that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 （TIMP-4） is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of MMP-26. Here we demonstrate higher （p〈0.0001） MMP-26 and TIMP-4 expression in HGPIN and cancer, compared to non-neoplastic acini. Their expression levels are highest in HGPIN, but decline in invasive cancer （p〈0.001 for each） in the same tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of serial prostate cancer tissue sections suggests colocalization of MMP-26 and TIMP-4. The present study indicates that MMP-26 and TIMP-4 may play an integral role during the conversion of HGPIN to invasive cancer and may also serve as markers for early prostate cancer diagnosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2020YFA0907500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22476206)+1 种基金the supports from the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘Fe reducing bacteria(FRB),through extracellular electron transfer(EET)pathway,can reduce Fe(III)nanoparticles,thereby affecting the migration,transformation,and degradation of pollutants.However,the interaction of Fe(III)nanoparticles with the most commonly identified FRB,Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA,remains poorly understood.Herein,we demonstrated that the synergistic role of outer membrane proteins and periplasmic proteins in the EET process for-Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe3O4,and𝛽α-FeOOH nanoparticles by construction of multiple gene knockout strain.oxpG(involved in the type II secretion system)and omcST(outer membrane c-type cytochrome)medi-ated pathways accounted for approximately 67%of the total reduction of𝛼α-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles.The residual reduction of𝛼α-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles in∆oxpG-omcST strain was likely caused by redox-active substances in cell supernatant.Conversely,the reduction of dissolved Fe(III)was almost unaffected in∆oxpG-omcST strain at the same concentration.However,at high dissolved Fe(III)concentration,the reduction significantly decreased due to the formation of Fe(III)nanoparticles,suggesting that this EET process is specific to Fe(III)nanoparticles.Overall,our study provided a more comprehensive understanding for the EET pathways between G.sulfurreducens PCA and different Fe(III)species,enriching our knowledge on the role of microorganisms in iron biogeochemical cycles and remediation strategies of pollutants.
文摘Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.
文摘It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael Plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (ACS) Conference, where, following his talk, this promising researcher was being unfairly criticized by a well-established scientist. I disagreed with this scientist’s criticism, and I encouraged the student how I thought his work was important.
文摘Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is a plant extensively used in traditional medicine.Here,a synopsis of the research on various aspects of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.is presented.An electronic literature review revealed that formulations containing Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.are used to manage and treat diabetes,eye problems,malaria,snake envenomation,malignancies,as well as venereal,gastrointestinal,reproductive,respiratory,dermatological,and odonatological ailments.To date,90 compounds have been isolated and characterized from extracts of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.Crude extracts and isolated compounds from Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.possess anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiplasmodial,antiproliferative,anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1,antimycobacterial,antihypertensive,and antidiabetic activities.These bioactivities can be attributed to alkaloids,coumarins,limonoids,and phenylpropanoids present in different parts of the plant.Although some studies have indicated moderate toxicity of the extracts,some of the dominant compounds in this species,such as estragole and carbazole alkaloids,are mutagenic or cytotoxic.A clinical trial utilizing a Ghanaian herbal formulation containing Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.was found to be effective in reducing pain associated with osteoarthritis.Research progress to date supports the traditional use of this species in herbal medicine.However,these studies do not explain the relationships between traditional uses,pharmacological activities,and mechanisms of action.Thus,further studies should be designed to understand the biochemical properties and physiological effects of Clausena anisata(Willd.)Hook.f.ex Benth.extracts,facilitating the development and utilization of this medicinal resource.
文摘Fertilizers are the indispensable materials for farming and one of the major components of the current world economy. It is essential to understand the chemical structures of fertilizers to provide best quality products to the consumers. In this study, chemical structures of some frequently used commercial fertilizers (compost, DAP, and TSP) and their phosphate-metal interaction chemistry were studied employing both analytical and theoretical methods. Three types of fertilizer samples from the mid-southern part of Bangladesh were collected to quantify the content of two micronutrient metals (iron and zinc) and two non-essential metals (scandium and samarium). Neutron activation analysis (NAA) coupled with γ-ray spectrometry was employed to analyze the content of the metals where three standard reference materials, namely IAEA-SL-1 (Lake Sediment), IAEA-Soil-7, and NIST Coal Fly Ash 1633b, were used. Concentration of Fe (2964 - 24,485) mg/kg, Sc (3.50 - 11.80) mg/kg, Sm (2.19 - 26.69) mg/kg, and Zn (243 - 4426) mg/kg were determined in the fertilizer samples. Extremely high concentrations of Fe and Zn were quantified in some of the compost and phosphate fertilizers in comparison with other studies of different countries. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to understand the molecular level interactions of Fe and Zn with triple super phosphate (TSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers by employing DFT-B3LYP/SDD level theory. Results showed that both Fe and Zn have high affinity with the phosphate fertilizers, but Fe compound showed stronger binding affinity than the Zn compounds, which supported the experimental results. Another interesting finding was that the compounds of Fe and Zn attached to the oxygen of the phosphate group of the fertilizers by covalent-like bonding. HOMO-LUMO gaps of the Fe-DAP/TSP complexes were observed significantly lower than the Zn-DAP/TSP, which also demonstrated that Fe compound could have higher affinity to attach with the phosphate group of DAP and TSP fertilizers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2020ZD20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22193051)+1 种基金the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.
基金Institutional support was provided by the project of the Czech Academy of Sciences,Czech Republic(to the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry)(Project No.:RVO 61388963)This work was supported by the project National Institute for Research of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases(Programme EXCELES)funded by the European Union's Next Generation EU(Project No.:LX22NPO5104)the Czech Science Foundation,Czech Republic(Grant No.:23-05805S).
文摘The preparation of specifically iodine-125 (125I)-labeled peptides of high purity and specific activity represents a key tool for the detailed characterization of their binding properties in interaction with their binding partners. Early synthetic methods for the incorporation of iodine faced challenges such as harsh reaction conditions, the use of strong oxidants and low reproducibility. Herein, we review well-established radiolabeling strategies available to incorporate radionuclide into a protein of interest, and our long-term experience with a mild, simple and generally applicable technique of 125I late-stage-labeling of biomolecules using the Pierce iodination reagent for the direct solid-phase oxidation of radioactive iodide. General recommendations, tips, and details of optimized chromatographic conditions to isolate pure, specifically 125I-mono-labeled biomolecules are illustrated on a diverse series of (poly)peptides, ranging up to 7.6 kDa and 67 amino acids (aa). These series include peptides that contain at least one tyrosine or histidine residue, along with those featuring disulfide crosslinking or lipophilic derivatization. This mild and straightforward late-stage-labeling technique is easily applicable to longer and more sensitive proteins, as demonstrated in the cases of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGF-BP-3) (29 kDa and 264 aa) and the acid-labile subunit (ALS) (93 kDa and 578 aa).
文摘Assessing the resilience of rice varieties against bioterrorism agents is critical to safeguarding food security.This study evaluated Food and Drug Administration-approved and recognized as safe metallic oxide nanoparticles(NPs)of zinc oxide(ZnO)and magnesium oxide(MgO)as protective strategies to reduce susceptibility in imported rice varieties to a biothreat model,Escherichia coli.Two types of rice(brown and white)from four countries(USA,Mexico,India,and Thailand)were treated with 60 mg/L NPs or their ionic forms and sterilized before inoculation.The treatments were analyzed for nutritional profiles,heavy metal content,and pathogen susceptibility.Rice organic compositions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and metal were contents quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.Pathogenic response was monitored using ultraviolet mass spectrophotometry.The findings revealed that nutrient-rich varieties like brown rice from Mexico displayed reduced susceptibility to E.coli compared with white rice from India,which showed the highest susceptibility.NP fortification demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy,particularly with ZnO and MgO NPs,which were more effective than their ionic counterparts in inhibiting bacterial growth.Results showed that ZnO and MgO NP treatments reduced E.coli growth by 72%and 68%,respectively,compared with untreated controls.Brown rice from Mexican treated with MgO NPs exhibited the lowest optical density at 600 nm(OD6000.01),indicating significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial proliferation.This research underscores the potential of nano-fortification not only to improve pathogen resilience in rice but also to maintain its nutritional integrity.This study provides a foundational framework for enhancing food safety against bioterrorism agents and supports the development of resilient agricultural practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471283,52202327)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1471300,23DZ1200800)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224BAB204002,GJJ211320)the Jingdezhen Science and Technology Bureau(20212GYZD009-15)。
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)currently lack sufficient anode materials that simultaneously demonstrate exceptional capacity,durability under prolonged cycling,and rapid charging capabilities.Antimony(Sb)has emerged as an attractive alloy-based anode candidate due to its notable theoretical capacity,nevertheless grappling with significant challenges including substantial structural deformation during operation and sluggish ion transport kinetics.Herein,we atomically disperse Sb into open Cu-S frameworks with high cyclic stability and good conductivity.In-situ and ex-situ analyses reveal the multistep reversible reaction processes during the charging(formation of Cu_(3)SbS_(4))and discharging(precipitation of fracture-resistant Na_(3)Sb in the ionic-conductive Na_(x)Cu_(2)S_(2)/Na_(2)S matrix)processes.As a result,the thoughtfully engineered Cu_(3)SbS_(4)anode,without requiring additional carbon compositing,attains a high reversible specific capacity of 597 mAh g^(−1)at a 0.3 C rate.It also maintains approximately 95%capacity retention even at 15 C after 4300 cycles.The assembled Cu_(3)SbS_(4)||Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)full cell achieves 10 C high rate performance and demonstrates excellent cycling stability of∼94.0%capacity retention after 200 cycles.Our approach to material design might offer a novel method for creating durable,high-capacity,and high-rate anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230706)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund(Overseas)of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022HWYQ-015)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund(No.tsqn202211039)Qilu Youth Talent Program of Shandong University(No.61440082163171)。
文摘The removal of highly toxic arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)contaminants in water by adsorption presents a great challenge worldwide.Conventional adsorbents exhibit insufficient efficacy for removing pentavalent oxyanions,As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ),which are predominant compared with the trivalent species,As(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅲ),in surface waters.Here,we synthesized a novel composite adsorbent,amine-functionalized polystyrene resin loaded with nano TiO_(2)(Am PSd-Ti).The mm-scale spheres showed outstanding adsorption capacities for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),Sb(Ⅲ),and Sb(Ⅴ)at 73.85,153.29,86.80,and 123.71 mg/g,respectively.Am PSd-Ti exhibited selective adsorption for As and Sb in the presence of Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and F^(-).As and Sb were adsorbed by the nano-sized TiO_(2)confined in the porous resin via forming innersphere complexes.The protonated amine groups enhanced the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)and Sb(Ⅴ)by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding,which was confirmed by experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations.Fixed-bed column tests showed breakthrough curves with adsorption capacities of1.38 mg/g(6600 BV)and 6.65 mg/g(1260 BV)upon treating real As-contaminated groundwater and Sbcontaminated industrial wastewater.Our study highlights a feasible strategy by incorporating inorganic metal oxides into organic polymers to achieve highly efficient removal of As and Sb in real-world scenarios.
文摘BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor has long been acknowledged as a key target in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.The GABRA1 and GABRG2 genes encode the α1 and γ2 subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor,a key protein implicated in the development of epilepsy.However,the specific association of the GABRA1 IVS11+15 A>G rs2279020 and GABRG2 G3145A rs211013 polymorphisms with antiepileptic drug resistance has been elucidated in only a limited number of investigations.AIM To elucidate the association between GABRA1 IVS11+15 A>G rs2279020 and GABRG2 G3145A rs211013 gene mutations and drug resistance in epilepsy patients.METHODS A total of 100 epilepsy patients(50 drug responsive and 50 drug resistant subjects)were recruited and rs2279020-and rs211013-polymorphism analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique.RESULTS For GABRA1 rs2279020 polymorphism,AG genotype exhibited risk association with an odds ratio of 0.966(95%confidence interval=0.346-2.698)with P value=0.948;however,this association did not achieve statistical significance(P=0.948).Additionally,a higher risk association was identified with the GG genotype,with an odds ratio of 1.808(P=0.382).GABRG2 rs211013 polymorphism revealed no significant association with drug resistance.CONCLUSION The GABRA1 rs2279020 genetic variation is associated with an increased risk for the AG and GG variants,although this association was not statistically significant.Limited investigations have explored the relevance of genetic variations in epilepsy and drug resistance.Longitudinal research is needed to better understand their significance in epilepsy management and to optimize therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2022C01053)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ23A040010)+5 种基金the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies(Grant No.SPL-2404)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.Y24F050044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274169 and 12122405)M.M.acknowledges NSF DMR 1848141,OAC 2117956the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation,and CSU RSCA grantsParts of the calculations were performed in the High Performance。
文摘Using first-principles evolutionary crystal structure prediction,we systematically investigate scandium polychlorides across 50-300 GPa,predicting multiple thermodynamically stable phases ScCl,ScCl_(2),ScCl_(3),ScCl_(5),and ScCl_(7)with unconventional stoichiometries.The exceptional stability of these compounds stems from the mutually compatible crystal orbitals of the Sc and Cl sublattices,strong ionic interactions,and the formation of Cl-Cl homobonds.These factors play critical roles in stabilizing scandium chloride compounds with various unconventional stoichiometries.Notably highpressure novel ScCl phases with P63/mmc and Pm-3m symmetries can be metastable at ambient pressure upon decompression and convert into superconductive electrides.Pm-3-ScCl_(7)exhibits significant pressure-modulated superconductivity,featuring an enhancement of T_(c)to 10.91 K at a low pressure of 75 GPa.In addition,the universal superconductivity found in the Pm-3 structured chlorides suggests a promising structural prototype for pressure-tunable superconductors.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271060)。
文摘The bicarbonate-formate(HCO_(3)−–HCO_(2)−)interconversion provides a promising cycle for a conveniently accessible hydrogen storage system via reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes.Existing catalytic systems often use organic solvents,tedious optimization as well as manipulation of pH values,solvent,pressure and various additives.Herein,we present an operational,robust,safe and cost-effective catalytic system for hydrogen storage and liberation.We have established a unique catalytic system with two different solid organometallic assemblies(NHC-Ru and NHC-Ir)that facilitate the reversible transformation between sodium formate and bicarbonate in aqueous solutions collaboratively and efficiently.Notably,the NHC-Ru catalyst is privileged for the hydrogenation of sodium bicarbonate,whereas the NHC-Ir component enables the dehydrogenation of sodium formate,all in a single reaction vessel.What sets this system apart is its simplicity.The H_(2)discharging and recharging is simply regulated by heating the mixture with or without H_(2).Remarkably,this process requires no extra additives or supplementary treatments.Moreover,the reversible hydrogen storage system is durable and can be reused for over 30 cycles without a discernible decline in activity and selectivity.The strategic paradigm in this study shows significant practical potential in hydrogen fuel cell applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22171287, 51972342, 52303274)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (tsqn202103046 and ts20190922)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024QB076, ZR2022QE175)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (24CX07007A and 22CX01002A-1)
文摘Creating strongly coupled heterostructures with favorable catalytic activities is crucial for promoting the performance of catalytic reactions,especially those involve multiple intermediates.Herein,we fabricated a strongly coupled platinum/molybdenum nitrides nanocluster heterostructure on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(Pt/Mo_(2)N-NrGO)for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.The well-defined Pt-containing Anderson-type polyoxometalates promote strong interfacial Pt-N-Mo bonding in Pt/Mo_(2)N-NrGO,which exhibits a remarkably low overpotential,high mass activity,and exceptional long-term durability(>500 h at 1500 mA cm^(-2))in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE).Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory reveal that pronounced electronic coupling at the Pt/Mo_(2)N cluster interface facilitates the catalytic decomposition of H_(2)O through synergistic stabilization of intermediates(Pt-H^(*)and Mo-OH^(*)),thereby enhancing the kinetics of the rate-determining Volmer step.Techno-economic analysis indicates a levelized hydrogen production cost of$2.02 kg^(-1),meeting the US DOE targets.Our strategy presents a viable pathway to designing next-generation catalysts for industrial AEMWE for green hydrogen production.
基金financially supporting this work through the Large Research Group Project under grant number R.G.P.2/510/45。
文摘Background:Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),including Alzheimer‘s disease,Parkinson‘s disease,and Huntington‘s disease,are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.Methods:This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases,neurodegeneration,quercetin,and clinical studies from primary medical databases,including Scopus,PubMed,and Web of Science.Results:Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.Quercetin,a flavonoid abundant in vegetables and fruits,is gaining attention for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic properties.It regulates signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),sirtuins,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt).These pathways are essential for cellular survival,inflammation regulation,and apoptosis.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that quercetin improves symptoms and pathology in neurodegenerative models,indicating promising outcomes.Conclusions:The study explores the potential of incorporating laboratory research into practical medical treatment,focusing on quercetin‘s neuroprotective effects on NDs and its optimal dosage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101272)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(0812201217)
文摘Effects of root-zone temperatures （RZT） （12℃-RZT and 20℃-RZT） and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investigated in hydroponics. Strong interactions were observed between RZT and nutrient on the dry weight （P=0.001）, root length （P=0.001） and leaf area （P=0.05）. Plant dry weights were suppressed at low RZT of 12℃, while higher biomass and growth of cucumber seedlings were produced at elevated RZT of 20℃ under each nutrient treatment. Growth indexes （plant height, internode length, root length, and leaf area） at 12℃-RZT had less difference among nutrient treatments, but greater response was obtained for different nutrients at high RZT. RZT had larger effects （P=0.001） on cucumber seedling growth than nutrients. In addition, N was more effective nutrients to plant growth than P and K under low root temperature to plant growth. Higher hydrogen peroxide （H202）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar （SS） contents in leaves were observed at 12℃-RZT in all nutrient treatments than those at 20℃-RZT, indicating the chilling adversity damaged to plant growth. In general, antioxidant enzyme had larger response under low root-zone temperature. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities were higher in both leaves and roots while peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） showed large different action in leaves and roots at both the two root-zone temperature.
文摘For decades,clinicians have developed medications and therapies to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease,but no treatment currently can slow or even stop the progression of this localized neurodegeneration.Fortunately,sparked by the genetic revolution,stem cell reprogramming research and the advancing capabilities of personalization in medicine enable forward-thinking to unprecedented patient-specific modeling and cell therapies for Parkinson’s disease using induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs).In addition to modeling Parkinson’s disease more accurately than chemically-induced animal models,patient-specific stem cell lines can be created,elucidating the effects of genetic susceptibility and sub-populations’differing responses to in vitro treatments.Sourcing cell therapy with iPSC lines provides ethical advantages because these stem cell lines do not require the sacrifice of human zygotes and genetically-specific drug trails can be tested in vitro without lasting damage to patients.In hopes of finally slowing the progression of Parkinson’s disease or re-establishing function,iPSC lines can ultimately be corrected with gene therapy and used as cell sources for neural transplantation for Parkinson’s disease.With relatively localized neural degeneration,similar to spinal column injury,Parkinson’s disease presents a better candidacy for cell therapy when compared to other diffuse degeneration found in Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s Disease.Neurosurgical implantation of pluripotent cells poses the risk of an innate immune response and tumorigenesis.Precautions,therefore,must be taken to ensure cell line quality before transplantation.While cell quality can be quantified using a number of assays,a yielding a high percentage of therapeutically relevant dopaminergic neurons,minimal de novo genetic mutations,and standard chromosomal structure is of the utmost importance.Current techniques focus on iPSCs because they can be matched with donors using human leukocyte antigens,thereby reducing the severity and risk of immune rejection.In August of 2018,researchers in Kyoto,Japan embarked on the first human clinical trial using iPSC cell therapy transplantation for patients with moderate Parkinson’s disease.Transplantation of many cell sources has already proven to reduce Parkinson’s disease symptoms in mouse and primate models.Here we discuss the history and implications for cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease,as well as the necessary safety standards needed for using iPSC transplantation to slow or halt the progression of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2005ABA053)Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioanalytical Technique,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20471044).
文摘A new environmental friendly catalyst H3PW12O40/PAn was prepared and identified by means of FT-IR,XRD,and TG/DTA.The optimum conditions have been found;that is,the mass ratio of PAn to H3PW12O40 is 1：1.5,the volume of methanol is 20 mL,and the reflux reaction time is 3 h.The structural identity of Keggin units is preserved after the incorporation into polyaniline matrix.Catalytic activities of H3PW12O40/PAn in synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,butanone ethylene ketal,butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane were reported.It has been demon-strated that H3PW12O40/PAn is an excellent catalyst.Various factors concerned in these reactions were investigated.The optimum conditions are as follows：the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol（r） is 1：1.5,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 0.6%,and the reaction time is 1.0 h.Under these conditions,the yield is as follows：2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,69.0%;2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane,79.5%;cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,78.9%;cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,85.3%;butanone ethylene ketal,56.9%;butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal,78.1%;2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,76.3%;4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane,94.2%;2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,70.7%;and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane,79.2%.
文摘The identification of novel biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis is highly important because early detection and treatment are critical for the medical management of patients. Disruption in the continuity of both the basal cell layer and basement membrane is essential for the progression of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia （HGPIN） to invasive adenocarcinoma in human prostate. The molecules involved in the conversion to an invasive phenotype are the subject of intense scrutiny. We have previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase-26 （MMP-26） promotes the invasion of human prostate cancer cells via the cleavage of basement membrane proteins and by activating the zymogen form of MMP-9. Furthermore, we have found that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 （TIMP-4） is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of MMP-26. Here we demonstrate higher （p〈0.0001） MMP-26 and TIMP-4 expression in HGPIN and cancer, compared to non-neoplastic acini. Their expression levels are highest in HGPIN, but decline in invasive cancer （p〈0.001 for each） in the same tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of serial prostate cancer tissue sections suggests colocalization of MMP-26 and TIMP-4. The present study indicates that MMP-26 and TIMP-4 may play an integral role during the conversion of HGPIN to invasive cancer and may also serve as markers for early prostate cancer diagnosis.
