Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potentia...Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds,thus increasingly attracting research interest.Commiphora myrrha(T.Nees)Engl.(Burseraceae)is a medicinal plant whose oleo-gum resin is used in food,cosmetics,fragrances,and pharmaceuticals.Herein,the larvicidal potential of its essential oil(EO)was assessed on four mosquito species(Aedes albopictus Skuse,Ae.aegypti L.,Anopheles gambiae Giles and An.stephensi Liston),with LC_(50) values ranging from 4.42 to 16.80 μg/mL.The bio-guided EO fractionation identified furanosesquiterpenes as the main larvicidal compounds.A GC-MS-driven untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 32 affected metabolic pathways in treated larvae.The EO non-target toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus(LC_(50)=4.51 μL/L)and its cytotoxicity on a human kidney cell line(HEK293)(IC50 of 14.38 μg/mL)were also assessed.This study shows the potential of plant products as innovative insecticidal agents and lays the ground-work for the possible exploitation of C.myrrha EO in the sustainable approaches for mosquito management.展开更多
Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to th...Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to the production of inactive photoisomers decreasing the production yield of VD2.This study assesses the impact of UV irradiation conditions on the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D2.The effects of various parameters were tested including the mushroom form(powder,extract,suspension),irradiation time(0–240 min),temperature(20–40℃),intensity(0.16–0.48 mW/cm^(2)),and agitation during UV-C irradiation.The mushroom extract was the most suitable mushroom form for VD_(2) production.Beyond VD_(2),other photoisomers(tachysterol and lumisterol),were detected through HPLC-APCI-MS and their levels increased with deep and prolonged irradiation.The highest VD_(2) levels(0.95–1.03 mg/g dw)were obtained by irradiating mushroom extracts with an intensity of 0.31 mW/cm^(2) for 10 min.These results highlight the potential of mushrooms for VD_(2) production through UV-C irradiation,which is accompanied by the formation of biologically-active photo-isomers.展开更多
Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may...Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may be due to the geographic regions and wine vintage.Therefore,phenolic,antioxidant,macro-and micro-nutritional composition of wine waste(pomace and seed)originating from Lacrima di Morro d’Alba red grape variety and pomace of Verdicchio white variety were evaluated for the first time.LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 32 phenolic compounds.The phenolic profile was different in pomace of both varieties:white grape pomaces showed the predominance of flavan-3-ols,while anthocyanins were predominant in red pomaces.Comparing seeds and pomace of Lacrima di Morro d’Alba,catechin and epicatechin are representative com-pounds in red grape seeds,while malvidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-glucoside are the most abundant compounds in pomace of all wineries.Highest TPC and antioxidant activities determined by UV-vis spectro-photometer were observed in seed samples.High dietary fibers,polyunsaturated fatty acids,minerals and protein contents were observed in all samples.Wine byproducts of both grape varieties appeared to be a good source of phenolic and nutritional compounds;therefore,they could be a cheap alternative for phenolics production and development of new functional foods.展开更多
Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds i...Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds in grapevine leaves.The detailed composition of main phytochemicals involved in the high antioxidant of grape leaves(2.20 g TE/100 g)was determined including carotenoids(lutein,β-carotene),tocopherols(αandɣ-tocopherol),polyphenols(phenolics acids,flavonoids),and phytosterols(β-sitosterol).In particular,high levels of lutein(0.3–1.0 g/kg)andα-tocopherol(0.2–1.2 g/kg)were observed.Moreover,the evolution of bioactive compounds during 7 harvesting times from July to October was also studied showing that the content of phytochemicals fluctuates according to the development stage of grape leaves.Phytosterols for example reached their highest levels in leaves in the later stage of maturation(T6–T7)with values around 169±40 mg/kg.展开更多
In this study,the effect of conventional roasting and the photo-oxidative stability of two cold-pressed peanut oil varieties(Virginia and Valencia)were investigated.Changes in the concentrations of the fatty acids(inc...In this study,the effect of conventional roasting and the photo-oxidative stability of two cold-pressed peanut oil varieties(Virginia and Valencia)were investigated.Changes in the concentrations of the fatty acids(including trans isomers),minor components,nutritional quality,and antioxidant capacity were analyzed and compared.The evolution of the oxidation status was measured by peroxide value(PV),acid value(AV),p-anisidine value(p-AnV),UV-spectrophotometric indexes(E232 and E270),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and browning index(BI).Results showed a slight change in AV,while relevant primary and secondary lipid oxidation was detected,leading to an increase in PV,p-AnV,as well as E232 and E270 indexes during roasting and photo-oxidation.Furthermore,exposure to UV light resulted in a remarkable degradation of tocopherol(71.67-100%),while phytosterols were reduced by 0.16-6.68%.Roasting,on the other hand,resulted in a significant increase(p<0.05)in the content of phytosterols,tocopherols,chlorophyll,and carotenoid as well as antioxidant activity in peanut oil.In addition,Maillard reaction products(estimated by BI)also increased with roasting;afterward,these compounds gradually declined with UV light exposure.As for the fatty acid profile and nutritional indicators,a noticeable difference was observed between unroasted and roasted peanut oils throughout photo-oxidation.展开更多
Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee b...Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties namely Esmaeli,Hamadi,Harazi,Mattari,Odaini and Yafei.Antioxidant(phosphomolybdenum,antiradical,reducing power and ferrous chelating),and enzyme inhibition activity of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase,tyrosinase,α-glucosidase,andα-amylase were also studied.Quantification of total phenols revealed that all green beans varieties were richer in their total polyphenolic(63.77-110.98 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract)content than their flavonoids one(2.86-5.57 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract).HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 30 selected bioactive compounds showed that all varieties had the same types of phytoconstituents with differences in their relative abundance.Caffeine(1613.89-2466.38μg/g)followed by 5-caffeoylquinic acid(1017.63-1313.39μg/g)were the dominant compounds in all varieties with caffeine more abundant in Esmaeli variety while 5-caffeoylquinic acid in Odaini variety.All varieties displayed a pronounced antioxidant property in all the in vitro assays with Odaini variety significantly(p<0.05)exerted the highest anti-DPPH radicals(253.96 mg Trolox equivalent(TE)/g),metal chelating(19.73 mg Disodium edetate equivalents/g),Cu^(2+)(441.11 mg TE/g)and Fe3+(221.04 mg TE/g)reducing activities.Furthermore,the majority of green coffee beans varieties showed comparable enzyme inhibition property with highest activity recorded against tyrosinase(39.35-46.96 mg kojic acid equivalents/g)and acetylcholinesterase(1.80-2.17 mg galanthamine equivalents/g)enzymes.In conclusion,all Yemeni green coffee beans varieties have proven to be rich source of biochemicals with beneficial impact on human health and could be of significant applications in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.展开更多
This study investigates almond oil parameters such as yield,fatty acids,peroxide value,and antioxidant activity over a 12-month storage period.Despite stable oil yields due to almond shells’protective properties,ther...This study investigates almond oil parameters such as yield,fatty acids,peroxide value,and antioxidant activity over a 12-month storage period.Despite stable oil yields due to almond shells’protective properties,there are increases in free fatty acids and peroxide values,indicating oxidation.Iodine values mostly align with norms,but some exceed limits.Chlorophyll decreases while carotenoids increase during storage,possibly due to chlorophyll degradation.Oleic acid remains predominant in fatty acid composition,distinguishing sweet and bitter almonds.Alpha-tocopherol prevails,with storage affecting gamma and beta tocopherol.Polyphenol content decreases over time,differing between almond types.DPPH and ABTS tests reflect antioxidant activity changes similarly.Bitter almonds yield higher extraction yields and phenolic compounds.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)elucidates variable relationships.Almond oil samples are classified into three groups based on quality and antioxidant properties.CHAID analysis emphasizes DPPH’s importance in distinguishing samples and its correlation with Total Phenolic Compounds(TPC),enhancing comprehension of almond oil’s chemical composition and antioxidant properties.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis.This study investigated the anticancer effects of Dianthus orientalis extrac...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis.This study investigated the anticancer effects of Dianthus orientalis extracts on pancreatic cancer cell lines(Panc-1 and BxPC-3)with a focus on apoptosis,invasion,and metastasisrelated pathways.Chemical analysis using HPLC-MS/MS identified bioactive compounds(vanillic acid,syringic acid,p-coumaric acid,quercetin,hyperoxide)known for their anticancer properties.The Inhibitory Concentration 50(IC50)value,which is half maximal inhibitory concentration of cancer cells,was determined to be 250μg/mL at 48 h,and significantly induced apoptosis by decreasing anti-apoptotic gene expressions(Bcl-XL and Bcl-2)and increasing pro-apoptotic gene expressions(Casp3 and Bax)particularly in the Panc-1 cell line.Flow cytometric analysis revealed approximately 55%apoptosis in both cell lines.Molecular docking and dynamics analyses demonstrated strong binding affinities of quercetin and hyperoxide with important cancerrelated proteins,including CHEK2 and PALB2.Gene expression analysis demonstrated the upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers like Bax and Casp3,and selective modulation of metastasis-related genes such as SNAI1,PALB2,and CHEK2.The findings highlight the potential of D.orientalis to modulate DNA repair mechanisms and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)pathways.Furthermore,network pharmacology and in silico tools corroborated its interactions with critical signaling pathways in cancer progression,including PI3K-Akt and MAPK.The study provides the first comprehensive evidence of D.orientalis’s antiproliferative through apoptosis induction on pancreatic cancer cell lines,laying the groundwork for future therapeutic applications.展开更多
基金granted by the project PRIN 2022“Bioformulations for controlled release of botanical pesticides for sustainable agriculture”(prot.202274BK9L)supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)the Technology agency of the Czech Republic for its financial support concerning botanical pesticide(Project No.FW06010376).
文摘Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds,thus increasingly attracting research interest.Commiphora myrrha(T.Nees)Engl.(Burseraceae)is a medicinal plant whose oleo-gum resin is used in food,cosmetics,fragrances,and pharmaceuticals.Herein,the larvicidal potential of its essential oil(EO)was assessed on four mosquito species(Aedes albopictus Skuse,Ae.aegypti L.,Anopheles gambiae Giles and An.stephensi Liston),with LC_(50) values ranging from 4.42 to 16.80 μg/mL.The bio-guided EO fractionation identified furanosesquiterpenes as the main larvicidal compounds.A GC-MS-driven untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 32 affected metabolic pathways in treated larvae.The EO non-target toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus(LC_(50)=4.51 μL/L)and its cytotoxicity on a human kidney cell line(HEK293)(IC50 of 14.38 μg/mL)were also assessed.This study shows the potential of plant products as innovative insecticidal agents and lays the ground-work for the possible exploitation of C.myrrha EO in the sustainable approaches for mosquito management.
基金grateful to the Marche Region(Italy)for the financial support for this research project(Project:FPI400060 Assegno COVID19 RM)to Lavermicocca Funghi Spa(Macerata,Italy)for providing mushrooms.
文摘Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g dw),which can be converted into vitamin D_(2)(VD2)under ultraviolet irradiation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead to the production of inactive photoisomers decreasing the production yield of VD2.This study assesses the impact of UV irradiation conditions on the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin D2.The effects of various parameters were tested including the mushroom form(powder,extract,suspension),irradiation time(0–240 min),temperature(20–40℃),intensity(0.16–0.48 mW/cm^(2)),and agitation during UV-C irradiation.The mushroom extract was the most suitable mushroom form for VD_(2) production.Beyond VD_(2),other photoisomers(tachysterol and lumisterol),were detected through HPLC-APCI-MS and their levels increased with deep and prolonged irradiation.The highest VD_(2) levels(0.95–1.03 mg/g dw)were obtained by irradiating mushroom extracts with an intensity of 0.31 mW/cm^(2) for 10 min.These results highlight the potential of mushrooms for VD_(2) production through UV-C irradiation,which is accompanied by the formation of biologically-active photo-isomers.
基金funded by GAL“Colli Esini San Vicino”under PIANO DI SVILUPPO LOCALE 2014-2020,BANDO MISURA 19.2.16.2:Attivazione di progetti di innovazione tra imprese e mondo della ricerca e della consulenza nei settori“smart”.
文摘Grape pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds,mainly polyphenols,with different concentrations depending on several factors:grape variety,vinification procedures,even within the same cultivar variation may be due to the geographic regions and wine vintage.Therefore,phenolic,antioxidant,macro-and micro-nutritional composition of wine waste(pomace and seed)originating from Lacrima di Morro d’Alba red grape variety and pomace of Verdicchio white variety were evaluated for the first time.LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 32 phenolic compounds.The phenolic profile was different in pomace of both varieties:white grape pomaces showed the predominance of flavan-3-ols,while anthocyanins were predominant in red pomaces.Comparing seeds and pomace of Lacrima di Morro d’Alba,catechin and epicatechin are representative com-pounds in red grape seeds,while malvidin-3-galactoside and petunidin-3-glucoside are the most abundant compounds in pomace of all wineries.Highest TPC and antioxidant activities determined by UV-vis spectro-photometer were observed in seed samples.High dietary fibers,polyunsaturated fatty acids,minerals and protein contents were observed in all samples.Wine byproducts of both grape varieties appeared to be a good source of phenolic and nutritional compounds;therefore,they could be a cheap alternative for phenolics production and development of new functional foods.
文摘Leaves from Vitis vinifera L.represent the less studied and valorized wastes of grape crops and the winery industry.This study aims thus to perform for the first time a deepened assessment of the bioactive compounds in grapevine leaves.The detailed composition of main phytochemicals involved in the high antioxidant of grape leaves(2.20 g TE/100 g)was determined including carotenoids(lutein,β-carotene),tocopherols(αandɣ-tocopherol),polyphenols(phenolics acids,flavonoids),and phytosterols(β-sitosterol).In particular,high levels of lutein(0.3–1.0 g/kg)andα-tocopherol(0.2–1.2 g/kg)were observed.Moreover,the evolution of bioactive compounds during 7 harvesting times from July to October was also studied showing that the content of phytochemicals fluctuates according to the development stage of grape leaves.Phytosterols for example reached their highest levels in leaves in the later stage of maturation(T6–T7)with values around 169±40 mg/kg.
基金the financial support from the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research(CNRST).
文摘In this study,the effect of conventional roasting and the photo-oxidative stability of two cold-pressed peanut oil varieties(Virginia and Valencia)were investigated.Changes in the concentrations of the fatty acids(including trans isomers),minor components,nutritional quality,and antioxidant capacity were analyzed and compared.The evolution of the oxidation status was measured by peroxide value(PV),acid value(AV),p-anisidine value(p-AnV),UV-spectrophotometric indexes(E232 and E270),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and browning index(BI).Results showed a slight change in AV,while relevant primary and secondary lipid oxidation was detected,leading to an increase in PV,p-AnV,as well as E232 and E270 indexes during roasting and photo-oxidation.Furthermore,exposure to UV light resulted in a remarkable degradation of tocopherol(71.67-100%),while phytosterols were reduced by 0.16-6.68%.Roasting,on the other hand,resulted in a significant increase(p<0.05)in the content of phytosterols,tocopherols,chlorophyll,and carotenoid as well as antioxidant activity in peanut oil.In addition,Maillard reaction products(estimated by BI)also increased with roasting;afterward,these compounds gradually declined with UV light exposure.As for the fatty acid profile and nutritional indicators,a noticeable difference was observed between unroasted and roasted peanut oils throughout photo-oxidation.
基金The authors are thankful to the research supporting project number(RSP-2021/86),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Coffee arabica L.is an economical crop cultivated in many countries including Yemen.The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents of the methanolic extracts,prepared by maceration,of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties namely Esmaeli,Hamadi,Harazi,Mattari,Odaini and Yafei.Antioxidant(phosphomolybdenum,antiradical,reducing power and ferrous chelating),and enzyme inhibition activity of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase,tyrosinase,α-glucosidase,andα-amylase were also studied.Quantification of total phenols revealed that all green beans varieties were richer in their total polyphenolic(63.77-110.98 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract)content than their flavonoids one(2.86-5.57 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract).HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 30 selected bioactive compounds showed that all varieties had the same types of phytoconstituents with differences in their relative abundance.Caffeine(1613.89-2466.38μg/g)followed by 5-caffeoylquinic acid(1017.63-1313.39μg/g)were the dominant compounds in all varieties with caffeine more abundant in Esmaeli variety while 5-caffeoylquinic acid in Odaini variety.All varieties displayed a pronounced antioxidant property in all the in vitro assays with Odaini variety significantly(p<0.05)exerted the highest anti-DPPH radicals(253.96 mg Trolox equivalent(TE)/g),metal chelating(19.73 mg Disodium edetate equivalents/g),Cu^(2+)(441.11 mg TE/g)and Fe3+(221.04 mg TE/g)reducing activities.Furthermore,the majority of green coffee beans varieties showed comparable enzyme inhibition property with highest activity recorded against tyrosinase(39.35-46.96 mg kojic acid equivalents/g)and acetylcholinesterase(1.80-2.17 mg galanthamine equivalents/g)enzymes.In conclusion,all Yemeni green coffee beans varieties have proven to be rich source of biochemicals with beneficial impact on human health and could be of significant applications in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2024R706)at King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia for financial support。
文摘This study investigates almond oil parameters such as yield,fatty acids,peroxide value,and antioxidant activity over a 12-month storage period.Despite stable oil yields due to almond shells’protective properties,there are increases in free fatty acids and peroxide values,indicating oxidation.Iodine values mostly align with norms,but some exceed limits.Chlorophyll decreases while carotenoids increase during storage,possibly due to chlorophyll degradation.Oleic acid remains predominant in fatty acid composition,distinguishing sweet and bitter almonds.Alpha-tocopherol prevails,with storage affecting gamma and beta tocopherol.Polyphenol content decreases over time,differing between almond types.DPPH and ABTS tests reflect antioxidant activity changes similarly.Bitter almonds yield higher extraction yields and phenolic compounds.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)elucidates variable relationships.Almond oil samples are classified into three groups based on quality and antioxidant properties.CHAID analysis emphasizes DPPH’s importance in distinguishing samples and its correlation with Total Phenolic Compounds(TPC),enhancing comprehension of almond oil’s chemical composition and antioxidant properties.
基金funded by Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Projects Research Coordination Department(project number:28TU18020).
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis.This study investigated the anticancer effects of Dianthus orientalis extracts on pancreatic cancer cell lines(Panc-1 and BxPC-3)with a focus on apoptosis,invasion,and metastasisrelated pathways.Chemical analysis using HPLC-MS/MS identified bioactive compounds(vanillic acid,syringic acid,p-coumaric acid,quercetin,hyperoxide)known for their anticancer properties.The Inhibitory Concentration 50(IC50)value,which is half maximal inhibitory concentration of cancer cells,was determined to be 250μg/mL at 48 h,and significantly induced apoptosis by decreasing anti-apoptotic gene expressions(Bcl-XL and Bcl-2)and increasing pro-apoptotic gene expressions(Casp3 and Bax)particularly in the Panc-1 cell line.Flow cytometric analysis revealed approximately 55%apoptosis in both cell lines.Molecular docking and dynamics analyses demonstrated strong binding affinities of quercetin and hyperoxide with important cancerrelated proteins,including CHEK2 and PALB2.Gene expression analysis demonstrated the upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers like Bax and Casp3,and selective modulation of metastasis-related genes such as SNAI1,PALB2,and CHEK2.The findings highlight the potential of D.orientalis to modulate DNA repair mechanisms and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)pathways.Furthermore,network pharmacology and in silico tools corroborated its interactions with critical signaling pathways in cancer progression,including PI3K-Akt and MAPK.The study provides the first comprehensive evidence of D.orientalis’s antiproliferative through apoptosis induction on pancreatic cancer cell lines,laying the groundwork for future therapeutic applications.
