Selective recovery of lithium from spent cathodes is an attractive,green and efficient recycling method for spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,current technologies face numerous challenges including high reagen...Selective recovery of lithium from spent cathodes is an attractive,green and efficient recycling method for spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,current technologies face numerous challenges including high reagent consumption,limited versatility and significant secondary pollution.In this study,we found that an intermediate phase formed during leaching exhibited high physiochemical stability,which hindered leaching of Li+and led to increased reagent and energy consumption.A simple mechanical activation strategy was used to change the intermediate phase of the leaching process by activating the spent cathode without grinding additives.The energy input of the mechanical force resulted in defects in the activated waste,leading to a novel activated intermediate phases.Through experimental characterization and DFT analyses,this novel intermediate phase containing H+was found to have a large specific surface area,large internal stress and low reaction energy,which enabled the leaching of the Li+.As a result,the method showed a high utilization efficiency of H+in recycling most spent cathodes.In the end,we established a closed-loop recovery route for spent LIBs that exhibited exceptional efficiency for H+utilization(>97%),obviated the need for auxiliary reagents,and substantially reduced secondary pollutant generation.展开更多
The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach...The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach standards.This paper aims to develop a comprehensive cost combined environmental impact assessment method that is necessary for the analysis of wastewater treatment systems.Typical three coking wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated.Results showed that eutrophication dominantly contributed to the overall environmental effect.Improving effluent quality could significantly reduce the total environmental impact.In terms of an economic perspective,the price of raw materials was the main factor that affected the operating cost of comprehensive treatment.Based on subsystem analysis,the pretreatment stage accounted for the majority of environmental and cost burdens,respectively reaching 64%-78%and 64%-86%.Optimizing the pretreatment process by enhancing the efficiency of high concentration raw material recovery and substituting toxic raw materials for extractant could reduce the environmental impact and economic cost by 43.8%and 57%,respectively,which was an effective way to improve the potential performance of coking wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51934006)14th Five-year Information Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Construction of Scientific Data Center System(WX145XQ07-12)Self-deployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E055A002).
文摘Selective recovery of lithium from spent cathodes is an attractive,green and efficient recycling method for spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,current technologies face numerous challenges including high reagent consumption,limited versatility and significant secondary pollution.In this study,we found that an intermediate phase formed during leaching exhibited high physiochemical stability,which hindered leaching of Li+and led to increased reagent and energy consumption.A simple mechanical activation strategy was used to change the intermediate phase of the leaching process by activating the spent cathode without grinding additives.The energy input of the mechanical force resulted in defects in the activated waste,leading to a novel activated intermediate phases.Through experimental characterization and DFT analyses,this novel intermediate phase containing H+was found to have a large specific surface area,large internal stress and low reaction energy,which enabled the leaching of the Li+.As a result,the method showed a high utilization efficiency of H+in recycling most spent cathodes.In the end,we established a closed-loop recovery route for spent LIBs that exhibited exceptional efficiency for H+utilization(>97%),obviated the need for auxiliary reagents,and substantially reduced secondary pollutant generation.
基金funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978643)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA21021102)+2 种基金14th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Construction of Scientific Data Center System(WX145XQ07-12)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y201814)the National Youth Talent Support Program of China
文摘The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach standards.This paper aims to develop a comprehensive cost combined environmental impact assessment method that is necessary for the analysis of wastewater treatment systems.Typical three coking wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated.Results showed that eutrophication dominantly contributed to the overall environmental effect.Improving effluent quality could significantly reduce the total environmental impact.In terms of an economic perspective,the price of raw materials was the main factor that affected the operating cost of comprehensive treatment.Based on subsystem analysis,the pretreatment stage accounted for the majority of environmental and cost burdens,respectively reaching 64%-78%and 64%-86%.Optimizing the pretreatment process by enhancing the efficiency of high concentration raw material recovery and substituting toxic raw materials for extractant could reduce the environmental impact and economic cost by 43.8%and 57%,respectively,which was an effective way to improve the potential performance of coking wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).
