Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human soci...Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human society with zero-carbon emissions.However,nitrogen photoreduction currently faces the challenges of poor activation ability and low yield,and it is still challenging to unravel the intertwined problems in this field and provide direction for its development due to the complex reaction mechanism and multidisciplinary aspects such as photochemistry,catalysis,interface science,and technology.This review focuses on capturing the latest advances in photocatalytic nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion,delving into fundamental principles regarding the process,efficient photocatalysts for practical ammonia synthesis,and well-designed catalytic environments.Besides,this article provides insightful guidelines for analyzing complicated reaction mechanisms and identifying key bottlenecks or specific rate-determining steps,such as reactant activation,interfacial reaction engineering,and hydrogen evolution side reactions.By integrating perspectives from atomic mechanisms,nanoscale photocatalysts,microscale interfacial engineering,and macroscale reaction system design,this review advances the development of nitrogen photoreduction from proof-of-concept discoveries to viable solar-to-chemical conversion technologies,while also providing a valuable entry point for researchers into this burgeoning field.展开更多
Active non-noble metal catalysts plays a decisive role for water electrolysis,however,the rational design and development of cost-efficient electrocatalysts with Pt/IrO2-like activity is still a challenging task.Herei...Active non-noble metal catalysts plays a decisive role for water electrolysis,however,the rational design and development of cost-efficient electrocatalysts with Pt/IrO2-like activity is still a challenging task.Herein,a facile one-step electrodeposition route in deep eutectic solvents(DESs) is developed for morphology-controllable synthesis of cobalt oxide/phosphate-carbon nano hybrids on nickel foam(CoPO@C/NF).A series of CoPO@C/NF nanostructures including cubes,octahedrons,microspheres and nanoflowers are synthesized,which show promising electrocatalytic properties toward oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions(OER/HER).Such surface self-organized microstructure with accessible active sites make a significant contribution to the enhanced electrochemical activity,and hybridizing cobalt oxide with cobalt pyrophosphates and carbon can result in enhanced OER performance through synergistic catalysis.Among all nanostructures,the obtained microspherical CoPO@C/NF-3 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activities for OER and HER in 1.0 M KOH,affording an anodic current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at overpotentials of 293 mV for OER and 93 mV for HER,with good long-time stability.This work offers a practical route for engineering the high-performance electrocatalysts towards efficient energy conversion and storage devices.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics,making it a valuable ma-terial for use in photoelectric conversion devices,an accelerator for synthesis of organic com...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics,making it a valuable ma-terial for use in photoelectric conversion devices,an accelerator for synthesis of organic compounds,an electrolyte for fuel cell applications or power sources,and a hydrogen storage substance and a fluorescence detector.It is fabricated using dif-ferent methods,and there is a variety of morphologies and nanostructures such as zero to three dimensions that have been designed for different purposes.Ther e are many reports about g-C_(3)N_(4) in recent years,but a comprehensive review which covers nanostructure dimensions and their properties are missing.This review paper aims to give basic and comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic usages of g-C_(3)N_(4).It highlights the recent progress of g-C_(3)N_(4) nano-structure designing by covering synthesis methods,dimensions,morphologies,applications and properties.Along with the summary,we will also discuss the challenges and prospects.Scientists,investigators,and engineers looking at g-C_(3)N_(4) nanostructures for a variety of applications might find our review paper to be a useful resource.展开更多
The authors regret<an error occurred regarding the spelling of the author’s name in the final published manuscript.The correct spelling is Jingtao Bi,but it was mistakenly published as Jingtai Bi.We hereby request...The authors regret<an error occurred regarding the spelling of the author’s name in the final published manuscript.The correct spelling is Jingtao Bi,but it was mistakenly published as Jingtai Bi.We hereby request to correct the name to Jingtao Bi as originally intended.>.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
To address the issues of low strength,poor economic efficiency,and high carbon emissions associated with traditional sludge solidifiers,this study employs coal gangue(CG),a byproduct of coal production,and granulated ...To address the issues of low strength,poor economic efficiency,and high carbon emissions associated with traditional sludge solidifiers,this study employs coal gangue(CG),a byproduct of coal production,and granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS)to prepare geopolymer cementitious materials for sludge solidification.The effects of the solidifier mix ratio,coal gangue calcination temperature,and alkali activator modulus on the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soil after 7 and 28 days of curing were investigated.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were conducted on the stabilized soil to explore the relationship between strength,electrochemical parameters,and microstructure.The results indicate that when the ratio of coal gangue to slag is 2.5:7.5,the calcination temperature of coal gangue is 750℃,and the modulus of water glass is 1.1;meanwhile,the stabilized soil exhibits high strength.The electrochemical parameters were used to qualitatively characterize the ionic concentration in the pore solution as the degree of soil adhesion and the hydration level during the solidification process.Stabilized soil with higher hydration and strength exhibited a distinct capacitive arc,with deeper hydration resulting in a rightward shift of the curve's intercept on the horizontal axis.This study demonstrates the applicability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in evaluating the solidification effectiveness of alkali-activated calcined coal gangue-blast furnace slag sludge.展开更多
Introducing ligand into the surface of gold(Au)-based catalyst has been recognized as an efficient strategy to enhance the performance of catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.However,due to the multifactor...Introducing ligand into the surface of gold(Au)-based catalyst has been recognized as an efficient strategy to enhance the performance of catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.However,due to the multifactorial deactivation,the usage of single type of ligand has limitations on the performance improvement.In this work,two types of ligands including a molecular 2-methylimidazole and an ionic cetrimonium are selected to protect Au^(n+)species.After kinetics analysis,advanced characterization,and density functional theory simulation,we demonstrate the optimal interaction model between two ligands and Au species:Two 2-methylimidazole molecules are coordinated with high-valent Au species while cetrimonium is interacted via electrostatic interaction.Except the synergistic effect in the decrease of Au species reduction and agglomeration,the existence of molecular ligand greatly increases the adsorption of hydrogen chloride while the ionic ligand significantly inhibits the deposition of coke.Due to the positive effect of dual-ligands,we achieved 97.1%of acetylene conversion and 0.29 h^(−1) of deactivation rate under high gas hourly space velocity of acetylene.This work establishes a foundation to explore the property-activity relationships in Au-based catalyst via ligand engineering.展开更多
In pursuit of meeting the demands for the next generation of high energy density and flexible electronic products,there is a growing interest in flexible energy storage devices.Silicon(Si)stands out as a promising ele...In pursuit of meeting the demands for the next generation of high energy density and flexible electronic products,there is a growing interest in flexible energy storage devices.Silicon(Si)stands out as a promising electrode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity(~3579 mA h g^(-1)),low lithiation potential(~0.40 V),and abundance in nature.We have successfully developed freestanding and flexible CNT/Si/low-melting-point metal(LM)electrodes,which obviate the need for conductive additives,adhesives,and thereby increase the energy density of the device.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the CNT/Si/LM electrode demonstrates remarkable cycling stability and rate performance,achieving a reversible capacity of 1871.8 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).In-situ XRD and in-situ thickness analysis are employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms during the lithiation/delithiation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further substantiate the mechanism by which LM enhances the electrochemical performance of Si,focusing on the aspects of stress mitigation and reduction of the diffusion energy barrier.This research introduces a novel approach to flexible electrode design by integrating CNT films,LM,and Si,thereby charting a path forward for the development of next-generation flexible LIBs.展开更多
Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their pract...Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their practical application for hydrogen production from water in photoelectrochemical systems.Here,an in-situ photo-oxidation method is proposed for achieving self-adapting activation of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes with surface-encapsulated CuGaS_(2)particles by the ZnO layer.The self-adapting activation demotes the energy band positions of CuGaS_(2),establishing an S-scheme structure with BiVO_(4),resulting in an efficient p-n junction photoanode.The optimal sample exhibits enhanced photocurrent and an onset potential cathodically shifted by~300 mV compared with BiVO_(4),which is attributed to significantly enhanced charge transport and transfer efficiencies.As expected,it attains the highest photocurrent value of 5.87 mA·cm^(-2),aided by a hole scavenger at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode,which significantly surpasses that of BiVO_(4)(4.32 mA·cm^(-2)).展开更多
KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to eva...KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).展开更多
The liquid-only transfer dividing wall column(LDWC)offers a promising path for industrializing dividing wall columns by simplifying vapor split control.However,their energy efficiency is insufficient due to the additi...The liquid-only transfer dividing wall column(LDWC)offers a promising path for industrializing dividing wall columns by simplifying vapor split control.However,their energy efficiency is insufficient due to the addition of heat at the bottom and its removal at the top.Therefore,developing an effective strategy to enhance the energy efficiency of the entire LDWC system is crucial.This work investigates the intensification of LDWC based on the column grand composite curve(CGCC)and thermodynamic analysis,proposing a novel intensification strategy to improve energy efficiency effectively.An optimization model with four blocks is developed to minimize the total annual cost(TAC)of the intensified LDWC.Energy,exergy,economic,and environmental analyses are used to evaluate its performance.Ternary mixtures with different easy separation indexes(ESI)are selected as illustrative examples.For mixtures with ESI≤1,the optimal configuration involves partial feed preheating,compressors and intermediate reboilers on both side sections,along with optimized operating pressure.This setup leads to significant reductions in total energy consumption,TAC,and gas emissions by 43.80%,28.08%,and 42.85%for ESI=1,and by 46.17%,29.06%,and 45.35%for ESI<1,respectively,when compared to conventional distillation sequences(CDS).For mixtures with ESI>1,the best performance is achieved by implementing partial feed preheating and modifications only to the right section.This results in reductions of 21.64%in energy consumption,16.26%in TAC,and 21.51%in gas emissions when compared to CDS.In all cases,the optimal configurations show the lowest lost work and minimum work,indicating an improved thermodynamic performance.展开更多
This study investigates the droplet formation for the liquid–liquid two-phase flow within a square T-junction microchannel through numerical simulation using volume of fluid method and experimental visualization usin...This study investigates the droplet formation for the liquid–liquid two-phase flow within a square T-junction microchannel through numerical simulation using volume of fluid method and experimental visualization using high-speed camera imaging.The T-junction microchannel has a cross-sectional width of 0.6 mm and a total length of 27.3 mm.The solution of cyclohexane with 2%and 3%mass concentrations of sorbitan trioleate surfactant were used as the continuous phase,and water was used as the dispersed phase.Slug flow,characteristic of squeezing regime,were predominantly observed.The effects of liquid–liquid two-phase flow rate ratio,and dimensionless number on droplet size,and pressure drop were investigated.The squeezing regime was mapped for 0.0005≤Ca_(c)≤0.0052(capillary number)and 0.1≤q≤10(flow rate ratio).The pressure drops of slugs were in the range from 40 Pa to 200 Pa.The slug lengths were measured between 1 mm and 9 mm.A universal flow map dependent on Ca_(c)Re_(d)^(0.5) are projected to investigate the droplet formation behavior in T-junction microchannel.Correlation expressions are proposed to predict pressure drops and the slug lengths for liquid–liquid two-phase flow in a square T-junction microchannel,using dimensionless numbers such as flow rate ratio and capillary number.The result shows that large continuous phase flow rates facilitate smaller slugs,whereas higher dispersed phase flow rates result in longer shorts.展开更多
Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active ...Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active intermediate for hydrocarbon synthesis.Despite significant progress in methanol-to-hydrocarbon(MTH)conversion,a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms remains essential to enhance catalyst design and industrial applicability.This review critically synthesizes recent advances in mechanistic insights related to methanol conversion and methanol-mediated catalytic processes.Firstly,we systematically outline key reaction pathways involved in initial carbon–carbon(C–C)bond formation through direct and indirect mechanisms,emphasizing significant breakthroughs from spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations.Subsequently,we highlight the autocatalytic characteristics and dual-cycle mechanisms underlying MTH processes,critically evaluating the roles of zeolite structures,pore sizes,topology,and acidity in governing product selectivity and catalyst stability.Additionally,we discuss cutting-edge developments in tandem catalytic systems employing methanol as a pivotal intermediate for CO_(x)hydrogenation,emphasizing the transferable mechanistic principles and catalytic insights.Finally,we identify future research directions,including elucidating precise hydrocarbon pool(HCP)intermediates,optimizing zeolite structures through computational-guided design,and developing robust catalytic systems leveraging advanced characterization methods and artificial intelligence.By integrating multidisciplinary approaches from catalytic science,materials engineering,and reaction engineering,this review provides actionable guidance towards rational design and optimization of advanced catalytic systems for efficient methanol conversion processes.展开更多
Cation disordering is a common issue in Ni-rich cathodes that significantly degrades cycle life and compromises safety.The cubic rock-salt phase formation and the slow oxidation kinetics of Ni^(2+)during solid-state s...Cation disordering is a common issue in Ni-rich cathodes that significantly degrades cycle life and compromises safety.The cubic rock-salt phase formation and the slow oxidation kinetics of Ni^(2+)during solid-state sintering are widely recognized as the principal causes of these structural defects.To solve this issue,a topotactic soft-chemical precursor engineering strategy is proposed for use in aqueous solution.By utilizing the layered structure of the precursor,this method allows for selective proton extraction and efficient Ni^(2+)oxidation,along with rapid Li+intercalation to form a layered lithiated intermediate.This intermediate crystallizes without further phase transitions during subsequent heat treatment,preventing structural defects caused by complex phase evolution and slow ion diffusion.The resulting cathode exhibits a long-range ordered layered structure and a uniform phase distribution,enabling efficient Li+insertion and extraction.Electrochemical tests reveal a high discharge capacity of 229.6 mAh g^(−1)and an initial coulombic efficiency of 95.77%at 0.1 C,greatly exceeding the performance of a conventionally synthesized cathode(210.3 mAh g^(−1),88.93%).Improved Li^(+)transport kinetics reduces phase-transition hysteresis and alleviates stress concentration,resulting in better cycling stability with a capacity retention of 85.3%after 300 cycles,compared to 61.5%for the conventional sample.This work presents a scalable and effective synthesis route for Ni-rich cathodes with reduced structural disorder and extended lifespan,providing valuable insights into how the regulation of intermediate phases influences electrochemical performance in high-performance Ni-rich cathodes.展开更多
Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient ...Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient and effective energy conversion and storage. The booming development of nanotechnology affords emerging but effective tools in designing advanced energy material. We reviewed the significant progress and dominated nanostructured energy materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors. The use of nanostructured electrocatalyst for effective electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions for fuel cells and metal-air batteries was also included. The challenges in the undesirable side reactions between electrolytes and electrode due to high electrode/electrolyte contact area, low volumetric energy density of electrode owing to low tap density, and uniform production of complex energy materials in working devices should be overcome to fully demonstrate the advanced energy nanostructures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The energy chemistry at the interfaces of nanostructured electrode/electrolyte is highly expected to guide the rational design and full demonstration of energy materials in a working device. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,the...Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,they cannot further satisfy the increasing demands of portable electronics,electric vehicles,and grids.Therefore,battery chemistries beyond LIBs are being widely investigated.Next-generation lithium(Li)batteries,which employ Li metal as the anode and intercalation or conversion materials as the cathode,receive the most intensive interest due to their high energy density and excellent potential for commercialization.Moreover,significant progress has been achieved in Li batteries attributed to the increasing fundamental understanding of the materials and reactions,as well as to technological improvement.This review starts by summarizing the electrolytes for next-generation Li batteries.Key challenges and recent progress in lithium-ion,lithium–sulfur,and lithium–oxygen batteries are then reviewed from the perspective of energy and chemical engineering science.Finally,possible directions for further development in Li batteries are presented.Next-generation Li batteries are expected to promote the sustainable development of human civilization.展开更多
Nitrobenzene-containing industrial wastewater was degraded in the presence of ozone coupled with H2O2 by high gravity technology. The effect of high gravity factor, H2O2 concentration, pH value, liquid flow-rate, and ...Nitrobenzene-containing industrial wastewater was degraded in the presence of ozone coupled with H2O2 by high gravity technology. The effect of high gravity factor, H2O2 concentration, pH value, liquid flow-rate, and reaction time on the efficiency for removal of nitrobenzene was investigated. The experimental results show that the high gravity technology enhances the ozone utilization efficiency with O3/H202 showing synergistic effect. The degradation efficiency in terms of the COD removal rate and nitrobenzene removal rate reached 45.8% and 50.4%, respectively, under the following reaction conditions, viz.： a high gravity factor of 66.54, a pH value of 9, a H2O2/O3 molar ratio of 1：1, a liquid flow rate of 140 L/h, an ozone concentration of 40 rag/L, a H2O2 multiple dosing mode of 6 mL/h, and a reaction time of 4 h. Compared with the performance of conventional stirred aeration mixers, the high gravity technology could increase the COD and nitrobenzene removal rate related with the nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively.展开更多
The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide ...The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide important information for the design of an effective wastewater treatment process. The objective of this paper was to investigate particle size distribution(PSD), biodegradability, and the chemical composition of the petrochemical wastewater discharges. For this purpose, this project selected the petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhongjie Petrochemical Co, Ltd. as the analysis objects.The step-by-step filtration method, along with a molecular weight classification method, was selected to build the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) fingerprints of petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater. The results showed that the main pollutants were settleable particles in petrochemical wastewater, which contributed to over 54.85% of the total COD. The colloidal particles with particle sizes in the range of 450–1000 nm had the highest COD value in the treated wastewater, which contributed34.17% of the total COD of treated wastewater. The results of the BOD analysis showed that the soluble fractions were the main reason that treated wastewaters did not meet the treatment standards. Tests on the organic compounds in petrochemical wastewater found that there were mainly linear paraffins, branched paraffins, benzene series compounds, and some plasticizers in the influent of the petrochemical wastewater. The most abundant pollutants in treated petrochemical wastewater were the adjacent diisobutyl phthalate and the linear alkanes.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmission spectroscopy analysis showed that the settleable particles of petrochemical wastewater and membrane bioreactor(MBR)-treated wastewater contained multiple types of organic substances. The results also indicated that removing the oil-settleable substances, the colloidal particles(450–1000 nm), and the soluble organics will be necessary for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.展开更多
The development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels.However,the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming,cost-intensive,and limited to the operat...The development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels.However,the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming,cost-intensive,and limited to the operating conditions.The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly infl uenced by chemical composition.Thus,a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future.This work summarized the eff ects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties,including density,net heat of combustion(NHOC),low-temperature fl uidity(viscosity and freezing point),fl ash point,and thermal-oxidative stability.Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed.Additionally,we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios(n H/C)and molecular weight(M).The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density,NHOC,viscosity and eff ectiveness for the design,manufacture,and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.展开更多
Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)provides a clean and safe technology for large-scale H2 O2 production.The core of this project is the development of highly active and highly selective catalysts.Re...Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)provides a clean and safe technology for large-scale H2 O2 production.The core of this project is the development of highly active and highly selective catalysts.Recent studies demonstrate that carbonaceous materials are favorable catalysts because of their low-cost and tunable surface structures.This brief review first summarizes the strategies of carbonaceous material engineering for selective two-electron O2 reduction reaction and discusses potential mechanisms.In addition,several device designs using carbonaceous materials as catalysts for H2 O2 production are introduced.Finally,research directions are proposed for practical application and performance improvement.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.Ho...All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.However,scalable fabrication of sheet-type sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading and excellent performances remains challenging.In this work,sheet-type freestanding sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading were fabricated by dry electrode technology.The unique fibrous morphologies of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binders in dry electrodes not only provides excellent mechanical properties but also uncompromised ionic/electronic conductance.Even employed with thickened dry cathodes with high sulfur loading of 2 mg cm^(-2),ASSLSBs still exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability.Moreover,the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur monolayer pouch cells(9.2 m Ah)were also demonstrated and exhibited excellent safety under a harsh test situation.This work verifies the potential of dry electrode technology in the scalable fabrication of thickened sulfur cathodes and will promote the practical applications of ASSLSBs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Energy Green Hydrogen Refining Research&Development Center,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22476222)Natural Science Funds of Guangdong for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2022B1515020098).
文摘Green ammonia,produced by harnessing renewable solar energy to split nitrogen,plays a pivotal role in both agricultural practices and forthcoming energy configurations,driving the sustainable development of human society with zero-carbon emissions.However,nitrogen photoreduction currently faces the challenges of poor activation ability and low yield,and it is still challenging to unravel the intertwined problems in this field and provide direction for its development due to the complex reaction mechanism and multidisciplinary aspects such as photochemistry,catalysis,interface science,and technology.This review focuses on capturing the latest advances in photocatalytic nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion,delving into fundamental principles regarding the process,efficient photocatalysts for practical ammonia synthesis,and well-designed catalytic environments.Besides,this article provides insightful guidelines for analyzing complicated reaction mechanisms and identifying key bottlenecks or specific rate-determining steps,such as reactant activation,interfacial reaction engineering,and hydrogen evolution side reactions.By integrating perspectives from atomic mechanisms,nanoscale photocatalysts,microscale interfacial engineering,and macroscale reaction system design,this review advances the development of nitrogen photoreduction from proof-of-concept discoveries to viable solar-to-chemical conversion technologies,while also providing a valuable entry point for researchers into this burgeoning field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21421001, 21875118)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Autonomous Region (2016D01A009)+1 种基金the 111 project (B12015)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering (2020-KF-22)。
文摘Active non-noble metal catalysts plays a decisive role for water electrolysis,however,the rational design and development of cost-efficient electrocatalysts with Pt/IrO2-like activity is still a challenging task.Herein,a facile one-step electrodeposition route in deep eutectic solvents(DESs) is developed for morphology-controllable synthesis of cobalt oxide/phosphate-carbon nano hybrids on nickel foam(CoPO@C/NF).A series of CoPO@C/NF nanostructures including cubes,octahedrons,microspheres and nanoflowers are synthesized,which show promising electrocatalytic properties toward oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions(OER/HER).Such surface self-organized microstructure with accessible active sites make a significant contribution to the enhanced electrochemical activity,and hybridizing cobalt oxide with cobalt pyrophosphates and carbon can result in enhanced OER performance through synergistic catalysis.Among all nanostructures,the obtained microspherical CoPO@C/NF-3 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activities for OER and HER in 1.0 M KOH,affording an anodic current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at overpotentials of 293 mV for OER and 93 mV for HER,with good long-time stability.This work offers a practical route for engineering the high-performance electrocatalysts towards efficient energy conversion and storage devices.
基金M Tahir is funded by EU H2020 Marie Skłodows-ka-Curie Fellowship(1439425).
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics,making it a valuable ma-terial for use in photoelectric conversion devices,an accelerator for synthesis of organic compounds,an electrolyte for fuel cell applications or power sources,and a hydrogen storage substance and a fluorescence detector.It is fabricated using dif-ferent methods,and there is a variety of morphologies and nanostructures such as zero to three dimensions that have been designed for different purposes.Ther e are many reports about g-C_(3)N_(4) in recent years,but a comprehensive review which covers nanostructure dimensions and their properties are missing.This review paper aims to give basic and comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic usages of g-C_(3)N_(4).It highlights the recent progress of g-C_(3)N_(4) nano-structure designing by covering synthesis methods,dimensions,morphologies,applications and properties.Along with the summary,we will also discuss the challenges and prospects.Scientists,investigators,and engineers looking at g-C_(3)N_(4) nanostructures for a variety of applications might find our review paper to be a useful resource.
文摘The authors regret<an error occurred regarding the spelling of the author’s name in the final published manuscript.The correct spelling is Jingtao Bi,but it was mistakenly published as Jingtai Bi.We hereby request to correct the name to Jingtao Bi as originally intended.>.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807256)the Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation(Nos.202203021211136,20210302123139,20210302124613)。
文摘To address the issues of low strength,poor economic efficiency,and high carbon emissions associated with traditional sludge solidifiers,this study employs coal gangue(CG),a byproduct of coal production,and granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS)to prepare geopolymer cementitious materials for sludge solidification.The effects of the solidifier mix ratio,coal gangue calcination temperature,and alkali activator modulus on the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soil after 7 and 28 days of curing were investigated.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were conducted on the stabilized soil to explore the relationship between strength,electrochemical parameters,and microstructure.The results indicate that when the ratio of coal gangue to slag is 2.5:7.5,the calcination temperature of coal gangue is 750℃,and the modulus of water glass is 1.1;meanwhile,the stabilized soil exhibits high strength.The electrochemical parameters were used to qualitatively characterize the ionic concentration in the pore solution as the degree of soil adhesion and the hydration level during the solidification process.Stabilized soil with higher hydration and strength exhibited a distinct capacitive arc,with deeper hydration resulting in a rightward shift of the curve's intercept on the horizontal axis.This study demonstrates the applicability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in evaluating the solidification effectiveness of alkali-activated calcined coal gangue-blast furnace slag sludge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068031)Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Science and Technology Project(No.YPML-2022050237)+4 种基金Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Precious Metal Laboratory(No.YPML-2023050202)the Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Bingtuan supported by Central Government(No.2022BC001)Tianshan Talents Training Program of Xinjiang Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2022TSYCTD0021)the Start-Up Foundation for Young Scientists of Shihezi University(No.RCZK202419)the Project of Achievement Transformation and Technology Extension of Shihezi University(No.CGZH202302)。
文摘Introducing ligand into the surface of gold(Au)-based catalyst has been recognized as an efficient strategy to enhance the performance of catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.However,due to the multifactorial deactivation,the usage of single type of ligand has limitations on the performance improvement.In this work,two types of ligands including a molecular 2-methylimidazole and an ionic cetrimonium are selected to protect Au^(n+)species.After kinetics analysis,advanced characterization,and density functional theory simulation,we demonstrate the optimal interaction model between two ligands and Au species:Two 2-methylimidazole molecules are coordinated with high-valent Au species while cetrimonium is interacted via electrostatic interaction.Except the synergistic effect in the decrease of Au species reduction and agglomeration,the existence of molecular ligand greatly increases the adsorption of hydrogen chloride while the ionic ligand significantly inhibits the deposition of coke.Due to the positive effect of dual-ligands,we achieved 97.1%of acetylene conversion and 0.29 h^(−1) of deactivation rate under high gas hourly space velocity of acetylene.This work establishes a foundation to explore the property-activity relationships in Au-based catalyst via ligand engineering.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279070).
文摘In pursuit of meeting the demands for the next generation of high energy density and flexible electronic products,there is a growing interest in flexible energy storage devices.Silicon(Si)stands out as a promising electrode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity(~3579 mA h g^(-1)),low lithiation potential(~0.40 V),and abundance in nature.We have successfully developed freestanding and flexible CNT/Si/low-melting-point metal(LM)electrodes,which obviate the need for conductive additives,adhesives,and thereby increase the energy density of the device.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the CNT/Si/LM electrode demonstrates remarkable cycling stability and rate performance,achieving a reversible capacity of 1871.8 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).In-situ XRD and in-situ thickness analysis are employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms during the lithiation/delithiation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further substantiate the mechanism by which LM enhances the electrochemical performance of Si,focusing on the aspects of stress mitigation and reduction of the diffusion energy barrier.This research introduces a novel approach to flexible electrode design by integrating CNT films,LM,and Si,thereby charting a path forward for the development of next-generation flexible LIBs.
基金supported by the open fund from Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment(Shenyang University),Ministry of Education(No.KF-22-08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22003074 and 42177406)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011410)S.Liu gratefully acknowledges the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302223).
文摘Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their practical application for hydrogen production from water in photoelectrochemical systems.Here,an in-situ photo-oxidation method is proposed for achieving self-adapting activation of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes with surface-encapsulated CuGaS_(2)particles by the ZnO layer.The self-adapting activation demotes the energy band positions of CuGaS_(2),establishing an S-scheme structure with BiVO_(4),resulting in an efficient p-n junction photoanode.The optimal sample exhibits enhanced photocurrent and an onset potential cathodically shifted by~300 mV compared with BiVO_(4),which is attributed to significantly enhanced charge transport and transfer efficiencies.As expected,it attains the highest photocurrent value of 5.87 mA·cm^(-2),aided by a hole scavenger at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode,which significantly surpasses that of BiVO_(4)(4.32 mA·cm^(-2)).
基金Supported by the Autonomous Research Project of SKLCC(2024BWZ003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390401)the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Shanxi Institute of Technology(026012).
文摘KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B6016)the Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan(“111 Plan”)(No.B23025)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The liquid-only transfer dividing wall column(LDWC)offers a promising path for industrializing dividing wall columns by simplifying vapor split control.However,their energy efficiency is insufficient due to the addition of heat at the bottom and its removal at the top.Therefore,developing an effective strategy to enhance the energy efficiency of the entire LDWC system is crucial.This work investigates the intensification of LDWC based on the column grand composite curve(CGCC)and thermodynamic analysis,proposing a novel intensification strategy to improve energy efficiency effectively.An optimization model with four blocks is developed to minimize the total annual cost(TAC)of the intensified LDWC.Energy,exergy,economic,and environmental analyses are used to evaluate its performance.Ternary mixtures with different easy separation indexes(ESI)are selected as illustrative examples.For mixtures with ESI≤1,the optimal configuration involves partial feed preheating,compressors and intermediate reboilers on both side sections,along with optimized operating pressure.This setup leads to significant reductions in total energy consumption,TAC,and gas emissions by 43.80%,28.08%,and 42.85%for ESI=1,and by 46.17%,29.06%,and 45.35%for ESI<1,respectively,when compared to conventional distillation sequences(CDS).For mixtures with ESI>1,the best performance is achieved by implementing partial feed preheating and modifications only to the right section.This results in reductions of 21.64%in energy consumption,16.26%in TAC,and 21.51%in gas emissions when compared to CDS.In all cases,the optimal configurations show the lowest lost work and minimum work,indicating an improved thermodynamic performance.
基金supports for this project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378295).
文摘This study investigates the droplet formation for the liquid–liquid two-phase flow within a square T-junction microchannel through numerical simulation using volume of fluid method and experimental visualization using high-speed camera imaging.The T-junction microchannel has a cross-sectional width of 0.6 mm and a total length of 27.3 mm.The solution of cyclohexane with 2%and 3%mass concentrations of sorbitan trioleate surfactant were used as the continuous phase,and water was used as the dispersed phase.Slug flow,characteristic of squeezing regime,were predominantly observed.The effects of liquid–liquid two-phase flow rate ratio,and dimensionless number on droplet size,and pressure drop were investigated.The squeezing regime was mapped for 0.0005≤Ca_(c)≤0.0052(capillary number)and 0.1≤q≤10(flow rate ratio).The pressure drops of slugs were in the range from 40 Pa to 200 Pa.The slug lengths were measured between 1 mm and 9 mm.A universal flow map dependent on Ca_(c)Re_(d)^(0.5) are projected to investigate the droplet formation behavior in T-junction microchannel.Correlation expressions are proposed to predict pressure drops and the slug lengths for liquid–liquid two-phase flow in a square T-junction microchannel,using dimensionless numbers such as flow rate ratio and capillary number.The result shows that large continuous phase flow rates facilitate smaller slugs,whereas higher dispersed phase flow rates result in longer shorts.
基金the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2023ZD05,2025JQ028,2025MS02001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278238,22238004)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0211400)the Major Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(20212120326)the“Elite Talents Revitalize Inner Mongolia”Initiative–Tier-1 Talent Team(202410)the Ordos Science and Technology Breakthrough(JBGS2024003),and Ordos Laboratory for their financial support.
文摘Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active intermediate for hydrocarbon synthesis.Despite significant progress in methanol-to-hydrocarbon(MTH)conversion,a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms remains essential to enhance catalyst design and industrial applicability.This review critically synthesizes recent advances in mechanistic insights related to methanol conversion and methanol-mediated catalytic processes.Firstly,we systematically outline key reaction pathways involved in initial carbon–carbon(C–C)bond formation through direct and indirect mechanisms,emphasizing significant breakthroughs from spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations.Subsequently,we highlight the autocatalytic characteristics and dual-cycle mechanisms underlying MTH processes,critically evaluating the roles of zeolite structures,pore sizes,topology,and acidity in governing product selectivity and catalyst stability.Additionally,we discuss cutting-edge developments in tandem catalytic systems employing methanol as a pivotal intermediate for CO_(x)hydrogenation,emphasizing the transferable mechanistic principles and catalytic insights.Finally,we identify future research directions,including elucidating precise hydrocarbon pool(HCP)intermediates,optimizing zeolite structures through computational-guided design,and developing robust catalytic systems leveraging advanced characterization methods and artificial intelligence.By integrating multidisciplinary approaches from catalytic science,materials engineering,and reaction engineering,this review provides actionable guidance towards rational design and optimization of advanced catalytic systems for efficient methanol conversion processes.
基金the financial support from the Central South University Fundamental Research Funds (Grant No.2025ZZTS0444)the Innovation-Driven Research Program(Grant No. 2023 CXQD053)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52274310)the financial support (Project No.H202111040350002)the provision of the hydroxide precursors from Ningbo Ronbay New Energy Technology Co.,Ltdsupported in part by the High-Performance Computing Center of Central South University
文摘Cation disordering is a common issue in Ni-rich cathodes that significantly degrades cycle life and compromises safety.The cubic rock-salt phase formation and the slow oxidation kinetics of Ni^(2+)during solid-state sintering are widely recognized as the principal causes of these structural defects.To solve this issue,a topotactic soft-chemical precursor engineering strategy is proposed for use in aqueous solution.By utilizing the layered structure of the precursor,this method allows for selective proton extraction and efficient Ni^(2+)oxidation,along with rapid Li+intercalation to form a layered lithiated intermediate.This intermediate crystallizes without further phase transitions during subsequent heat treatment,preventing structural defects caused by complex phase evolution and slow ion diffusion.The resulting cathode exhibits a long-range ordered layered structure and a uniform phase distribution,enabling efficient Li+insertion and extraction.Electrochemical tests reveal a high discharge capacity of 229.6 mAh g^(−1)and an initial coulombic efficiency of 95.77%at 0.1 C,greatly exceeding the performance of a conventionally synthesized cathode(210.3 mAh g^(−1),88.93%).Improved Li^(+)transport kinetics reduces phase-transition hysteresis and alleviates stress concentration,resulting in better cycling stability with a capacity retention of 85.3%after 300 cycles,compared to 61.5%for the conventional sample.This work presents a scalable and effective synthesis route for Ni-rich cathodes with reduced structural disorder and extended lifespan,providing valuable insights into how the regulation of intermediate phases influences electrochemical performance in high-performance Ni-rich cathodes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (no.2016YFA0202500)National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB932500)the Natural Scientific Foundation of China (nos.21306102 and 21422604)
文摘Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient and effective energy conversion and storage. The booming development of nanotechnology affords emerging but effective tools in designing advanced energy material. We reviewed the significant progress and dominated nanostructured energy materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors. The use of nanostructured electrocatalyst for effective electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions for fuel cells and metal-air batteries was also included. The challenges in the undesirable side reactions between electrolytes and electrode due to high electrode/electrolyte contact area, low volumetric energy density of electrode owing to low tap density, and uniform production of complex energy materials in working devices should be overcome to fully demonstrate the advanced energy nanostructures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The energy chemistry at the interfaces of nanostructured electrode/electrolyte is highly expected to guide the rational design and full demonstration of energy materials in a working device. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676160,21776019,and 21825501)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,they cannot further satisfy the increasing demands of portable electronics,electric vehicles,and grids.Therefore,battery chemistries beyond LIBs are being widely investigated.Next-generation lithium(Li)batteries,which employ Li metal as the anode and intercalation or conversion materials as the cathode,receive the most intensive interest due to their high energy density and excellent potential for commercialization.Moreover,significant progress has been achieved in Li batteries attributed to the increasing fundamental understanding of the materials and reactions,as well as to technological improvement.This review starts by summarizing the electrolytes for next-generation Li batteries.Key challenges and recent progress in lithium-ion,lithium–sulfur,and lithium–oxygen batteries are then reviewed from the perspective of energy and chemical engineering science.Finally,possible directions for further development in Li batteries are presented.Next-generation Li batteries are expected to promote the sustainable development of human civilization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21206153)Science and Technology Development Program Fund of Taiyuan City(120164053)
文摘Nitrobenzene-containing industrial wastewater was degraded in the presence of ozone coupled with H2O2 by high gravity technology. The effect of high gravity factor, H2O2 concentration, pH value, liquid flow-rate, and reaction time on the efficiency for removal of nitrobenzene was investigated. The experimental results show that the high gravity technology enhances the ozone utilization efficiency with O3/H202 showing synergistic effect. The degradation efficiency in terms of the COD removal rate and nitrobenzene removal rate reached 45.8% and 50.4%, respectively, under the following reaction conditions, viz.： a high gravity factor of 66.54, a pH value of 9, a H2O2/O3 molar ratio of 1：1, a liquid flow rate of 140 L/h, an ozone concentration of 40 rag/L, a H2O2 multiple dosing mode of 6 mL/h, and a reaction time of 4 h. Compared with the performance of conventional stirred aeration mixers, the high gravity technology could increase the COD and nitrobenzene removal rate related with the nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB745100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576197)the Tianjin Key Research&Development Program(16YFXTSF00460)
文摘The centralized treatment method is a widely used form of wastewater treatment that tends to be less effective at removing toxic substances. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the composition of wastewater can provide important information for the design of an effective wastewater treatment process. The objective of this paper was to investigate particle size distribution(PSD), biodegradability, and the chemical composition of the petrochemical wastewater discharges. For this purpose, this project selected the petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhongjie Petrochemical Co, Ltd. as the analysis objects.The step-by-step filtration method, along with a molecular weight classification method, was selected to build the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) fingerprints of petrochemical wastewater and treated wastewater. The results showed that the main pollutants were settleable particles in petrochemical wastewater, which contributed to over 54.85% of the total COD. The colloidal particles with particle sizes in the range of 450–1000 nm had the highest COD value in the treated wastewater, which contributed34.17% of the total COD of treated wastewater. The results of the BOD analysis showed that the soluble fractions were the main reason that treated wastewaters did not meet the treatment standards. Tests on the organic compounds in petrochemical wastewater found that there were mainly linear paraffins, branched paraffins, benzene series compounds, and some plasticizers in the influent of the petrochemical wastewater. The most abundant pollutants in treated petrochemical wastewater were the adjacent diisobutyl phthalate and the linear alkanes.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmission spectroscopy analysis showed that the settleable particles of petrochemical wastewater and membrane bioreactor(MBR)-treated wastewater contained multiple types of organic substances. The results also indicated that removing the oil-settleable substances, the colloidal particles(450–1000 nm), and the soluble organics will be necessary for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects of the Ministry of Education of China(6141A02033522)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978200).
文摘The development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels.However,the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming,cost-intensive,and limited to the operating conditions.The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly infl uenced by chemical composition.Thus,a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future.This work summarized the eff ects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties,including density,net heat of combustion(NHOC),low-temperature fl uidity(viscosity and freezing point),fl ash point,and thermal-oxidative stability.Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed.Additionally,we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios(n H/C)and molecular weight(M).The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density,NHOC,viscosity and eff ectiveness for the design,manufacture,and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.
基金supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Project(No.19YFSLQY00070)Foundation for State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology(No.oic-201901004)Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)provides a clean and safe technology for large-scale H2 O2 production.The core of this project is the development of highly active and highly selective catalysts.Recent studies demonstrate that carbonaceous materials are favorable catalysts because of their low-cost and tunable surface structures.This brief review first summarizes the strategies of carbonaceous material engineering for selective two-electron O2 reduction reaction and discusses potential mechanisms.In addition,several device designs using carbonaceous materials as catalysts for H2 O2 production are introduced.Finally,research directions are proposed for practical application and performance improvement.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075029,22108151,22109084)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0164)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.However,scalable fabrication of sheet-type sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading and excellent performances remains challenging.In this work,sheet-type freestanding sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading were fabricated by dry electrode technology.The unique fibrous morphologies of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binders in dry electrodes not only provides excellent mechanical properties but also uncompromised ionic/electronic conductance.Even employed with thickened dry cathodes with high sulfur loading of 2 mg cm^(-2),ASSLSBs still exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability.Moreover,the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur monolayer pouch cells(9.2 m Ah)were also demonstrated and exhibited excellent safety under a harsh test situation.This work verifies the potential of dry electrode technology in the scalable fabrication of thickened sulfur cathodes and will promote the practical applications of ASSLSBs.
