Cardiac tissue engineering aims to efficiently replace or repair injured heart tissue using scaffolds,relevant cells,or their combination.While the combination of scaffolds and relevant cells holds the potential to ra...Cardiac tissue engineering aims to efficiently replace or repair injured heart tissue using scaffolds,relevant cells,or their combination.While the combination of scaffolds and relevant cells holds the potential to rapidly remuscularize the heart,thereby avoiding the slow process of cell recruitment,the proper ex vivo cellularization of a scaffold poses a substantial challenge.First,proper diffusion of nutrients and oxygen should be provided to the cell-seeded scaffold.Second,to generate a functional tissue construct,cells can benefit from physiological-like conditions.To meet these challenges,we developed a modular bioreactor for the dynamic cellularization of full-thickness cardiac scaffolds under synchronized mechanical and electrical stimuli.In this unique bioreactor system,we designed a cyclic mechanical load that mimics the left ventricle volume inflation,thus achieving a steady stimulus,as well as an electrical stimulus with an action potential profile to mirror the cells’microenvironment and electrical stimuli in the heart.These mechanical and electrical stimuli were synchronized according to cardiac physiology and regulated by constant feedback.When applied to a seeded thick porcine cardiac extracellular matrix(pcECM)scaffold,these stimuli improved the proliferation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)and induced the formation of a dense tissue-like structure near the scaffold’s surface.Most importantly,after 35 d of cultivation,the MSCs presented the early cardiac progenitor markers Connexin-43 andα-actinin,which were absent in the control cells.Overall,this research developed a new bioreactor system for cellularizing cardiac scaffolds under cardiac-like conditions,aiming to restore a sustainable dynamic living tissue that can bear the essential cardiac excitation–contraction coupling.展开更多
This study aimed to produce and characterize mycelium leather(Mylea)derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Variations in OPEFB composition(10%,20%,30%,and 40%)were tested using a 10%w/w Ganoderma lucidum inocu...This study aimed to produce and characterize mycelium leather(Mylea)derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Variations in OPEFB composition(10%,20%,30%,and 40%)were tested using a 10%w/w Ganoderma lucidum inoculum.The mycelium underwent boiling,plasticization,drying,pressing,waxing,and Tencel fabric reinforcement to form Mylea.The physical,mechanical,and flammability properties of OPEFB-based Mylea were evaluated as a potential animal leather substitute.The highest tensile strength(8.47 MPa)was observed in the 0%OPEFB sample due to reinforcement with the Tencel fabric layer.Meanwhile,the 20%OPEFB sample after drying exhibited a tensile strength of 5.78 MPa and a lower elastic modulus(14.48 MPa),indicating increased flexibility but reduced stiffness.Among the tested compositions,20%OPEFB provided the best balance between growth time and material quality.Flammability tests showed that Mylea with 20%OPEFB had a longer burn time(43.5±7.78 s)compared to 0%OPEFB(21.0±1.41 s).However,the addition of OPEFB did not improve fire resistance,as none of the samples met UL 94 V-0,V-1,or V-2 standards.展开更多
The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from E...The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT,a significant number of tires still end up in landfills,posing environmental problems.Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black(rCB).Incorpo-rating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black,but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles.Furthermore,tire composition variability affects rCB quality,challenging consistent production for market ap-plications.Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges,with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear.Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment.Here,a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and,since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires,the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migrati...Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.展开更多
Multiwall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT sampl...Multiwall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb（Ⅱ）binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared（FT-IR）, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller（BET）, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy（FESEM） analysis, and the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb（Ⅱ） concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal（99.9%） of Pb（Ⅱ） are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb（Ⅱ） adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.展开更多
Tamarind(Tamarindus indica Linn.)is a topical plant that is generally found and planted in Thailand.Application of tamarind seed gum can increase the value of tamarind and minimize the industrial waste[1].Tamarind see...Tamarind(Tamarindus indica Linn.)is a topical plant that is generally found and planted in Thailand.Application of tamarind seed gum can increase the value of tamarind and minimize the industrial waste[1].Tamarind seed gum powder offers high viscosity solution.Therefore,researchers are interested in developing tamarind seed gum as binder in formulation of diclofenac sodium tablet,prepared by dry granulation method.展开更多
With the abundance and good corrosion resistance of aluminium, hot-dip technique was used to prepare the recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating on low carbon steel substrates. Electrochemical behavior of this coa...With the abundance and good corrosion resistance of aluminium, hot-dip technique was used to prepare the recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating on low carbon steel substrates. Electrochemical behavior of this coating was investigated by an- odic polarization and open circuit potential measurement. Its microstructure and composition were observed by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, respectively. The long lasting corrosion performance of coated steels was in- vestigated under the salt fog spray test. From anodic polarization curves and open circuit potential, recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg coating performed adequate sacrificial ability. At 0.40 V, current density of recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating was about 200 000 times higher than that of pure recycled Al coating, and was about 0.5 times lower than that of Zn coating. The microstruc- ture of recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating on the steel substrate consisted ofAl3Mg2, Al-Fe intermetallic compound and Al matrix. The results from salt fog spray test showed that recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coated steel had similar corrosion resistance ability to Zn coated steel.展开更多
Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO...Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO2)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)composite as the sensing element.The composite was synthesized following sol−gel chemistry,yielding TiO2 nanoparticles of~50 nm in size,immobilized on chemically exfoliated rGO sheets.The composite was employed in a 3-electrode electrochemical cell and operated in an amperometric mode,exhibiting good responses to the 50 to 500 ppb Cr(VI).Our best result from pH 3 Mcilvane’s buffer medium reveals the sensitivity of 9.12×10−4 ppb−1 and a detection limit of 6 ppb with no signal interference from 200 ppm Ca(II),150 ppm Mg(II),and 50 ppb Pb(II).The excellent results of the TiO2-rGO sensor can be attributed to synergic effects between TiO2 and rGO,resulting from the presence of n-p heterojunctions and the formation of the TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO.展开更多
An approximate method has been established to calculate the depth of the potential acting on an electron in a molecule at the saddle point along a chemical bond, denoted by Dpb. It is a new indicator which can be used...An approximate method has been established to calculate the depth of the potential acting on an electron in a molecule at the saddle point along a chemical bond, denoted by Dpb. It is a new indicator which can be used for predicting the strength of a chemical bond. In this work, as a practical application for demonstrating this method, we calculated the Dpb of deoxyribonucleosides and ribonucleosides along all C-H and N-H chemical bonds using the method. The results are in fair agreement with those results of previously reported experimental and theoretical observations,展开更多
Details regarding field decomposition and transformation of biochar in Malaysia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the physico-chemical changes experienced by Jatropha pod biochar (JPB) in ac...Details regarding field decomposition and transformation of biochar in Malaysia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the physico-chemical changes experienced by Jatropha pod biochar (JPB) in acidic mineral soil under field condition. Elemental composition was determined using CHNS-O analyzer and surface area with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The JPB surface chemistry and structure were studied using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. The JPB short-term decomposition was investigated by using a litter bag study and decomposition data were best fitted by a hyperbolic decay model compared to an exponential decay model because no significant dry weight loss was detected after 4 months. Two phases (volatile and near stagnant) were detected for JPB field decomposition. The volatile phase was due to rapid loss of labile fraction such as carbohydrate during the initial 4 months. The near stagnant phase was probably due to adsorption of organic matter and soil minerals. The JPB was fragmented into smaller pieces, encouraging surface adsorption. Redox reaction was prominent as shown by the production of hydroxyl, carboxylic and phenolic functional groups. The JPB became more recalcitrant after 12 months of application to the soils.展开更多
Transboundary haze from biomass burning is one of the most important air pollutions in Southeast Asia.The most recent serious haze episode occurred in 2015.Southern Thailand was affected by the haze during September t...Transboundary haze from biomass burning is one of the most important air pollutions in Southeast Asia.The most recent serious haze episode occurred in 2015.Southern Thailand was affected by the haze during September to October when the particulate matter concentration hit a record high.We investigated physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols,including concentration and aerosol size distribution down to sub-micron sizes during haze episodes in 2013 and 2015 and,for reference,an insignificant haze period in 2017.The highest total suspended particulates and PM 10 levels in Hat Yai city were 340.1 and 322.5μg/m^3.The mass fractions were nanoparticles(<100 nm)3.1%-14.8%and fine particles(<1μm)54.6%-59.1%.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in haze periods peaked at 0.75μm and the concentrations are 2-30 times higher than the normal period.High molecular weight(4-6 ring)PAHs during the haze episode contribute to about 56.7%-88.0%for nanoparticles.The average values of benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalency quotient were 3.34±2.54ng/m^3 in the 2015 haze period but only 0.89±0.17 ng/m^3 in 2017.It is clear that particles smaller than 1μm,were highly toxic.Nanoparticles contributed 19.4%-26.0%of total BaP-TEQ,whereas the mass fraction is 13.1%-14.8%.Thus the nanoparticles were more carcinogenic and can cause greater health effect than larger particles.The fraction of BaP-TEQ for nanoparticles during 2017 non-haze period was nearly the same,while the mass fraction was lower.This indicates that nanoparticles are the significant source of carcinogenic aerosols both during haze and non-haze periods.展开更多
The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs （rare earth elements）, Th （thorium） and U （uranium） in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domes...The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs （rare earth elements）, Th （thorium） and U （uranium） in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domestic sludge were compared with those of natural soil. Removal of heavy metals in electroplating sludge was studied with bio-surfactants （saponin and sophorolipid） by batch and column experiments. The results suggested that heavy metals have greater concentrations and exist as more relatively unstable fraction in sludge than those in Natural soil. Nonionic saponin is more efficient than sophorolipid for the removal of heavy metals from the electroplating sludge, and mainly reacts with carbonate state （i.e., F3） and Fe-Mn oxide state （i.e., F5） fractions. The recovery efficiency of heavy metals in leachates from the electroplate sludge was attained 88%-97%. Saponin can be reused and be a promising and cost-effective material for the removal of heavy metals in sludge.展开更多
Mixed rare earth nitrates （REi（NO3）3） in the aqueous solution was mixed with tri-n-butyl phosphate （TBP, （n-C4H9O）3PO） dissolved in kerosene for the formation of their corresponding complexes （REi（NO3）3...Mixed rare earth nitrates （REi（NO3）3） in the aqueous solution was mixed with tri-n-butyl phosphate （TBP, （n-C4H9O）3PO） dissolved in kerosene for the formation of their corresponding complexes （REi（NO3）3·ni（n-C4H9O）3PO） at 303 K. The effects of initial concentrations of both TBP and mixed rare earth nitrates on the equilibrium constants of their complex formations were investigated. The complexes were formed almost immediately after mixing. The simultaneous formations reached their chemical equilibria within a few minutes by shaking the mixture at 200 r/min. The chemical equilibrium constants of the complex formations were independent of the initial TBP concentrations. However, they were decreased by reducing the concentration of REi（NO3）3. All equilibrium constants of the simultaneous complex formations were less than 0.7, while the average molar ratio of TBP to REi（NO3）3 of the complexes varied between 1.0 and 1.6. The chemical equilibrium constant for the formation of La（NO3）3·（n-C4H9O）3PO was 0.09, while that of Dy（NO3）3·（n-C4H9O）3PO was 0.68. The ascending sequence of chemical equilibrium constants for the simultaneous formations was La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Y, Sm, Gd, and Dy.展开更多
In this research, it used advanced oxidation processes for the recovery, detoxification and mineralization of wastewater mainly contaminated by antibiotics （ciprofloxacin）. These processes can be used alone or in co...In this research, it used advanced oxidation processes for the recovery, detoxification and mineralization of wastewater mainly contaminated by antibiotics （ciprofloxacin）. These processes can be used alone or in combination with each other or by complementing traditional methods, even allowing the disinfection of bacterial and viral inactivation. With the use of experimental systems UV/H202/O3, UV/H202, it can achieve total mineralization of the compound. Ciprofloxacin solutions used at 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm, degraded to 100% of antibiotics and by a microbiological method show that the loss of biological activity is inversely proportional to the time of irradiation.展开更多
The toxicity of ginkgo kernel is a global concern,restricting its consumption as a medicinal food.This study focuses on eliminating the toxic components,specifically ginkgolic acid,from ginkgo kernel juice.The approac...The toxicity of ginkgo kernel is a global concern,restricting its consumption as a medicinal food.This study focuses on eliminating the toxic components,specifically ginkgolic acid,from ginkgo kernel juice.The approach used was probiotic fermentation with autochthonous lactic acid bacteria combined with macroporous resin.Compared to using lactic acid fermentation alone,adding macroporous resin during probiotic fermentation significantly enhanced the removal of toxic ginkgolic acid and 4'-O-methylpyridoxine from ginkgo kernel juice.After 48 h of fermentation with macroporous resin,the contents of ginkgolic acid and 4'-O-methylpyridoxine decreased by more than 69%and 61%,respectively.Interestingly,the adsorption of microbial growth inhibitors,such as ginkgolic acid,4'-O-methylpyridoxine,and phenolics,by the resin did not hinder the growth of lactic acid bacteria or their metabolic activities involving organic acids and monosaccharides.The study further confirmed that microbial adsorption was the primary reason for removing ginkgolic acid during probiotic fermentation.Also,the adsorption mechanism of ginkgolic acid during probiotic fermentation with macroporous resin was explored.From a mass transfer perspective,incorporating macroporous resin during the probiotic fermentation of ginkgo kernel juice reduced the mass transfer resistance for surface diffusion.Consequently,this lowered the contribution of surface diffusion to the overall diffusion process and facilitated the efficient removal of toxic ginkgolic acid.This work can help to understand the physical mechanism regarding detoxification of ginkgo kernel juice by probiotic fermentation,and offer potential strategies to enhance the safety of ginkgo kernel products.展开更多
The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides between sulfur cathode and lithium anode is a notorious problem in the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,heterostructured TiO_(2)-Fe_(2)TiO_(5)hollow ...The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides between sulfur cathode and lithium anode is a notorious problem in the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,heterostructured TiO_(2)-Fe_(2)TiO_(5)hollow spheres were proposed and synthesized as efficient sulfur host to address theshuttle behavior of poly sulfides.展开更多
The safe environmental condition of biological and chemical laboratories at universities in Sudan is a real and tangible problem that needs to be properly addressed due to the increased number of universities which gr...The safe environmental condition of biological and chemical laboratories at universities in Sudan is a real and tangible problem that needs to be properly addressed due to the increased number of universities which grew up to 25 State-Level Universities. This could sum up to 200 students per academic year. One of the significant problems is the proper ventilation inside the laboratories. This paper aims to provide a proposal for design of an optimum ventilation system for: 1) Good and safe environment;2) Comfortable workplace for laboratories occupants;3) Ensure the health of the surrounding environment while minimizing the energy consumption. Five chemicals are selected for this study as the most consumed and the most hazardous (permissible exposure limits) inside the laboratories of the department of chemistry faculty of science, Al-Neelain university;formaldehyde, nitric acid, acetic acid, xylene and ethanol. Concentration level of materials in laboratory is calculated in correlation with air exchange rate, vapor pressure and area of laboratory. Results concluded to that up 15 ACH the concentration of formaldehyde and nitric acid is still high. Recommendations are given with the limitation of using the suggested mathematical model, regarding laboratory conditions, severity of the material hazardousness, number of people.展开更多
In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （di...In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.展开更多
An organic geochemical,petrographical,and palynological evaluation was conducted on 30 claystone outcrop samples of the Toraja Formation,along with a geochemical analysis of an oil seep in the Enrekang Sub-basin.The a...An organic geochemical,petrographical,and palynological evaluation was conducted on 30 claystone outcrop samples of the Toraja Formation,along with a geochemical analysis of an oil seep in the Enrekang Sub-basin.The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between oil and source rock in terms of age,depositional environment,organic material sources,and maturity level.The total organic carbon content of the claystone samples varies from 0.03 to 4.52 wt%,which are classified as poor to excellent.The claystones are immature to post-mature with a mixture of TypeⅡandⅢkerogen.Their vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.47 to 4.52%Ro.The samples of Toraja Formation rock and the oil seep source rock might have a similar depositional environment,a deltaic marine depositional setting with high oxidizing conditions.Organic material sources for rock and oil samples are dominated by terrestrial input.The oil is inferred to have originated from the Paleogene source rocks,which correlates in age with the Toraja Formation.The recovered palynomorphs from the studied rock samples suggest a late Eocene to Oligocene age with a strong terrestrial influence of shallow marine depositional setting.The biomarker analysis shows that the rock samples have a more substantial contribution from the terrigenous higher plants,while the oil sample indicates a higher degree of marine influence.The maturity levels are also different between the oil(peak mature)and the analyzed rock samples(immature).It is inferred that the oil seep source rock is equivalent to the analyzed rock sample but more mature,having been deposited under more marine conditions.The oil seep source rock is not exposed and is located in the deeper part of the basin.A deeper marine facies(i.e.distal delta front and prodelta facies)in front of the distributary mouth bar within a delta is interpreted as the source rock of the oil seep sample.展开更多
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) feedback mode has been used to investigate regeneration kinetics on P1 (4-(bis-{4-[5-(2,2-dicyanovinyl) thiophene-2-yl] pH-enyl} amino) benzoic acid) dye sensitized nickel ox...Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) feedback mode has been used to investigate regeneration kinetics on P1 (4-(bis-{4-[5-(2,2-dicyanovinyl) thiophene-2-yl] pH-enyl} amino) benzoic acid) dye sensitized nickel oxide (NiO) electrodes in contact with reduced iodide liquid electrolyte in different electrolyte solvents. We were used acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol and propylene carbonate solvents for comparison under illumination of different wavelengths. We found significant variation of regeneration kinetics parameters such as regeneration rate constant (<em>k<sub>eff</sub></em>), the reduction rate constant (<em>k<sub>red</sub></em>) and absorption cross-section (Φhv) in different illumination intensity and different solvents.展开更多
基金funded by the Israeli Ministry of Innovation,Science and Technology(Grant No.3-11873)the Israel Science Foundation(Grant No.1563/10)+1 种基金the Randy L.and Melvin R.Berlin Family Research Center for Regenerative Medicinethe Gurwin Family Foundation.
文摘Cardiac tissue engineering aims to efficiently replace or repair injured heart tissue using scaffolds,relevant cells,or their combination.While the combination of scaffolds and relevant cells holds the potential to rapidly remuscularize the heart,thereby avoiding the slow process of cell recruitment,the proper ex vivo cellularization of a scaffold poses a substantial challenge.First,proper diffusion of nutrients and oxygen should be provided to the cell-seeded scaffold.Second,to generate a functional tissue construct,cells can benefit from physiological-like conditions.To meet these challenges,we developed a modular bioreactor for the dynamic cellularization of full-thickness cardiac scaffolds under synchronized mechanical and electrical stimuli.In this unique bioreactor system,we designed a cyclic mechanical load that mimics the left ventricle volume inflation,thus achieving a steady stimulus,as well as an electrical stimulus with an action potential profile to mirror the cells’microenvironment and electrical stimuli in the heart.These mechanical and electrical stimuli were synchronized according to cardiac physiology and regulated by constant feedback.When applied to a seeded thick porcine cardiac extracellular matrix(pcECM)scaffold,these stimuli improved the proliferation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)and induced the formation of a dense tissue-like structure near the scaffold’s surface.Most importantly,after 35 d of cultivation,the MSCs presented the early cardiac progenitor markers Connexin-43 andα-actinin,which were absent in the control cells.Overall,this research developed a new bioreactor system for cellularizing cardiac scaffolds under cardiac-like conditions,aiming to restore a sustainable dynamic living tissue that can bear the essential cardiac excitation–contraction coupling.
基金supported by the Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency(BPDPKS),Indonesia 2024.
文摘This study aimed to produce and characterize mycelium leather(Mylea)derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Variations in OPEFB composition(10%,20%,30%,and 40%)were tested using a 10%w/w Ganoderma lucidum inoculum.The mycelium underwent boiling,plasticization,drying,pressing,waxing,and Tencel fabric reinforcement to form Mylea.The physical,mechanical,and flammability properties of OPEFB-based Mylea were evaluated as a potential animal leather substitute.The highest tensile strength(8.47 MPa)was observed in the 0%OPEFB sample due to reinforcement with the Tencel fabric layer.Meanwhile,the 20%OPEFB sample after drying exhibited a tensile strength of 5.78 MPa and a lower elastic modulus(14.48 MPa),indicating increased flexibility but reduced stiffness.Among the tested compositions,20%OPEFB provided the best balance between growth time and material quality.Flammability tests showed that Mylea with 20%OPEFB had a longer burn time(43.5±7.78 s)compared to 0%OPEFB(21.0±1.41 s).However,the addition of OPEFB did not improve fire resistance,as none of the samples met UL 94 V-0,V-1,or V-2 standards.
基金financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)the support of“H2 Driven Green Agenda”,nr.C644923817-00000037,investment project nr.50+1 种基金financed by the Recovery and Resilience Plan(PRR)by European Union-Next Generation EU.
文摘The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT,a significant number of tires still end up in landfills,posing environmental problems.Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black(rCB).Incorpo-rating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black,but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles.Furthermore,tire composition variability affects rCB quality,challenging consistent production for market ap-plications.Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges,with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear.Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment.Here,a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and,since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires,the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed.
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.
基金financially supported by the University of Malaya, Ministry of Higher Education High Impact Research (UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/20)
文摘Multiwall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb（Ⅱ）binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared（FT-IR）, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller（BET）, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy（FESEM） analysis, and the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb（Ⅱ） concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal（99.9%） of Pb（Ⅱ） are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb（Ⅱ） adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.
文摘Tamarind(Tamarindus indica Linn.)is a topical plant that is generally found and planted in Thailand.Application of tamarind seed gum can increase the value of tamarind and minimize the industrial waste[1].Tamarind seed gum powder offers high viscosity solution.Therefore,researchers are interested in developing tamarind seed gum as binder in formulation of diclofenac sodium tablet,prepared by dry granulation method.
基金a partial result from a project supported by Khon Kaen University under Incubation Researcher Project
文摘With the abundance and good corrosion resistance of aluminium, hot-dip technique was used to prepare the recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating on low carbon steel substrates. Electrochemical behavior of this coating was investigated by an- odic polarization and open circuit potential measurement. Its microstructure and composition were observed by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, respectively. The long lasting corrosion performance of coated steels was in- vestigated under the salt fog spray test. From anodic polarization curves and open circuit potential, recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg coating performed adequate sacrificial ability. At 0.40 V, current density of recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating was about 200 000 times higher than that of pure recycled Al coating, and was about 0.5 times lower than that of Zn coating. The microstruc- ture of recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coating on the steel substrate consisted ofAl3Mg2, Al-Fe intermetallic compound and Al matrix. The results from salt fog spray test showed that recycled Al with 8.2 mass% Mg alloy coated steel had similar corrosion resistance ability to Zn coated steel.
文摘Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO2)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)composite as the sensing element.The composite was synthesized following sol−gel chemistry,yielding TiO2 nanoparticles of~50 nm in size,immobilized on chemically exfoliated rGO sheets.The composite was employed in a 3-electrode electrochemical cell and operated in an amperometric mode,exhibiting good responses to the 50 to 500 ppb Cr(VI).Our best result from pH 3 Mcilvane’s buffer medium reveals the sensitivity of 9.12×10−4 ppb−1 and a detection limit of 6 ppb with no signal interference from 200 ppm Ca(II),150 ppm Mg(II),and 50 ppb Pb(II).The excellent results of the TiO2-rGO sensor can be attributed to synergic effects between TiO2 and rGO,resulting from the presence of n-p heterojunctions and the formation of the TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21073080 and 21133005)
文摘An approximate method has been established to calculate the depth of the potential acting on an electron in a molecule at the saddle point along a chemical bond, denoted by Dpb. It is a new indicator which can be used for predicting the strength of a chemical bond. In this work, as a practical application for demonstrating this method, we calculated the Dpb of deoxyribonucleosides and ribonucleosides along all C-H and N-H chemical bonds using the method. The results are in fair agreement with those results of previously reported experimental and theoretical observations,
文摘Details regarding field decomposition and transformation of biochar in Malaysia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the physico-chemical changes experienced by Jatropha pod biochar (JPB) in acidic mineral soil under field condition. Elemental composition was determined using CHNS-O analyzer and surface area with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The JPB surface chemistry and structure were studied using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. The JPB short-term decomposition was investigated by using a litter bag study and decomposition data were best fitted by a hyperbolic decay model compared to an exponential decay model because no significant dry weight loss was detected after 4 months. Two phases (volatile and near stagnant) were detected for JPB field decomposition. The volatile phase was due to rapid loss of labile fraction such as carbohydrate during the initial 4 months. The near stagnant phase was probably due to adsorption of organic matter and soil minerals. The JPB was fragmented into smaller pieces, encouraging surface adsorption. Redox reaction was prominent as shown by the production of hydroxyl, carboxylic and phenolic functional groups. The JPB became more recalcitrant after 12 months of application to the soils.
基金This research was financially supported by Biodiversitybased Economy Development Office of Thailand under grant#ENG590707S.
文摘Transboundary haze from biomass burning is one of the most important air pollutions in Southeast Asia.The most recent serious haze episode occurred in 2015.Southern Thailand was affected by the haze during September to October when the particulate matter concentration hit a record high.We investigated physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols,including concentration and aerosol size distribution down to sub-micron sizes during haze episodes in 2013 and 2015 and,for reference,an insignificant haze period in 2017.The highest total suspended particulates and PM 10 levels in Hat Yai city were 340.1 and 322.5μg/m^3.The mass fractions were nanoparticles(<100 nm)3.1%-14.8%and fine particles(<1μm)54.6%-59.1%.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in haze periods peaked at 0.75μm and the concentrations are 2-30 times higher than the normal period.High molecular weight(4-6 ring)PAHs during the haze episode contribute to about 56.7%-88.0%for nanoparticles.The average values of benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalency quotient were 3.34±2.54ng/m^3 in the 2015 haze period but only 0.89±0.17 ng/m^3 in 2017.It is clear that particles smaller than 1μm,were highly toxic.Nanoparticles contributed 19.4%-26.0%of total BaP-TEQ,whereas the mass fraction is 13.1%-14.8%.Thus the nanoparticles were more carcinogenic and can cause greater health effect than larger particles.The fraction of BaP-TEQ for nanoparticles during 2017 non-haze period was nearly the same,while the mass fraction was lower.This indicates that nanoparticles are the significant source of carcinogenic aerosols both during haze and non-haze periods.
文摘The concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals including REEs （rare earth elements）, Th （thorium） and U （uranium） in domestic sludge and electroplating sludge were investigated, and those of the domestic sludge were compared with those of natural soil. Removal of heavy metals in electroplating sludge was studied with bio-surfactants （saponin and sophorolipid） by batch and column experiments. The results suggested that heavy metals have greater concentrations and exist as more relatively unstable fraction in sludge than those in Natural soil. Nonionic saponin is more efficient than sophorolipid for the removal of heavy metals from the electroplating sludge, and mainly reacts with carbonate state （i.e., F3） and Fe-Mn oxide state （i.e., F5） fractions. The recovery efficiency of heavy metals in leachates from the electroplate sludge was attained 88%-97%. Saponin can be reused and be a promising and cost-effective material for the removal of heavy metals in sludge.
文摘Mixed rare earth nitrates （REi（NO3）3） in the aqueous solution was mixed with tri-n-butyl phosphate （TBP, （n-C4H9O）3PO） dissolved in kerosene for the formation of their corresponding complexes （REi（NO3）3·ni（n-C4H9O）3PO） at 303 K. The effects of initial concentrations of both TBP and mixed rare earth nitrates on the equilibrium constants of their complex formations were investigated. The complexes were formed almost immediately after mixing. The simultaneous formations reached their chemical equilibria within a few minutes by shaking the mixture at 200 r/min. The chemical equilibrium constants of the complex formations were independent of the initial TBP concentrations. However, they were decreased by reducing the concentration of REi（NO3）3. All equilibrium constants of the simultaneous complex formations were less than 0.7, while the average molar ratio of TBP to REi（NO3）3 of the complexes varied between 1.0 and 1.6. The chemical equilibrium constant for the formation of La（NO3）3·（n-C4H9O）3PO was 0.09, while that of Dy（NO3）3·（n-C4H9O）3PO was 0.68. The ascending sequence of chemical equilibrium constants for the simultaneous formations was La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Y, Sm, Gd, and Dy.
文摘In this research, it used advanced oxidation processes for the recovery, detoxification and mineralization of wastewater mainly contaminated by antibiotics （ciprofloxacin）. These processes can be used alone or in combination with each other or by complementing traditional methods, even allowing the disinfection of bacterial and viral inactivation. With the use of experimental systems UV/H202/O3, UV/H202, it can achieve total mineralization of the compound. Ciprofloxacin solutions used at 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm, degraded to 100% of antibiotics and by a microbiological method show that the loss of biological activity is inversely proportional to the time of irradiation.
基金supported by Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program-Modern Agriculture(BE2021353)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072351)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YDZX2023017)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(No.CX(22)2026)and Jiangsu University Qinglan Project.
文摘The toxicity of ginkgo kernel is a global concern,restricting its consumption as a medicinal food.This study focuses on eliminating the toxic components,specifically ginkgolic acid,from ginkgo kernel juice.The approach used was probiotic fermentation with autochthonous lactic acid bacteria combined with macroporous resin.Compared to using lactic acid fermentation alone,adding macroporous resin during probiotic fermentation significantly enhanced the removal of toxic ginkgolic acid and 4'-O-methylpyridoxine from ginkgo kernel juice.After 48 h of fermentation with macroporous resin,the contents of ginkgolic acid and 4'-O-methylpyridoxine decreased by more than 69%and 61%,respectively.Interestingly,the adsorption of microbial growth inhibitors,such as ginkgolic acid,4'-O-methylpyridoxine,and phenolics,by the resin did not hinder the growth of lactic acid bacteria or their metabolic activities involving organic acids and monosaccharides.The study further confirmed that microbial adsorption was the primary reason for removing ginkgolic acid during probiotic fermentation.Also,the adsorption mechanism of ginkgolic acid during probiotic fermentation with macroporous resin was explored.From a mass transfer perspective,incorporating macroporous resin during the probiotic fermentation of ginkgo kernel juice reduced the mass transfer resistance for surface diffusion.Consequently,this lowered the contribution of surface diffusion to the overall diffusion process and facilitated the efficient removal of toxic ginkgolic acid.This work can help to understand the physical mechanism regarding detoxification of ginkgo kernel juice by probiotic fermentation,and offer potential strategies to enhance the safety of ginkgo kernel products.
基金financially supported by the Young Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211145)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023ME047,ZR2022QB173 and ZR2022QE130)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200129)supported by the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin。
文摘The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides between sulfur cathode and lithium anode is a notorious problem in the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,heterostructured TiO_(2)-Fe_(2)TiO_(5)hollow spheres were proposed and synthesized as efficient sulfur host to address theshuttle behavior of poly sulfides.
文摘The safe environmental condition of biological and chemical laboratories at universities in Sudan is a real and tangible problem that needs to be properly addressed due to the increased number of universities which grew up to 25 State-Level Universities. This could sum up to 200 students per academic year. One of the significant problems is the proper ventilation inside the laboratories. This paper aims to provide a proposal for design of an optimum ventilation system for: 1) Good and safe environment;2) Comfortable workplace for laboratories occupants;3) Ensure the health of the surrounding environment while minimizing the energy consumption. Five chemicals are selected for this study as the most consumed and the most hazardous (permissible exposure limits) inside the laboratories of the department of chemistry faculty of science, Al-Neelain university;formaldehyde, nitric acid, acetic acid, xylene and ethanol. Concentration level of materials in laboratory is calculated in correlation with air exchange rate, vapor pressure and area of laboratory. Results concluded to that up 15 ACH the concentration of formaldehyde and nitric acid is still high. Recommendations are given with the limitation of using the suggested mathematical model, regarding laboratory conditions, severity of the material hazardousness, number of people.
文摘In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.
基金provided by Universitas Muslim Indonesia tothe first author(AAB).
文摘An organic geochemical,petrographical,and palynological evaluation was conducted on 30 claystone outcrop samples of the Toraja Formation,along with a geochemical analysis of an oil seep in the Enrekang Sub-basin.The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between oil and source rock in terms of age,depositional environment,organic material sources,and maturity level.The total organic carbon content of the claystone samples varies from 0.03 to 4.52 wt%,which are classified as poor to excellent.The claystones are immature to post-mature with a mixture of TypeⅡandⅢkerogen.Their vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.47 to 4.52%Ro.The samples of Toraja Formation rock and the oil seep source rock might have a similar depositional environment,a deltaic marine depositional setting with high oxidizing conditions.Organic material sources for rock and oil samples are dominated by terrestrial input.The oil is inferred to have originated from the Paleogene source rocks,which correlates in age with the Toraja Formation.The recovered palynomorphs from the studied rock samples suggest a late Eocene to Oligocene age with a strong terrestrial influence of shallow marine depositional setting.The biomarker analysis shows that the rock samples have a more substantial contribution from the terrigenous higher plants,while the oil sample indicates a higher degree of marine influence.The maturity levels are also different between the oil(peak mature)and the analyzed rock samples(immature).It is inferred that the oil seep source rock is equivalent to the analyzed rock sample but more mature,having been deposited under more marine conditions.The oil seep source rock is not exposed and is located in the deeper part of the basin.A deeper marine facies(i.e.distal delta front and prodelta facies)in front of the distributary mouth bar within a delta is interpreted as the source rock of the oil seep sample.
文摘Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) feedback mode has been used to investigate regeneration kinetics on P1 (4-(bis-{4-[5-(2,2-dicyanovinyl) thiophene-2-yl] pH-enyl} amino) benzoic acid) dye sensitized nickel oxide (NiO) electrodes in contact with reduced iodide liquid electrolyte in different electrolyte solvents. We were used acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol and propylene carbonate solvents for comparison under illumination of different wavelengths. We found significant variation of regeneration kinetics parameters such as regeneration rate constant (<em>k<sub>eff</sub></em>), the reduction rate constant (<em>k<sub>red</sub></em>) and absorption cross-section (Φhv) in different illumination intensity and different solvents.
