Since pyrometallurgical approaches on lithium ion battery recycling are not yet capable of recovering lithium but only nickel,cobalt and manganese,the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at the Montanuniversitaet L...Since pyrometallurgical approaches on lithium ion battery recycling are not yet capable of recovering lithium but only nickel,cobalt and manganese,the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at the Montanuniversitaet Leoben started to investigate experimental reactor concepts on their suitability to overcome this major drawback.Therefor,the general behaviour of currently used cathode materials under reducing conditions and high temperatures is of great interest.This work expands previous performed heating microscope experiments by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)to characterize the reactions that are responsible for certain changes in the cathode materials.By comparing the superficial changes of the samples in the heating microscope with the corresponding data from the TGA,it was possible to identify the temperature zones in which reduction reactions occured.For all investigated cathode materials,the reduction reactions started at technically feasible temperatures of approx.1000◦C,which is favorable for the desired recycling process.On the other hand,this is some hundred degrees higher than the temperature at which first changes in the heating microscope could be observed and indicates that there are changes in the material before the reduction starts.Therefore,the results also emphasize the need for further analysis to clarify this offset and to complete the thermal characterisation of the cathode materials.展开更多
Glass manufacturing is an energy-intensive process with high demands on product quality. The wide usage of glass products results in a high end-product diversity. In the past, many models have been developed...Glass manufacturing is an energy-intensive process with high demands on product quality. The wide usage of glass products results in a high end-product diversity. In the past, many models have been developed to optimize specific process steps, such as glass melting or glass forming. This approach presents a tool for the modeling of the entire glass manufacturing process for container glass, flat glass, and glass fibers. The tool considers detailed bottom-up energy and material balance in each step of the processing route with the corresponding costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Subsequently, it provides the possibility to quantify optimization scenarios in the entire glass manufacturing process in terms of energy, material and cost flow efficiency.展开更多
The previously developed numerical model available for predicting nitrogen oxide emissions uses flamelet approach to calculate the flame properties and estimates the concentration of NO_(X) with GRI 3.0 mechanism by s...The previously developed numerical model available for predicting nitrogen oxide emissions uses flamelet approach to calculate the flame properties and estimates the concentration of NO_(X) with GRI 3.0 mechanism by solving the species transport equation.The existing model is further optimized to reduce the computation time without losing the accuracy.Three approaches,by modifying the reaction rate calculation method,by predicting the initial values and by using dynamic mesh refinement,were implemented on OpenFOAM and analyzed with experimental data from Sandia Flame D.The application of post-processor in simulating an industrial burner of 850 kW to determine nitrogen oxide emissions is also demonstrated.展开更多
基金the funding support of the Zukunftsfonds Steiermark with funds from the province of Styria,Austria,Grant No.GZ:ABT08-189002/2020 PN:1305.
文摘Since pyrometallurgical approaches on lithium ion battery recycling are not yet capable of recovering lithium but only nickel,cobalt and manganese,the Chair of Thermal Processing Technology at the Montanuniversitaet Leoben started to investigate experimental reactor concepts on their suitability to overcome this major drawback.Therefor,the general behaviour of currently used cathode materials under reducing conditions and high temperatures is of great interest.This work expands previous performed heating microscope experiments by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)to characterize the reactions that are responsible for certain changes in the cathode materials.By comparing the superficial changes of the samples in the heating microscope with the corresponding data from the TGA,it was possible to identify the temperature zones in which reduction reactions occured.For all investigated cathode materials,the reduction reactions started at technically feasible temperatures of approx.1000◦C,which is favorable for the desired recycling process.On the other hand,this is some hundred degrees higher than the temperature at which first changes in the heating microscope could be observed and indicates that there are changes in the material before the reduction starts.Therefore,the results also emphasize the need for further analysis to clarify this offset and to complete the thermal characterisation of the cathode materials.
文摘Glass manufacturing is an energy-intensive process with high demands on product quality. The wide usage of glass products results in a high end-product diversity. In the past, many models have been developed to optimize specific process steps, such as glass melting or glass forming. This approach presents a tool for the modeling of the entire glass manufacturing process for container glass, flat glass, and glass fibers. The tool considers detailed bottom-up energy and material balance in each step of the processing route with the corresponding costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Subsequently, it provides the possibility to quantify optimization scenarios in the entire glass manufacturing process in terms of energy, material and cost flow efficiency.
文摘The previously developed numerical model available for predicting nitrogen oxide emissions uses flamelet approach to calculate the flame properties and estimates the concentration of NO_(X) with GRI 3.0 mechanism by solving the species transport equation.The existing model is further optimized to reduce the computation time without losing the accuracy.Three approaches,by modifying the reaction rate calculation method,by predicting the initial values and by using dynamic mesh refinement,were implemented on OpenFOAM and analyzed with experimental data from Sandia Flame D.The application of post-processor in simulating an industrial burner of 850 kW to determine nitrogen oxide emissions is also demonstrated.
