A pH dependent reduction in growth, Pigment, ATP content, O,' evolution, carbonfixation, Photosynthetic electron transport system, nutrient uptake (NO,' and NH4+),nitrate reductase, and ATPase activities and i...A pH dependent reduction in growth, Pigment, ATP content, O,' evolution, carbonfixation, Photosynthetic electron transport system, nutrient uptake (NO,' and NH4+),nitrate reductase, and ATPase activities and increase in K+ emux of Chlorella vulgaris wasnoticed following supplementation of Cu and Ni to the culture medium. PS II was foundto be more sensitive to both pH and metals than PS I. Though, nitrate reductase (NR) wasmore sensitive to both PH and metals, the ATPase was however, more sensitive t0 metalsbut less sensitive to acidic pH. Acid PH was found to dst the nutrient (NO,' and NH4+)uptake and nitrate reductase in a non-competitive manner. The inhibition Pnduced by thetest metals alone was of noncompetitive type for NO3' uptake, nitrate reductase andATPase and competitive for NH'+ uptake. Acidity not only inhibited the metabolicvariables directly but also through facilitated uptake of metals and increased membranepermeability. A very low sensitivity of ATPase to acidic pH seems to be resgnsible forthe survival of algae in acid environment.展开更多
A. pinnata showed a remarkable ability of taking up Cd from the external medium. Of the total Cd taken up by the test plant, surface adsorption was about 90%. Cd adsorption did not occur at a constant rate, however, a...A. pinnata showed a remarkable ability of taking up Cd from the external medium. Of the total Cd taken up by the test plant, surface adsorption was about 90%. Cd adsorption did not occur at a constant rate, however, an equilibrium was reached in 2 h. The uptake of Cd occurred at a constant rate. Test cations, including heavy metals (Ca, Mg, K, Na,Ni, Fe, Cu and Zn), inhibited adsorption as well as uptake of Cd. Cd adsorption was competitively inhibited by Cu, Fe and Zn, whereas Ca, Mg, K, Na and Ni caused non-competitive inhibition. Similarly, Cd uptake was competitively (Ca, Mg, Fe) or non-competitively (Na, K, Ni, Zn) inhibited by cations. Inhibition of Cd uptake by Cu was not wholly competitive展开更多
A concentration-dependent decrease in biomass, protein, RNA, DNA, and nutrient (NO3- and PO43-) uptake of Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata by Cr, Ni, and Zn was detected. Cr was found to exert maximum toxicity followed ...A concentration-dependent decrease in biomass, protein, RNA, DNA, and nutrient (NO3- and PO43-) uptake of Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata by Cr, Ni, and Zn was detected. Cr was found to exert maximum toxicity followed by Ni and Zn. Metal uptake was dependent on time and concentration of metal in the external rnedium. Both the macrophytes, however, showed preference for Zn followed by Ni and Cr. The uptake kinetics also revealed a low Vmax and high Km for Cr. L. minor was more effcient in accumulating Zn and Cr than A. pinnata in Ni. Compared to immobilized algae and bacterial capsules the test macrophytes showed a greater efficiency for metal removal展开更多
Effects of pH, temperature, EDTA and photosynthetically available radiation on the uptake and toticity of Cd was investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. In general, Cd toxicity was ...Effects of pH, temperature, EDTA and photosynthetically available radiation on the uptake and toticity of Cd was investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. In general, Cd toxicity was accentuated in conditions which favoured enhanced intracellular Cd uptake. Extracellular binding and intracellular uptake of Cd were lowered at pH values ) 7 due to reduced availability of the aquo ion; consequently,toxicity was markedly reduced. At pH value (7, extracellular binding remained unaffected,although intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd were enhanced. This perhaps resulted from changes in membrane permeability as extracellular Cd binding was not affected by the decline in pH from 7 to 4. Moreover, speciation of Cd is known to remain unchanged throughout this pH range as most of the Cd (>99%) remains available as the aquo ion. The presence of EDTA in the medium decreased extracellular binding, intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd in test plants. This was due to formation of Cd-EDTA complex which was obviously not available to tcst plants. Elcvation of temperature increased intracellular Cd uptake and this resulted in enhanced toxic effects. Similarly, increase in photosynthetically available radiation caused a slight increase in Cd uptake and toxicity in test plants.obviously, rise in temperature or PAR increased metabolic activities of test plants thereby leading to increased Cd transport and toxicity展开更多
文摘A pH dependent reduction in growth, Pigment, ATP content, O,' evolution, carbonfixation, Photosynthetic electron transport system, nutrient uptake (NO,' and NH4+),nitrate reductase, and ATPase activities and increase in K+ emux of Chlorella vulgaris wasnoticed following supplementation of Cu and Ni to the culture medium. PS II was foundto be more sensitive to both pH and metals than PS I. Though, nitrate reductase (NR) wasmore sensitive to both PH and metals, the ATPase was however, more sensitive t0 metalsbut less sensitive to acidic pH. Acid PH was found to dst the nutrient (NO,' and NH4+)uptake and nitrate reductase in a non-competitive manner. The inhibition Pnduced by thetest metals alone was of noncompetitive type for NO3' uptake, nitrate reductase andATPase and competitive for NH'+ uptake. Acidity not only inhibited the metabolicvariables directly but also through facilitated uptake of metals and increased membranepermeability. A very low sensitivity of ATPase to acidic pH seems to be resgnsible forthe survival of algae in acid environment.
文摘A. pinnata showed a remarkable ability of taking up Cd from the external medium. Of the total Cd taken up by the test plant, surface adsorption was about 90%. Cd adsorption did not occur at a constant rate, however, an equilibrium was reached in 2 h. The uptake of Cd occurred at a constant rate. Test cations, including heavy metals (Ca, Mg, K, Na,Ni, Fe, Cu and Zn), inhibited adsorption as well as uptake of Cd. Cd adsorption was competitively inhibited by Cu, Fe and Zn, whereas Ca, Mg, K, Na and Ni caused non-competitive inhibition. Similarly, Cd uptake was competitively (Ca, Mg, Fe) or non-competitively (Na, K, Ni, Zn) inhibited by cations. Inhibition of Cd uptake by Cu was not wholly competitive
文摘A concentration-dependent decrease in biomass, protein, RNA, DNA, and nutrient (NO3- and PO43-) uptake of Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata by Cr, Ni, and Zn was detected. Cr was found to exert maximum toxicity followed by Ni and Zn. Metal uptake was dependent on time and concentration of metal in the external rnedium. Both the macrophytes, however, showed preference for Zn followed by Ni and Cr. The uptake kinetics also revealed a low Vmax and high Km for Cr. L. minor was more effcient in accumulating Zn and Cr than A. pinnata in Ni. Compared to immobilized algae and bacterial capsules the test macrophytes showed a greater efficiency for metal removal
文摘Effects of pH, temperature, EDTA and photosynthetically available radiation on the uptake and toticity of Cd was investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. In general, Cd toxicity was accentuated in conditions which favoured enhanced intracellular Cd uptake. Extracellular binding and intracellular uptake of Cd were lowered at pH values ) 7 due to reduced availability of the aquo ion; consequently,toxicity was markedly reduced. At pH value (7, extracellular binding remained unaffected,although intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd were enhanced. This perhaps resulted from changes in membrane permeability as extracellular Cd binding was not affected by the decline in pH from 7 to 4. Moreover, speciation of Cd is known to remain unchanged throughout this pH range as most of the Cd (>99%) remains available as the aquo ion. The presence of EDTA in the medium decreased extracellular binding, intracellular uptake and toxicity of Cd in test plants. This was due to formation of Cd-EDTA complex which was obviously not available to tcst plants. Elcvation of temperature increased intracellular Cd uptake and this resulted in enhanced toxic effects. Similarly, increase in photosynthetically available radiation caused a slight increase in Cd uptake and toxicity in test plants.obviously, rise in temperature or PAR increased metabolic activities of test plants thereby leading to increased Cd transport and toxicity
