As Central Asia is a region with wide spread water scarcity as a result of excessive irrigation of agriculture, land use changes deserve research about potential impacts on the already strained water resources. Poplar...As Central Asia is a region with wide spread water scarcity as a result of excessive irrigation of agriculture, land use changes deserve research about potential impacts on the already strained water resources. Poplars have a long tradition as agroforestry tree across Central Asia, while paulownia is new to the region, but has been gaining extreme attention as a potential plantation and/or agroforestry tree. Therefore, the water productivity of those two tree species is investigated here on 3-year-old trees, in order to provide insights in how far the newly introduced Paulownia could put additional strain on water resources compared to paulownia. Poplar (<em>P. deltoides</em> × <em>nigra</em>) increased the stem biomass by 5.4 kg at an average water consumption of 4.18 l/d (water productivity 6.79 g/l). Paulownia’s (<em>Paulownia tomentosa</em> × <em>fortunei</em>) stem biomass grew by 4.81 kg at 2.36 l/d in average (water productivity 11.9 g/l). Expanding paulownia would not exert more pressure on Central Asia’s water resources than an expansion of poplar.展开更多
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions....Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions.Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia.Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach,we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases,anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence,and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks.We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions.Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases(2,026).In Eastern Asia,China was the only country that reported CCHF cases(287).In South-eastern Asia,no cases were reported.Next,we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels.Six countries(China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan)were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’surveillance systems.Two countries(Mongolia and Myanmar)were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases.Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks.Collectively,this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.展开更多
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are considered to be the most promising thirdgeneration photovoltaic(PV) technology with the most rapid rate of increase in the power conversion efficiency(PCE). T...Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are considered to be the most promising thirdgeneration photovoltaic(PV) technology with the most rapid rate of increase in the power conversion efficiency(PCE). To date, their PCE values are comparable to the established photovoltaic technologies such as crystalline silicon. Intensive research activities associated with PSCs have been being performed,since 2009, aiming to further boost the device performance in terms of efficiency and stability via different strategies in order to accelerate the progress of commercialization. The emerging 2 D black phosphorus(BP) is a novel class of semiconducting material owing to its unique characteristics, allowing them to become attractive materials for applications in a variety of optical and electronic devices, which have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. However, comprehensive reviews focusing on the application of BP in PSCs are scarce in the community. This review discusses the research works with the incorporation of BP as a functional material in PSCs. The methodology as well as the effects of employing BP in different regions of PSCs are summarized. Further challenges and potential research directions are also highlighted.展开更多
A new species, Phraortes lii sp. nov., from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The female of P. corniformis Chen＆ He, 1993 is firstly described. The examined material including types and non-types are depo...A new species, Phraortes lii sp. nov., from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The female of P. corniformis Chen＆ He, 1993 is firstly described. The examined material including types and non-types are deposited in Hong Kong Entomological Society, Hong Kong, China.展开更多
This paper describes two new genera and two new species,Megacnipsomorpha gen nov.,Parapachymorpha granulata sp.nov.,Parapachymorpha parvicorne sp.nov.,and Spinoparapachymorpha gen nov.,from Medaurini of China.
Privacy protection for big data linking is discussed here in relation to the Central Statistics Office （CSO）, Ireland＇s, big data linking project titled the ＇Structure of Earnings Survey - Administrative Data Proj...Privacy protection for big data linking is discussed here in relation to the Central Statistics Office （CSO）, Ireland＇s, big data linking project titled the ＇Structure of Earnings Survey - Administrative Data Project＇ （SESADP）. The result of the project was the creation of datasets and statistical outputs for the years 2011 to 2014 to meet Eurostat＇s annual earnings statistics requirements and the Structure of Earnings Survey （SES） Regulation. Record linking across the Census and various public sector datasets enabled the necessary information to be acquired to meet the Eurostat earnings requirements. However, the risk of statistical disclosure （i.e. identifying an individual on the dataset） is high unless privacy and confidentiality safe-guards are built into the data matching process. This paper looks at the three methods of linking records on big datasets employed on the SESADP, and how to anonymise the data to protect the identity of the individuals, where potentially disclosive variables exist.展开更多
This paper describes how data records can be matched across large datasets using a technique called the Identity Correlation Approach （ICA）. The ICA technique is then compared with a string matching exercise. Both t...This paper describes how data records can be matched across large datasets using a technique called the Identity Correlation Approach （ICA）. The ICA technique is then compared with a string matching exercise. Both the string matching exercise and the ICA technique were employed for a big data project carried out by the CSO. The project was called the SESADP （Structure of Earnings Survey Administrative Data Project） and involved linking the Irish Census dataset 2011 to a large Public Sector Dataset. The ICA technique provides a mathematical tool to link the datasets and the matching rate for an exact match can be calculated before the matching process begins. Based on the number of variables and the size of the population, the matching rate is calculated in the ICA approach from the MRUI （Matching Rate for Unique Identifier） formula, and false positives are eliminated. No string matching is used in the ICA, therefore names are not required on the dataset, making the data more secure ＆ ensuring confidentiality. The SESADP Project was highly successful using the ICA technique. A comparison of the results using a string matching exercise for the SESADP and the ICA are discussed here.展开更多
Climate change has major impacts on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.The unpredictable weather conditions in rural Nepal have been attributed to a changing climate.This study explored the climate change...Climate change has major impacts on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.The unpredictable weather conditions in rural Nepal have been attributed to a changing climate.This study explored the climate change adaptation and coping strategies that rural communities adopt for the conservation of natural resources and livelihoods in the mid-hills of Nepal.This paper explored major climatic hazards,assessed different coping and adaptation measures,and barrier faced to climate change adaptation based on perceptions by forest-dependent communities.We conducted focus group discussions,questionnaire surveys,and semistructured interviews with local communities and stakeholders.The results showed that rural communities had experienced significant impacts of climate change and variability.In response,they are practicing diverse coping and adaptation strategies,including the construction of bioengineering structures and planting different species that grow quickly and establish promptly.展开更多
In this study, one new genus, six new species and two new subspecies from the Necrosciinae of Vietnam are described and illustrated, namely Asceles hirsutus sp. nov., A.maculatus sp. nov., Lamachodes brocki sp. nov., ...In this study, one new genus, six new species and two new subspecies from the Necrosciinae of Vietnam are described and illustrated, namely Asceles hirsutus sp. nov., A.maculatus sp. nov., Lamachodes brocki sp. nov., Marmessoidea alata alata sp. nov. ＆ subsp. nov., M. alata elongata subsp. nov., M. liuxingyuei sp. nov. and Neooxyartes zomproi gen nov. ＆ sp. nov.展开更多
Tropical Cyclones have their origins from areas of low atmospheric pressure over warm waters in the tropics or subtropics.We have carefully studied the interconnection between the West African Weather Systems(WAWS)and...Tropical Cyclones have their origins from areas of low atmospheric pressure over warm waters in the tropics or subtropics.We have carefully studied the interconnection between the West African Weather Systems(WAWS)and their subsequent development into Tropical Cyclones.Between 2004 and 2005,we studied the interconnection and the teleconnexion between the WAWS and the various occurrences展开更多
This study provides descriptions of three new species of the genus Pylaemenes St？l, 1875 from Vietnam, namely P. abramovi sp. nov.and P. konchurangensis sp. nov. and P.konkakinhensis sp. nov.
This paper reports the subfamily Xeroderinae Günther,1953 and the genus Xenophasmina Uvarov,1940 for the first time from China;describes a new genus and a new species,Sinoxenophasmina abbreviatum gen.&sp.nov....This paper reports the subfamily Xeroderinae Günther,1953 and the genus Xenophasmina Uvarov,1940 for the first time from China;describes a new genus and a new species,Sinoxenophasmina abbreviatum gen.&sp.nov.,from Yunnan,China;suggests a new combination and a new synonym,X.bedoti(Redtenbacher,1908)comb.nov.(=X.similis Redtenbacher,1908 syn.nov.);and reports two new record species,X.bedoti(Redtenbacher,1908)comb.nov.and X.fimbriatum(Redtenbacher,1908),from China.展开更多
Depending on the source, a reader may be left with the impression that Family Businesses （FBs） typically account for between 75% and 95% of all enterprises operating in an economy. This study, using official structu...Depending on the source, a reader may be left with the impression that Family Businesses （FBs） typically account for between 75% and 95% of all enterprises operating in an economy. This study, using official structural business statistics from Ireland, suggests that in fact family businesses may account for a considerably smaller share of the business economy, something closer to 46%. This paper attempts to explain how such a discrepancy can arise. Using the Annual Services Inquiry compiled by the Central Statistics Office （CSO） as the anchor dataset, micro data are linked to the e-Commerce and ICT survey, Community Innovation Survey and VAT registrations datasets in order to determine whether labour productivity in Family Businesses （FBs） is significantly different to that of Non-Family Businesses （NFBs） and if Information and Communication Technologies （ICT） or innovation has an impact. The paper also highlights the significant impact that Foreign Direct Investment （FDI） makes to the Irish economy. This analysis is particularly relevant for a small open economy like Ireland where 31% of traded services GVA and 15% of employment is generated by multinational enterprises.展开更多
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in determining the amount of water needed for crops, which is crucial to correct irrigation planning. FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) is among the most popular method to ...Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in determining the amount of water needed for crops, which is crucial to correct irrigation planning. FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) is among the most popular method to estimate ETo. Apparently sometimes it is difficult to compute ETo using Penman-Monteith due to challenges on data availability. FAO Penman-Monteith method requires many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and humidity), while Hargreaves-Samani method calculates ETo based on air temperature. Because Central Asia is a data limited region with weather stations unable to provide all required parameters for the PM method, this study aimed to estimate ETo using the Hargreaves and Samani (HS) method in Karshi Steppe, in Kashkadarya province, in southern Uzbekistan, based on data from 2011 to 2017. Reference evapotranspiration calculated by non-modified HS method is underestimated during the summer months. The reason for this underestimation might be higher air temperature and wind speed during these months. Therefore, the HS method in its original form cannot be used in our study area to estimate ETo. Modification of the EToHS, through application of a bias correction factor, had better performance and allowed improving the accuracy of the ETo calculation for this region. The calculated ETo values can inform decision making and management practices regarding water allocation, irrigation scheduling and crop selection in dry land regions of Amudarya river basin and the greater Central Asia area.展开更多
In this paper the authors wish to introduce an application of the gravitational model through two concrete examples. In their investigation the gravitational model was transformed to analyze the spatial structure of E...In this paper the authors wish to introduce an application of the gravitational model through two concrete examples. In their investigation the gravitational model was transformed to analyze the spatial structure of Europe, and the impact of accessibility in Hungary. In this analysis not only the size of gravitational forces but their direction can also be measured. Displacements were illustrated by a bi-dimensional regression, which gives a new perspective to the investigation of spatial structure.展开更多
The following five species and six subspecies in the genus Neohirasea Rehn from Vietnam are described as new to science：N.biserrata sp.nov.,N.bispina bispina sp.nov.＆subsp.nov.,N.bispina babeensis subsp.nov.,N.catba...The following five species and six subspecies in the genus Neohirasea Rehn from Vietnam are described as new to science：N.biserrata sp.nov.,N.bispina bispina sp.nov.＆subsp.nov.,N.bispina babeensis subsp.nov.,N.catbaensis sp.nov.,N.coomani sp.nov.,N.hilli hilli sp.nov.＆subsp.nov.,N.hilli nahangensis subsp.nov.,N.hilli vietnamensis subsp.nov.and N.maerens pseudomaerens subsp.nov.A key to the Vietnamese species and subspecies of this genus is provided.展开更多
In Hungary a general agricultural census （AC） was carried out in 2000, followed in 2001 by the population and housing census. The two censuses had been designed separately. Originally the Hungarian Central Statistic...In Hungary a general agricultural census （AC） was carried out in 2000, followed in 2001 by the population and housing census. The two censuses had been designed separately. Originally the Hungarian Central Statistical Office （HCSO） did not plan the joint analysis of the data of the two censuses. Following the censuses users and researchers expressed the view that linking the data of the two databases would represent a value-added in the use of the data and the joint utilization of the databases of the two censuses was examined. The databases were matched and the aggregated handling of the information increased the potential for analysing both censuses and allowed further, more sophisticated investigations. By means of the databases of the two censuses, the first opportunity arose for matching the discrete data of the surveys. The precondition of the matching of the data was the conformity of the respective metadata of the two operations. ,,Private holding＂ and ,,dwelling-household＂ were the categories applicable as the smallest unit for the matching. The links between the private holdings and the households could be based on the identity of the persons living in the dwelling. The matching of the data required the use of individual identity codes. With the matching process used a joint database of the agricultural and population censuses was set up providing new approaches for gender disaggregated analysis. By using the linked database, the HCSO issued a series of publications on the households living in agricultural private holdings in the countryside. This presentation describes the method of matching the databases of the two censuses.展开更多
Many organizations have datasets which contain a high volume of personal data on individuals,e.g.,health data.Even without a name or address,persons can be identified based on the details(variables)on the dataset.This...Many organizations have datasets which contain a high volume of personal data on individuals,e.g.,health data.Even without a name or address,persons can be identified based on the details(variables)on the dataset.This is an important issue for big data holders such as public sector organizations(e.g.,Public Health Organizations)and social media companies.This paper looks at how individuals can be identified from big data using a mathematical approach and how to apply this mathematical solution to prevent accidental disclosure of a person’s details.The mathematical concept is known as the“Identity Correlation Approach”(ICA)and demonstrates how an individual can be identified without a name or address using a unique set of characteristics(variables).Secondly,having identified the individual person,it shows how a solution can be put in place to prevent accidental disclosure of the personal details.Thirdly,how to store data such that accidental leaks of the datasets do not lead to the disclosure of the personal details to unauthorized users.展开更多
文摘As Central Asia is a region with wide spread water scarcity as a result of excessive irrigation of agriculture, land use changes deserve research about potential impacts on the already strained water resources. Poplars have a long tradition as agroforestry tree across Central Asia, while paulownia is new to the region, but has been gaining extreme attention as a potential plantation and/or agroforestry tree. Therefore, the water productivity of those two tree species is investigated here on 3-year-old trees, in order to provide insights in how far the newly introduced Paulownia could put additional strain on water resources compared to paulownia. Poplar (<em>P. deltoides</em> × <em>nigra</em>) increased the stem biomass by 5.4 kg at an average water consumption of 4.18 l/d (water productivity 6.79 g/l). Paulownia’s (<em>Paulownia tomentosa</em> × <em>fortunei</em>) stem biomass grew by 4.81 kg at 2.36 l/d in average (water productivity 11.9 g/l). Expanding paulownia would not exert more pressure on Central Asia’s water resources than an expansion of poplar.
基金supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions,LLC,prime contract with the U.S.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)under Contract No.HHSN272201800013CJ.H.K.performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services(TGS),a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions,LLC,under Contract No.HHSN272201800013C.
文摘Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF),caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),is endemic in Africa,Asia,and Europe,but CCHF epidemiology and epizootiology is only rudimentarily defined for most regions.Here we summarize what is known about CCHF in Central,Eastern,and South-eastern Asia.Searching multiple international and country-specific databases using a One Health approach,we defined disease risk and burden through identification of CCHF cases,anti-CCHFV antibody prevalence,and CCHFV isolation from vector ticks.We identified 2313 CCHF cases that occurred in 1944–2021 in the three examined regions.Central Asian countries reported the majority of cases(2,026).In Eastern Asia,China was the only country that reported CCHF cases(287).In South-eastern Asia,no cases were reported.Next,we leveraged our previously established classification scheme to assign countries to five CCHF evidence levels.Six countries(China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan)were assigned to level 1 or level 2 based on CCHF case reports and the maturity of the countries’surveillance systems.Two countries(Mongolia and Myanmar)were assigned to level 3 due to evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of reported CCHF cases.Thirteen countries in Eastern and South-eastern Asia were categorized in levels 4 and 5 based on prevalence of CCHFV vector ticks.Collectively,this paper describes the past and present status of CCHF reporting to inform international and local public-health agencies to strengthen or establish CCHFV surveillance systems and address shortcomings.
基金the Scientific Research Grant from Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan(AP08856931)the Nazarbayev University(110119FD4506,021220CRP0422)。
文摘Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are considered to be the most promising thirdgeneration photovoltaic(PV) technology with the most rapid rate of increase in the power conversion efficiency(PCE). To date, their PCE values are comparable to the established photovoltaic technologies such as crystalline silicon. Intensive research activities associated with PSCs have been being performed,since 2009, aiming to further boost the device performance in terms of efficiency and stability via different strategies in order to accelerate the progress of commercialization. The emerging 2 D black phosphorus(BP) is a novel class of semiconducting material owing to its unique characteristics, allowing them to become attractive materials for applications in a variety of optical and electronic devices, which have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. However, comprehensive reviews focusing on the application of BP in PSCs are scarce in the community. This review discusses the research works with the incorporation of BP as a functional material in PSCs. The methodology as well as the effects of employing BP in different regions of PSCs are summarized. Further challenges and potential research directions are also highlighted.
文摘A new species, Phraortes lii sp. nov., from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The female of P. corniformis Chen＆ He, 1993 is firstly described. The examined material including types and non-types are deposited in Hong Kong Entomological Society, Hong Kong, China.
文摘This paper describes two new genera and two new species,Megacnipsomorpha gen nov.,Parapachymorpha granulata sp.nov.,Parapachymorpha parvicorne sp.nov.,and Spinoparapachymorpha gen nov.,from Medaurini of China.
文摘Privacy protection for big data linking is discussed here in relation to the Central Statistics Office （CSO）, Ireland＇s, big data linking project titled the ＇Structure of Earnings Survey - Administrative Data Project＇ （SESADP）. The result of the project was the creation of datasets and statistical outputs for the years 2011 to 2014 to meet Eurostat＇s annual earnings statistics requirements and the Structure of Earnings Survey （SES） Regulation. Record linking across the Census and various public sector datasets enabled the necessary information to be acquired to meet the Eurostat earnings requirements. However, the risk of statistical disclosure （i.e. identifying an individual on the dataset） is high unless privacy and confidentiality safe-guards are built into the data matching process. This paper looks at the three methods of linking records on big datasets employed on the SESADP, and how to anonymise the data to protect the identity of the individuals, where potentially disclosive variables exist.
文摘This paper describes how data records can be matched across large datasets using a technique called the Identity Correlation Approach （ICA）. The ICA technique is then compared with a string matching exercise. Both the string matching exercise and the ICA technique were employed for a big data project carried out by the CSO. The project was called the SESADP （Structure of Earnings Survey Administrative Data Project） and involved linking the Irish Census dataset 2011 to a large Public Sector Dataset. The ICA technique provides a mathematical tool to link the datasets and the matching rate for an exact match can be calculated before the matching process begins. Based on the number of variables and the size of the population, the matching rate is calculated in the ICA approach from the MRUI （Matching Rate for Unique Identifier） formula, and false positives are eliminated. No string matching is used in the ICA, therefore names are not required on the dataset, making the data more secure ＆ ensuring confidentiality. The SESADP Project was highly successful using the ICA technique. A comparison of the results using a string matching exercise for the SESADP and the ICA are discussed here.
文摘Climate change has major impacts on the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.The unpredictable weather conditions in rural Nepal have been attributed to a changing climate.This study explored the climate change adaptation and coping strategies that rural communities adopt for the conservation of natural resources and livelihoods in the mid-hills of Nepal.This paper explored major climatic hazards,assessed different coping and adaptation measures,and barrier faced to climate change adaptation based on perceptions by forest-dependent communities.We conducted focus group discussions,questionnaire surveys,and semistructured interviews with local communities and stakeholders.The results showed that rural communities had experienced significant impacts of climate change and variability.In response,they are practicing diverse coping and adaptation strategies,including the construction of bioengineering structures and planting different species that grow quickly and establish promptly.
文摘In this study, one new genus, six new species and two new subspecies from the Necrosciinae of Vietnam are described and illustrated, namely Asceles hirsutus sp. nov., A.maculatus sp. nov., Lamachodes brocki sp. nov., Marmessoidea alata alata sp. nov. ＆ subsp. nov., M. alata elongata subsp. nov., M. liuxingyuei sp. nov. and Neooxyartes zomproi gen nov. ＆ sp. nov.
文摘Tropical Cyclones have their origins from areas of low atmospheric pressure over warm waters in the tropics or subtropics.We have carefully studied the interconnection between the West African Weather Systems(WAWS)and their subsequent development into Tropical Cyclones.Between 2004 and 2005,we studied the interconnection and the teleconnexion between the WAWS and the various occurrences
文摘This study provides descriptions of three new species of the genus Pylaemenes St？l, 1875 from Vietnam, namely P. abramovi sp. nov.and P. konchurangensis sp. nov. and P.konkakinhensis sp. nov.
文摘This paper reports the subfamily Xeroderinae Günther,1953 and the genus Xenophasmina Uvarov,1940 for the first time from China;describes a new genus and a new species,Sinoxenophasmina abbreviatum gen.&sp.nov.,from Yunnan,China;suggests a new combination and a new synonym,X.bedoti(Redtenbacher,1908)comb.nov.(=X.similis Redtenbacher,1908 syn.nov.);and reports two new record species,X.bedoti(Redtenbacher,1908)comb.nov.and X.fimbriatum(Redtenbacher,1908),from China.
文摘Depending on the source, a reader may be left with the impression that Family Businesses （FBs） typically account for between 75% and 95% of all enterprises operating in an economy. This study, using official structural business statistics from Ireland, suggests that in fact family businesses may account for a considerably smaller share of the business economy, something closer to 46%. This paper attempts to explain how such a discrepancy can arise. Using the Annual Services Inquiry compiled by the Central Statistics Office （CSO） as the anchor dataset, micro data are linked to the e-Commerce and ICT survey, Community Innovation Survey and VAT registrations datasets in order to determine whether labour productivity in Family Businesses （FBs） is significantly different to that of Non-Family Businesses （NFBs） and if Information and Communication Technologies （ICT） or innovation has an impact. The paper also highlights the significant impact that Foreign Direct Investment （FDI） makes to the Irish economy. This analysis is particularly relevant for a small open economy like Ireland where 31% of traded services GVA and 15% of employment is generated by multinational enterprises.
文摘Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in determining the amount of water needed for crops, which is crucial to correct irrigation planning. FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) is among the most popular method to estimate ETo. Apparently sometimes it is difficult to compute ETo using Penman-Monteith due to challenges on data availability. FAO Penman-Monteith method requires many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and humidity), while Hargreaves-Samani method calculates ETo based on air temperature. Because Central Asia is a data limited region with weather stations unable to provide all required parameters for the PM method, this study aimed to estimate ETo using the Hargreaves and Samani (HS) method in Karshi Steppe, in Kashkadarya province, in southern Uzbekistan, based on data from 2011 to 2017. Reference evapotranspiration calculated by non-modified HS method is underestimated during the summer months. The reason for this underestimation might be higher air temperature and wind speed during these months. Therefore, the HS method in its original form cannot be used in our study area to estimate ETo. Modification of the EToHS, through application of a bias correction factor, had better performance and allowed improving the accuracy of the ETo calculation for this region. The calculated ETo values can inform decision making and management practices regarding water allocation, irrigation scheduling and crop selection in dry land regions of Amudarya river basin and the greater Central Asia area.
文摘In this paper the authors wish to introduce an application of the gravitational model through two concrete examples. In their investigation the gravitational model was transformed to analyze the spatial structure of Europe, and the impact of accessibility in Hungary. In this analysis not only the size of gravitational forces but their direction can also be measured. Displacements were illustrated by a bi-dimensional regression, which gives a new perspective to the investigation of spatial structure.
文摘The following five species and six subspecies in the genus Neohirasea Rehn from Vietnam are described as new to science：N.biserrata sp.nov.,N.bispina bispina sp.nov.＆subsp.nov.,N.bispina babeensis subsp.nov.,N.catbaensis sp.nov.,N.coomani sp.nov.,N.hilli hilli sp.nov.＆subsp.nov.,N.hilli nahangensis subsp.nov.,N.hilli vietnamensis subsp.nov.and N.maerens pseudomaerens subsp.nov.A key to the Vietnamese species and subspecies of this genus is provided.
文摘In Hungary a general agricultural census （AC） was carried out in 2000, followed in 2001 by the population and housing census. The two censuses had been designed separately. Originally the Hungarian Central Statistical Office （HCSO） did not plan the joint analysis of the data of the two censuses. Following the censuses users and researchers expressed the view that linking the data of the two databases would represent a value-added in the use of the data and the joint utilization of the databases of the two censuses was examined. The databases were matched and the aggregated handling of the information increased the potential for analysing both censuses and allowed further, more sophisticated investigations. By means of the databases of the two censuses, the first opportunity arose for matching the discrete data of the surveys. The precondition of the matching of the data was the conformity of the respective metadata of the two operations. ,,Private holding＂ and ,,dwelling-household＂ were the categories applicable as the smallest unit for the matching. The links between the private holdings and the households could be based on the identity of the persons living in the dwelling. The matching of the data required the use of individual identity codes. With the matching process used a joint database of the agricultural and population censuses was set up providing new approaches for gender disaggregated analysis. By using the linked database, the HCSO issued a series of publications on the households living in agricultural private holdings in the countryside. This presentation describes the method of matching the databases of the two censuses.
文摘Many organizations have datasets which contain a high volume of personal data on individuals,e.g.,health data.Even without a name or address,persons can be identified based on the details(variables)on the dataset.This is an important issue for big data holders such as public sector organizations(e.g.,Public Health Organizations)and social media companies.This paper looks at how individuals can be identified from big data using a mathematical approach and how to apply this mathematical solution to prevent accidental disclosure of a person’s details.The mathematical concept is known as the“Identity Correlation Approach”(ICA)and demonstrates how an individual can be identified without a name or address using a unique set of characteristics(variables).Secondly,having identified the individual person,it shows how a solution can be put in place to prevent accidental disclosure of the personal details.Thirdly,how to store data such that accidental leaks of the datasets do not lead to the disclosure of the personal details to unauthorized users.
