OBJECTIVE:To reveal the antidepressant mechanisms of Jiawei DanZhiXiaoYaoSan(加味丹栀逍遥散,JD)in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression in mice.METHODS:Using the CUMS mouse model of depression,the...OBJECTIVE:To reveal the antidepressant mechanisms of Jiawei DanZhiXiaoYaoSan(加味丹栀逍遥散,JD)in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression in mice.METHODS:Using the CUMS mouse model of depression,the antidepressant effects of JD were assessed using the sucrose preference test(SPT),forced swimming test(FST),and tail suspension test(TST).Tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the brain was performed following JD treatment.Hierarchical clustering,Gene Ontology function annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interactions(PPIs)were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins(DEPs),which were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR)and Western blotting.RESULTS:Behavioral tests confirmed the antidepressant effects of JD,and bioinformatics analysis revealed 59 DEPs,including 33 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated proteins,between the CUMS and JD-M groups.KEGG and PPI analyses revealed that neurofilament proteins and the Ras signaling pathway may be key targets of JD in the treatment of depression.q RTPCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that CUMS reduced the protein expression of neurofilament light(NEFL)and medium(NEFM)and inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),whereas JD promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and up-regulated the protein expression of NEFL and NEFM.CONCLUSIONS:The antidepressant mechanism of JD may be related to the up-regulation of p-ERK1/2 and neurofilament proteins.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
Soilcrete is a composite material of soil and cement that is highly valued in the construction industry.Accurate measurement of its mechanical properties is essential,but laboratory testing methods are expensive,timec...Soilcrete is a composite material of soil and cement that is highly valued in the construction industry.Accurate measurement of its mechanical properties is essential,but laboratory testing methods are expensive,timeconsuming,and include inaccuracies.Machine learning(ML)algorithms provide a more efficient alternative for this purpose,so after assessment with a statistical extraction method,ML algorithms including back-propagation neural network(BPNN),K-nearest neighbor(KNN),radial basis function(RBF),feed-forward neural networks(FFNN),and support vector regression(SVR)for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of soilcrete,were proposed in this study.The developed models in this study were optimized using an optimization technique,gradient descent(GD),throughout the analysis(direct optimization for neural networks and indirect optimization for other models corresponding to their hyperparameters).After doing laboratory analysis,data pre-preprocessing,and data-processing analysis,a database including 600 soilcrete specimens was gathered,which includes two different soil types(clay and limestone)and metakaolin as a mineral additive.80%of the database was used for the training set and 20%for testing,considering eight input parameters,including metakaolin content,soil type,superplasticizer content,water-to-binder ratio,shrinkage,binder,density,and ultrasonic velocity.The analysis showed that most algorithms performed well in the prediction,with BPNN,KNN,and RBF having higher accuracy compared to others(R^(2)=0.95,0.95,0.92,respectively).Based on this evaluation,it was observed that all models show an acceptable accuracy rate in prediction(RMSE:BPNN=0.11,FFNN=0.24,KNN=0.05,SVR=0.06,RBF=0.05,MAD:BPNN=0.006,FFNN=0.012,KNN=0.008,SVR=0.006,RBF=0.009).The ML importance ranking-sensitivity analysis indicated that all input parameters influence theUCS of soilcrete,especially the water-to-binder ratio and density,which have themost impact.展开更多
This study presents a closed-form solution for central stress,a semi-analytical model,and a modified anisotropic semi-analytical model to efficiently calculate the forcefrequency coefficients(FFCs)of square quartz cry...This study presents a closed-form solution for central stress,a semi-analytical model,and a modified anisotropic semi-analytical model to efficiently calculate the forcefrequency coefficients(FFCs)of square quartz crystal resonators(QCRs)with different side lengths and azimuth angles under eccentrically concentrated and distributed loads.The semi-analytical model is validated by comparisons between the experimental results and the nonlinear finite element method(FEM)simulation results.Based on the semi-analytical model for the FFC and nonlinear FEM simulations,the FFC variations of square QCRs under external loads and the related mechanisms are investigated.Among the initial stresses caused by external loads,the central stress parallel to the xcrystallographic axis is the primary factor influencing the FFC of quartz.Our findings can provide practical tools for calculating the FFC,and help the design and development of square quartz force sensors.展开更多
The effect ofωiso andαprecipitation on microstructure,microhardness,tensile properties and impact toughness of Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe(TNTZF)alloy was investigated.The results showed that the solution treated TNTZF a...The effect ofωiso andαprecipitation on microstructure,microhardness,tensile properties and impact toughness of Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe(TNTZF)alloy was investigated.The results showed that the solution treated TNTZF alloy with a small amount of nano-sizedωath particles inβmatrix possesses tensile strength of 697 MPa,elongation of~34%,Young’s modulus(YM)of 75 GPa,and impact toughness of 58.7 J/cm^(2).After aging at relatively lower temperatures of 400℃,the hardness and modulus of the alloy increased significantly,while the plasticity and toughness dropped sharply due to the precipitation ofωiso phase.ωiso phase displayed an ellipsoidal morphology with high volume fraction and a size of about 50 nm after aging at 400℃,leading to the highest hardness of 364 HV and YM of 108 GPa,along with completely embrittlement since elongation and toughness were almost zero.A brittle impact fracture morphology was observed in the alloy,which is dominated by intergranular fracture,with a mixed fracture characteristics of cleavage surfaces,terraces and tiny dimples.When aged at 550℃,plate-likeαdistributed inβmatrix uniformly and inβgrain boundaries in parallel,resulting in the high strength of 804 MPa,as well as lowest YM of 72 GPa,elongation of 9%and toughness of 35.8 J/cm^(2).The fracture morphology of the alloy aged at 550℃showed a ductile fracture mechanism with a large number of dimples.展开更多
Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chroma...Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chromatographic profile,and antifungal of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.albedinis(Foa),the pathogen responsible for Bayoud disease in date palm.The oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and characterized using thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealing multiple fractions corresponding to terpenoid constituents and 23 chemical constituents,predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes(68.51%),with piperitenone oxide as the major component(62.53%).The antifungal efficacy was evaluated against ten(10)isolates of F.o.a across seven(07)concentrations different concentrations.(0;0.25;0.5;0.75;1;1.25;1.5μL/mL).The results obtained show a progressive decrease in the diameters of the colonies of F.o.a isolates by increasing the doses of EOMR.The percentage of inhibition varies from 7.82 to 83.41%;However,the dose of 1.75μL/mL showed 100%inhibition for all F.o.a isolates tested.These outcomes demonstrate the potential of M.rotundifolia essential oil as a natural,environmentally friendly antifungal agent,supporting its application in sustainable management strategies for Bayoud disease in date palm.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The pharmacological actions of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） lie in removing free radicals, anti-inflammation and anti-oxygenation. It can also improve memory and behavior in rat models of Alzheime...BACKGROUND： The pharmacological actions of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） lie in removing free radicals, anti-inflammation and anti-oxygenation. It can also improve memory and behavior in rat models of Alzheimer＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： Using the Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and RT-PCR, this study aimed to measure improvement in spatial learning, memory, expression of amyloid precursor protein （App） and β -amyloid （A β ）, to investigate the mechanism of action of PNS in the treatment of AD in the senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 （SAMP8） and compare the effects with huperzine A. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment was performed in the Center for Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University from July 2005 to April 2007. MATERIALS： Sixty male SAMP8 mice, aged 3 months, purchased from Tianjin Chinese Traditional Medical University of China, were divided into four groups： PNS high-dosage group, PNS low-dosage group, huperzine A group and control group. PNS was provided by Weihe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch No.： Z53021485, Yuxi, Yunan Province, China）. Huperzine A was provided by Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch No.： 20040801, Zhejiang, China）. METHODS： The high-dosage group and low-dosage group were treated with 93.50 and 23.38 mg/kg PNS respectively per day and the huperzine A group was treated with 0.038 6 mg/kg huperzine A per day, all by intragastric administration, for 8 consecutive weeks. The same volume of double distilled water was given to the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After drug administration, learning and memory abilities were assessed by place navigation and spatial probe tests. The recording indices consisted of escape latency （time-to-platform）, and the percentage of swimming time spent in each quadrant. The number of A β 1-40, A β 1-42 and App immunopositive neurons in the brains of SAMP8 mice was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA content ofApp, tau, acetylcholinesterase, and synaptophysin （Syp） was tested by real time PCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS： The PCR results show that PNS can downregulate the expression of the App gene and upregulate the expression of the Syp gene in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. The therapeutic effects of the PNS high-dosage group were greater than those of the PNS low-dosage group and the huperzine A group （P 〈 0.05）. The results of the Morris water maze and immunohistochemistry indicated that PNS can improve the capacity for spatial learning and memory in SAMP8 mice, and reduce the content of A β 1-40, A β 1-42 and expression of App in the brains of SAMP8 mice. The therapeutic effects of the PNS high-dosage group were greater than that of the PNS low-dosage group and the huperzine A group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： These results support the hypothesis that PNS plays a therapeutic and protective role on the pathological lesions and learning dysfunction of Alzheimer＇s disease. The therapeutic effects of PNS for Alzheimer＇s disease are possibly achieved through downregulating the expression of the App gene and upregulating the expression of the Syp gene. The therapeutic effects of PNS are dose-dependent and are greater than the effect of huperzine A.展开更多
The effects of thermal treatments on the structure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, and in vitro corrosion protection in artificial saliva(AS) were investigated for a newly developed Ti20 Nb13 Zr(TNZ) alloy. X...The effects of thermal treatments on the structure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, and in vitro corrosion protection in artificial saliva(AS) were investigated for a newly developed Ti20 Nb13 Zr(TNZ) alloy. XRD and SEM analyses were used for structural and microstructural analysis. The in vitro corrosion properties of the samples were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance techniques up to an immersion time of 168 h. The tribological characteristics were evaluated with a linear reciprocating tribometer. SEM analysis showed that solution treatment and aging influenced the size and distribution of α phase. The air-cooled and aged samples exhibited the highest microhardness and macrohardness, for which the wear resistances were 25% and 30% higher than that of the untreated sample, respectively. The cooling rate significantly influenced the corrosion resistance of the TNZ samples. The treated samples showed a reduced corrosion rate(50%) for long immersion time up to 168 h in AS. The furnace-cooled and aged samples exhibited the highest corrosion resistance after 168 h of immersion in AS. Among the treated samples, the aged sample showed enhanced mechanical properties, wear behavior, and in vitro corrosion resistance in AS.展开更多
A cyber physical system(CPS)is a complex system that integrates sensing,computation,control and networking into physical processes and objects over Internet.It plays a key role in modern industry since it connects phy...A cyber physical system(CPS)is a complex system that integrates sensing,computation,control and networking into physical processes and objects over Internet.It plays a key role in modern industry since it connects physical and cyber worlds.In order to meet ever-changing industrial requirements,its structures and functions are constantly improved.Meanwhile,new security issues have arisen.A ubiquitous problem is the fact that cyber attacks can cause significant damage to industrial systems,and thus has gained increasing attention from researchers and practitioners.This paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art results of cyber attacks on cyber physical systems.First,as typical system models are employed to study these systems,time-driven and event-driven systems are reviewed.Then,recent advances on three types of attacks,i.e.,those on availability,integrity,and confidentiality are discussed.In particular,the detailed studies on availability and integrity attacks are introduced from the perspective of attackers and defenders.Namely,both attack and defense strategies are discussed based on different system models.Some challenges and open issues are indicated to guide future research and inspire the further exploration of this increasingly important area.展开更多
Heavy metal accumulation and its influential factors were studied in the different land use soils, which would provide a theoretical basis for controlling the content of heavy metals in soils. To identify the effects ...Heavy metal accumulation and its influential factors were studied in the different land use soils, which would provide a theoretical basis for controlling the content of heavy metals in soils. To identify the effects of land use on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils, 148 soil samples were collected from four land use patterns including greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field in Siping area of Jilin Province, China, and Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn contents of those samples were determined with ICP and ICP-Mass. The result showed that there was a rather large difference in effects of the accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils under different land use patterns, except Pb. Based on the assessment which compared with background concentrations in soil, the higher accumulation of heavy metals was found in greenhouse and uncovered vegetable field, much less in maize field and forest field. The mean contents of heavy metals in soils from high to low were arranged in order of greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field. Cd and Cu had relatively serious accumulation in soils compared to Cr, Ni, As, and Zn. The mean content of Cd in greenhouse field was 0.467 mg kg-x,which exceeded the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion GB15618-1995 （6.5 〈pH〈7.5） for Cd standard of 0.3 mg kg^-1, while it was 5.2 times of Cd standard in the forest fields. The mean contents ofCr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, and Zn in soils under four land use patterns were lower than the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion. Compared with the soil cultivated years, the agricultural chemical compounds and manures application, especially the quality and quantity of applied fertilizer was one of the main reasons for leading to different accumulation of heavy metals in soils under the studied land use patterns. The accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils was significantly affected by land use patterns, among them the accumulation of heavy metals in greenhouse soils was higher than others. It is suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and pesticides with high contents of heavy metals should be avoided to prevent the accumulation of heavy metal and keep high quality soils for sustainable use.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Modem pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） can ameliorate and protect from neuropathological impairment. Whether PNS can improve the abnormality in memory and ...BACKGROUND： Modem pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） can ameliorate and protect from neuropathological impairment. Whether PNS can improve the abnormality in memory and behavior of rats with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： Based on a Morris water maze test, this study aimed to measure improvements of spatial learning and memory by PNS in a rat model of AD, and to compare effects with huperzine A. DESIGN： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Center of Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University. MATERIALS： Ninety healthy Wistar rats of both genders, 15-month-old （n =75） and 3-month-old rats as young controls （n =15）, were used for this study. The study was performed in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. PNS was provided by Weihe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd （permission No. Z53021485, Yuxi, Yunan Province, China）. Morris water maze equipment was provided by the Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Science. METHODS： This study was performed at the Center of Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University from June 2003 to April 2005. Of the included rats, 15 healthy aged rats were randomly chosen as aged controls, and the remaining 60 aged rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 rats in each： model group, PNS high- and low-dose groups, and an huperzine A group. Rats in the model group and the 3 treated groups were treated with intraperitoneal infusion of 9.6 g/L D-galactose （5 mL/kg） every day for 6 weeks successively to induce a subacute aging model. During week 7, animals received 1 μ L ibotenic acid （5 g/L） bilaterally into the nucleus basalis of Meynert to create a rat model of AD. The young and old rat controls received, in parallel, a corresponding volume of saline. Two weeks later, rats in the PNS high- and low-dose groups were gavaged with 200 and 100 mg/kg PNS suspension, respectively. Huperzine A suspension （0.3 mg/kg） was used in the huperzine A group. Rats in the other 3 groups were gavaged with a corresponding volume of normal saline. In each group, administration was carried out once per day for 4 consecutive weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After administration, learning and memory abilities were measured by place navigation and spatial probe tests. Recording indices consisted of escape latency （time-to-platform）, number of times to find the platform within 2 minutes, number of times the animal crosses the original platform location, and the percent of swimming time in each quadrant. RESULTS： Several rats died due to inflammatory reactions following brain lesion or intragastric administration; therefore, 61 rats were included in the final analysis. Results of spatial navigation test： Escape latency of rats in the model group was significantly prolonged, and number of times to find the platform within 2 minutes were significantly reduced compared with other groups （both P 〈 0.05）. No significant differences in these two indices were measured among the administration groups （all P 〉 0.05）. Results of spatial probe test： Times for crossing the original platform location and percent of time spent in the quadrant of original platform location were significantly less in the model group than in the other groups （P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in these two indices among the administration groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： PNS can remarkably improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with AD. The therapeutic effect of PNS is not dose-dependent and is equivalent to the effect of huperzine A.展开更多
The effect of rare earth oxides （RE=Ce, La, Gd, and Dy） doping of alumina support in NiO/7-A1203 system was investi- gated on its catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） of cyclohexane. The physic...The effect of rare earth oxides （RE=Ce, La, Gd, and Dy） doping of alumina support in NiO/7-A1203 system was investi- gated on its catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） of cyclohexane. The physicochemical properties of various samples were followed up through N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and potentiometric acid-base titration techniques. In the parent NiO/y-A1203 catalyst, Ni species were found to be strongly interacted with alumina surface. Addition of rare earth dopants to ）＇-A1203 in the catalyst system affected the nickel-alumina interaction and resulted in significant modifications in the catalytic performances in the ODH reaction. The results re- vealed the beneficial role of both La203 and Gd2Os doping in enhancing the ODH catalytic activity and selectivity to cyclohexene. H2-TPR and XPS results indicated that majority of Ni species in NiO/La203 modified T-A1203 were more weakly interacted with La203 and alumina whereas both NiO like species and nickel aluminate were present on the surface. Doping with cerium or dyspro- sium increased the nickel-support interaction and led to a decrease in surface nickel concentration. In case of doping with Ce, surface concentration of cerium oxide was higher than those of the other RE oxides; the doped catalyst reached its steady state activity faster than the other catalysts. The acid-base results suggested that RE metals were interacted most likely with acidic surface hydroxyl groups. The degree of nickel-alumina interaction decreased in the following order： LaAI〉GdAI〉CeAI〉DyA1.展开更多
Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spect...Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The absorption, emission spectra and fluorescence decay studies were carried out both at low and room temperatures. Results showed the existence of several sites occupied by the rare earth ions in the phosphate glass. Up-conversion and cooperative fluorescence were also discussed.展开更多
AIM： To study the effect of celecoxib （CXB） on diethylnitrosamine activation through the regulation of cytochrome P450 in a hepatocarcinogenesis model.METHODS： Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly d...AIM： To study the effect of celecoxib （CXB） on diethylnitrosamine activation through the regulation of cytochrome P450 in a hepatocarcinogenesis model.METHODS： Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, a non-treated group （NT）, a diethylnitrosamine-treated group （DEN）, a DEN＋CXB-treated group （DEN＋CXB）,and CXB 8 d-treated and CXB 32 d-treated groups. The effects of celecoxib on the enzymatic activities of CYP1A1, 2A, 2B1/2, and 2E1 were assessed in hepatic microsomes 24 h after DEN administration.Changes in CYPIA1 and CYP2B1/2 protein expression were also evaluated. The rate of DEN metabolism was measured by the production of the deethylation metabolite acetaldehyde, and the denitrosation metabolite nitrite.RESULTS： DEN＋CXB administration produced a significant increase in the enzymatic activities ofCYP2B1/2 and 1A1, whereas it did not change the activities of CYP2A and 2E1, compared to that of the DEN group. CXB treatment for eight days did not produce a significant effect on enzymatic activity when compared to the NT group; however, when it was administered for prolonged times （CXB 32 d group）,the enzymatic activities were increased in a similar pattern to those in the DEN＋CXB group. The observed increase in the enzymatic activities in the DEN＋CXB group was accompanied by an increase in the CYP2B1/2 protein levels; no changes were observed in the levels of CYPIA1. In vitro, CXB increased the denitrosation of DEN, a pathway of metabolic detoxification. The addition of SKF-525A, a preferential inhibitor of CYP2B, abrogated the denitrosation of DEN.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that the mechanism of action of CXB involves enhancement of the detoxification of DEN by an increasing denitrosation via CYP2B1/2.展开更多
Phosphate ions are usually considered to be responsible for the algal bloom in receiving water bodies and aesthetic problems in water. From the environmental point of view, the management of such contaminant and valua...Phosphate ions are usually considered to be responsible for the algal bloom in receiving water bodies and aesthetic problems in water. From the environmental point of view, the management of such contaminant and valuable resource is very important. The present work deals with the removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using kaolinitic and smectic clay minerals and synthetic zeolite as adsorbent. The pH effect and adsorption kinetic were studied. It was found that phosphate could be efficiently removed at acidic pH （between 4 and 6） and the second order model of kinetics is more adopted for all samples. The isotherms of adsorption of phosphate ions by the two clays and the zeolite samples show that the zeolite has the highest rate of uptake （52.9 mg P/g）. Equilibrium data were well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat c...AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat colitis models were used to evaluate and investigate the effects of ethanol extract of PN on microvascular injuries and their related mechanisms. PN administration was initiated at 3 and 7 d after the model was established at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg for 7 d. The severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index(DAI). The pathological lesions were observed under a microscope. Microvessel density(MVD) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Vascular permeability was evaluated using the Evans blue method. The serum concentrations of cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)A121, VEGFA165, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α protein was detected by western blotting.RESULTS Obvious colonic inflammation and injuries of mucosa and microvessels were observed in DSS-and IA-induced colitis groups. DAI scores, serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon were significantly higher while serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and MVD in colon were significantly lower in the colitis model groups than in the normal control group. PN promoted repair of injuries of colonic mucosa and microvessels, attenuated inflammation, and decreased DAI scores in rats with colitis. PN also decreased the serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon, and increased the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the concentration of SOD in the colon. The efficacy of PN was dosage dependent. In addition, DAI scores in the group administered PN on day 3 were significantly lower than in the group administered PN on day 7.CONCLUSION PN repairs vascular injury in experimental colitis via attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa. Efficacy is related to initial administration time and dose.展开更多
Neuronal disorders are associated with a profound loss of mitochondrial functions caused by various stress conditions,such as oxidative and metabolic stress,protein folding or import defects,and mitochondrial DNA alte...Neuronal disorders are associated with a profound loss of mitochondrial functions caused by various stress conditions,such as oxidative and metabolic stress,protein folding or import defects,and mitochondrial DNA alteration.Cells engage in different coordinated responses to safeguard mitochondrial homeostasis.In this review,we will explore the contribution of mitochondrial stress responses that are activated by the organelle to perceive these dangerous conditions,keep them under control and rescue the physiological condition of nervous cells.In the sections to come,particular attention will be dedicated to analyzing how compensatory mitochondrial hyperfusion,mitophagy,mitochondrial unfolding protein response,and apoptosis impact human neuronal diseases.Finally,we will discuss the relevance of the new concept:the“mito-inflammation”,a mitochondria-mediated inflammatory response that is recently found to cover a relevant role in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory-related diseases,including neuronal disorders.展开更多
Bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMCs） can be directly harvested from the donor, allowing for easier application compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The present study hypothesized that BMMC transplantat...Bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMCs） can be directly harvested from the donor, allowing for easier application compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The present study hypothesized that BMMC transplantation could ameliorate cerebral ischemia in a mouse model. BMMCs were double-labeled with PKH26 and 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI）, followed by infusion into mice via the tail vein to induce focal cerebral ischemia. At 14 days after transplantation, morphological and neurofunctional recovery were analyzed. PKH26 and DAPI double-positive BMMCs were detected in the cerebral hemisphere of all transplantation mice. Following BMMC administration, there was significant difference in neurofunctional recovery, but no significant difference in survival rates between BMMC-treated mice and other mice. These results demonstrate that transplanted BMMCs migrate to brain tissue and promote neurological function recovery in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Recently,nanoparticles have proven to enhance oil recovery on the core-flood scale in challenging high-pressure high-temperature reservoirs.Nanomaterials generally appear to improve oil production through wettability ...Recently,nanoparticles have proven to enhance oil recovery on the core-flood scale in challenging high-pressure high-temperature reservoirs.Nanomaterials generally appear to improve oil production through wettability alteration and reduction in interfacial tension between oil and water phases.Besides,they are environmentally friendly and cost-effective enhanced oil recovery techniques.Studying the rheological properties of nanoparticles is critical for field applications.The instability of nanoparticle dispersion due to aggregation is considered as an unfavorable phenomenon in nanofluid flooding while conducting an EOR process.In this study,wettability behavior and rheological properties of surface-treated silica nanoparticles using internal olefins sulfonates(IOS20–24 and IOS19–23),anionic surfactants were investigated.Surface modification effect on the stability of the colloidal solution in porous media and oil recovery was inspected.The rheology of pure and surfacetreated silica nanoparticles was investigated using a HPHT rheometer.Morphology and particle size distributions of pure and coated silica nanoparticles were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope.A series of core-flood runs was conducted to evaluate the oil recovery factor.The coated silica nanoparticles were found to alter rheological properties and exhibited a shear-thinning behavior as the stability of the coated silica nanoparticles could be improved considerably.At low shear rates,the viscosity slightly increases,and the opposite happens at higher shear rates.Furthermore,the surfacemodified silica nanoparticles were found to alter the wettability of the aqueous phase into strongly water-wet by changing the contact angle from 80°to 3°measured against glass slides representing sandstone rocks.Oil–water IFT results showed that the surface treatment by surfactant lowered the oil–water IFT by 30%.Also,the viscosity of brine increased from 0.001 to 0.008 Pa s by introducing SiO2 nanoparticles to the aqueous phase for better displacement efficiency during chemicalassisted EOR.The core-flood experiments revealed that the ultimate oil recovery is increased by approximately 13%with a surfactant-coated silica nanofluid flood after the conventional waterflooding that proves the potential of smart nanofluids for enhancing oil recovery.The experimental results imply that the use of surfactant-coated nanoparticles in tertiary oil recovery could facilitate the displacement efficiency,alter the wettability toward more water-wet and avoid viscous fingering for stable flood front and additional oil recovery.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Biological Basis of Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyaosan in Treatment of Depression based on Network Pharmacology and Proteomics(No.81973739)Natural Science Excellent Youth Fund of Henan Province:the Mechanism of Baicalin Regulates the GSK3B-Mediated Axoplasmic Transport in the Treatment of Depression(No.202300410249)+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province:Study on the Antidepressant Mechanism of Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyaosan based on the NOD-like Receptor Thermal Protein Domainassociated Protein and Tripartite Motif-containing Protein 31 Ubiquitination Pathway(No.222102310233)Study on the Mechanism of Jiawei Danzhi Xiaoyaosan in the Treatment of Depression by Regulating M1/M2 Polarization and Microglia Autophagy(No.232102310419)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To reveal the antidepressant mechanisms of Jiawei DanZhiXiaoYaoSan(加味丹栀逍遥散,JD)in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression in mice.METHODS:Using the CUMS mouse model of depression,the antidepressant effects of JD were assessed using the sucrose preference test(SPT),forced swimming test(FST),and tail suspension test(TST).Tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the brain was performed following JD treatment.Hierarchical clustering,Gene Ontology function annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and protein-protein interactions(PPIs)were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins(DEPs),which were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR)and Western blotting.RESULTS:Behavioral tests confirmed the antidepressant effects of JD,and bioinformatics analysis revealed 59 DEPs,including 33 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated proteins,between the CUMS and JD-M groups.KEGG and PPI analyses revealed that neurofilament proteins and the Ras signaling pathway may be key targets of JD in the treatment of depression.q RTPCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that CUMS reduced the protein expression of neurofilament light(NEFL)and medium(NEFM)and inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),whereas JD promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and up-regulated the protein expression of NEFL and NEFM.CONCLUSIONS:The antidepressant mechanism of JD may be related to the up-regulation of p-ERK1/2 and neurofilament proteins.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
基金The support of Prince Sultan University for paying the Article Processing Charge(APC)of this publication and their support.Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R300).
文摘Soilcrete is a composite material of soil and cement that is highly valued in the construction industry.Accurate measurement of its mechanical properties is essential,but laboratory testing methods are expensive,timeconsuming,and include inaccuracies.Machine learning(ML)algorithms provide a more efficient alternative for this purpose,so after assessment with a statistical extraction method,ML algorithms including back-propagation neural network(BPNN),K-nearest neighbor(KNN),radial basis function(RBF),feed-forward neural networks(FFNN),and support vector regression(SVR)for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of soilcrete,were proposed in this study.The developed models in this study were optimized using an optimization technique,gradient descent(GD),throughout the analysis(direct optimization for neural networks and indirect optimization for other models corresponding to their hyperparameters).After doing laboratory analysis,data pre-preprocessing,and data-processing analysis,a database including 600 soilcrete specimens was gathered,which includes two different soil types(clay and limestone)and metakaolin as a mineral additive.80%of the database was used for the training set and 20%for testing,considering eight input parameters,including metakaolin content,soil type,superplasticizer content,water-to-binder ratio,shrinkage,binder,density,and ultrasonic velocity.The analysis showed that most algorithms performed well in the prediction,with BPNN,KNN,and RBF having higher accuracy compared to others(R^(2)=0.95,0.95,0.92,respectively).Based on this evaluation,it was observed that all models show an acceptable accuracy rate in prediction(RMSE:BPNN=0.11,FFNN=0.24,KNN=0.05,SVR=0.06,RBF=0.05,MAD:BPNN=0.006,FFNN=0.012,KNN=0.008,SVR=0.006,RBF=0.009).The ML importance ranking-sensitivity analysis indicated that all input parameters influence theUCS of soilcrete,especially the water-to-binder ratio and density,which have themost impact.
基金supported by the Ningbo Youth Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents of China(No.2023QL020)the Ningbo Science and Technology Major of China(No.2022Z015)the K.C.Wong Magana Fund through Ningbo University。
文摘This study presents a closed-form solution for central stress,a semi-analytical model,and a modified anisotropic semi-analytical model to efficiently calculate the forcefrequency coefficients(FFCs)of square quartz crystal resonators(QCRs)with different side lengths and azimuth angles under eccentrically concentrated and distributed loads.The semi-analytical model is validated by comparisons between the experimental results and the nonlinear finite element method(FEM)simulation results.Based on the semi-analytical model for the FFC and nonlinear FEM simulations,the FFC variations of square QCRs under external loads and the related mechanisms are investigated.Among the initial stresses caused by external loads,the central stress parallel to the xcrystallographic axis is the primary factor influencing the FFC of quartz.Our findings can provide practical tools for calculating the FFC,and help the design and development of square quartz force sensors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ50055,2023JJ30081)the Science Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(21A0546)+1 种基金the Youth Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003056)the Open Fund of Hunan Engineering Research Center of Research and Development of Degradable Materials and Molding Technology(2023KFKT05).
文摘The effect ofωiso andαprecipitation on microstructure,microhardness,tensile properties and impact toughness of Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe(TNTZF)alloy was investigated.The results showed that the solution treated TNTZF alloy with a small amount of nano-sizedωath particles inβmatrix possesses tensile strength of 697 MPa,elongation of~34%,Young’s modulus(YM)of 75 GPa,and impact toughness of 58.7 J/cm^(2).After aging at relatively lower temperatures of 400℃,the hardness and modulus of the alloy increased significantly,while the plasticity and toughness dropped sharply due to the precipitation ofωiso phase.ωiso phase displayed an ellipsoidal morphology with high volume fraction and a size of about 50 nm after aging at 400℃,leading to the highest hardness of 364 HV and YM of 108 GPa,along with completely embrittlement since elongation and toughness were almost zero.A brittle impact fracture morphology was observed in the alloy,which is dominated by intergranular fracture,with a mixed fracture characteristics of cleavage surfaces,terraces and tiny dimples.When aged at 550℃,plate-likeαdistributed inβmatrix uniformly and inβgrain boundaries in parallel,resulting in the high strength of 804 MPa,as well as lowest YM of 72 GPa,elongation of 9%and toughness of 35.8 J/cm^(2).The fracture morphology of the alloy aged at 550℃showed a ductile fracture mechanism with a large number of dimples.
文摘Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chromatographic profile,and antifungal of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.albedinis(Foa),the pathogen responsible for Bayoud disease in date palm.The oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and characterized using thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealing multiple fractions corresponding to terpenoid constituents and 23 chemical constituents,predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes(68.51%),with piperitenone oxide as the major component(62.53%).The antifungal efficacy was evaluated against ten(10)isolates of F.o.a across seven(07)concentrations different concentrations.(0;0.25;0.5;0.75;1;1.25;1.5μL/mL).The results obtained show a progressive decrease in the diameters of the colonies of F.o.a isolates by increasing the doses of EOMR.The percentage of inhibition varies from 7.82 to 83.41%;However,the dose of 1.75μL/mL showed 100%inhibition for all F.o.a isolates tested.These outcomes demonstrate the potential of M.rotundifolia essential oil as a natural,environmentally friendly antifungal agent,supporting its application in sustainable management strategies for Bayoud disease in date palm.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No: 30560189
文摘BACKGROUND： The pharmacological actions of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） lie in removing free radicals, anti-inflammation and anti-oxygenation. It can also improve memory and behavior in rat models of Alzheimer＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： Using the Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and RT-PCR, this study aimed to measure improvement in spatial learning, memory, expression of amyloid precursor protein （App） and β -amyloid （A β ）, to investigate the mechanism of action of PNS in the treatment of AD in the senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 （SAMP8） and compare the effects with huperzine A. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment was performed in the Center for Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University from July 2005 to April 2007. MATERIALS： Sixty male SAMP8 mice, aged 3 months, purchased from Tianjin Chinese Traditional Medical University of China, were divided into four groups： PNS high-dosage group, PNS low-dosage group, huperzine A group and control group. PNS was provided by Weihe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch No.： Z53021485, Yuxi, Yunan Province, China）. Huperzine A was provided by Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch No.： 20040801, Zhejiang, China）. METHODS： The high-dosage group and low-dosage group were treated with 93.50 and 23.38 mg/kg PNS respectively per day and the huperzine A group was treated with 0.038 6 mg/kg huperzine A per day, all by intragastric administration, for 8 consecutive weeks. The same volume of double distilled water was given to the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After drug administration, learning and memory abilities were assessed by place navigation and spatial probe tests. The recording indices consisted of escape latency （time-to-platform）, and the percentage of swimming time spent in each quadrant. The number of A β 1-40, A β 1-42 and App immunopositive neurons in the brains of SAMP8 mice was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA content ofApp, tau, acetylcholinesterase, and synaptophysin （Syp） was tested by real time PCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS： The PCR results show that PNS can downregulate the expression of the App gene and upregulate the expression of the Syp gene in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. The therapeutic effects of the PNS high-dosage group were greater than those of the PNS low-dosage group and the huperzine A group （P 〈 0.05）. The results of the Morris water maze and immunohistochemistry indicated that PNS can improve the capacity for spatial learning and memory in SAMP8 mice, and reduce the content of A β 1-40, A β 1-42 and expression of App in the brains of SAMP8 mice. The therapeutic effects of the PNS high-dosage group were greater than that of the PNS low-dosage group and the huperzine A group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： These results support the hypothesis that PNS plays a therapeutic and protective role on the pathological lesions and learning dysfunction of Alzheimer＇s disease. The therapeutic effects of PNS for Alzheimer＇s disease are possibly achieved through downregulating the expression of the App gene and upregulating the expression of the Syp gene. The therapeutic effects of PNS are dose-dependent and are greater than the effect of huperzine A.
基金funding support providing by King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals through Project (SR161015)。
文摘The effects of thermal treatments on the structure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, and in vitro corrosion protection in artificial saliva(AS) were investigated for a newly developed Ti20 Nb13 Zr(TNZ) alloy. XRD and SEM analyses were used for structural and microstructural analysis. The in vitro corrosion properties of the samples were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance techniques up to an immersion time of 168 h. The tribological characteristics were evaluated with a linear reciprocating tribometer. SEM analysis showed that solution treatment and aging influenced the size and distribution of α phase. The air-cooled and aged samples exhibited the highest microhardness and macrohardness, for which the wear resistances were 25% and 30% higher than that of the untreated sample, respectively. The cooling rate significantly influenced the corrosion resistance of the TNZ samples. The treated samples showed a reduced corrosion rate(50%) for long immersion time up to 168 h in AS. The furnace-cooled and aged samples exhibited the highest corrosion resistance after 168 h of immersion in AS. Among the treated samples, the aged sample showed enhanced mechanical properties, wear behavior, and in vitro corrosion resistance in AS.
基金supported by Institutional Fund Projects(IFPNC-001-135-2020)technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University,DSR,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia。
文摘A cyber physical system(CPS)is a complex system that integrates sensing,computation,control and networking into physical processes and objects over Internet.It plays a key role in modern industry since it connects physical and cyber worlds.In order to meet ever-changing industrial requirements,its structures and functions are constantly improved.Meanwhile,new security issues have arisen.A ubiquitous problem is the fact that cyber attacks can cause significant damage to industrial systems,and thus has gained increasing attention from researchers and practitioners.This paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art results of cyber attacks on cyber physical systems.First,as typical system models are employed to study these systems,time-driven and event-driven systems are reviewed.Then,recent advances on three types of attacks,i.e.,those on availability,integrity,and confidentiality are discussed.In particular,the detailed studies on availability and integrity attacks are introduced from the perspective of attackers and defenders.Namely,both attack and defense strategies are discussed based on different system models.Some challenges and open issues are indicated to guide future research and inspire the further exploration of this increasingly important area.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Planperiod (2007BAD89B03, 2007BAD17B07 and2006BAD05B01)
文摘Heavy metal accumulation and its influential factors were studied in the different land use soils, which would provide a theoretical basis for controlling the content of heavy metals in soils. To identify the effects of land use on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils, 148 soil samples were collected from four land use patterns including greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field in Siping area of Jilin Province, China, and Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn contents of those samples were determined with ICP and ICP-Mass. The result showed that there was a rather large difference in effects of the accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils under different land use patterns, except Pb. Based on the assessment which compared with background concentrations in soil, the higher accumulation of heavy metals was found in greenhouse and uncovered vegetable field, much less in maize field and forest field. The mean contents of heavy metals in soils from high to low were arranged in order of greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field. Cd and Cu had relatively serious accumulation in soils compared to Cr, Ni, As, and Zn. The mean content of Cd in greenhouse field was 0.467 mg kg-x,which exceeded the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion GB15618-1995 （6.5 〈pH〈7.5） for Cd standard of 0.3 mg kg^-1, while it was 5.2 times of Cd standard in the forest fields. The mean contents ofCr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, and Zn in soils under four land use patterns were lower than the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion. Compared with the soil cultivated years, the agricultural chemical compounds and manures application, especially the quality and quantity of applied fertilizer was one of the main reasons for leading to different accumulation of heavy metals in soils under the studied land use patterns. The accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils was significantly affected by land use patterns, among them the accumulation of heavy metals in greenhouse soils was higher than others. It is suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and pesticides with high contents of heavy metals should be avoided to prevent the accumulation of heavy metal and keep high quality soils for sustainable use.
基金Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30560189the Grant from Innovation Groupfor Developing Chinese HerbsNew Drugsamong University Talents in Guangxi
文摘BACKGROUND： Modem pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） can ameliorate and protect from neuropathological impairment. Whether PNS can improve the abnormality in memory and behavior of rats with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： Based on a Morris water maze test, this study aimed to measure improvements of spatial learning and memory by PNS in a rat model of AD, and to compare effects with huperzine A. DESIGN： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Center of Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University. MATERIALS： Ninety healthy Wistar rats of both genders, 15-month-old （n =75） and 3-month-old rats as young controls （n =15）, were used for this study. The study was performed in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. PNS was provided by Weihe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd （permission No. Z53021485, Yuxi, Yunan Province, China）. Morris water maze equipment was provided by the Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Science. METHODS： This study was performed at the Center of Research ＆ Development of New Drugs, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University from June 2003 to April 2005. Of the included rats, 15 healthy aged rats were randomly chosen as aged controls, and the remaining 60 aged rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 rats in each： model group, PNS high- and low-dose groups, and an huperzine A group. Rats in the model group and the 3 treated groups were treated with intraperitoneal infusion of 9.6 g/L D-galactose （5 mL/kg） every day for 6 weeks successively to induce a subacute aging model. During week 7, animals received 1 μ L ibotenic acid （5 g/L） bilaterally into the nucleus basalis of Meynert to create a rat model of AD. The young and old rat controls received, in parallel, a corresponding volume of saline. Two weeks later, rats in the PNS high- and low-dose groups were gavaged with 200 and 100 mg/kg PNS suspension, respectively. Huperzine A suspension （0.3 mg/kg） was used in the huperzine A group. Rats in the other 3 groups were gavaged with a corresponding volume of normal saline. In each group, administration was carried out once per day for 4 consecutive weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After administration, learning and memory abilities were measured by place navigation and spatial probe tests. Recording indices consisted of escape latency （time-to-platform）, number of times to find the platform within 2 minutes, number of times the animal crosses the original platform location, and the percent of swimming time in each quadrant. RESULTS： Several rats died due to inflammatory reactions following brain lesion or intragastric administration; therefore, 61 rats were included in the final analysis. Results of spatial navigation test： Escape latency of rats in the model group was significantly prolonged, and number of times to find the platform within 2 minutes were significantly reduced compared with other groups （both P 〈 0.05）. No significant differences in these two indices were measured among the administration groups （all P 〉 0.05）. Results of spatial probe test： Times for crossing the original platform location and percent of time spent in the quadrant of original platform location were significantly less in the model group than in the other groups （P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in these two indices among the administration groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： PNS can remarkably improve spatial learning and memory abilities of rats with AD. The therapeutic effect of PNS is not dose-dependent and is equivalent to the effect of huperzine A.
基金the Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals (project: CoRE-PRP-06) established by the Ministry of Higher Education at the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia for finical support of this work
文摘The effect of rare earth oxides （RE=Ce, La, Gd, and Dy） doping of alumina support in NiO/7-A1203 system was investi- gated on its catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation （ODH） of cyclohexane. The physicochemical properties of various samples were followed up through N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and potentiometric acid-base titration techniques. In the parent NiO/y-A1203 catalyst, Ni species were found to be strongly interacted with alumina surface. Addition of rare earth dopants to ）＇-A1203 in the catalyst system affected the nickel-alumina interaction and resulted in significant modifications in the catalytic performances in the ODH reaction. The results re- vealed the beneficial role of both La203 and Gd2Os doping in enhancing the ODH catalytic activity and selectivity to cyclohexene. H2-TPR and XPS results indicated that majority of Ni species in NiO/La203 modified T-A1203 were more weakly interacted with La203 and alumina whereas both NiO like species and nickel aluminate were present on the surface. Doping with cerium or dyspro- sium increased the nickel-support interaction and led to a decrease in surface nickel concentration. In case of doping with Ce, surface concentration of cerium oxide was higher than those of the other RE oxides; the doped catalyst reached its steady state activity faster than the other catalysts. The acid-base results suggested that RE metals were interacted most likely with acidic surface hydroxyl groups. The degree of nickel-alumina interaction decreased in the following order： LaAI〉GdAI〉CeAI〉DyA1.
文摘Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The absorption, emission spectra and fluorescence decay studies were carried out both at low and room temperatures. Results showed the existence of several sites occupied by the rare earth ions in the phosphate glass. Up-conversion and cooperative fluorescence were also discussed.
基金Supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Mexico),grant 39525-M,and scholarship 119303 (M.E.S.N.)
文摘AIM： To study the effect of celecoxib （CXB） on diethylnitrosamine activation through the regulation of cytochrome P450 in a hepatocarcinogenesis model.METHODS： Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, a non-treated group （NT）, a diethylnitrosamine-treated group （DEN）, a DEN＋CXB-treated group （DEN＋CXB）,and CXB 8 d-treated and CXB 32 d-treated groups. The effects of celecoxib on the enzymatic activities of CYP1A1, 2A, 2B1/2, and 2E1 were assessed in hepatic microsomes 24 h after DEN administration.Changes in CYPIA1 and CYP2B1/2 protein expression were also evaluated. The rate of DEN metabolism was measured by the production of the deethylation metabolite acetaldehyde, and the denitrosation metabolite nitrite.RESULTS： DEN＋CXB administration produced a significant increase in the enzymatic activities ofCYP2B1/2 and 1A1, whereas it did not change the activities of CYP2A and 2E1, compared to that of the DEN group. CXB treatment for eight days did not produce a significant effect on enzymatic activity when compared to the NT group; however, when it was administered for prolonged times （CXB 32 d group）,the enzymatic activities were increased in a similar pattern to those in the DEN＋CXB group. The observed increase in the enzymatic activities in the DEN＋CXB group was accompanied by an increase in the CYP2B1/2 protein levels; no changes were observed in the levels of CYPIA1. In vitro, CXB increased the denitrosation of DEN, a pathway of metabolic detoxification. The addition of SKF-525A, a preferential inhibitor of CYP2B, abrogated the denitrosation of DEN.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that the mechanism of action of CXB involves enhancement of the detoxification of DEN by an increasing denitrosation via CYP2B1/2.
文摘Phosphate ions are usually considered to be responsible for the algal bloom in receiving water bodies and aesthetic problems in water. From the environmental point of view, the management of such contaminant and valuable resource is very important. The present work deals with the removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using kaolinitic and smectic clay minerals and synthetic zeolite as adsorbent. The pH effect and adsorption kinetic were studied. It was found that phosphate could be efficiently removed at acidic pH （between 4 and 6） and the second order model of kinetics is more adopted for all samples. The isotherms of adsorption of phosphate ions by the two clays and the zeolite samples show that the zeolite has the highest rate of uptake （52.9 mg P/g）. Equilibrium data were well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373616
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat colitis models were used to evaluate and investigate the effects of ethanol extract of PN on microvascular injuries and their related mechanisms. PN administration was initiated at 3 and 7 d after the model was established at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg for 7 d. The severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index(DAI). The pathological lesions were observed under a microscope. Microvessel density(MVD) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Vascular permeability was evaluated using the Evans blue method. The serum concentrations of cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)A121, VEGFA165, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α protein was detected by western blotting.RESULTS Obvious colonic inflammation and injuries of mucosa and microvessels were observed in DSS-and IA-induced colitis groups. DAI scores, serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon were significantly higher while serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and MVD in colon were significantly lower in the colitis model groups than in the normal control group. PN promoted repair of injuries of colonic mucosa and microvessels, attenuated inflammation, and decreased DAI scores in rats with colitis. PN also decreased the serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon, and increased the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the concentration of SOD in the colon. The efficacy of PN was dosage dependent. In addition, DAI scores in the group administered PN on day 3 were significantly lower than in the group administered PN on day 7.CONCLUSION PN repairs vascular injury in experimental colitis via attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa. Efficacy is related to initial administration time and dose.
基金supported by grants from local funds from University of Ferrara, FIR-2021the Italian Ministry of Health(GR-2016-02364602)+4 种基金the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research(PRIN Grant 2017XA5 J5 N)(to AR)grants from Italian Association for Cancer Research(AIRC, IG-23670)Telethon(GGP11139 B)local funds from the University of Ferrarathe Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research(PRIN Grant 2017 E5 L5 P3)(to PP): Associazione Ricerca Oncologica Sperimentale Estense(AROSE)
文摘Neuronal disorders are associated with a profound loss of mitochondrial functions caused by various stress conditions,such as oxidative and metabolic stress,protein folding or import defects,and mitochondrial DNA alteration.Cells engage in different coordinated responses to safeguard mitochondrial homeostasis.In this review,we will explore the contribution of mitochondrial stress responses that are activated by the organelle to perceive these dangerous conditions,keep them under control and rescue the physiological condition of nervous cells.In the sections to come,particular attention will be dedicated to analyzing how compensatory mitochondrial hyperfusion,mitophagy,mitochondrial unfolding protein response,and apoptosis impact human neuronal diseases.Finally,we will discuss the relevance of the new concept:the“mito-inflammation”,a mitochondria-mediated inflammatory response that is recently found to cover a relevant role in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory-related diseases,including neuronal disorders.
文摘Bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMCs） can be directly harvested from the donor, allowing for easier application compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The present study hypothesized that BMMC transplantation could ameliorate cerebral ischemia in a mouse model. BMMCs were double-labeled with PKH26 and 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI）, followed by infusion into mice via the tail vein to induce focal cerebral ischemia. At 14 days after transplantation, morphological and neurofunctional recovery were analyzed. PKH26 and DAPI double-positive BMMCs were detected in the cerebral hemisphere of all transplantation mice. Following BMMC administration, there was significant difference in neurofunctional recovery, but no significant difference in survival rates between BMMC-treated mice and other mice. These results demonstrate that transplanted BMMCs migrate to brain tissue and promote neurological function recovery in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia.
文摘Recently,nanoparticles have proven to enhance oil recovery on the core-flood scale in challenging high-pressure high-temperature reservoirs.Nanomaterials generally appear to improve oil production through wettability alteration and reduction in interfacial tension between oil and water phases.Besides,they are environmentally friendly and cost-effective enhanced oil recovery techniques.Studying the rheological properties of nanoparticles is critical for field applications.The instability of nanoparticle dispersion due to aggregation is considered as an unfavorable phenomenon in nanofluid flooding while conducting an EOR process.In this study,wettability behavior and rheological properties of surface-treated silica nanoparticles using internal olefins sulfonates(IOS20–24 and IOS19–23),anionic surfactants were investigated.Surface modification effect on the stability of the colloidal solution in porous media and oil recovery was inspected.The rheology of pure and surfacetreated silica nanoparticles was investigated using a HPHT rheometer.Morphology and particle size distributions of pure and coated silica nanoparticles were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope.A series of core-flood runs was conducted to evaluate the oil recovery factor.The coated silica nanoparticles were found to alter rheological properties and exhibited a shear-thinning behavior as the stability of the coated silica nanoparticles could be improved considerably.At low shear rates,the viscosity slightly increases,and the opposite happens at higher shear rates.Furthermore,the surfacemodified silica nanoparticles were found to alter the wettability of the aqueous phase into strongly water-wet by changing the contact angle from 80°to 3°measured against glass slides representing sandstone rocks.Oil–water IFT results showed that the surface treatment by surfactant lowered the oil–water IFT by 30%.Also,the viscosity of brine increased from 0.001 to 0.008 Pa s by introducing SiO2 nanoparticles to the aqueous phase for better displacement efficiency during chemicalassisted EOR.The core-flood experiments revealed that the ultimate oil recovery is increased by approximately 13%with a surfactant-coated silica nanofluid flood after the conventional waterflooding that proves the potential of smart nanofluids for enhancing oil recovery.The experimental results imply that the use of surfactant-coated nanoparticles in tertiary oil recovery could facilitate the displacement efficiency,alter the wettability toward more water-wet and avoid viscous fingering for stable flood front and additional oil recovery.
