Climate change and energy security issues are prominent challenges in current energy system management,which should be governed synergistically due to the feedback relationships between them.The“Energy Systems Manage...Climate change and energy security issues are prominent challenges in current energy system management,which should be governed synergistically due to the feedback relationships between them.The“Energy Systems Management and Climate Change”Special Collection Issue in the journal of Energy Engineering provide insights into the field of energy systems management and climate change.From an extended perspective,this study discusses the key issues,research methods and models for energy system management and climate change research.Comprehensive and accurate prediction of energy supply and demand,the evaluation on the energy system resilience to climate change and the coupling methodology application of both nature and social science field maybe the frontier topics around achieving sustainable development goals of energy systems.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock productionand poultry,not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functi...There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock productionand poultry,not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods withmultiple health benefits.Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks.Inthis review,microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance ofproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and other high-value products.Additionally,the positive physiologicaleffects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed toenhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals,which possess differing digestivesystems.Furthermore,the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also discussed.With regards to large scale cultivation ofmicroalgae for use as feed,many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desirednutritional properties,cultivation systems,and steps for downstream processing.These factors are highlighted withfurther investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of cultivation.Finally,this review outlines the pros and cons ofutilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle,existing cultivation strategies,and theeconomics of large-scale microalgal production.展开更多
The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a l...The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.展开更多
This article proposed the concept of"climate capacity"as a way of measuring human's adaptiveness to climate change.This article also focused on the related concepts like ecological carrying capacity,wate...This article proposed the concept of"climate capacity"as a way of measuring human's adaptiveness to climate change.This article also focused on the related concepts like ecological carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity,land carrying capacity as well as population carrying capacity.The concept of climate capacity was articulated against a background of global climate and environmental change.Essentially,China's efforts to adapt to climate change was a matter of improving climate capacity,which is the ecosystem as well as the frequency,the intensity and the scale of human's social activities that the climatic resources of a particular geographic area were supposed to support.The climate capacity has two components.One is the natural climate capacity,which includes temperature,sunlight,precipitation,extreme climatic events,etc.The other is the derived climate capacity,which includes water resources,land resources,ecological systems,climatic risks,etc.The climate capacity can be developed or be transferred between regions by taking engineering,technology or regime-based adaptive measures.However,these adaptive measures must be implemented under the principle of economic rationalism,ecological integrity,climate protection,and social justice.It is expected that by combining the climate capacity and its threshold value with the assessment of climate change risks,we are able to predict the optimal population carrying capacity and the scale of socioeconomic development,and furthermore,provide policy support for the socioeconomic development strategy and adaptive planning.In the regions with high climate capacity,there is a symbiotic relationship between adaptation and socioeconomic development.But,in the regions with limited climate capacity,irrational development may further damage the environment.Taking the Yangtze River delta,a region with high climate capacity,and a region of Ningxia,a region with limited climate capacity,as illustrative examples,the authors of this article analyzed the policy implications of climate capacity and further made suggestions on the problems of capacitylimited adaptation and development-driven adaptation.This article argued that the concept of climate capacity can not only be used as an analytical instrument of climate change economics,but also it can provide research support for planning regional adaptation and development with climate change impact and risk assessments.展开更多
Construction and demolition(C&D)waste has seriously affected the ecological environment.The utilization of C&D waste resources can greatly alleviate this problem,and it is an important way to help achieve the ...Construction and demolition(C&D)waste has seriously affected the ecological environment.The utilization of C&D waste resources can greatly alleviate this problem,and it is an important way to help achieve the goal of zero carbon in 2050.In this study,insulation concrete blocks were developed with recycled aggregates,cement,fly ash as main raw materials,expanded polystyrene(EPS)insulation boards as block insulation filling material,and selfdeveloped construction waste composite activator,interface enhancer,surface modifier and other additives.Through experimental research and performance test analysis,the best mix ratio of the product and the mechanism of each additive were proved.The experimental results showed that the insulation concrete block prepared under the conditions of recycled aggregates sand ratio of 45%,active activator Na_(2)SO_(4)content of 0.15%and fly ash content of 30%has the best performance and meets the relevant standards.展开更多
It is of practical significance for the decision-making on country food security and farmland protection to analyze the conversion margins for the major uses of agricultural land and their variations. Based on the pan...It is of practical significance for the decision-making on country food security and farmland protection to analyze the conversion margins for the major uses of agricultural land and their variations. Based on the panel data of wheat, corn, vegetable, fruit, and forests productions from 520 investigated farmer households of 13 investigated villages in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2009, and using Cobb-Douglas production function, the revenue conversion margins can be obtained separately, between different grain-crops （wheat, corn） and different non-grain crops （vegetable, fruit, forests）, and the conversion relationship between growing grain（ wheat, corn） and going out for non-farm work. The results show that from 2003 to 2009, growing wheat and corn are more economically and reasonably for farmers, compared with growing vegetable, but growing wheat and corn are becoming less economically and less reasonably day by day, compared with planting forests. Moreover, the conversion margin between wheat and fruit shows obvious scissors difference. Just from 2007, farm- ers＇ growing fruit became economically and reasonably, but until 2009, compared with going out to work after abandoning farm- land, growing wheat had no economic rationality. From 2003 to 2009, farmers＇ growing corn is more profitable than growing fruit and going out for non-farm work after abandoning farmland. The subsidies for wheat and corn have increased farmers＇ comparative income from food production remarkably, but the subsidies cannot change the general tendency that farmers transform food （wheat, corn） production into non-food （especially forests） production. The revenue difference between growing wheat, corn and vegetable and growing fruit and forests is being pulled ceaselessly bigger, and the tendency that farmers transform wheat, corn and vegetable growing lands into fruit and forests growing lands has become increasingly apparent.展开更多
Although the tobacco industry is a significant contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions its negative environmental impact has received inadequate attention globally.Cigarette factories are a key link in ...Although the tobacco industry is a significant contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions its negative environmental impact has received inadequate attention globally.Cigarette factories are a key link in the tobacco industry’s production chain,and using data provided by a cigarette factory in China we conduct a life cycle assessment to account for the carbon footprint of cigar production in cigarette factories.The results of the assessment show that factory air conditioning is the most important contributor to the environmental load of the cigar manufacturing process,while electricity is the key factor that contributes the greatest envi‐ronmental load across all of the processes in the product life cycle.In addition,packaging,including small boxes and cigarette cartons,has a significant impact on the industry’s environmental footprint due to its use of raw materials.We find the carbon footprint of the entire production process for cigar products to be 383.59 kg CO_(2) eq.Based on our findings,we suggest ways to optimize cigar/cigarette factory processes to re‐duce carbon emissions that can help to promote sustainable development in related industries.展开更多
With policy incentives for the coalbed methane in energy industry,coalbed methane from coal production has been effectively improved by technology innovations in coalbed methane extraction and utilization.The progress...With policy incentives for the coalbed methane in energy industry,coalbed methane from coal production has been effectively improved by technology innovations in coalbed methane extraction and utilization.The progress of coalbed methane promotes the clean construction of energy system and contributes to carbon neutrality target.To quantitatively measure the contributions of the coalbed methane in energy industry,this paper builds a carbon emissions accounting system for coalbed methane in China and assesses the historical co-benefits of coalbed methane utilization from the aspects of emissions reduction,safety and economy.By using the parameters of gas content,raw coal production,gas extraction rate and utilization rate over the years,emissions reduction potential and economic viability of coal seam gas are estimated and the safety benefits of coal mine gas extraction are analyzed by using data for gas accidents and economic losses.The results reveal that with the increase in raw coal production,the great emission reduction potential of coalbed methane is expected to benefit clean energy system and the development of carbon neutrality by means of policy incentives and technology innovations.The co-benefit evaluation indicates the huge profitability of coalbed methane from 2012 to 2015 and the significance of emissions reduction and safety gain internalization.Safety benefits are obvious in the negative exponential function between the annual drainage quantities of coalbed methane and annual death tolls from coal mine gas accidents.Based on these results,relevant suggestions are put forward for sustainable development of the coalbed methane in energy industry.展开更多
In microalgae based biofuel technology, the light is one of the important factors for the proper growth of microalgae cells as microalgae is a photosynthetic microorganism. For a large scale outdoor culture the irradi...In microalgae based biofuel technology, the light is one of the important factors for the proper growth of microalgae cells as microalgae is a photosynthetic microorganism. For a large scale outdoor culture the irradiance of sunlight and associated temperature is also need to consider. In this study aims to present computational model of microalgae growth taking effect of solar irradiance and corresponding temperature in a tubular photo bioreactor for an outdoor culture system. We consider the transient behavior of temperature inside the photo bioreactor for a microalgae culture. The optimum range of temperature for outdoor cultivation of microalgae is about 22℃ - 27℃ and out of this range the microalgae cell growth inhibits. Many correlations have already been established to investigate the algal productivity based on the dynamic conditions of temperature in case of full scale outdoor cultivation. However, none of them are validated yet numerically considering the model as a function of weather conditions, operational behavior and design criteria. A tubular photobioreactor (PBR) with length 20.5 m and radius 0.05 m has taken account as a simulation model. The PBR is horizontally placed as temperature variations can be observed with greater accuracy. As the solar irradiance varies at any geographic latitude for a year and so thus temperature, equations and parameters are established relating the irradiance with the temperature to simulate the effect. We observed some significant effects of temperature on the growth of microalgae. Moreover, for the maximum growth of the cells we should control the surrounding temperature.展开更多
Regions across China are acting on the state’s call to shift to green development,with tangible progress made.AS climate change poses a growing threat to humanity,transitioning to a green,low-carbon economy has becom...Regions across China are acting on the state’s call to shift to green development,with tangible progress made.AS climate change poses a growing threat to humanity,transitioning to a green,low-carbon economy has become the general global consensus.Thus far,193 parties to the Paris Agreement have submitted Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC),and more than 150 countries have set objectives for net-zero emissions,carbon neutrality or climate neutrality.展开更多
The proposal of carbon neutrality target makes decarbonization and hydrogenation typical features of future energy development in China.With a wide range of application scenarios,hydrogen energy will experience rapid ...The proposal of carbon neutrality target makes decarbonization and hydrogenation typical features of future energy development in China.With a wide range of application scenarios,hydrogen energy will experience rapid growth in production and consumption.To formulate an effective hydrogen energy development strategy for the future of China,this study employs the departmental scenario analysis method to calculate and evaluate the future consumption of hydrogen energy in China’s heavy industry,transportation,electricity,and other related fields.Multidimensional technical parameters are selected and predicted accurately and reliably in combination with different development scenarios.The findings indicate that the period from 2030 to 2050 will enjoy rapid development of hydrogen energy,having an average annual growth rate of 2%to 4%.The technological progress and breakthroughs scenario has the greatest potential for hydrogen demand scale among the four development scenarios.Under this scenario,the total demand for hydrogen energy is expected to reach 446.37Mt in 2060.Thetransportation sector will be the sector with the greatest potential for hydrogen deployment growth from 2023 to 2060,which is expected to rise from 0.038Mt to about 163.18Mt,with the ambitious growth in the future.Additionally,hydrogen energy has a considerable development potential in the steel sector,and the trend of de-refueling coke by hydrogenation in this sector will be imperative for this energy-intensive industries.展开更多
Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge g...Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.展开更多
The effects of optimized operation principles implemented at reservoirs on the Wujiang River in southwest China between September 2009 and April 2010 under drought conditions were analyzed based on operational data co...The effects of optimized operation principles implemented at reservoirs on the Wujiang River in southwest China between September 2009 and April 2010 under drought conditions were analyzed based on operational data collected from the Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. A set of linear regression equations was developed to identify the key factors impacting the electric power generation at reservoirs. A 59% reduction in the inflow discharge at the Hongjiadu Reservoir led to a decrease of only 38% in the total electric power generation at the Hongjiadu, Dongfeng, Suofengying, and Wujiangdu reservoirs on the Wujiang River, indicating that optimized operation can play an important role in drought management. The water level and the amount of other water inputs at the Hongjiadu Reservoir and the outflow discharge at all of the reservoirs except the Wujiangdu Reservoir were key factors affecting the total electric power generation at reservoirs on the Wujiang River under optimized operation.展开更多
It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to op...It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.展开更多
This study evaluated uranium sequestration performance in iron-rich (30 g/kg) sediment via bioreduction followed by reoxidation.Field tests (1383 days) at Oak Ridge,Tennessee demonstrated that uranium contents in sedi...This study evaluated uranium sequestration performance in iron-rich (30 g/kg) sediment via bioreduction followed by reoxidation.Field tests (1383 days) at Oak Ridge,Tennessee demonstrated that uranium contents in sediments increased after bioreduced sediments were re-exposed to nitrate and oxygen in contaminated groundwater.Bioreduction of contaminated sediments (1200 mg/kg U) with ethanol in microcosm reduced aqueous U from 0.37 to 0.023 mg/L.Aliquots of the bioreduced sediment were reoxidized with O2,H2O2,and NaNO3,respectively,over 285 days,resulting in aqueous U of 0.024,1.58 and 14.4 mg/L at pH 6.30,6.63 and 7.62,respectively.The source-and the three reoxidized sediments showed different desorption and adsorption behaviors of U,but all fit a Freundlich model.The adsorption capacities increased sharply at pH 4.5 to 5.5,plateaued at pH 5.5 to 7.0,then decreased sharply as pH increased from 7.0 to 8.0.The O2-reoxidized sediment retained a lower desorption efficiency at pH over 6.0.The NO3--reoxidized sediment exhibited higher adsorption capacity at pH 5.5 to 6.0.The pH-dependent adsorption onto Fe(Ⅲ) oxides and formation of U coated particles and precipitates resulted in U sequestration,and bioreduction followed by reoxidation can enhance the U sequestration in sediment.展开更多
The integrated circular economy model of farming and stock raising(ICEMFSR)has attracted increased attention as an effective model for solving the current irrational allocation of agricultural resources and realizing ...The integrated circular economy model of farming and stock raising(ICEMFSR)has attracted increased attention as an effective model for solving the current irrational allocation of agricultural resources and realizing the agricultural value-added industrial chain.This study uses emergy analysis to comprehensively examine and evaluate the economic benefits,environmental pressures,and sustainable development levels of ICEMFSR in Shucheng County,China.The results show that the ICEMFSR possesses the value of popularization with optimally allocated resources in the studied region,in which the emergy yield ratio(EYR),emergy loading ratio(ELR),and emergy sustainable index(ESI)in this model accounted for 3.59,1.25,and 2.89,respectively.This result indicates a leading position in the national agricultural system.Hence,this study constructs a new model based on the coupling of emergy evaluation and multi-objective linear programming to study ICEMFSR.Consequently,the EYR,ELR,and ESI respectively varied by +24.23%,10.40%,and +38.06%after replanning of ICEMFSR.This variation implies a significant improvement in the sustainable development level of the model.In addition,the optimized scenario design for key substances is proposed based on traceability and the reduce-reuse-recycle principle,including biogasification of crop straw and enhancement of crop scientific planting capacity.展开更多
Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 ...Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example,this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity(CERC)based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction,environmental protection,and economic growth objectives.The spatial network characteristics of the(CERC)and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods.The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years.Jinan−Zibo−Qingdao is the center of the network,while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak.Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association,while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact.Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant.This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions.At the same time,the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.展开更多
Rainfall variability and the recurrent droughts in the semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa have far reaching consequences. They have major effects on the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of rural co...Rainfall variability and the recurrent droughts in the semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa have far reaching consequences. They have major effects on the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of rural communities. This study investigates the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of small-scale rain water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation (RWHSI) system to mitigate the negative impact of long droughts on crop production. The proposed system consists of limited farm grading to direct the harvested rain water to a lined earth-pond where several alternatives for pumping are proposed for supplemental irrigation schemes. The proposed scheme is mainly activated during the short period when the soil moisture is most critical for the crop yield. To reach an optimum size of the pond, the soil moisture during the critical growth period is simulated using FAO’s water productivity model (AquaCrop). The pond size is optimized by applying AquaCrop for several years with the actual rainfall pattern and the possible supplemental irrigation applications. For each year with its possible drought periods, crop yield for each pond size is predicted, then used for the economic feasibility of the pond sizes. The optimum pond size is the one maximizing its benefit over its cost. The feasibility of the proposed RWHSI is investigated on maize production for the Soroti area in Uganda. For the rainfall pattern, soil conditions, and maize growth characteristics of Soroti, the proposed RWHSI is proved by simulations to be technically, and economically feasible. For a typical farm holding with a catchment area of one hectare, an 800 cubic-meters lined earth-pond can give up to 50% increase in the maize yield. After considering the construction and running costs of the supplemental irrigation system, the pay-back period is 6 years. The required investment cost for this RWHSI is low, and likely to be within the financial capacity of many farmers, while their selection of the pumping system will depend on their manpower and financial ability.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022SKNY01,2022YJSNY04).
文摘Climate change and energy security issues are prominent challenges in current energy system management,which should be governed synergistically due to the feedback relationships between them.The“Energy Systems Management and Climate Change”Special Collection Issue in the journal of Energy Engineering provide insights into the field of energy systems management and climate change.From an extended perspective,this study discusses the key issues,research methods and models for energy system management and climate change research.Comprehensive and accurate prediction of energy supply and demand,the evaluation on the energy system resilience to climate change and the coupling methodology application of both nature and social science field maybe the frontier topics around achieving sustainable development goals of energy systems.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金This report was made possible the NPRP award[NPRP8–1087–1-207]from the Qatar National Research Fund,a member of The Qatar Foundation.The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.
文摘There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock productionand poultry,not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods withmultiple health benefits.Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks.Inthis review,microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance ofproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and other high-value products.Additionally,the positive physiologicaleffects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed toenhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals,which possess differing digestivesystems.Furthermore,the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also discussed.With regards to large scale cultivation ofmicroalgae for use as feed,many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desirednutritional properties,cultivation systems,and steps for downstream processing.These factors are highlighted withfurther investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of cultivation.Finally,this review outlines the pros and cons ofutilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle,existing cultivation strategies,and theeconomics of large-scale microalgal production.
文摘The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.
文摘This article proposed the concept of"climate capacity"as a way of measuring human's adaptiveness to climate change.This article also focused on the related concepts like ecological carrying capacity,water resources carrying capacity,land carrying capacity as well as population carrying capacity.The concept of climate capacity was articulated against a background of global climate and environmental change.Essentially,China's efforts to adapt to climate change was a matter of improving climate capacity,which is the ecosystem as well as the frequency,the intensity and the scale of human's social activities that the climatic resources of a particular geographic area were supposed to support.The climate capacity has two components.One is the natural climate capacity,which includes temperature,sunlight,precipitation,extreme climatic events,etc.The other is the derived climate capacity,which includes water resources,land resources,ecological systems,climatic risks,etc.The climate capacity can be developed or be transferred between regions by taking engineering,technology or regime-based adaptive measures.However,these adaptive measures must be implemented under the principle of economic rationalism,ecological integrity,climate protection,and social justice.It is expected that by combining the climate capacity and its threshold value with the assessment of climate change risks,we are able to predict the optimal population carrying capacity and the scale of socioeconomic development,and furthermore,provide policy support for the socioeconomic development strategy and adaptive planning.In the regions with high climate capacity,there is a symbiotic relationship between adaptation and socioeconomic development.But,in the regions with limited climate capacity,irrational development may further damage the environment.Taking the Yangtze River delta,a region with high climate capacity,and a region of Ningxia,a region with limited climate capacity,as illustrative examples,the authors of this article analyzed the policy implications of climate capacity and further made suggestions on the problems of capacitylimited adaptation and development-driven adaptation.This article argued that the concept of climate capacity can not only be used as an analytical instrument of climate change economics,but also it can provide research support for planning regional adaptation and development with climate change impact and risk assessments.
基金This work was supported by Science and technology project of housing and urban-rural Development Department of Shandong Province(2018)and Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project(20CGLJ13).
文摘Construction and demolition(C&D)waste has seriously affected the ecological environment.The utilization of C&D waste resources can greatly alleviate this problem,and it is an important way to help achieve the goal of zero carbon in 2050.In this study,insulation concrete blocks were developed with recycled aggregates,cement,fly ash as main raw materials,expanded polystyrene(EPS)insulation boards as block insulation filling material,and selfdeveloped construction waste composite activator,interface enhancer,surface modifier and other additives.Through experimental research and performance test analysis,the best mix ratio of the product and the mechanism of each additive were proved.The experimental results showed that the insulation concrete block prepared under the conditions of recycled aggregates sand ratio of 45%,active activator Na_(2)SO_(4)content of 0.15%and fly ash content of 30%has the best performance and meets the relevant standards.
基金The Important Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences:the Pilot Project of Farmland-conservation and Modern Sustainable High Efficiency Agriculturethe Second Subject:the Regulation Mechanism for Requisition-compensation Balance of Cultivated Land and the Pilot Study on Productive Farmland Conservation in Yucheng,Shandong Provincethe Seventh Special Topic:the Strategic Research on Farmland-conservation and Agriculture Sustainable Development in Shandong Province
文摘It is of practical significance for the decision-making on country food security and farmland protection to analyze the conversion margins for the major uses of agricultural land and their variations. Based on the panel data of wheat, corn, vegetable, fruit, and forests productions from 520 investigated farmer households of 13 investigated villages in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2009, and using Cobb-Douglas production function, the revenue conversion margins can be obtained separately, between different grain-crops （wheat, corn） and different non-grain crops （vegetable, fruit, forests）, and the conversion relationship between growing grain（ wheat, corn） and going out for non-farm work. The results show that from 2003 to 2009, growing wheat and corn are more economically and reasonably for farmers, compared with growing vegetable, but growing wheat and corn are becoming less economically and less reasonably day by day, compared with planting forests. Moreover, the conversion margin between wheat and fruit shows obvious scissors difference. Just from 2007, farm- ers＇ growing fruit became economically and reasonably, but until 2009, compared with going out to work after abandoning farm- land, growing wheat had no economic rationality. From 2003 to 2009, farmers＇ growing corn is more profitable than growing fruit and going out for non-farm work after abandoning farmland. The subsidies for wheat and corn have increased farmers＇ comparative income from food production remarkably, but the subsidies cannot change the general tendency that farmers transform food （wheat, corn） production into non-food （especially forests） production. The revenue difference between growing wheat, corn and vegetable and growing fruit and forests is being pulled ceaselessly bigger, and the tendency that farmers transform wheat, corn and vegetable growing lands into fruit and forests growing lands has become increasingly apparent.
基金supported by Shandong Natural Science Founda‐tion[Grant No.ZR2023MD079]Shandong Province Social Science Planning Research Project[Grant No.22CKRJ04]+2 种基金Taishan Scholar Project[Grant No.tsqn202103010]Department of Science and Tech‐nology of Shandong Province[Grant No.2021SFGC0904-05]Zaozhuang Science and Technology Bureau[Grant No.2021GH22].
文摘Although the tobacco industry is a significant contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions its negative environmental impact has received inadequate attention globally.Cigarette factories are a key link in the tobacco industry’s production chain,and using data provided by a cigarette factory in China we conduct a life cycle assessment to account for the carbon footprint of cigar production in cigarette factories.The results of the assessment show that factory air conditioning is the most important contributor to the environmental load of the cigar manufacturing process,while electricity is the key factor that contributes the greatest envi‐ronmental load across all of the processes in the product life cycle.In addition,packaging,including small boxes and cigarette cartons,has a significant impact on the industry’s environmental footprint due to its use of raw materials.We find the carbon footprint of the entire production process for cigar products to be 383.59 kg CO_(2) eq.Based on our findings,we suggest ways to optimize cigar/cigarette factory processes to re‐duce carbon emissions that can help to promote sustainable development in related industries.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71704178)Beijing Excellent Talent Program(No.2017000020124G133)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2022SKNY01,2022YJSNY04)The suggestions from the Workshop of the Chinese Academy of Engineering are also appreciated.
文摘With policy incentives for the coalbed methane in energy industry,coalbed methane from coal production has been effectively improved by technology innovations in coalbed methane extraction and utilization.The progress of coalbed methane promotes the clean construction of energy system and contributes to carbon neutrality target.To quantitatively measure the contributions of the coalbed methane in energy industry,this paper builds a carbon emissions accounting system for coalbed methane in China and assesses the historical co-benefits of coalbed methane utilization from the aspects of emissions reduction,safety and economy.By using the parameters of gas content,raw coal production,gas extraction rate and utilization rate over the years,emissions reduction potential and economic viability of coal seam gas are estimated and the safety benefits of coal mine gas extraction are analyzed by using data for gas accidents and economic losses.The results reveal that with the increase in raw coal production,the great emission reduction potential of coalbed methane is expected to benefit clean energy system and the development of carbon neutrality by means of policy incentives and technology innovations.The co-benefit evaluation indicates the huge profitability of coalbed methane from 2012 to 2015 and the significance of emissions reduction and safety gain internalization.Safety benefits are obvious in the negative exponential function between the annual drainage quantities of coalbed methane and annual death tolls from coal mine gas accidents.Based on these results,relevant suggestions are put forward for sustainable development of the coalbed methane in energy industry.
文摘In microalgae based biofuel technology, the light is one of the important factors for the proper growth of microalgae cells as microalgae is a photosynthetic microorganism. For a large scale outdoor culture the irradiance of sunlight and associated temperature is also need to consider. In this study aims to present computational model of microalgae growth taking effect of solar irradiance and corresponding temperature in a tubular photo bioreactor for an outdoor culture system. We consider the transient behavior of temperature inside the photo bioreactor for a microalgae culture. The optimum range of temperature for outdoor cultivation of microalgae is about 22℃ - 27℃ and out of this range the microalgae cell growth inhibits. Many correlations have already been established to investigate the algal productivity based on the dynamic conditions of temperature in case of full scale outdoor cultivation. However, none of them are validated yet numerically considering the model as a function of weather conditions, operational behavior and design criteria. A tubular photobioreactor (PBR) with length 20.5 m and radius 0.05 m has taken account as a simulation model. The PBR is horizontally placed as temperature variations can be observed with greater accuracy. As the solar irradiance varies at any geographic latitude for a year and so thus temperature, equations and parameters are established relating the irradiance with the temperature to simulate the effect. We observed some significant effects of temperature on the growth of microalgae. Moreover, for the maximum growth of the cells we should control the surrounding temperature.
文摘Regions across China are acting on the state’s call to shift to green development,with tangible progress made.AS climate change poses a growing threat to humanity,transitioning to a green,low-carbon economy has become the general global consensus.Thus far,193 parties to the Paris Agreement have submitted Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC),and more than 150 countries have set objectives for net-zero emissions,carbon neutrality or climate neutrality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71704178)Beijing Municipal Excellent Talents Foundation(No.2017000020124G133)Major consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(Nos.2023-JB-08,2022-PP-03).
文摘The proposal of carbon neutrality target makes decarbonization and hydrogenation typical features of future energy development in China.With a wide range of application scenarios,hydrogen energy will experience rapid growth in production and consumption.To formulate an effective hydrogen energy development strategy for the future of China,this study employs the departmental scenario analysis method to calculate and evaluate the future consumption of hydrogen energy in China’s heavy industry,transportation,electricity,and other related fields.Multidimensional technical parameters are selected and predicted accurately and reliably in combination with different development scenarios.The findings indicate that the period from 2030 to 2050 will enjoy rapid development of hydrogen energy,having an average annual growth rate of 2%to 4%.The technological progress and breakthroughs scenario has the greatest potential for hydrogen demand scale among the four development scenarios.Under this scenario,the total demand for hydrogen energy is expected to reach 446.37Mt in 2060.Thetransportation sector will be the sector with the greatest potential for hydrogen deployment growth from 2023 to 2060,which is expected to rise from 0.038Mt to about 163.18Mt,with the ambitious growth in the future.Additionally,hydrogen energy has a considerable development potential in the steel sector,and the trend of de-refueling coke by hydrogenation in this sector will be imperative for this energy-intensive industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on the Construction of China’s Economic Transformation Model Toward Carbon Neutrality”[Grant No.72140001].
文摘Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51109229)
文摘The effects of optimized operation principles implemented at reservoirs on the Wujiang River in southwest China between September 2009 and April 2010 under drought conditions were analyzed based on operational data collected from the Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. A set of linear regression equations was developed to identify the key factors impacting the electric power generation at reservoirs. A 59% reduction in the inflow discharge at the Hongjiadu Reservoir led to a decrease of only 38% in the total electric power generation at the Hongjiadu, Dongfeng, Suofengying, and Wujiangdu reservoirs on the Wujiang River, indicating that optimized operation can play an important role in drought management. The water level and the amount of other water inputs at the Hongjiadu Reservoir and the outflow discharge at all of the reservoirs except the Wujiangdu Reservoir were key factors affecting the total electric power generation at reservoirs on the Wujiang River under optimized operation.
文摘It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.
基金supported by the U.S.DOE Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program under grants DOE-AC05-00OR22725 and DE-SC0006783
文摘This study evaluated uranium sequestration performance in iron-rich (30 g/kg) sediment via bioreduction followed by reoxidation.Field tests (1383 days) at Oak Ridge,Tennessee demonstrated that uranium contents in sediments increased after bioreduced sediments were re-exposed to nitrate and oxygen in contaminated groundwater.Bioreduction of contaminated sediments (1200 mg/kg U) with ethanol in microcosm reduced aqueous U from 0.37 to 0.023 mg/L.Aliquots of the bioreduced sediment were reoxidized with O2,H2O2,and NaNO3,respectively,over 285 days,resulting in aqueous U of 0.024,1.58 and 14.4 mg/L at pH 6.30,6.63 and 7.62,respectively.The source-and the three reoxidized sediments showed different desorption and adsorption behaviors of U,but all fit a Freundlich model.The adsorption capacities increased sharply at pH 4.5 to 5.5,plateaued at pH 5.5 to 7.0,then decreased sharply as pH increased from 7.0 to 8.0.The O2-reoxidized sediment retained a lower desorption efficiency at pH over 6.0.The NO3--reoxidized sediment exhibited higher adsorption capacity at pH 5.5 to 6.0.The pH-dependent adsorption onto Fe(Ⅲ) oxides and formation of U coated particles and precipitates resulted in U sequestration,and bioreduction followed by reoxidation can enhance the U sequestration in sediment.
基金supported by National Key R&D Plan[Grant number.2016YFC0502805]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71974116]+2 种基金Shandong Natural Science Foundation[Grant number.ZR2019MG009]Shandong Province Social Science Planning Research Project[Grant number.20CGLJ13]Taishan Scholar Project[Grant number.tsqn202103010].
文摘The integrated circular economy model of farming and stock raising(ICEMFSR)has attracted increased attention as an effective model for solving the current irrational allocation of agricultural resources and realizing the agricultural value-added industrial chain.This study uses emergy analysis to comprehensively examine and evaluate the economic benefits,environmental pressures,and sustainable development levels of ICEMFSR in Shucheng County,China.The results show that the ICEMFSR possesses the value of popularization with optimally allocated resources in the studied region,in which the emergy yield ratio(EYR),emergy loading ratio(ELR),and emergy sustainable index(ESI)in this model accounted for 3.59,1.25,and 2.89,respectively.This result indicates a leading position in the national agricultural system.Hence,this study constructs a new model based on the coupling of emergy evaluation and multi-objective linear programming to study ICEMFSR.Consequently,the EYR,ELR,and ESI respectively varied by +24.23%,10.40%,and +38.06%after replanning of ICEMFSR.This variation implies a significant improvement in the sustainable development level of the model.In addition,the optimized scenario design for key substances is proposed based on traceability and the reduce-reuse-recycle principle,including biogasification of crop straw and enhancement of crop scientific planting capacity.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province [Grant No.2021SFGC0904-05]Shandong Natural Science Foundation [Grant No.ZR2023MD079]+3 种基金Shandong Province Social Science Planning Research Project [Grant No.22CKRJ04]Taishan Scholar Project [Grant No.tsqn202103010]Zaozhuang Science and Technology Bureau [Grant No.2021GH22]the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China [Grant No.2023SFGC0101].
文摘Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example,this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity(CERC)based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction,environmental protection,and economic growth objectives.The spatial network characteristics of the(CERC)and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods.The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years.Jinan−Zibo−Qingdao is the center of the network,while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak.Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association,while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact.Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant.This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions.At the same time,the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.
文摘Rainfall variability and the recurrent droughts in the semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa have far reaching consequences. They have major effects on the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of rural communities. This study investigates the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of small-scale rain water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation (RWHSI) system to mitigate the negative impact of long droughts on crop production. The proposed system consists of limited farm grading to direct the harvested rain water to a lined earth-pond where several alternatives for pumping are proposed for supplemental irrigation schemes. The proposed scheme is mainly activated during the short period when the soil moisture is most critical for the crop yield. To reach an optimum size of the pond, the soil moisture during the critical growth period is simulated using FAO’s water productivity model (AquaCrop). The pond size is optimized by applying AquaCrop for several years with the actual rainfall pattern and the possible supplemental irrigation applications. For each year with its possible drought periods, crop yield for each pond size is predicted, then used for the economic feasibility of the pond sizes. The optimum pond size is the one maximizing its benefit over its cost. The feasibility of the proposed RWHSI is investigated on maize production for the Soroti area in Uganda. For the rainfall pattern, soil conditions, and maize growth characteristics of Soroti, the proposed RWHSI is proved by simulations to be technically, and economically feasible. For a typical farm holding with a catchment area of one hectare, an 800 cubic-meters lined earth-pond can give up to 50% increase in the maize yield. After considering the construction and running costs of the supplemental irrigation system, the pay-back period is 6 years. The required investment cost for this RWHSI is low, and likely to be within the financial capacity of many farmers, while their selection of the pumping system will depend on their manpower and financial ability.
