Data security has become a growing priority due to the increasing frequency of cyber-attacks,necessitating the development of more advanced encryption algorithms.This paper introduces Single Qubit Quantum Logistic-Sin...Data security has become a growing priority due to the increasing frequency of cyber-attacks,necessitating the development of more advanced encryption algorithms.This paper introduces Single Qubit Quantum Logistic-Sine XYZ-Rotation Maps(SQQLSR),a quantum-based chaos map designed to generate one-dimensional chaotic sequences with an ultra-wide parameter range.The proposed model leverages quantum superposition using Hadamard gates and quantum rotations along the X,Y,and Z axes to enhance randomness.Extensive numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of SQQLSR.The proposed method achieves a maximum Lyapunov exponent(LE)of≈55.265,surpassing traditional chaotic maps in unpredictability.The bifurcation analysis confirms a uniform chaotic distribution,eliminating periodic windows and ensuring higher randomness.The system also generates an expanded key space exceeding 10^(40),enhancing security against brute-force attacks.Additionally,SQQLSR is applied to image encryption using a simple three-layer encryption scheme combining permutation and substitution techniques.This approach is intentionally designed to highlight the impact of SQQLSR-generated chaotic sequences rather than relying on a complex encryption algorithm.Theencryption method achieves an average entropy of 7.9994,NPCR above 99.6%,and UACI within 32.8%–33.8%,confirming its strong randomness and sensitivity to minor modifications.The robustness tests against noise,cropping,and JPEG compression demonstrate its resistance to statistical and differential attacks.Additionally,the decryption process ensures perfect image reconstruction with an infinite PSNR value,proving the algorithm’s reliability.These results highlight SQQLSR’s potential as a lightweight yet highly secure encryption mechanism suitable for quantum cryptography and secure communications.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a novel secure image communication system that integrates quantum key distribution and hyperchaotic encryption techniques to ensure enhanced security for both key distribution and plaintext en...In this paper,we propose a novel secure image communication system that integrates quantum key distribution and hyperchaotic encryption techniques to ensure enhanced security for both key distribution and plaintext encryption.Specifically,we leverage the B92 Quantum Key Distribution(QKD)protocol to secure the distribution of encryption keys,which are further processed through Galois Field(GF(28))operations for increased security.The encrypted plaintext is secured using a newly developed Hyper 3D Logistic Map(H3LM),a chaotic system that generates complex and unpredictable sequences,thereby ensuring strong confusion and diffusion in the encryption process.This hybrid approach offers a robust defense against quantum and classical cryptographic attacks,combining the advantages of quantum-level key distribution with the unpredictability of hyperchaos-based encryption.The proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity to key changes and resilience to noise,compression,and cropping attacks,ensuring both secure key transmission and robust image encryption.展开更多
The security of quantum broadcast communication（QBC） and authentication protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state and quantum one-time pad is analyzed. It is shown that there are some security iss...The security of quantum broadcast communication（QBC） and authentication protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state and quantum one-time pad is analyzed. It is shown that there are some security issues in this protocol.Firstly, an external eavesdropper can take the intercept–measure–resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on 0.369 bit of every bit of the identity string of each receiver without being detected. Meanwhile, 0.524 bit of every bit of the secret message can be eavesdropped on without being detected. Secondly, an inner receiver can take the intercept–measure–resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on half of the identity string of the other＇s definitely without being checked. In addition, an alternative attack called the CNOT-operation attack is discussed. As for the multi-party QBC protocol, the attack efficiency increases with the increase of the number of users. Finally, the QBC protocol is improved to a secure one.展开更多
Finding the shortest path （SP） in a large-scale network analysis between any two nodes is a tough but very significant task. The SP can help us to analyze the information spreading performance and research the laten...Finding the shortest path （SP） in a large-scale network analysis between any two nodes is a tough but very significant task. The SP can help us to analyze the information spreading performance and research the latent relationship in the weighted social network, and so on. As the size of the social network increases, the traditional SP algorithms have poor performance and there is not a suitable algorithm for weighted social network. Some features of the network analysis are beneficial to solve this problem, and community structure ignored by the traditional methods is one of the most important features. In this paper, we propose a shortest path algorithm based on community detection （SPCD） by integrating community detection algorithm with traditional search methods. SPCD constructs a community graph by using community structure to narrow the searching scope. The algorithm presented improves the time efficiency and maintains the accuracy scale of the SR Experimental results on five real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for the SP problem.展开更多
Oblivious key transfer(OKT)is a fundamental problem in the field of secure multi-party computation.It makes the provider send a secret key sequence to the user obliviously,i.e.,the user may only get almost one bit key...Oblivious key transfer(OKT)is a fundamental problem in the field of secure multi-party computation.It makes the provider send a secret key sequence to the user obliviously,i.e.,the user may only get almost one bit key in the sequence which is unknown to the provider.Recently,a number of works have sought to establish the corresponding quantum oblivious key transfer model and rename it as quantum oblivious key distribution(QOKD)from the well-known expression of quantum key distribution(QKD).In this paper,a new QOKD model is firstly proposed for the provider and user with limited quantum capabilities,where both of them just perform computational basis measurement for single photons.Then we show that the privacy for both of them can be protected,since the probability of getting other’s raw-key bits without being detected is exponentially small.Furthermore,we give the solutions to some special decision problems such as set-member decision and point-inclusion by announcing the improved shifting strategies followed QOKD.Finally,the further discussions and applications of our ideas have been presented.展开更多
Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential...Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM)systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored.Here we show that,by squeezing the magnons,the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SQL).We find that,for comparable parameters,two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing.Moreover,we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise.Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices,with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.展开更多
Universal quantum computers are far from achieving practical applications.The D-Wave quantum computer is initially designed for combinatorial optimizations.Therefore,exploring the potential applications of the D-Wave ...Universal quantum computers are far from achieving practical applications.The D-Wave quantum computer is initially designed for combinatorial optimizations.Therefore,exploring the potential applications of the D-Wave device in the field of cryptography is of great importance.First,although we optimize the general quantum Hamiltonian on the basis of the structure of the multiplication table(factor up to 1005973),this study attempts to explore the simplification of Hamiltonian derived from the binary structure of the integers to be factored.A simple factorization on 143 with four qubits is provided to verify the potential of further advancing the integer-factoring ability of the D-Wave device.Second,by using the quantum computing cryptography based on the D-Wave 2000 Q system,this research further constructs a simple version of quantum-classical computing architecture and a Quantum-Inspired Simulated Annealing(QISA)framework.Good functions and a high-performance platform are introduced,and additional balanced Boolean functions with high nonlinearity and optimal algebraic immunity can be found.Further comparison between QISA and Quantum Annealing(QA)on six-variable bent functions not only shows the potential speedup of QA,but also suggests the potential of architecture to be a scalable way of D-Wave annealer toward a practical cryptography design.展开更多
Quantum state preparation plays an equally important role as quantum operations and measurements in quantum information processing. The previous methods for initialization require either an exponential number of exper...Quantum state preparation plays an equally important role as quantum operations and measurements in quantum information processing. The previous methods for initialization require either an exponential number of experiments, or cause signal reduction or place restrictions on molecular structures. In this study, we propose three types of quantum circuits for preparing the pseudo-pure states of(n-1) qubits in the n-coupled Hilbert space, which simply needs the assistance of one ancilla spin and two different experiments independent of n. Most importantly, our methods work well on homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear molecules without the reduction of signals in the gradient field. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we experimentally prepared the pseudo-pure states of heteronuclear 2-qubit and homonuclear 4-qubit molecules using a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor.展开更多
In recent years,the urbanization process has brought modernity while also causing key issues,such as traffic congestion and parking conflicts.Therefore,cities need a more intelligent"brain"to form more intel...In recent years,the urbanization process has brought modernity while also causing key issues,such as traffic congestion and parking conflicts.Therefore,cities need a more intelligent"brain"to form more intelligent and efficient transportation systems.At present,as a type of machine learning,the traditional clustering algorithm still has limitations.K-means algorithm is widely used to solve traffic clustering problems,but it has limitations,such as sensitivity to initial points and poor robustness.Therefore,based on the hybrid architecture of Quantum Annealing(QA)and brain-inspired cognitive computing,this study proposes QA and Brain-Inspired Clustering Algorithm(QABICA)to solve the problem of urban taxi-stand locations.Based on the traffic trajectory data of Xi’an and Chengdu provided by Didi Chuxing,the clustering results of our algorithm and K-means algorithm are compared.We find that the average taxi-stand location bias of the final result based on QABICA is smaller than that based on K-means,and the bias of our algorithm can effectively reduce the tradition K-means bias by approximately 42%,up to approximately 83%,with higher robustness.QA algorithm is able to jump out of the local suboptimal solutions and approach the global optimum,and brain-inspired cognitive computing provides search feedback and direction.Thus,we will further consider applying our algorithm to analyze urban traffic flow,and solve traffic congestion and other key problems in intelligent transportation.展开更多
With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quant...With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quantum tunneling effects to find the optimal solutions for the exponential-level problems while classical annealing may be affected by the initializations.This study constructs a new Quantum-Inspired Annealing(QIA)framework to explore the potentials of quantum annealing for solving Ising model with comparisons to the classical one.Through various configurations of the 1 D Ising model,the new framework can achieve ground state,corresponding to the optimum of classical problems,with higher probability up to 28%versus classical counterpart(22%in case).This condition not only reveals the potential of quantum annealing for solving the Ising-like Hamiltonian,but also contributes to an improved understanding and use of the quantum annealer for various applications in the future.展开更多
Precisely and efficiently designing control pulses for the preparation of quantum states and quantum gates are the fundamental tasks for quantum computation.Gradient-based optimal control methods are the routine to de...Precisely and efficiently designing control pulses for the preparation of quantum states and quantum gates are the fundamental tasks for quantum computation.Gradient-based optimal control methods are the routine to design such pulses.However,the gradient information is often difficult to calculate or measure,especially when the system is not well calibrated or in the presence of various uncertainties.Gradient-free evolutionary algorithm is an alternative choice to accomplish this task but usually with low-efficiency.Here,we design an efficient mutation rule by using the information of the current and the former individuals together.This leads to our improved differential evolution algorithm,called da DE.To demonstrate its performance,we numerically benchmark the pulse optimization for quantum states and quantum gates preparations on small-scale NMR system.Further numerical comparisons with conventional differential evolution algorithms show that da DE has great advantages on the convergence speed and robustness to several uncertainties including pulse imperfections and measurement errors.展开更多
In the past decades,significant progress has been achieved in artificial intelligence,which is now widely applied in image recognition,big data analysis,unmanned vehicle control and other cognitive tasks[1].These appl...In the past decades,significant progress has been achieved in artificial intelligence,which is now widely applied in image recognition,big data analysis,unmanned vehicle control and other cognitive tasks[1].These applications nevertheless are highly energy consuming partly because of the mismatch between the neural-network-computing-based software im-plementation and the von Neumann architecture of present computers.One promising solution is developing neuro-morphic chips without the so-called von Neumann bottle-neck,which are suitable for performing the desired computation based on artificial neural networks(ANNs).展开更多
Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing.It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction,as it requires multiple qubits and quantum g...Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing.It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction,as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high fidelity.Here we propose a simple quantum error-correcting code for the detected amplitude damping channel.The code requires only two qubits.We implement the encoding,the channel,and the recovery on an optical platform,the IBM Q System,and a nuclear magnetic resonance system.For all of these systems,the error correction advantage appears when the damping rate exceeds some threshold.We compare the features of these quantum information processing systems used and demonstrate the advantage of quantum error correction on current quantum computing platforms.展开更多
Landau-Zener-Stückelberg(LZS)interference has drawn renewed attention to quantum information processing research because it is not only an effective tool for characterizing two-level quantum systems but also a po...Landau-Zener-Stückelberg(LZS)interference has drawn renewed attention to quantum information processing research because it is not only an effective tool for characterizing two-level quantum systems but also a powerful approach to manipulate quantum states.Superconducting quantum circuits,due to their versatile tunability and degrees of control,are ideal platforms for studying LZS interference phenomena.We use a superconducting Xmon qubit to study LZS interference by parametrically modulating the qubit transition frequency nonlinearly.For dc flux biasing of the qubit slightly far away from the optimal flux point,the qubit excited state population shows an interference pattern that is very similar to the standard LZS interference in linear regime,except that all bands shift towards lower frequencies when increasing the rf modulation amplitude.For dc flux biasing close to the optimal flux point,the negative sidebands and the positive sidebands behave differently,resulting in an asymmetric interference pattern.The experimental results are also in good agreement with our analytical and numerical simulations.展开更多
It was recently noted that in certain nonmagnetic centrosymmetric compounds,spin–orbit interactions couple each local sector that lacks inversion symmetry,leading to visible spin polarization effects in the real spac...It was recently noted that in certain nonmagnetic centrosymmetric compounds,spin–orbit interactions couple each local sector that lacks inversion symmetry,leading to visible spin polarization effects in the real space,dubbed“hidden spin polarization(HSP)”.However,observable spin polarization of a given local sector suffers interference from its inversion partner,impeding material realization and potential applications of HSP.Starting from a single-orbital tight-binding model,we propose a nontrivial way to obtain strong sector-projected spin texture through the vanishing hybridization between inversion partners protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry.The HSP effect is generally compensated by inversion partners near the Г point but immune from the hopping effect around the boundary of the Brillouin zone.We further summarize 17 layer groups that support such symmetry-assisted HSP and identify hundreds of quasi-2D materials from the existing databases by first-principle calculations,among which a group of rare-earth compounds LnIO(Ln=Pr,Nd,Ho,Tm,and Lu)serves as great candidates showing strong Rashba-and Dresselhaus-type HSP.Our findings expand the material pool for potential spintronic applications and shed light on controlling HSP properties for emergent quantum phenomena.展开更多
We propose a lumped element Josephson parametric amplifier with vacuum-gap-based capacitor.The capacitor is made of quasi-floating aluminum pad and on-chip ground.We take a fabrication process compatible with air-brid...We propose a lumped element Josephson parametric amplifier with vacuum-gap-based capacitor.The capacitor is made of quasi-floating aluminum pad and on-chip ground.We take a fabrication process compatible with air-bridge technology,which makes our design adaptable for future on-chip integrated quantum computing system.Further engineering the input impedance,we obtain a gain above 20 dB over 162-MHz bandwidth,along with a quasi quantum-limit noise performance.This work should facilitate the development of quantum information processing and integrated superconducting circuit design.展开更多
Atomic-level qubits in silicon are attractive candidates for large-scale quantum computing;however,their quantum properties and controllability are sensitive to details such as the number of donor atoms comprising a q...Atomic-level qubits in silicon are attractive candidates for large-scale quantum computing;however,their quantum properties and controllability are sensitive to details such as the number of donor atoms comprising a qubit and their precise location.This work combines machine learning techniques with million-atom simulations of scanning tunnelling microscopic(STM)images of dopants to formulate a theoretical framework capable of determining the number of dopants at a particular qubit location and their positions with exact lattice site precision.A convolutional neural network(CNN)was trained on 100,000 simulated STM images,acquiring a characterisation fidelity(number and absolute donor positions)of>98% over a set of 17,600 test images including planar and blurring noise commensurate with experimental measurements.The formalism is based on a systematic symmetry analysis and feature-detection processing of the STM images to optimise the computational efficiency.The technique is demonstrated for qubits formed by single and pairs of closely spaced donor atoms,with the potential to generalise it for larger donor clusters.The method established here will enable a high-precision post-fabrication characterisation of dopant qubits in silicon,with high-throughput potentially alleviating the requirements on the level of resources required for quantum-based characterisation,which will otherwise be a challenge in the context of large qubit arrays for universal quantum computing.展开更多
This paper surveys the new field of programming methodology and techniques for future quantum computers, including design of sequential and concurrent quantum programming languages, their semantics and implementations...This paper surveys the new field of programming methodology and techniques for future quantum computers, including design of sequential and concurrent quantum programming languages, their semantics and implementations. Several verification methods for quantum programs and communication protocols are also reviewed. The potential applications of programming techniques and related formal methods in quantum engineering are pointed out.展开更多
Among existing approaches to holonomic quantum computing,the adiabatic holonomic quantum gates(HQGs)suffer errors due to decoherence,while the non-adiabatic HQGs either require additional Hilbert spaces or are difficu...Among existing approaches to holonomic quantum computing,the adiabatic holonomic quantum gates(HQGs)suffer errors due to decoherence,while the non-adiabatic HQGs either require additional Hilbert spaces or are difficult to scale.Here,we report a systematic,scalable approach based on dynamical invariants to realize HQGs without using additional Hilbert spaces.While presenting the theoretical framework of our approach,we design and experimentally evaluate single-qubit and two-qubits HQGs for the nuclear magnetic resonance system.The single-qubit gates acquire average fidelity 0.9972 by randomized benchmarking,and the controlled-NOT gate acquires fidelity 0.9782 by quantum process tomography.Our approach is also platform-independent,and thus may open a way to large-scale holonomic quantum computation.展开更多
It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics.While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics,there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled paramete...It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics.While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics,there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled parameters to allow quantitative model testing.It is also challenging to replicate the macro non-equilibrium effects of complex models in microscopic systems.In this work,we demonstrate experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically-driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms.Using multiple laser beams we can impose any desired spatial structure.The observed spatially localized phase transitions simulate the outbreak of an infectious disease in multiple locations,and the splitting of the outbreak in subregions,as well as the dynamics towards“herd immunity”and“endemic state”in different regimes.The reported results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics.展开更多
基金funded by Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi,Sains,dan Teknologi(Kemdiktisaintek),Indonesia,grant numbers 108/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024,027/LL6/PB/AL.04/2024,061/A.38-04/UDN-09/VI/2024.
文摘Data security has become a growing priority due to the increasing frequency of cyber-attacks,necessitating the development of more advanced encryption algorithms.This paper introduces Single Qubit Quantum Logistic-Sine XYZ-Rotation Maps(SQQLSR),a quantum-based chaos map designed to generate one-dimensional chaotic sequences with an ultra-wide parameter range.The proposed model leverages quantum superposition using Hadamard gates and quantum rotations along the X,Y,and Z axes to enhance randomness.Extensive numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of SQQLSR.The proposed method achieves a maximum Lyapunov exponent(LE)of≈55.265,surpassing traditional chaotic maps in unpredictability.The bifurcation analysis confirms a uniform chaotic distribution,eliminating periodic windows and ensuring higher randomness.The system also generates an expanded key space exceeding 10^(40),enhancing security against brute-force attacks.Additionally,SQQLSR is applied to image encryption using a simple three-layer encryption scheme combining permutation and substitution techniques.This approach is intentionally designed to highlight the impact of SQQLSR-generated chaotic sequences rather than relying on a complex encryption algorithm.Theencryption method achieves an average entropy of 7.9994,NPCR above 99.6%,and UACI within 32.8%–33.8%,confirming its strong randomness and sensitivity to minor modifications.The robustness tests against noise,cropping,and JPEG compression demonstrate its resistance to statistical and differential attacks.Additionally,the decryption process ensures perfect image reconstruction with an infinite PSNR value,proving the algorithm’s reliability.These results highlight SQQLSR’s potential as a lightweight yet highly secure encryption mechanism suitable for quantum cryptography and secure communications.
文摘In this paper,we propose a novel secure image communication system that integrates quantum key distribution and hyperchaotic encryption techniques to ensure enhanced security for both key distribution and plaintext encryption.Specifically,we leverage the B92 Quantum Key Distribution(QKD)protocol to secure the distribution of encryption keys,which are further processed through Galois Field(GF(28))operations for increased security.The encrypted plaintext is secured using a newly developed Hyper 3D Logistic Map(H3LM),a chaotic system that generates complex and unpredictable sequences,thereby ensuring strong confusion and diffusion in the encryption process.This hybrid approach offers a robust defense against quantum and classical cryptographic attacks,combining the advantages of quantum-level key distribution with the unpredictability of hyperchaos-based encryption.The proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity to key changes and resilience to noise,compression,and cropping attacks,ensuring both secure key transmission and robust image encryption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61502101 and 61170321)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20140651)+2 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20110092110024)Funded by PAPDCICAEET
文摘The security of quantum broadcast communication（QBC） and authentication protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state and quantum one-time pad is analyzed. It is shown that there are some security issues in this protocol.Firstly, an external eavesdropper can take the intercept–measure–resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on 0.369 bit of every bit of the identity string of each receiver without being detected. Meanwhile, 0.524 bit of every bit of the secret message can be eavesdropped on without being detected. Secondly, an inner receiver can take the intercept–measure–resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on half of the identity string of the other＇s definitely without being checked. In addition, an alternative attack called the CNOT-operation attack is discussed. As for the multi-party QBC protocol, the attack efficiency increases with the increase of the number of users. Finally, the QBC protocol is improved to a secure one.
文摘Finding the shortest path （SP） in a large-scale network analysis between any two nodes is a tough but very significant task. The SP can help us to analyze the information spreading performance and research the latent relationship in the weighted social network, and so on. As the size of the social network increases, the traditional SP algorithms have poor performance and there is not a suitable algorithm for weighted social network. Some features of the network analysis are beneficial to solve this problem, and community structure ignored by the traditional methods is one of the most important features. In this paper, we propose a shortest path algorithm based on community detection （SPCD） by integrating community detection algorithm with traditional search methods. SPCD constructs a community graph by using community structure to narrow the searching scope. The algorithm presented improves the time efficiency and maintains the accuracy scale of the SR Experimental results on five real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for the SP problem.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61802118,61602316,61932005Open Foundation of State key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology(BUPT)under Grant No.SKLNST-2018-1-07,University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province under Grant No.UNPYSCT-2018015,Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shenzhen under Grant Nos.JCYJ20190809152003992,JCYJ20170818140234295,JCYJ20170818144026871,JCYJ2017081802237376+3 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.2017A030310134,2018A030313957Shenzhen Polytechnic Youth Innovation Project under Grant 6019310010K0Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province under Grant No.LH2019F031Hei Long Jiang Postdoctoral Foundation under Grant No.LBH-Z17048.Professor Shenggen Zheng and Xiangfu Zou also give us some helpful comments.We are grateful for their constructive opinions.
文摘Oblivious key transfer(OKT)is a fundamental problem in the field of secure multi-party computation.It makes the provider send a secret key sequence to the user obliviously,i.e.,the user may only get almost one bit key in the sequence which is unknown to the provider.Recently,a number of works have sought to establish the corresponding quantum oblivious key transfer model and rename it as quantum oblivious key distribution(QOKD)from the well-known expression of quantum key distribution(QKD).In this paper,a new QOKD model is firstly proposed for the provider and user with limited quantum capabilities,where both of them just perform computational basis measurement for single photons.Then we show that the privacy for both of them can be protected,since the probability of getting other’s raw-key bits without being detected is exponentially small.Furthermore,we give the solutions to some special decision problems such as set-member decision and point-inclusion by announcing the improved shifting strategies followed QOKD.Finally,the further discussions and applications of our ideas have been presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935006)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12205054)+7 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020RC4047)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0102400)Hunan Provincial Major Scitech Program(Grant No.2023ZJ1010)Ph.D.Research Foundation(BSJJ202122)supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan(No.P22018)Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT)Research,the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)(via the Quantum Leap Flagship Program(Q-LEAP),and the Moonshot R&D(Grant No.JPMJMS2061))the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development(AOARD)(Grant No.FA2386-20-1-4069)the Office of Naval Research(ONR)Global(Grant No.N62909-23-1-2074)。
文摘Cavity magnomechanics,exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability,rich magnonic nonlinearities,and compatibility with various quantum systems,has witnessed considerable advances in recent years.However,the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM)systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored.Here we show that,by squeezing the magnons,the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SQL).We find that,for comparable parameters,two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing.Moreover,we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise.Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices,with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.
基金supported by the Special Zone Project of National Defense Innovation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572304 and 61272096)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61332019)+2 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Plan of“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”(No.21YF1415100)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(No.2021J01129)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cryptology。
文摘Universal quantum computers are far from achieving practical applications.The D-Wave quantum computer is initially designed for combinatorial optimizations.Therefore,exploring the potential applications of the D-Wave device in the field of cryptography is of great importance.First,although we optimize the general quantum Hamiltonian on the basis of the structure of the multiplication table(factor up to 1005973),this study attempts to explore the simplification of Hamiltonian derived from the binary structure of the integers to be factored.A simple factorization on 143 with four qubits is provided to verify the potential of further advancing the integer-factoring ability of the D-Wave device.Second,by using the quantum computing cryptography based on the D-Wave 2000 Q system,this research further constructs a simple version of quantum-classical computing architecture and a Quantum-Inspired Simulated Annealing(QISA)framework.Good functions and a high-performance platform are introduced,and additional balanced Boolean functions with high nonlinearity and optimal algebraic immunity can be found.Further comparison between QISA and Quantum Annealing(QA)on six-variable bent functions not only shows the potential speedup of QA,but also suggests the potential of architecture to be a scalable way of D-Wave annealer toward a practical cryptography design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175094,and 91221205)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB921002)+2 种基金the Science Challenge Project(SCP)(Grant No.TZ2016003-1)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant Nos.ZDSYS20170303165926217,and JCYJ20170412152620376)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant No.2016ZT06D348)
文摘Quantum state preparation plays an equally important role as quantum operations and measurements in quantum information processing. The previous methods for initialization require either an exponential number of experiments, or cause signal reduction or place restrictions on molecular structures. In this study, we propose three types of quantum circuits for preparing the pseudo-pure states of(n-1) qubits in the n-coupled Hilbert space, which simply needs the assistance of one ancilla spin and two different experiments independent of n. Most importantly, our methods work well on homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear molecules without the reduction of signals in the gradient field. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we experimentally prepared the pseudo-pure states of heteronuclear 2-qubit and homonuclear 4-qubit molecules using a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor.
基金the Special Zone Project of National Defense Innovation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572304 and 61272096)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61332019)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cryptology。
文摘In recent years,the urbanization process has brought modernity while also causing key issues,such as traffic congestion and parking conflicts.Therefore,cities need a more intelligent"brain"to form more intelligent and efficient transportation systems.At present,as a type of machine learning,the traditional clustering algorithm still has limitations.K-means algorithm is widely used to solve traffic clustering problems,but it has limitations,such as sensitivity to initial points and poor robustness.Therefore,based on the hybrid architecture of Quantum Annealing(QA)and brain-inspired cognitive computing,this study proposes QA and Brain-Inspired Clustering Algorithm(QABICA)to solve the problem of urban taxi-stand locations.Based on the traffic trajectory data of Xi’an and Chengdu provided by Didi Chuxing,the clustering results of our algorithm and K-means algorithm are compared.We find that the average taxi-stand location bias of the final result based on QABICA is smaller than that based on K-means,and the bias of our algorithm can effectively reduce the tradition K-means bias by approximately 42%,up to approximately 83%,with higher robustness.QA algorithm is able to jump out of the local suboptimal solutions and approach the global optimum,and brain-inspired cognitive computing provides search feedback and direction.Thus,we will further consider applying our algorithm to analyze urban traffic flow,and solve traffic congestion and other key problems in intelligent transportation.
基金supported by the Special Zone Project of National Defense Innovation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61572304 and 61272096)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61332019)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cryptology.
文摘With the slow progress of universal quantum computers,studies on the feasibility of optimization by a dedicated and quantum-annealing-based annealer are important.The quantum principle is expected to utilize the quantum tunneling effects to find the optimal solutions for the exponential-level problems while classical annealing may be affected by the initializations.This study constructs a new Quantum-Inspired Annealing(QIA)framework to explore the potentials of quantum annealing for solving Ising model with comparisons to the classical one.Through various configurations of the 1 D Ising model,the new framework can achieve ground state,corresponding to the optimum of classical problems,with higher probability up to 28%versus classical counterpart(22%in case).This condition not only reveals the potential of quantum annealing for solving the Ising-like Hamiltonian,but also contributes to an improved understanding and use of the quantum annealer for various applications in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11605005,11875159,and U1801661)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(ZDSYS20170303165926217 and JCYJ20180302174036418)+4 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06D348)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0306600)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(11425523)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(11661161018)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY050000)
文摘Precisely and efficiently designing control pulses for the preparation of quantum states and quantum gates are the fundamental tasks for quantum computation.Gradient-based optimal control methods are the routine to design such pulses.However,the gradient information is often difficult to calculate or measure,especially when the system is not well calibrated or in the presence of various uncertainties.Gradient-free evolutionary algorithm is an alternative choice to accomplish this task but usually with low-efficiency.Here,we design an efficient mutation rule by using the information of the current and the former individuals together.This leads to our improved differential evolution algorithm,called da DE.To demonstrate its performance,we numerically benchmark the pulse optimization for quantum states and quantum gates preparations on small-scale NMR system.Further numerical comparisons with conventional differential evolution algorithms show that da DE has great advantages on the convergence speed and robustness to several uncertainties including pulse imperfections and measurement errors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11734004).
文摘In the past decades,significant progress has been achieved in artificial intelligence,which is now widely applied in image recognition,big data analysis,unmanned vehicle control and other cognitive tasks[1].These applications nevertheless are highly energy consuming partly because of the mismatch between the neural-network-computing-based software im-plementation and the von Neumann architecture of present computers.One promising solution is developing neuro-morphic chips without the so-called von Neumann bottle-neck,which are suitable for performing the desired computation based on artificial neural networks(ANNs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of China (11804410)partial support by the Foundation for Polish Science (IRAP project, ICTQT, contract No. 2018/MAB/5, cofinanced by EU within the Smart Growth Operational Programme)+5 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11574291, 11774334)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11975117, 11875159, 11905099, and U1801661)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515011383)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory (2019B121203002)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771278)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars
文摘Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing.It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction,as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high fidelity.Here we propose a simple quantum error-correcting code for the detected amplitude damping channel.The code requires only two qubits.We implement the encoding,the channel,and the recovery on an optical platform,the IBM Q System,and a nuclear magnetic resonance system.For all of these systems,the error correction advantage appears when the damping rate exceeds some threshold.We compare the features of these quantum information processing systems used and demonstrate the advantage of quantum error correction on current quantum computing platforms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11874065the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No 2018B030326001+3 种基金the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program under Grant No 2016ZT06D348the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No 2017B030308003the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant No 2018JJ1031the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant Nos ZDSYS20170303165926217,JCYJ20170412152620376 and KYTDPT20181011104202253
文摘Landau-Zener-Stückelberg(LZS)interference has drawn renewed attention to quantum information processing research because it is not only an effective tool for characterizing two-level quantum systems but also a powerful approach to manipulate quantum states.Superconducting quantum circuits,due to their versatile tunability and degrees of control,are ideal platforms for studying LZS interference phenomena.We use a superconducting Xmon qubit to study LZS interference by parametrically modulating the qubit transition frequency nonlinearly.For dc flux biasing of the qubit slightly far away from the optimal flux point,the qubit excited state population shows an interference pattern that is very similar to the standard LZS interference in linear regime,except that all bands shift towards lower frequencies when increasing the rf modulation amplitude.For dc flux biasing close to the optimal flux point,the negative sidebands and the positive sidebands behave differently,resulting in an asymmetric interference pattern.The experimental results are also in good agreement with our analytical and numerical simulations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874195)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design(Grant No.2019B030301001)the Center for Computational Science and Engineering of SUSTech.
文摘It was recently noted that in certain nonmagnetic centrosymmetric compounds,spin–orbit interactions couple each local sector that lacks inversion symmetry,leading to visible spin polarization effects in the real space,dubbed“hidden spin polarization(HSP)”.However,observable spin polarization of a given local sector suffers interference from its inversion partner,impeding material realization and potential applications of HSP.Starting from a single-orbital tight-binding model,we propose a nontrivial way to obtain strong sector-projected spin texture through the vanishing hybridization between inversion partners protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry.The HSP effect is generally compensated by inversion partners near the Г point but immune from the hopping effect around the boundary of the Brillouin zone.We further summarize 17 layer groups that support such symmetry-assisted HSP and identify hundreds of quasi-2D materials from the existing databases by first-principle calculations,among which a group of rare-earth compounds LnIO(Ln=Pr,Nd,Ho,Tm,and Lu)serves as great candidates showing strong Rashba-and Dresselhaus-type HSP.Our findings expand the material pool for potential spintronic applications and shed light on controlling HSP properties for emergent quantum phenomena.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074091,12004044,and U1930402)+2 种基金the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018003)the Fund from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(Grant No.JPNP16007)Japan Science and Technology Agency(Moonshot R&D,Grant No.JPMJMS2067 and CREST,Grant No.JPMJCR1676).
文摘We propose a lumped element Josephson parametric amplifier with vacuum-gap-based capacitor.The capacitor is made of quasi-floating aluminum pad and on-chip ground.We take a fabrication process compatible with air-bridge technology,which makes our design adaptable for future on-chip integrated quantum computing system.Further engineering the input impedance,we obtain a gain above 20 dB over 162-MHz bandwidth,along with a quasi quantum-limit noise performance.This work should facilitate the development of quantum information processing and integrated superconducting circuit design.
基金This work was supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)funded Center for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(CE170100012)partially funded by the USA Army Research Office(W911NF-08-1-0527)。
文摘Atomic-level qubits in silicon are attractive candidates for large-scale quantum computing;however,their quantum properties and controllability are sensitive to details such as the number of donor atoms comprising a qubit and their precise location.This work combines machine learning techniques with million-atom simulations of scanning tunnelling microscopic(STM)images of dopants to formulate a theoretical framework capable of determining the number of dopants at a particular qubit location and their positions with exact lattice site precision.A convolutional neural network(CNN)was trained on 100,000 simulated STM images,acquiring a characterisation fidelity(number and absolute donor positions)of>98% over a set of 17,600 test images including planar and blurring noise commensurate with experimental measurements.The formalism is based on a systematic symmetry analysis and feature-detection processing of the STM images to optimise the computational efficiency.The technique is demonstrated for qubits formed by single and pairs of closely spaced donor atoms,with the potential to generalise it for larger donor clusters.The method established here will enable a high-precision post-fabrication characterisation of dopant qubits in silicon,with high-throughput potentially alleviating the requirements on the level of resources required for quantum-based characterisation,which will otherwise be a challenge in the context of large qubit arrays for universal quantum computing.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(DP110103473)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60736011)
文摘This paper surveys the new field of programming methodology and techniques for future quantum computers, including design of sequential and concurrent quantum programming languages, their semantics and implementations. Several verification methods for quantum programs and communication protocols are also reviewed. The potential applications of programming techniques and related formal methods in quantum engineering are pointed out.
文摘Among existing approaches to holonomic quantum computing,the adiabatic holonomic quantum gates(HQGs)suffer errors due to decoherence,while the non-adiabatic HQGs either require additional Hilbert spaces or are difficult to scale.Here,we report a systematic,scalable approach based on dynamical invariants to realize HQGs without using additional Hilbert spaces.While presenting the theoretical framework of our approach,we design and experimentally evaluate single-qubit and two-qubits HQGs for the nuclear magnetic resonance system.The single-qubit gates acquire average fidelity 0.9972 by randomized benchmarking,and the controlled-NOT gate acquires fidelity 0.9782 by quantum process tomography.Our approach is also platform-independent,and thus may open a way to large-scale holonomic quantum computation.
基金funding from National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0304800)NSFC funding(Grant Nos.U20A20218,61525504,61722510,61435011)+7 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(Grant No.202203a13010001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS Grant No.2018490,EPSRC through grant agreements EP/M014398/1,EP/R002061/1,EP/L023024/1,EP/P012000/1,EP/R035482/1,EP/S015973/1,as well as,DSTL,and Durham UniversityThe European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant No.845218(Marie Curie Fellowship to H.B.)F.N.is supported in part by:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT)Research,the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)[via the Quantum Leap Flagship Program(Q-LEAP),and the Moonshot R&D Grant Number JPMJMS2061]the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)[via the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI)Grant No.JP20H00134]the Army Research Office(ARO)(Grant No.W911NF-18-1-0358)the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development(AOARD)(via Grant No.FA2386-20-1-4069)the Foundational Questions Institute Fund(FQXi)via Grant No.FQXi-IAF19-06.
文摘It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics.While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics,there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled parameters to allow quantitative model testing.It is also challenging to replicate the macro non-equilibrium effects of complex models in microscopic systems.In this work,we demonstrate experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically-driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms.Using multiple laser beams we can impose any desired spatial structure.The observed spatially localized phase transitions simulate the outbreak of an infectious disease in multiple locations,and the splitting of the outbreak in subregions,as well as the dynamics towards“herd immunity”and“endemic state”in different regimes.The reported results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics.
