The collection of papers in this special issue of China Population and Develop-ment Studies includes a review on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and four reports on preliminary findings from the 8t...The collection of papers in this special issue of China Population and Develop-ment Studies includes a review on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and four reports on preliminary findings from the 8th wave of CLHLS conducted in 2017-2018.Population of China,which is the largest developing country with 1.4 billion peo-ple in total in 2019,is aging rapidly due to rapid declines in both fertility and mor-tality.展开更多
Our data analyses show that female older adults in Sri Lanka face significant dis-advantages in disability status compared to their male counterparts.However,their socioeconomic statuses are generally lower than their...Our data analyses show that female older adults in Sri Lanka face significant dis-advantages in disability status compared to their male counterparts.However,their socioeconomic statuses are generally lower than their male counterparts.This is a critical issue,and it is essential for the government and society to ensure that old-age insurance and service programs benefit older women and men equally.Based on empirical data analyses,we projected households,living arrangements,and home-based care needs for disabled older adults in Sri Lanka for the period 2012-2060,using the internationally recognized ProFamy extended cohort-component method/software and conventionally available data.Our projections indicate that home-based care needs for older adults in Sri Lanka will increase substantially due to the inevitable trends of rapid population aging and the sharp rise in the oldest-old popu-lation(aged 80+).Consequently,policy reforms and socioeconomic planning are urgently needed to address the significant challenges posed by these large and rapid increases in care needs.Our projections also show that disabled unmarried elders living alone will increase at a faster rate than those disabled unmarried elders living with children.We suggest that adult children may be encouraged to live with or near their aging parents.Co-residence or proximity can reduce home-based care expendi-tures,improve the well-being and health of elderly parents,and enable them to care for their grandchildren,resulting in“win-win”outcomes.展开更多
This article presents analyses on dynamics of family households and elderly living arrangements in China mainly based on the micro data of 2010,2000 and 1990 censuses.We demonstrate and discuss the trends and rural-ur...This article presents analyses on dynamics of family households and elderly living arrangements in China mainly based on the micro data of 2010,2000 and 1990 censuses.We demonstrate and discuss the trends and rural-urban differentials of largely declined household size,quickly increasing one-person and one-couple-only households,substantially increased proportions of elderly living alone or with spouse only.It is strikingly interesting that proportion of three-generation family households increased by 18.9%in rural area but decreased by 23.7%in urban areas in 2010 compared to 1990,due to rural-urban differences in demographic effects of large fertility decline and socioeconomic/attitude changes.We also present and discuss two interesting demographic phenomenon which were relatively overlooked in the literature.First,increase in number of households is much larger than population growth,due to shrinking of the household size and decomposition of larger families into smaller ones,and very much slowed-down population growth.Second,increases in numbers of elderly(especially oldest-old)who live alone or with spouse only are dramatically larger than the increase in the corresponding proportions,due to the effects of rapid population aging,while later and larger birth cohorts become old.Such trends have important implications for the analyses on the current and future market demands of the products and services,of which households are the consumption units.We recommend that the studies on home-based energy use and sustainable development should be based on analyses of family household dynamics rather than population growth.展开更多
We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding f...We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding from the climate and urbanization with a focus on the oldest-old.This study included 13,207 old participants with 73.3%aged 80 and beyond,followed up from 2008 to 2018 in 23 Chinese provinces.We used the Cox-proportional hazards model and quantile-based g-computation model to measure separate and joint effects of the multiple pollutants.We adjusted for climate and area economic factors based on a directed acyclic graph.In 2018,no participants met the WHO AQG for PM_(2.5) and O_(3),and about one-third met the AQG for NO_(2).The hazard ratio(HR)for mortality was 1.07(95%confidence interval-CI:1.05,1.09)per decile increase in all three pollutants,with PM_(2.5) being the dominant contributor according to the quantile-based g-computation model.In the three-pollutant model,the HRs(95%CI)for PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) were 1.27(1.25,1.3)and 1.08(1.05,1.12)per 10μg/m3 increase,respectively.The oldest-old experienced a much lower mortality risk from air pollution compared to the young-old.The mortality risk of PM_(2.5) was higher in areas with higher annual average temperatures.The adjustment of road density considerably intensified the association between NO_(2) and mortality.The ambient PM_(2.5) and O_(3) levels in China exceeded the WHO AQG target substantially.Multiple pollutants coexposure,confounding,and modification of the district economic and climate factors should not be ignored in the association between air pollution and mortality.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Little is known about gender differences in health,family,and socioeconomics among oldest-old in China,What is added by this report?This study aims to fill this knowledge ga...Summary What is already known on this topic?Little is known about gender differences in health,family,and socioeconomics among oldest-old in China,What is added by this report?This study aims to fill this knowledge gap through analyzing gender differences in familial status,socioeconomics,functional capacities,and self-reported wellbeing using the 1998,2008–2009,and 2017–2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.展开更多
With a brief overview on changes of elderly people and related socio-economic and policy changes during the last two decades in China,this review introduces the Chi-nese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).Th...With a brief overview on changes of elderly people and related socio-economic and policy changes during the last two decades in China,this review introduces the Chi-nese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The review also tracks fol-low-up survey waves that came after the initial CLHLS and the evolution of CLHLS questionnaire design over this 20 year period.The CLHLS database contains approximately 130 thousand records of surviving and deceased elderly people aged 65 and above.There is information on the demographics of the elderly population,as well as information on health status,the cognitive abilities of the elderly,their lifestyles,their ability to perform daily activities,and self-assessments of the elderly.There is also information on elderly care providers and family members.The review introduces the sampling design used by CLHLS,lists core information collected by the survey,and identifies major items added to follow-up surveys,including to the 2018 survey.It summarizes how CLHLS data is used and related publications.展开更多
Centenarians have delayed or absent onset and interaction of agerelated disturbances and might be a prototype of human longevity and successful aging.1 What are the factors and models of centenarian longevity?This iss...Centenarians have delayed or absent onset and interaction of agerelated disturbances and might be a prototype of human longevity and successful aging.1 What are the factors and models of centenarian longevity?This issue has confused humans for thousands of years.Studies comparing centenarians and other oldest-old individuals could identify the factors related to centenarian longevity,and analysis of their relationships in these oldest-old individuals could improve the models of centenarian longevity.1 All these factors and models could be used to identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of age-related disturbances and the promotion of centenarian longevity.展开更多
Cohort evidence linking long-term survival of older adults with exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents remains scarce in China.By constructing a dynamic cohort based on the Chinese Longitudinal Heal...Cohort evidence linking long-term survival of older adults with exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents remains scarce in China.By constructing a dynamic cohort based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study,we aimed to assess the individual and joint associations of major PM_(2.5)constituents with all-cause death in Chinese oldest-old(≥80 years)adults.Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to estimate death risks of long-term exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents.Among 14,884 participants,totaling 56,342 person-years of follow-up,12,346 deaths were identified.The highest mortality risk associated with an interquartile range(IQR)increase in exposure was 1.081(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.055–1.108)for sulfate(IQR=4.1μg m^(-3)),followed by 1.078(95%CI:1.056–1.101)for black carbon(IQR=1.6μg m^(-3)),1.056(95%CI:1.028–1.084)for ammonium(IQR=3.2μg m^(-3)),1.050(95%CI:1.021–1.080)for nitrate(IQR=5.8μg m^(-3)),and 1.049(95%CI:1.024–1.074)for organic matter(IQR=10.3μg m^(-3)).In joint exposure,each IQRequivalent rise of all five PM_(2.5)constituents was associated with an 8.2%(95%CI:4.0%–12.6%)increase in mortality risk.The weight analysis indicated the predominant role of sulfate and black carbon in driving PM_(2.5)-related mortality.Octogenarians(aged 80–89 years)and rural dwellers were at significantly greater risk of mortality from individual and joint exposures to PM_(2.5)constituents.This study suggests that later-life exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents,particularly sulfate and black carbon,may curtail long-term survival of the oldest-old in China.展开更多
文摘The collection of papers in this special issue of China Population and Develop-ment Studies includes a review on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and four reports on preliminary findings from the 8th wave of CLHLS conducted in 2017-2018.Population of China,which is the largest developing country with 1.4 billion peo-ple in total in 2019,is aging rapidly due to rapid declines in both fertility and mor-tality.
基金supported by the Asian Development Bank and by the grant awarded by the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China under grant Sect.2 of the Collaborative Program between China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN).
文摘Our data analyses show that female older adults in Sri Lanka face significant dis-advantages in disability status compared to their male counterparts.However,their socioeconomic statuses are generally lower than their male counterparts.This is a critical issue,and it is essential for the government and society to ensure that old-age insurance and service programs benefit older women and men equally.Based on empirical data analyses,we projected households,living arrangements,and home-based care needs for disabled older adults in Sri Lanka for the period 2012-2060,using the internationally recognized ProFamy extended cohort-component method/software and conventionally available data.Our projections indicate that home-based care needs for older adults in Sri Lanka will increase substantially due to the inevitable trends of rapid population aging and the sharp rise in the oldest-old popu-lation(aged 80+).Consequently,policy reforms and socioeconomic planning are urgently needed to address the significant challenges posed by these large and rapid increases in care needs.Our projections also show that disabled unmarried elders living alone will increase at a faster rate than those disabled unmarried elders living with children.We suggest that adult children may be encouraged to live with or near their aging parents.Co-residence or proximity can reduce home-based care expendi-tures,improve the well-being and health of elderly parents,and enable them to care for their grandchildren,resulting in“win-win”outcomes.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71490732).
文摘This article presents analyses on dynamics of family households and elderly living arrangements in China mainly based on the micro data of 2010,2000 and 1990 censuses.We demonstrate and discuss the trends and rural-urban differentials of largely declined household size,quickly increasing one-person and one-couple-only households,substantially increased proportions of elderly living alone or with spouse only.It is strikingly interesting that proportion of three-generation family households increased by 18.9%in rural area but decreased by 23.7%in urban areas in 2010 compared to 1990,due to rural-urban differences in demographic effects of large fertility decline and socioeconomic/attitude changes.We also present and discuss two interesting demographic phenomenon which were relatively overlooked in the literature.First,increase in number of households is much larger than population growth,due to shrinking of the household size and decomposition of larger families into smaller ones,and very much slowed-down population growth.Second,increases in numbers of elderly(especially oldest-old)who live alone or with spouse only are dramatically larger than the increase in the corresponding proportions,due to the effects of rapid population aging,while later and larger birth cohorts become old.Such trends have important implications for the analyses on the current and future market demands of the products and services,of which households are the consumption units.We recommend that the studies on home-based energy use and sustainable development should be based on analyses of family household dynamics rather than population growth.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2000400 to Y.Z.)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (72061137004,71490732 to Y.Z.)+4 种基金the U.S.National Institute of Aging of National Institute of Health (P01AG031719 to Y.Z.)supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82250610230 to J.J.S.)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (IS23105 to J.J.S.)Tsinghua University Vanke School of Public Health Research Grant (2021PY001 to J.J.S.)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (20233080015 to J.J.S.).
文摘We aimed to report real-world longitudinal ambient air pollutants levels compared to WHO Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and analyze multiple air pollutants’joint effect on longevity,and the modification and confounding from the climate and urbanization with a focus on the oldest-old.This study included 13,207 old participants with 73.3%aged 80 and beyond,followed up from 2008 to 2018 in 23 Chinese provinces.We used the Cox-proportional hazards model and quantile-based g-computation model to measure separate and joint effects of the multiple pollutants.We adjusted for climate and area economic factors based on a directed acyclic graph.In 2018,no participants met the WHO AQG for PM_(2.5) and O_(3),and about one-third met the AQG for NO_(2).The hazard ratio(HR)for mortality was 1.07(95%confidence interval-CI:1.05,1.09)per decile increase in all three pollutants,with PM_(2.5) being the dominant contributor according to the quantile-based g-computation model.In the three-pollutant model,the HRs(95%CI)for PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) were 1.27(1.25,1.3)and 1.08(1.05,1.12)per 10μg/m3 increase,respectively.The oldest-old experienced a much lower mortality risk from air pollution compared to the young-old.The mortality risk of PM_(2.5) was higher in areas with higher annual average temperatures.The adjustment of road density considerably intensified the association between NO_(2) and mortality.The ambient PM_(2.5) and O_(3) levels in China exceeded the WHO AQG target substantially.Multiple pollutants coexposure,confounding,and modification of the district economic and climate factors should not be ignored in the association between air pollution and mortality.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2000400),National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(72061137004,71490732),the U.S.NIA/NIH(P01AG031719)and Duke/Duke NUS/RECA(Pilot)/2019/0051.
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Little is known about gender differences in health,family,and socioeconomics among oldest-old in China,What is added by this report?This study aims to fill this knowledge gap through analyzing gender differences in familial status,socioeconomics,functional capacities,and self-reported wellbeing using the 1998,2008–2009,and 2017–2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.
基金The data analyzed in this paper are from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study(CLHLS)which was jointly supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71490732)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2000400)the U.S.National Institute of Aging of the National Institute of Health(P01AG031719).
文摘With a brief overview on changes of elderly people and related socio-economic and policy changes during the last two decades in China,this review introduces the Chi-nese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The review also tracks fol-low-up survey waves that came after the initial CLHLS and the evolution of CLHLS questionnaire design over this 20 year period.The CLHLS database contains approximately 130 thousand records of surviving and deceased elderly people aged 65 and above.There is information on the demographics of the elderly population,as well as information on health status,the cognitive abilities of the elderly,their lifestyles,their ability to perform daily activities,and self-assessments of the elderly.There is also information on elderly care providers and family members.The review introduces the sampling design used by CLHLS,lists core information collected by the survey,and identifies major items added to follow-up surveys,including to the 2018 survey.It summarizes how CLHLS data is used and related publications.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2000400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900357,81903392)+7 种基金the National S&T Resource Sharing service platform Project of China(YCZYPT[2018]07)the General Hospital of PLA Medical Big Data R&D Project(MBD2018030)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019M650359)the National Geriatric Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center Project(NCRCG-PLAGH-2017-014)the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Incubation Program(20QNPY110)the Sanya Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project(2016YW21)the Sanya Institutional and Local Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project,the Military Medicine Youth Program of Chinese PLA General Hospital(QNF19069)the Clinical Scientific Research Supporting Fund of Chinese PLA General Hospital(2017FC-CXYY-3009).
文摘Centenarians have delayed or absent onset and interaction of agerelated disturbances and might be a prototype of human longevity and successful aging.1 What are the factors and models of centenarian longevity?This issue has confused humans for thousands of years.Studies comparing centenarians and other oldest-old individuals could identify the factors related to centenarian longevity,and analysis of their relationships in these oldest-old individuals could improve the models of centenarian longevity.1 All these factors and models could be used to identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of age-related disturbances and the promotion of centenarian longevity.
基金supported by Youth Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (21YJCZH229)the Chunhui Program Collaborative Research Project of the Ministry of Education (HZKY20220336)“The 14th Five Year Plan”Hubei Provincial Advantaged Characteristic Disciplines (Groups)Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (2023C0102)。
文摘Cohort evidence linking long-term survival of older adults with exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents remains scarce in China.By constructing a dynamic cohort based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study,we aimed to assess the individual and joint associations of major PM_(2.5)constituents with all-cause death in Chinese oldest-old(≥80 years)adults.Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to estimate death risks of long-term exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents.Among 14,884 participants,totaling 56,342 person-years of follow-up,12,346 deaths were identified.The highest mortality risk associated with an interquartile range(IQR)increase in exposure was 1.081(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.055–1.108)for sulfate(IQR=4.1μg m^(-3)),followed by 1.078(95%CI:1.056–1.101)for black carbon(IQR=1.6μg m^(-3)),1.056(95%CI:1.028–1.084)for ammonium(IQR=3.2μg m^(-3)),1.050(95%CI:1.021–1.080)for nitrate(IQR=5.8μg m^(-3)),and 1.049(95%CI:1.024–1.074)for organic matter(IQR=10.3μg m^(-3)).In joint exposure,each IQRequivalent rise of all five PM_(2.5)constituents was associated with an 8.2%(95%CI:4.0%–12.6%)increase in mortality risk.The weight analysis indicated the predominant role of sulfate and black carbon in driving PM_(2.5)-related mortality.Octogenarians(aged 80–89 years)and rural dwellers were at significantly greater risk of mortality from individual and joint exposures to PM_(2.5)constituents.This study suggests that later-life exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents,particularly sulfate and black carbon,may curtail long-term survival of the oldest-old in China.
