This study aims to construct a large-scale hydrological Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)model based on temperature and precipitation at high altitudes,while elucidating the applicability of the model for hydrologic...This study aims to construct a large-scale hydrological Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)model based on temperature and precipitation at high altitudes,while elucidating the applicability of the model for hydrological simulation and analyzing the factors affecting runoff volume.Runoff volume and runoff depth were simulated using the VIC model and its performance was evaluated.Meanwhile,the factors affecting runoff volume were analyzed using Spearman correlation.The following model sensitivity parameters were obtained based on the China Natural Runoff Grid Point Dataset(CNRD v1.0):The variable infiltration curve parameter was 0.3,the Dsmax fraction where non-linear baseflow begins was 0.02,the maximum baseflow velocity was 15 mm/d,the maximum soil moisture where non-linear baseflow occurred was 0.7,the second soil moisture layer thickness was 0.3,and the thickness of the third soil moisture layer was 1.5.The surface runoff values in the Nyang River basin were similar in the first and fourth quarters(1.05–2.27 mm and 2.38–4.77 mm,respectively),and the surface runoff values were similar in the second and third quarters when the surface runoff was greater(23.46–52.20 mm and 60.59–85.63 mm,respectively).Watershed area,temperature,and precipitation significantly influenced the amount of runoff from the Nyang River.The applicability of the model to the Nyang River basin was confirmed using two different rate models.In some areas,precipitation and temperature did not have a dominating influence on runoff.Although the VIC model has significant advantages in runoff simulation,it requires a wealth of meteorological,soil,and hydrological data that may be difficult to obtain in some areas.展开更多
Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 18 rainfall stations in Guangdong Beijiang River basin and the definitions of Precipitation Concentration Degree(PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Pe...Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 18 rainfall stations in Guangdong Beijiang River basin and the definitions of Precipitation Concentration Degree(PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period(PCP),the inhomogeneous distribution characteristics of interannual precipitation were analyzed by introducing the spatial distribution of annual mean values,variable coefficients,correlation coefficients between annual precipitation,change trends and composite analysis. The results showed that(1) PCD mainly decreased from south to north in spatial distribution; PCP was earlier in most of north-central basin,but relatively later in southern basin.(2) Annual precipitation would increase if PCD decreased in most of river basin,and annual precipitation would decrease as PCP lagged in southern basin,but the change trend was the opposite in northern basin.(3) PCD and PCP mainly showed insignificant upward trend in the entire basin by Mann-Kendall test.展开更多
Climate change is affecting the IPLCs(Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities)around the world,including ethnic minorities in China,especially from agriculture,animal husbandry,hunting and gathering,which are their m...Climate change is affecting the IPLCs(Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities)around the world,including ethnic minorities in China,especially from agriculture,animal husbandry,hunting and gathering,which are their main source of livelihoods.At the same time,IPLCs have rich traditional knowledge related to climate and its disasters,especially in their livelihoods.This review work examines the research about traditional knowledge associated to livelihood in monitoring and adapting to changing climatic conditions in ethnic minorities in China.Authors reviewed the research papers and monographs on the traditional agricultural livelihood of ethnic minorities in China,and divided different agricultural types on the basis of literature review.At the same time,authors focused on reviewing the traditional knowledge formed by ethnic minorities in the agriculture,especially the traditional knowledge related to weather and climate information.In authors’findings authors realized that ethnic minorities are the practitioners of traditional agricultural practices.Their observation and perception come from real life and may not be“scientific”,but they directly reflect the impact of climate change on local livelihoods and contain wisdom to adapt to climate change.Ethnic minorities not only observe and perceive climate change,but also actively adapt to the impact of climate change on traditional livelihoods.In the process of adaptation,traditional knowledge plays a key role.This paper highlights how traditional knowledge can improve understanding of the influence of climate change on livelihood,and provide ideas to develop an equitable and effective plan to adapt the climate change.For the IPLCs,compared with the externally driven adaption options,they are more willing to take the community-based plan,because such plans will enable them to apply their traditional knowledge according to the geographical location and environment of their areas,so that their actions to adapt to climate change will be more effective.展开更多
Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 8 rainfall stations in Shaoguan City,the indexes of precipitation concentration degree（ PCD） and precipitation concentration period（ PCP） were calcu...Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 8 rainfall stations in Shaoguan City,the indexes of precipitation concentration degree（ PCD） and precipitation concentration period（ PCP） were calculated. And then inverse distance weighted（ IDW） interpolation method was used to analyze the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of inter-annual precipitation by introducing the spatial distribution of annual mean values,variable coefficients,correlation coefficients with annual precipitation,change trends and composite analysis. The results showed that PCD was mainly decreasing from southeast to northwest in spatial distribution,long-term average annual values of PCP were distributed in the first ten days of June at most region. Annual precipitation increased as PCD increased in southern region,but the change trend was the opposite in northern region. Annual precipitation increased as PCP lagged in most region. PCD and PCP mainly appeared upward trend. Composite analysis of PCD in more-precipitation years was similar to less-precipitation years in spatial distribution,but the PCD in less-precipitation years was higher.Seen from the mean in the whole region,PCP in more-precipitation years lagged about 20 days behind those in less-precipitation years. The research can provide basis for the production of agriculture and industry as well as disaster prevention and reduction.展开更多
7 kinds of probability distribution functions were used to fit extreme rainfall indexes R1d（ the maximum 1-d rainfall in the year） and R5d（ the maximum continuous 5-d rainfall in the year） at 18 observation statio...7 kinds of probability distribution functions were used to fit extreme rainfall indexes R1d（ the maximum 1-d rainfall in the year） and R5d（ the maximum continuous 5-d rainfall in the year） at 18 observation stations of Beijiang River basin,and linear moment method was used to estimate parameters. According to fitting goodness test,the best probability distribution function was determined. On this basis,spatial analysis of design values of R1d and R5d with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was conducted. Via further selection,GH Copula was taken as connection function,and R1d-R5d joint probability distribution in the basin was studied. The results showed that R1d or R5d probability with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was larger in Wengyuan and Qingyuan,while R1d and R5d co-occurrence probability with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was larger in central north region.展开更多
As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the...As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the question of whcther China should bc labeled a"revisionist state"or whether it's pursu-ing a mor inclusive and equitable global order.cne that upholds the spirit ard principles of key institutions in the existing global governance system,including the United Nations.The GGI focuses on the direction,principles and pathways for reforming the global govemance system.展开更多
Having reached the age of reason during the first term of the Ronald Reagan presidency(1981-85),I distinetly recall two lessons from that period that were initially formative in my worldview,despite what appears in hi...Having reached the age of reason during the first term of the Ronald Reagan presidency(1981-85),I distinetly recall two lessons from that period that were initially formative in my worldview,despite what appears in hindsight to be a fundamental contradiction.展开更多
We give a further study on B-tensors and introduce doubly B- tensors that contain B-tensors. We show that they have similar properties, including their decompositions and strong relationship with strictly （doubly） d...We give a further study on B-tensors and introduce doubly B- tensors that contain B-tensors. We show that they have similar properties, including their decompositions and strong relationship with strictly （doubly） diagonally dominated tensors. As an application, the properties of B-tensors are used to localize real eigenvalues of some tensors, which would be very useful in verifying the positive semi-definiteness of a tensor.展开更多
Perhaps the most remarkable quality of the recent foreign minister's press conference at the midpoint of the Two Sessions was its dialectic of diplomatic can-dor.When it came to discussing China-U.S.relationsand,b...Perhaps the most remarkable quality of the recent foreign minister's press conference at the midpoint of the Two Sessions was its dialectic of diplomatic can-dor.When it came to discussing China-U.S.relationsand,byextension,Israelipolicies toward the Palestinian people and Iran,Wang Yi communicated clear messages but care-fully avoided proper names.展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Project of Science and Technology Program of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202301ZY0006G)the Graduate High-level Talent Training Program of Xizang University(2022-GSP-B007)+1 种基金Nagqu City Science and Technology Program Key R&D Projects(NQKJ-2023-15)Central Financial Support for Local Universities to Construct Wetland Station in Mitika and Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Civilization of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau([2024]NO.01).
文摘This study aims to construct a large-scale hydrological Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)model based on temperature and precipitation at high altitudes,while elucidating the applicability of the model for hydrological simulation and analyzing the factors affecting runoff volume.Runoff volume and runoff depth were simulated using the VIC model and its performance was evaluated.Meanwhile,the factors affecting runoff volume were analyzed using Spearman correlation.The following model sensitivity parameters were obtained based on the China Natural Runoff Grid Point Dataset(CNRD v1.0):The variable infiltration curve parameter was 0.3,the Dsmax fraction where non-linear baseflow begins was 0.02,the maximum baseflow velocity was 15 mm/d,the maximum soil moisture where non-linear baseflow occurred was 0.7,the second soil moisture layer thickness was 0.3,and the thickness of the third soil moisture layer was 1.5.The surface runoff values in the Nyang River basin were similar in the first and fourth quarters(1.05–2.27 mm and 2.38–4.77 mm,respectively),and the surface runoff values were similar in the second and third quarters when the surface runoff was greater(23.46–52.20 mm and 60.59–85.63 mm,respectively).Watershed area,temperature,and precipitation significantly influenced the amount of runoff from the Nyang River.The applicability of the model to the Nyang River basin was confirmed using two different rate models.In some areas,precipitation and temperature did not have a dominating influence on runoff.Although the VIC model has significant advantages in runoff simulation,it requires a wealth of meteorological,soil,and hydrological data that may be difficult to obtain in some areas.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(41571091)the "13th Five-year" Planning Item of Guangdong Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD16CGL10)
文摘Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 18 rainfall stations in Guangdong Beijiang River basin and the definitions of Precipitation Concentration Degree(PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period(PCP),the inhomogeneous distribution characteristics of interannual precipitation were analyzed by introducing the spatial distribution of annual mean values,variable coefficients,correlation coefficients between annual precipitation,change trends and composite analysis. The results showed that(1) PCD mainly decreased from south to north in spatial distribution; PCP was earlier in most of north-central basin,but relatively later in southern basin.(2) Annual precipitation would increase if PCD decreased in most of river basin,and annual precipitation would decrease as PCP lagged in southern basin,but the change trend was the opposite in northern basin.(3) PCD and PCP mainly showed insignificant upward trend in the entire basin by Mann-Kendall test.
文摘Climate change is affecting the IPLCs(Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities)around the world,including ethnic minorities in China,especially from agriculture,animal husbandry,hunting and gathering,which are their main source of livelihoods.At the same time,IPLCs have rich traditional knowledge related to climate and its disasters,especially in their livelihoods.This review work examines the research about traditional knowledge associated to livelihood in monitoring and adapting to changing climatic conditions in ethnic minorities in China.Authors reviewed the research papers and monographs on the traditional agricultural livelihood of ethnic minorities in China,and divided different agricultural types on the basis of literature review.At the same time,authors focused on reviewing the traditional knowledge formed by ethnic minorities in the agriculture,especially the traditional knowledge related to weather and climate information.In authors’findings authors realized that ethnic minorities are the practitioners of traditional agricultural practices.Their observation and perception come from real life and may not be“scientific”,but they directly reflect the impact of climate change on local livelihoods and contain wisdom to adapt to climate change.Ethnic minorities not only observe and perceive climate change,but also actively adapt to the impact of climate change on traditional livelihoods.In the process of adaptation,traditional knowledge plays a key role.This paper highlights how traditional knowledge can improve understanding of the influence of climate change on livelihood,and provide ideas to develop an equitable and effective plan to adapt the climate change.For the IPLCs,compared with the externally driven adaption options,they are more willing to take the community-based plan,because such plans will enable them to apply their traditional knowledge according to the geographical location and environment of their areas,so that their actions to adapt to climate change will be more effective.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(41371498,31170486,41571091)Youth Fund of Humanistic and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of PRC in 2017(17YJCZH114)the"13th Five-year"Planning Item of Guangdong Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD16CGL10)
文摘Based on the daily precipitation data between 1965 and 2009 from 8 rainfall stations in Shaoguan City,the indexes of precipitation concentration degree（ PCD） and precipitation concentration period（ PCP） were calculated. And then inverse distance weighted（ IDW） interpolation method was used to analyze the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of inter-annual precipitation by introducing the spatial distribution of annual mean values,variable coefficients,correlation coefficients with annual precipitation,change trends and composite analysis. The results showed that PCD was mainly decreasing from southeast to northwest in spatial distribution,long-term average annual values of PCP were distributed in the first ten days of June at most region. Annual precipitation increased as PCD increased in southern region,but the change trend was the opposite in northern region. Annual precipitation increased as PCP lagged in most region. PCD and PCP mainly appeared upward trend. Composite analysis of PCD in more-precipitation years was similar to less-precipitation years in spatial distribution,but the PCD in less-precipitation years was higher.Seen from the mean in the whole region,PCP in more-precipitation years lagged about 20 days behind those in less-precipitation years. The research can provide basis for the production of agriculture and industry as well as disaster prevention and reduction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(41571091)Youth Fund of Humanistic and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of PRC in 2017(17YJCZH114)the "13~(th) Five-year" Planning Item of Guangdong Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD16CGL10)
文摘7 kinds of probability distribution functions were used to fit extreme rainfall indexes R1d（ the maximum 1-d rainfall in the year） and R5d（ the maximum continuous 5-d rainfall in the year） at 18 observation stations of Beijiang River basin,and linear moment method was used to estimate parameters. According to fitting goodness test,the best probability distribution function was determined. On this basis,spatial analysis of design values of R1d and R5d with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was conducted. Via further selection,GH Copula was taken as connection function,and R1d-R5d joint probability distribution in the basin was studied. The results showed that R1d or R5d probability with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was larger in Wengyuan and Qingyuan,while R1d and R5d co-occurrence probability with 50-a and 100-a reappearance periods was larger in central north region.
文摘As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the question of whcther China should bc labeled a"revisionist state"or whether it's pursu-ing a mor inclusive and equitable global order.cne that upholds the spirit ard principles of key institutions in the existing global governance system,including the United Nations.The GGI focuses on the direction,principles and pathways for reforming the global govemance system.
文摘Having reached the age of reason during the first term of the Ronald Reagan presidency(1981-85),I distinetly recall two lessons from that period that were initially formative in my worldview,despite what appears in hindsight to be a fundamental contradiction.
文摘We give a further study on B-tensors and introduce doubly B- tensors that contain B-tensors. We show that they have similar properties, including their decompositions and strong relationship with strictly （doubly） diagonally dominated tensors. As an application, the properties of B-tensors are used to localize real eigenvalues of some tensors, which would be very useful in verifying the positive semi-definiteness of a tensor.
文摘Perhaps the most remarkable quality of the recent foreign minister's press conference at the midpoint of the Two Sessions was its dialectic of diplomatic can-dor.When it came to discussing China-U.S.relationsand,byextension,Israelipolicies toward the Palestinian people and Iran,Wang Yi communicated clear messages but care-fully avoided proper names.
