We extend the monolithic convex limiting(MCL)methodology to nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral-element methods(DGSEMS).The use of Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto(LGL)quadrature endows collocated DGSEM space discretizations ...We extend the monolithic convex limiting(MCL)methodology to nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral-element methods(DGSEMS).The use of Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto(LGL)quadrature endows collocated DGSEM space discretizations of nonlinear hyperbolic problems with properties that greatly simplify the design of invariant domain-preserving high-resolution schemes.Compared to many other continuous and discontinuous Galerkin method variants,a particular advantage of the LGL spectral operator is the availability of a natural decomposition into a compatible subcellflux discretization.Representing a highorder spatial semi-discretization in terms of intermediate states,we performflux limiting in a manner that keeps these states and the results of Runge-Kutta stages in convex invariant domains.In addition,local bounds may be imposed on scalar quantities of interest.In contrast to limiting approaches based on predictor-corrector algorithms,our MCL procedure for LGL-DGSEM yields nonlinearflux approximations that are independent of the time-step size and can be further modified to enforce entropy stability.To demonstrate the robustness of MCL/DGSEM schemes for the compressible Euler equations,we run simulations for challenging setups featuring strong shocks,steep density gradients,and vortex dominatedflows.展开更多
In this paper,a new strategy for a sub-element-based shock capturing for discontinuous Galerkin(DG)approximations is presented.The idea is to interpret a DG element as a col-lection of data and construct a hierarchy o...In this paper,a new strategy for a sub-element-based shock capturing for discontinuous Galerkin(DG)approximations is presented.The idea is to interpret a DG element as a col-lection of data and construct a hierarchy of low-to-high-order discretizations on this set of data,including a first-order finite volume scheme up to the full-order DG scheme.The dif-ferent DG discretizations are then blended according to sub-element troubled cell indicators,resulting in a final discretization that adaptively blends from low to high order within a single DG element.The goal is to retain as much high-order accuracy as possible,even in simula-tions with very strong shocks,as,e.g.,presented in the Sedov test.The framework retains the locality of the standard DG scheme and is hence well suited for a combination with adaptive mesh refinement and parallel computing.The numerical tests demonstrate the sub-element adaptive behavior of the new shock capturing approach and its high accuracy.展开更多
Recently,it was discovered that the entropy-conserving/dissipative high-order split-form discontinuous Galerkin discretizations have robustness issues when trying to solve the sim-ple density wave propagation example ...Recently,it was discovered that the entropy-conserving/dissipative high-order split-form discontinuous Galerkin discretizations have robustness issues when trying to solve the sim-ple density wave propagation example for the compressible Euler equations.The issue is related to missing local linear stability,i.e.,the stability of the discretization towards per-turbations added to a stable base flow.This is strongly related to an anti-diffusion mech-anism,that is inherent in entropy-conserving two-point fluxes,which are a key ingredi-ent for the high-order discontinuous Galerkin extension.In this paper,we investigate if pressure equilibrium preservation is a remedy to these recently found local linear stability issues of entropy-conservative/dissipative high-order split-form discontinuous Galerkin methods for the compressible Euler equations.Pressure equilibrium preservation describes the property of a discretization to keep pressure and velocity constant for pure density wave propagation.We present the full theoretical derivation,analysis,and show corresponding numerical results to underline our findings.In addition,we characterize numerical fluxes for the Euler equations that are entropy-conservative,kinetic-energy-preserving,pressure-equilibrium-preserving,and have a density flux that does not depend on the pressure.The source code to reproduce all numerical experiments presented in this article is available online(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4054366).展开更多
We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods for com-pressible computational fuid dynamics(CFD),including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the...We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods for com-pressible computational fuid dynamics(CFD),including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the Euler equations.We demonstrate that error-based approaches are convenient in a wide range of applications and compare them to more classical step size control based on a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)number.Our numerical examples show that the error-based step size control is easy to use,robust,and efcient,e.g.,for(initial)transient periods,complex geometries,nonlinear shock captur-ing approaches,and schemes that use nonlinear entropy projections.We demonstrate these properties for problems ranging from well-understood academic test cases to industrially relevant large-scale computations with two disjoint code bases,the open source Julia pack-ages Trixi.jl with OrdinaryDiffEq.jl and the C/Fortran code SSDC based on PETSc.展开更多
BACKGROUND The large majority of gastrointestinal bleedings subside on their own or after endoscopic treatment.However,a small number of these may pose a challenge in terms of therapy because the patients develop hemo...BACKGROUND The large majority of gastrointestinal bleedings subside on their own or after endoscopic treatment.However,a small number of these may pose a challenge in terms of therapy because the patients develop hemodynamic instability,and endoscopy does not achieve adequate hemostasis.Interventional radiology supplemented with catheter angiography(CA)and transarterial embolization have gained importance in recent times.AIM To evaluate clinical predictors for angiography in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB).METHODS We compared two groups of patients in a retrospective analysis.One group had been treated for more than 10 years with CA for LGIB(n=41).The control group had undergone non-endoscopic or endoscopic treatment for two years and been registered in a bleeding registry(n=92).The differences between the two groups were analyzed using decision trees with the goal of defining clear rules for optimal treatment.RESULTS Patients in the CA group had a higher shock index,a higher Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score(GBS),lower serum hemoglobin levels,and more rarely achieved hemostasis in primary endoscopy.These patients needed more transfusions,had longer hospital stays,and had to undergo subsequent surgery more frequently(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Endoscopic hemostasis proved to be the crucial difference between the two patient groups.Primary endoscopic hemostasis,along with GBS and the number of transfusions,would permit a stratification of risks.After prospective confirmation of the present findings,the use of decision trees would permit the identification of patients at risk for subsequent diagnosis and treatment based on interventional radiology.展开更多
文摘We extend the monolithic convex limiting(MCL)methodology to nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral-element methods(DGSEMS).The use of Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto(LGL)quadrature endows collocated DGSEM space discretizations of nonlinear hyperbolic problems with properties that greatly simplify the design of invariant domain-preserving high-resolution schemes.Compared to many other continuous and discontinuous Galerkin method variants,a particular advantage of the LGL spectral operator is the availability of a natural decomposition into a compatible subcellflux discretization.Representing a highorder spatial semi-discretization in terms of intermediate states,we performflux limiting in a manner that keeps these states and the results of Runge-Kutta stages in convex invariant domains.In addition,local bounds may be imposed on scalar quantities of interest.In contrast to limiting approaches based on predictor-corrector algorithms,our MCL procedure for LGL-DGSEM yields nonlinearflux approximations that are independent of the time-step size and can be further modified to enforce entropy stability.To demonstrate the robustness of MCL/DGSEM schemes for the compressible Euler equations,we run simulations for challenging setups featuring strong shocks,steep density gradients,and vortex dominatedflows.
文摘In this paper,a new strategy for a sub-element-based shock capturing for discontinuous Galerkin(DG)approximations is presented.The idea is to interpret a DG element as a col-lection of data and construct a hierarchy of low-to-high-order discretizations on this set of data,including a first-order finite volume scheme up to the full-order DG scheme.The dif-ferent DG discretizations are then blended according to sub-element troubled cell indicators,resulting in a final discretization that adaptively blends from low to high order within a single DG element.The goal is to retain as much high-order accuracy as possible,even in simula-tions with very strong shocks,as,e.g.,presented in the Sedov test.The framework retains the locality of the standard DG scheme and is hence well suited for a combination with adaptive mesh refinement and parallel computing.The numerical tests demonstrate the sub-element adaptive behavior of the new shock capturing approach and its high accuracy.
基金Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2044-390685587Mathematics Münster:Dynamics-Geometry-Structure.Gregor Gassner is supported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Eights Framework Program Horizon 2020 with the research project Extreme,ERC Grant Agreement No.714487.
文摘Recently,it was discovered that the entropy-conserving/dissipative high-order split-form discontinuous Galerkin discretizations have robustness issues when trying to solve the sim-ple density wave propagation example for the compressible Euler equations.The issue is related to missing local linear stability,i.e.,the stability of the discretization towards per-turbations added to a stable base flow.This is strongly related to an anti-diffusion mech-anism,that is inherent in entropy-conserving two-point fluxes,which are a key ingredi-ent for the high-order discontinuous Galerkin extension.In this paper,we investigate if pressure equilibrium preservation is a remedy to these recently found local linear stability issues of entropy-conservative/dissipative high-order split-form discontinuous Galerkin methods for the compressible Euler equations.Pressure equilibrium preservation describes the property of a discretization to keep pressure and velocity constant for pure density wave propagation.We present the full theoretical derivation,analysis,and show corresponding numerical results to underline our findings.In addition,we characterize numerical fluxes for the Euler equations that are entropy-conservative,kinetic-energy-preserving,pressure-equilibrium-preserving,and have a density flux that does not depend on the pressure.The source code to reproduce all numerical experiments presented in this article is available online(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4054366).
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Andrew Winters was funded through Vetenskapsrådet,Sweden Grant Agreement 2020-03642 VR.Some computations were enabled by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing(SNIC)at Tetralith,par-tially funded by the Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement No.2018-05973Hugo Guillermo Castro was funded through the award P2021-0004 of King Abdullah University of Science and Technol-ogy.Some of the simulations were enabled by the Supercomputing Laboratory and the Extreme Comput-ing Research Center at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.Gregor Gassner acknowl-edges funding through the Klaus-Tschira Stiftung via the project“HiFiLab”.Gregor Gassner and Michael Schlottke-Lakemper acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the research unit“SNuBIC”(DFG-FOR5409).
文摘We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods for com-pressible computational fuid dynamics(CFD),including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the Euler equations.We demonstrate that error-based approaches are convenient in a wide range of applications and compare them to more classical step size control based on a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)number.Our numerical examples show that the error-based step size control is easy to use,robust,and efcient,e.g.,for(initial)transient periods,complex geometries,nonlinear shock captur-ing approaches,and schemes that use nonlinear entropy projections.We demonstrate these properties for problems ranging from well-understood academic test cases to industrially relevant large-scale computations with two disjoint code bases,the open source Julia pack-ages Trixi.jl with OrdinaryDiffEq.jl and the C/Fortran code SSDC based on PETSc.
文摘BACKGROUND The large majority of gastrointestinal bleedings subside on their own or after endoscopic treatment.However,a small number of these may pose a challenge in terms of therapy because the patients develop hemodynamic instability,and endoscopy does not achieve adequate hemostasis.Interventional radiology supplemented with catheter angiography(CA)and transarterial embolization have gained importance in recent times.AIM To evaluate clinical predictors for angiography in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB).METHODS We compared two groups of patients in a retrospective analysis.One group had been treated for more than 10 years with CA for LGIB(n=41).The control group had undergone non-endoscopic or endoscopic treatment for two years and been registered in a bleeding registry(n=92).The differences between the two groups were analyzed using decision trees with the goal of defining clear rules for optimal treatment.RESULTS Patients in the CA group had a higher shock index,a higher Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score(GBS),lower serum hemoglobin levels,and more rarely achieved hemostasis in primary endoscopy.These patients needed more transfusions,had longer hospital stays,and had to undergo subsequent surgery more frequently(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Endoscopic hemostasis proved to be the crucial difference between the two patient groups.Primary endoscopic hemostasis,along with GBS and the number of transfusions,would permit a stratification of risks.After prospective confirmation of the present findings,the use of decision trees would permit the identification of patients at risk for subsequent diagnosis and treatment based on interventional radiology.
