Achieving carbon neutrality is crucial in dealing with climate change and containing the increase in global temperature at below 1.5℃compared with preindustrial levels.During the general debate at the 75th session of...Achieving carbon neutrality is crucial in dealing with climate change and containing the increase in global temperature at below 1.5℃compared with preindustrial levels.During the general debate at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020,President Xi Jinping announced that China would adopt more vigorous policies and measures against climate change.展开更多
The efficiency of organic semiconductor photocatalysts is typically limited by their capability of photogenerated electron transport.Herein,a photocatalyst is proposed initially through the specific axial coordination...The efficiency of organic semiconductor photocatalysts is typically limited by their capability of photogenerated electron transport.Herein,a photocatalyst is proposed initially through the specific axial coordination interaction between imidazole-C_(60)(ImC_(60))and zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin(ZnTPP)named ImC_(60)-ZnTPP.Subsequently,detailed structural characterizations along with theoretical calculation reveal that the unique ImC_(60)-ZnTPP possesses head-to-tail stacking supra-structures,leading to the formation of a continuous array of C_(60)–C_(60) with ultrashort spacing and ensuring strongπ–πinteractions and homogeneous electronic coupling,which could tremendously promote electron transport along the(−111)crystal facet of ImC_(60)-ZnTPP.Consequently,compared to other fullerene-based photocatalysts,ImC_(60)-ZnTPP shows exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production activity,with an efficiency of up to 80.95 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1).This study provides a novel strategy to design highly efficient fullerene-based photocatalytic systems for solar-driven energy conversion and extend their artificial photosynthetic use.展开更多
Atomically ordered precious intermetallic nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for diverse applications due to their well-defined surface atomic arrangements and exceptional electronic and geometric prope...Atomically ordered precious intermetallic nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for diverse applications due to their well-defined surface atomic arrangements and exceptional electronic and geometric properties.However,synthesizing non-precious ordered intermetallics that exhibit high stability under operating conditions remains a formidable challenge,primarily owing to their strong oxyphilicity,highly negative reduction potentials,and low corrosion resistance.In this work,we report a facile yet versatile seed-mediated solid-phase approach for fabricating uniform Ni_(3)Ga_(1) intermetallic nanocubes(NCs)fully encapsulated within N-doped carbon layers(denoted as Ni_(3)Ga_(1)@NC-800).Extensive characterization confirms the formation of a unique core-shell architecture,with atomic-resolution structural analysis and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements unequivocally verifying the atomically ordered Ni_(3)Ga_(1) intermetallic phase.The Ni_(3)Ga_(1)@NC-800 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in the 1,4-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds,exhibiting both remarkable activity and exclusive selectivity while maintaining high stability over multiple reaction cycles without observable performance decay.Combined experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interatomic p-d orbital hybridization facilitates electron transfer from Ga to Ni atoms,resulting in electron localization on ordered Ni atoms.This electronic configuration positively influences H_(2)activation and optimizes substrate adsorption strength,thereby substantially improving catalytic efficiency.Furthermore,this synthetic strategy proves generalizable,successfully extending to the synthesis of other non-precious ordered Ni_(1)Sn_(1) and Ni_(2)In_(3) intermetallics confined within N-doped carbon matrices.展开更多
Detailed research on China's CO_(2) emission pathway of the 2030 peak and 2060 carbon neutrality goals is fundamental to promote China's climate change action.Previous studies on emission pathways have been ba...Detailed research on China's CO_(2) emission pathway of the 2030 peak and 2060 carbon neutrality goals is fundamental to promote China's climate change action.Previous studies on emission pathways have been based on long-term emission data or model analyses.However,few studies have achieved synergy and pathway optimization at both the micro and macro levels or focused on China's 2060 carbon neutrality goal,making it difficult to support the systematic management of national and regional emission pathways.In this study,we developed an integrated CO_(2) emission pathway model,the Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Carbon Pathways 1.2 model,under China's climate change goals.Our pathway coupled the top-down and bottom-up approaches and conducted optimization analysis under social fairness and optimal cost conditions.The results provide a clear CO_(2) emission pathway and offer insights for implementing fine management of CO_(2) emissions at the national,regional,sectoral,and spatial gridded levels.展开更多
The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms,targets,strategies,and governance systems.This report,based on a monitoring indicator system for coordi...The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms,targets,strategies,and governance systems.This report,based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change,employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences.It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas:air pollution and climate change,governance systems and practices,structural transformation and technologies,atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways,and health impacts and cobenefits.This report tries to provide actionable insights into the interconnectedness of air pollution and climate governance.It highlights key policy gaps,presents updated indicators,and offers a refined monitoring framework to track progress toward China's dual goals of reducing emissions and improving air quality.Compared to previous editions,this year's report has updated four key indicators:meteorological impacts on air quality,climate change and its effects,governance policies,and low-carbon building energy systems.The aim is to further refine the monitoring framework,track progress,and establish a comprehensive theory for collaborative governance while identifying challenges and proposing solutions for China's pathway to carbon neutrality and clean air.The report comprises six chapters.The executive summary chapter is followed by analyzing air pollution and climate change interactions.Governance systems and practices are discussed in the third chapter,focusing on policy implementation and local experiences.The fourth chapter addresses structural transformations and emission reduction technologies,including energy and industrial shifts,transportation,low-carbon buildings,carbon capture and storage,and power systems.The fifth chapter outlines atmospheric component dynamics and emission pathways,presenting insights into emission drivers and future strategies.The sixth chapter assesses health impacts and the benefits of coordinated actions.Since 2019,China Clean Air Policy Partnership has produced annual reports on China's progress in climate and air pollution governance,receiving positive feedback.In 2023,the report was co-developed with Tsinghua University's Carbon Neutrality Research Institute,involving over 100 experts and multiple academic forums.The collaboration aims to continuously improve the indicator system and establish the report as a key resource supporting China's efforts in pollution reduction,carbon mitigation,greening,and sustainable growth.展开更多
To improve the electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) to multi-carbon (C_(2+)) products is of great importance.Here we developed a nitrogen-doped Cu catalyst,by which the maximum C_(2+) Faradaic ef...To improve the electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) to multi-carbon (C_(2+)) products is of great importance.Here we developed a nitrogen-doped Cu catalyst,by which the maximum C_(2+) Faradaic efficiency can reach 72.7%in flow-cell system,with the partial current density reaching 0.62 A cm^(-2).The in situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the *CO adsorption can be strengthened on such a N-doped Cu catalyst,thus promoting the *CO utilization in the subsequent C–C coupling step.Simultaneously,the water activation can be well enhanced by N doping on Cu catalyst.Owing to the synergistic effects,the selectivity and activity for C_(2+) products over the N-deoped Cu catalyst are much improved.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction(NO_(3)^(-)RR)offers a promising technique for the removal and utilization of nitrate in water.However,the performance of current catalysts is still limited mainly due to the unfavora...Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction(NO_(3)^(-)RR)offers a promising technique for the removal and utilization of nitrate in water.However,the performance of current catalysts is still limited mainly due to the unfavorable interface that largely determines the reaction efficiency and selectivity.Here we present an in situ dynamic reconstruction strategy to enhance the NO_(3)^(-)RR by constructing Cu/Ce(OH)_(x)catalyst with abundant interfacial active sites.The Cu/Ce(OH)_(x)catalyst was in situ formed through dynamic reconstruction of Cu_(2)Cl(OH)_(3)/Ce(OH)_(x)heterostructure during electrochemical NO_(3)^(‒)RR process.The catalyst exhibits high performance with NO_(3)^(-)conversion of 100.0%,NH_(3)selectivity of 97.8%,NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency of 99.2%and long stability,which is among the state-of-the-art catalysts in neutral media.Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the Cu and Ce sites at the interface can operate cooperatively to promote the adsorption and activation of NO_(3)^(-),and lower the formation energy of key intermediate*HNO.Meanwhile,the hydrogen evolution reaction is also greatly suppressed due to the high H*binding strength at the interface.The strategy can be extended to other catalytic systems and opens a new avenue for the design of efficient electrocatalysts.展开更多
Electroreduction of CO_(2) into CH_(4) under acidic conditions is a promising strategy for CO_(2) utilization,which allows for high CO_(2) conversion efficiency.However,the selectivity of CH_(4) is low because the hyd...Electroreduction of CO_(2) into CH_(4) under acidic conditions is a promising strategy for CO_(2) utilization,which allows for high CO_(2) conversion efficiency.However,the selectivity of CH_(4) is low because the hydrogen evolution reaction is enhanced under acidic conditions.Here,we report that the CO_(2) can be efficiently reduced into CH_(4) over a Cu catalyst by modifying with a glutamic acid molecule under acidic conditions.The CH_(4) Faradaic efficiency can reach 62.9% with a current density of 450 mA cm^(-2).Meanwhile,a single-pass carbon efficiency of 48.1% toward CH_(4) is achieved.Experiments revealed that the glutamic acid molecule can enhance the concentration of Kt on the surface of Cu,which can suppress the HER and promote CO_(2) reduction,resulting in high selectivity of CH_(4) under acidic conditions.展开更多
CaO-based heat carriers have shown great prospects for thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power systems due to the features such as rich reserves,environmental safety,high energy storage densities and...CaO-based heat carriers have shown great prospects for thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power systems due to the features such as rich reserves,environmental safety,high energy storage densities and high operation temperatures.However,the density decay because of sintering and poor direct solar absorption of white CaO based heat carriers are the two main obstacles lying on the way to the realistic applications.This work introduced dark Mn-based inert support into calcium heat carriers,attempting to solve the above problems simultaneously.As an inert support,the finely dispersed Ca_(2)MnO_(4) functioned as the metal framework to resist CaCO_(3)/CaO sintering.Consequently,the cyclic stability of CaO-based heat carriers,resulting in the high energy storage densities of~2000 kJ/kg even over 20 cycles.As a dark material,Ca_(2)MnO_(4) successfully darkened CaO-based heat carriers,thereby greatly enhanced the direct solar absorption.In addition,the granulation of CaO-based heat carriers was also studied.The pellets showed satisfactory attrition resistance with only 9.85 wt% mass loss over 3200 cycles.In general,good physicochemical performance of Mn-doped CaO-based heat carrier endows it with great prospects for solar energy storage.展开更多
It is well recognized that carbon dioxide and air pollutants share similar emission sources so that synergetic policies on climate change mitigation and air pollution control can lead to remarkable co-benefits on gree...It is well recognized that carbon dioxide and air pollutants share similar emission sources so that synergetic policies on climate change mitigation and air pollution control can lead to remarkable co-benefits on greenhouse gas reduction,air quality improvement,and improved health.In the context of carbon peak,carbon neutrality,and clean air policies,this perspective tracks and analyzes the process of the synergetic governance of air pollution and climate change in China by developing and monitoring 18 indicators.The 18 indicators cover the following five aspects:air pollution and associated weather-climate conditions,progress in structural transition,sources,inks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,health impacts and benefits of coordinated control,and synergetic governance system and practices.By tracking the progress in each indicator,this perspective presents the major accomplishment of coordinated control,identifies the emerging challenges toward the synergetic governance,and provides policy recommendations for designing a synergetic roadmap of Carbon Neutrality and Clean Air for China.展开更多
The urgent need for sustainable chemical processes has driven the exploration of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and dinitrogen(N_(2))as abundant,renewable feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and fuels.This review fo...The urgent need for sustainable chemical processes has driven the exploration of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and dinitrogen(N_(2))as abundant,renewable feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and fuels.This review focuses on the transformation of CO_(2)and N_(2),highlighting their significance in green chemistry.We begin by discussing the fundamental principles of green chemistry and the advantages of utilizing CO_(2)and N_(2)to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce reliance on fossil resources.Subsequently,the review examines advanced transformation pathways for CO_(2)conversion,including electrocatalytic reduction,photocatalytic processes,and thermochemical transformations,evaluating their efficiency and scalability.The reduction of N_(2)and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))to ammonia(NH_(3))is explored,presenting innovative alternatives to the traditional Haber-Bosch process that offer improved energy efficiency and lower environmental impact.Furthermore,the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds beyond NH_(3)is discussed,highlighting the versatility of green NH_(3)in the production of diverse chemicals.A key focus is placed on integrating CO_(2)and N_(2)transformations through C-N coupling reactions,enabling the direct formation of organic molecules with reduced environmental footprints.The review concludes by identifying current challenges and future directions,emphasizing the potential of catalytic technologies to foster a sustainable and resilient chemical industry.展开更多
China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoti...China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.展开更多
Under national carbon neutrality targets,energy-producing regions hold significant responsibilities for reducing emissions.Given the diverse economic,industrial,and resource profiles of these regions,tailored strategi...Under national carbon neutrality targets,energy-producing regions hold significant responsibilities for reducing emissions.Given the diverse economic,industrial,and resource profiles of these regions,tailored strategies are essential for designing regional emission pathways.Currently,a systematic analysis that simultaneously integrates broader national climate objectives and regional heterogeneity is lacking,hindering the formulation of localized roadmaps.To address this gap,we propose an integrated analytical framework combing top-down and bottom-up approaches.It considers macro-level constraints(socio-economic development)and micro-level feasibility(renewable energy potential and forest carbon sinks),incorporating diverse regional characteristics such as resource endowment,energy consumption patterns,and industrial structures.We apply this approach to an energy-producing region in central China.Our analysis highlights the need for a clean energy transition that maintains energy security and meets growing electricity demands.By 2060,wind and solar power are projected to account for 87%of electricity generation,representing a substantial shift from the current fossil-fuel-dependent structure.Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by optimizing the energy structure,enforcing production controls,and deploying advanced technologies across industry,transportation,and buildings.Additionally,enhancing carbon removal strategies will further support emission reduction targets.This framework demonstrates the feasibility of achieving climate objectives in fossilfuel-dependent regions,providing strategic guidance for integrating regional traits into national decarbonization plans.展开更多
Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropo...Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO_(2)RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO_(2)RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO_(2)RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO_(2)RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.展开更多
To achieve the Paris Agreement,China pledged to become“Carbon Neutral”by the 2060s.In addition to massive decarbonization,this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO_(2)emissions.The abil...To achieve the Paris Agreement,China pledged to become“Carbon Neutral”by the 2060s.In addition to massive decarbonization,this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO_(2)emissions.The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems(BCEs),including mangrove,salt marsh,and seagrass meadows,to sequester large amounts of CO_(2)makes their conservation and restoration an important“nature-based solution(NbS)”for climate adaptation and mitigation.In this review,we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation.On the national scale,the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha,including over 75%as unvegetated tidal flats.The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year^(−1),of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats.The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year^(−1)along the Chinese coastline.Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of$32,000 ha^(−1)year^(−1).The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration,including their constraints and feasibility,are also outlined.Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent,carbon stocks,sequestration,and mitigation potential.Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.展开更多
Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar ce...Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar cells are generally demonstrated with more Ag amounts and strenuous fabrication processes,which are not ideal when using cheap constituent materials CZTSSe.To reduce the Ag amount(2%-3%),local Ag substitutions into CZTSSe at front(F),back(B)and dual front/back(FB)were proposed.Experimental results revealed that F-passivation effectively reduced the Cu/Zn related defects and further limits the interface/bulk recombination whereas B-passivation improved the grain growth at the back interface and further allows enhanced transport of charge carriers.By employing the dual Agpassivation approach,the final ACZTSSe device parameters were significantly improved and remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.43%was achieved with eco-friendly aqueous solution process.展开更多
Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts,yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality pathways.Furthermore,out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,aside from those relate...Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts,yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality pathways.Furthermore,out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,aside from those related to electricity and heat imports,are often overlooked in existing pathways,despite their significance in comprehensive carbon mitigation strategies.Addressing this gap,here we introduce an integrated analysis framework focusing on both production and consumption-related GHG emissions.Applied to Wuyishan,a service-oriented city in Southern China,this framework provides a holistic view of a city's carbon neutrality pathway,from a full-scope GHG emission perspective.The findings reveal the equal importance of carbon reduction within and outside the city's boundaries,with out-of-boundary emissions accounting for 42%of Wuyishan's present total GHG emissions.This insight highlights the necessity of including these external factors in GHG accounting and mitigation strategy development.This framework serves as a practical tool for cities,particularly in developing countries,to craft effective carbon neutrality roadmaps that encompass the full spectrum of GHG emissions.展开更多
1.Introduction Since the Industrial Revolution,oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) released by human activities and have maintained their capacity for CO_(2) uptake.The biologica...1.Introduction Since the Industrial Revolution,oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) released by human activities and have maintained their capacity for CO_(2) uptake.The biological carbon pump(BCP)(Volk and Hoffert,1985)drives particulate organic carbon(POC),which is generated in the surface ocean by phytoplankton photosynthesis,into the interior of the ocean through the gravitational settling of POC and vertical migration of zooplankton.展开更多
This study presents a robust vision-based monitoring approach for detecting flame combustion states in solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)afterburners.Industrial SOFC systems face significant challenges in flame state detecti...This study presents a robust vision-based monitoring approach for detecting flame combustion states in solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)afterburners.Industrial SOFC systems face significant challenges in flame state detection due to the inherent instability of combustion processes and fluctuating gas flow rates.To address these issues and enhance monitoring reliability,we introduce FlameNet-MSF,an innovative deep learning framework that integrates multi-scale feature fusion.The architecture adopts a dual-branch design:a coarse-grained branch to extract global flame characteristics and a fine-grained branch to capture local pattern details.These complementary features are adaptively fused through a dedicated fusion module,enabling accurate flame state monitoring under complex operating conditions.Extensive experiments conducted on industrial SOFC datasets demonstrate the superior performance of FlameNet-MSF,achieving an overall classification accuracy of 99.21%,with recognition accuracies exceeding 96.9%across all three flame states.Furthermore,the framework supports real-time processing with a latency of just 29.3 ms per frame.Cross-dataset validation and ablation studies further validate the robustness and generalization capabilities of the proposed method.By providing a reliable and practical solution for automated flame monitoring,the FlameNet-MSF framework contributes to improved combustion efficiency and operational safety in industrial SOFC applications.展开更多
Against the background of realizing the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”,using basaltic rocks for carbon mineralization is one of the most promising approaches to reduce the rise in atmospheric CO_(2)co...Against the background of realizing the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”,using basaltic rocks for carbon mineralization is one of the most promising approaches to reduce the rise in atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations.This study conducted a series of experiments to assess carbon mineralization in nine basalt samples from the main terrestrial basalt reservoirs in China within CO_(2)-H2O/brine-rock systems at low temperatures(≤35℃).The results indicate that the secondary carbonates formed in the CO_(2)-H2O/brine-basalt system are predominantly calcite rather than Mg-carbonate minerals at low temperatures(≤35℃).Hence,at low temperatures(≤35℃),basalt rich in Ca-bearing minerals promotes the formation of stable carbonate minerals more effectively than basalt containing Mg-bearing minerals.Furthermore,under conditions of low temperatures(≤35℃)and pressures of approximately 3 MPa,the results suggest that alkaline olivine basalt,with a higher content of Ca-minerals and typical alkaline minerals(nepheline and Na-sanidine),exhibits the highest pH value and the highest amount of calcite.Hence,the alkaline minerals,nepheline and Na-sanidine,serve as pH buffers to increase the pH and promote the precipitation of calcite within CO_(2)-H2O-basalt systems at low temperatures(≤35℃).Among the nine evaluated basalts,basalt from the Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin exhibits the highest rate of carbon mineralization at low temperatures(≤35℃).Hence,Cenozoic alkaline olivine basalt from Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin is one of the most promising basalt reservoirs in China for future in-situ carbonation.As for ex-situ carbonation,compared with olivine,diopside or Ca-plagioclase may be more appropriate for increasing ocean negative emissions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72140004).
文摘Achieving carbon neutrality is crucial in dealing with climate change and containing the increase in global temperature at below 1.5℃compared with preindustrial levels.During the general debate at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020,President Xi Jinping announced that China would adopt more vigorous policies and measures against climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322204,52072374,52272052)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1205900)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2022015).
文摘The efficiency of organic semiconductor photocatalysts is typically limited by their capability of photogenerated electron transport.Herein,a photocatalyst is proposed initially through the specific axial coordination interaction between imidazole-C_(60)(ImC_(60))and zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin(ZnTPP)named ImC_(60)-ZnTPP.Subsequently,detailed structural characterizations along with theoretical calculation reveal that the unique ImC_(60)-ZnTPP possesses head-to-tail stacking supra-structures,leading to the formation of a continuous array of C_(60)–C_(60) with ultrashort spacing and ensuring strongπ–πinteractions and homogeneous electronic coupling,which could tremendously promote electron transport along the(−111)crystal facet of ImC_(60)-ZnTPP.Consequently,compared to other fullerene-based photocatalysts,ImC_(60)-ZnTPP shows exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production activity,with an efficiency of up to 80.95 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1).This study provides a novel strategy to design highly efficient fullerene-based photocatalytic systems for solar-driven energy conversion and extend their artificial photosynthetic use.
基金financially supported by the program of the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023ZD23)the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(No.2023CXGC010607).
文摘Atomically ordered precious intermetallic nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for diverse applications due to their well-defined surface atomic arrangements and exceptional electronic and geometric properties.However,synthesizing non-precious ordered intermetallics that exhibit high stability under operating conditions remains a formidable challenge,primarily owing to their strong oxyphilicity,highly negative reduction potentials,and low corrosion resistance.In this work,we report a facile yet versatile seed-mediated solid-phase approach for fabricating uniform Ni_(3)Ga_(1) intermetallic nanocubes(NCs)fully encapsulated within N-doped carbon layers(denoted as Ni_(3)Ga_(1)@NC-800).Extensive characterization confirms the formation of a unique core-shell architecture,with atomic-resolution structural analysis and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements unequivocally verifying the atomically ordered Ni_(3)Ga_(1) intermetallic phase.The Ni_(3)Ga_(1)@NC-800 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in the 1,4-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds,exhibiting both remarkable activity and exclusive selectivity while maintaining high stability over multiple reaction cycles without observable performance decay.Combined experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interatomic p-d orbital hybridization facilitates electron transfer from Ga to Ni atoms,resulting in electron localization on ordered Ni atoms.This electronic configuration positively influences H_(2)activation and optimizes substrate adsorption strength,thereby substantially improving catalytic efficiency.Furthermore,this synthetic strategy proves generalizable,successfully extending to the synthesis of other non-precious ordered Ni_(1)Sn_(1) and Ni_(2)In_(3) intermetallics confined within N-doped carbon matrices.
基金The research was funded by the project“An Emission Scenario Air Quality Model Based Study on the Evaluation of‘Dual Attainments’of Chinese City”[Grant number.72074154],supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Detailed research on China's CO_(2) emission pathway of the 2030 peak and 2060 carbon neutrality goals is fundamental to promote China's climate change action.Previous studies on emission pathways have been based on long-term emission data or model analyses.However,few studies have achieved synergy and pathway optimization at both the micro and macro levels or focused on China's 2060 carbon neutrality goal,making it difficult to support the systematic management of national and regional emission pathways.In this study,we developed an integrated CO_(2) emission pathway model,the Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Carbon Pathways 1.2 model,under China's climate change goals.Our pathway coupled the top-down and bottom-up approaches and conducted optimization analysis under social fairness and optimal cost conditions.The results provide a clear CO_(2) emission pathway and offer insights for implementing fine management of CO_(2) emissions at the national,regional,sectoral,and spatial gridded levels.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3702704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293324)the Energy Foundation,China.
文摘The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms,targets,strategies,and governance systems.This report,based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change,employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences.It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas:air pollution and climate change,governance systems and practices,structural transformation and technologies,atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways,and health impacts and cobenefits.This report tries to provide actionable insights into the interconnectedness of air pollution and climate governance.It highlights key policy gaps,presents updated indicators,and offers a refined monitoring framework to track progress toward China's dual goals of reducing emissions and improving air quality.Compared to previous editions,this year's report has updated four key indicators:meteorological impacts on air quality,climate change and its effects,governance policies,and low-carbon building energy systems.The aim is to further refine the monitoring framework,track progress,and establish a comprehensive theory for collaborative governance while identifying challenges and proposing solutions for China's pathway to carbon neutrality and clean air.The report comprises six chapters.The executive summary chapter is followed by analyzing air pollution and climate change interactions.Governance systems and practices are discussed in the third chapter,focusing on policy implementation and local experiences.The fourth chapter addresses structural transformations and emission reduction technologies,including energy and industrial shifts,transportation,low-carbon buildings,carbon capture and storage,and power systems.The fifth chapter outlines atmospheric component dynamics and emission pathways,presenting insights into emission drivers and future strategies.The sixth chapter assesses health impacts and the benefits of coordinated actions.Since 2019,China Clean Air Policy Partnership has produced annual reports on China's progress in climate and air pollution governance,receiving positive feedback.In 2023,the report was co-developed with Tsinghua University's Carbon Neutrality Research Institute,involving over 100 experts and multiple academic forums.The collaboration aims to continuously improve the indicator system and establish the report as a key resource supporting China's efforts in pollution reduction,carbon mitigation,greening,and sustainable growth.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (22033009, 22121002, 22238011)。
文摘To improve the electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) to multi-carbon (C_(2+)) products is of great importance.Here we developed a nitrogen-doped Cu catalyst,by which the maximum C_(2+) Faradaic efficiency can reach 72.7%in flow-cell system,with the partial current density reaching 0.62 A cm^(-2).The in situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the *CO adsorption can be strengthened on such a N-doped Cu catalyst,thus promoting the *CO utilization in the subsequent C–C coupling step.Simultaneously,the water activation can be well enhanced by N doping on Cu catalyst.Owing to the synergistic effects,the selectivity and activity for C_(2+) products over the N-deoped Cu catalyst are much improved.
文摘Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction(NO_(3)^(-)RR)offers a promising technique for the removal and utilization of nitrate in water.However,the performance of current catalysts is still limited mainly due to the unfavorable interface that largely determines the reaction efficiency and selectivity.Here we present an in situ dynamic reconstruction strategy to enhance the NO_(3)^(-)RR by constructing Cu/Ce(OH)_(x)catalyst with abundant interfacial active sites.The Cu/Ce(OH)_(x)catalyst was in situ formed through dynamic reconstruction of Cu_(2)Cl(OH)_(3)/Ce(OH)_(x)heterostructure during electrochemical NO_(3)^(‒)RR process.The catalyst exhibits high performance with NO_(3)^(-)conversion of 100.0%,NH_(3)selectivity of 97.8%,NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency of 99.2%and long stability,which is among the state-of-the-art catalysts in neutral media.Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the Cu and Ce sites at the interface can operate cooperatively to promote the adsorption and activation of NO_(3)^(-),and lower the formation energy of key intermediate*HNO.Meanwhile,the hydrogen evolution reaction is also greatly suppressed due to the high H*binding strength at the interface.The strategy can be extended to other catalytic systems and opens a new avenue for the design of efficient electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2021M701211)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,“Island Atmosphere and Ecology”Category Ⅳ Peak Discipline(No.QN202505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22293015,22121002).
文摘Electroreduction of CO_(2) into CH_(4) under acidic conditions is a promising strategy for CO_(2) utilization,which allows for high CO_(2) conversion efficiency.However,the selectivity of CH_(4) is low because the hydrogen evolution reaction is enhanced under acidic conditions.Here,we report that the CO_(2) can be efficiently reduced into CH_(4) over a Cu catalyst by modifying with a glutamic acid molecule under acidic conditions.The CH_(4) Faradaic efficiency can reach 62.9% with a current density of 450 mA cm^(-2).Meanwhile,a single-pass carbon efficiency of 48.1% toward CH_(4) is achieved.Experiments revealed that the glutamic acid molecule can enhance the concentration of Kt on the surface of Cu,which can suppress the HER and promote CO_(2) reduction,resulting in high selectivity of CH_(4) under acidic conditions.
基金Project(2024BAB094)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(2024040801020296)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan City,ChinaProject(52276113)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘CaO-based heat carriers have shown great prospects for thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power systems due to the features such as rich reserves,environmental safety,high energy storage densities and high operation temperatures.However,the density decay because of sintering and poor direct solar absorption of white CaO based heat carriers are the two main obstacles lying on the way to the realistic applications.This work introduced dark Mn-based inert support into calcium heat carriers,attempting to solve the above problems simultaneously.As an inert support,the finely dispersed Ca_(2)MnO_(4) functioned as the metal framework to resist CaCO_(3)/CaO sintering.Consequently,the cyclic stability of CaO-based heat carriers,resulting in the high energy storage densities of~2000 kJ/kg even over 20 cycles.As a dark material,Ca_(2)MnO_(4) successfully darkened CaO-based heat carriers,thereby greatly enhanced the direct solar absorption.In addition,the granulation of CaO-based heat carriers was also studied.The pellets showed satisfactory attrition resistance with only 9.85 wt% mass loss over 3200 cycles.In general,good physicochemical performance of Mn-doped CaO-based heat carrier endows it with great prospects for solar energy storage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41921005,42130708,and 72140003)and the Energy Foundation.
文摘It is well recognized that carbon dioxide and air pollutants share similar emission sources so that synergetic policies on climate change mitigation and air pollution control can lead to remarkable co-benefits on greenhouse gas reduction,air quality improvement,and improved health.In the context of carbon peak,carbon neutrality,and clean air policies,this perspective tracks and analyzes the process of the synergetic governance of air pollution and climate change in China by developing and monitoring 18 indicators.The 18 indicators cover the following five aspects:air pollution and associated weather-climate conditions,progress in structural transition,sources,inks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,health impacts and benefits of coordinated control,and synergetic governance system and practices.By tracking the progress in each indicator,this perspective presents the major accomplishment of coordinated control,identifies the emerging challenges toward the synergetic governance,and provides policy recommendations for designing a synergetic roadmap of Carbon Neutrality and Clean Air for China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0206400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22293015 and 22121002)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390402)Chinese Academy Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-05O)Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality.
文摘The urgent need for sustainable chemical processes has driven the exploration of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and dinitrogen(N_(2))as abundant,renewable feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and fuels.This review focuses on the transformation of CO_(2)and N_(2),highlighting their significance in green chemistry.We begin by discussing the fundamental principles of green chemistry and the advantages of utilizing CO_(2)and N_(2)to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce reliance on fossil resources.Subsequently,the review examines advanced transformation pathways for CO_(2)conversion,including electrocatalytic reduction,photocatalytic processes,and thermochemical transformations,evaluating their efficiency and scalability.The reduction of N_(2)and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))to ammonia(NH_(3))is explored,presenting innovative alternatives to the traditional Haber-Bosch process that offer improved energy efficiency and lower environmental impact.Furthermore,the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds beyond NH_(3)is discussed,highlighting the versatility of green NH_(3)in the production of diverse chemicals.A key focus is placed on integrating CO_(2)and N_(2)transformations through C-N coupling reactions,enabling the direct formation of organic molecules with reduced environmental footprints.The review concludes by identifying current challenges and future directions,emphasizing the potential of catalytic technologies to foster a sustainable and resilient chemical industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(72243008,41921005,and 72140003)the Energy Foundation,China.
文摘China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.
基金supported by the Nationas supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72140004)。
文摘Under national carbon neutrality targets,energy-producing regions hold significant responsibilities for reducing emissions.Given the diverse economic,industrial,and resource profiles of these regions,tailored strategies are essential for designing regional emission pathways.Currently,a systematic analysis that simultaneously integrates broader national climate objectives and regional heterogeneity is lacking,hindering the formulation of localized roadmaps.To address this gap,we propose an integrated analytical framework combing top-down and bottom-up approaches.It considers macro-level constraints(socio-economic development)and micro-level feasibility(renewable energy potential and forest carbon sinks),incorporating diverse regional characteristics such as resource endowment,energy consumption patterns,and industrial structures.We apply this approach to an energy-producing region in central China.Our analysis highlights the need for a clean energy transition that maintains energy security and meets growing electricity demands.By 2060,wind and solar power are projected to account for 87%of electricity generation,representing a substantial shift from the current fossil-fuel-dependent structure.Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by optimizing the energy structure,enforcing production controls,and deploying advanced technologies across industry,transportation,and buildings.Additionally,enhancing carbon removal strategies will further support emission reduction targets.This framework demonstrates the feasibility of achieving climate objectives in fossilfuel-dependent regions,providing strategic guidance for integrating regional traits into national decarbonization plans.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4102000)NSFC(22102018 and 52171201)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC0194)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03017)the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(KF2021005)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(A1098531023601264)Q.J.acknowledges the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2022M710601)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(Y030212059003039).
文摘Electrochemically reducing CO_(2)to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO_(2)RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO_(2)RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO_(2)RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO_(2)RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-037)ANSO collaborative research(ANSO-CR-KP-2022-11)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2106209,42141003,42141016,and 32171594)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515020011 and 2021B1212110004)CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2021347)National Forestry and Grassland Administration Youth Talent Support Program(2020BJ003)R&D program of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2018B030324003).
文摘To achieve the Paris Agreement,China pledged to become“Carbon Neutral”by the 2060s.In addition to massive decarbonization,this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO_(2)emissions.The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems(BCEs),including mangrove,salt marsh,and seagrass meadows,to sequester large amounts of CO_(2)makes their conservation and restoration an important“nature-based solution(NbS)”for climate adaptation and mitigation.In this review,we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation.On the national scale,the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha,including over 75%as unvegetated tidal flats.The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year^(−1),of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats.The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year^(−1)along the Chinese coastline.Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of$32,000 ha^(−1)year^(−1).The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration,including their constraints and feasibility,are also outlined.Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent,carbon stocks,sequestration,and mitigation potential.Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korean Government(NRF2021R1A2C1008598)the program of Phased Development of Carbon Neutral Technologies through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(NRF-2022M3J1A1064220)。
文摘Ag substitution in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar cells are generally demonstrated with more Ag amounts and strenuous fabrication processes,which are not ideal when using cheap constituent materials CZTSSe.To reduce the Ag amount(2%-3%),local Ag substitutions into CZTSSe at front(F),back(B)and dual front/back(FB)were proposed.Experimental results revealed that F-passivation effectively reduced the Cu/Zn related defects and further limits the interface/bulk recombination whereas B-passivation improved the grain growth at the back interface and further allows enhanced transport of charge carriers.By employing the dual Agpassivation approach,the final ACZTSSe device parameters were significantly improved and remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.43%was achieved with eco-friendly aqueous solution process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:An emission scenario-air quality modelbased study on the evaluation of“Dual Attainments”of Chinese city(Grant No.72074154)Research on the optimization of synergistic regional pathways under carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality goals(Grant No.72140004)Research on pathway optimization and implementation mechanism of synergistic control of GHGs and pollution for key regions(Grant No.72243008).
文摘Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts,yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality pathways.Furthermore,out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,aside from those related to electricity and heat imports,are often overlooked in existing pathways,despite their significance in comprehensive carbon mitigation strategies.Addressing this gap,here we introduce an integrated analysis framework focusing on both production and consumption-related GHG emissions.Applied to Wuyishan,a service-oriented city in Southern China,this framework provides a holistic view of a city's carbon neutrality pathway,from a full-scope GHG emission perspective.The findings reveal the equal importance of carbon reduction within and outside the city's boundaries,with out-of-boundary emissions accounting for 42%of Wuyishan's present total GHG emissions.This insight highlights the necessity of including these external factors in GHG accounting and mitigation strategy development.This framework serves as a practical tool for cities,particularly in developing countries,to craft effective carbon neutrality roadmaps that encompass the full spectrum of GHG emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42188102&42206120)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023B0303000017)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Project of Universities in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023KCXTD028)the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE)program。
文摘1.Introduction Since the Industrial Revolution,oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) released by human activities and have maintained their capacity for CO_(2) uptake.The biological carbon pump(BCP)(Volk and Hoffert,1985)drives particulate organic carbon(POC),which is generated in the surface ocean by phytoplankton photosynthesis,into the interior of the ocean through the gravitational settling of POC and vertical migration of zooplankton.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4003605)the Foundation for Outstanding Research Groups of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2025AFA012)+3 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.BE2023092-3)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024AFB226)Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology Fund(Grant No.MCT2024003)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.IS23050)。
文摘This study presents a robust vision-based monitoring approach for detecting flame combustion states in solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)afterburners.Industrial SOFC systems face significant challenges in flame state detection due to the inherent instability of combustion processes and fluctuating gas flow rates.To address these issues and enhance monitoring reliability,we introduce FlameNet-MSF,an innovative deep learning framework that integrates multi-scale feature fusion.The architecture adopts a dual-branch design:a coarse-grained branch to extract global flame characteristics and a fine-grained branch to capture local pattern details.These complementary features are adaptively fused through a dedicated fusion module,enabling accurate flame state monitoring under complex operating conditions.Extensive experiments conducted on industrial SOFC datasets demonstrate the superior performance of FlameNet-MSF,achieving an overall classification accuracy of 99.21%,with recognition accuracies exceeding 96.9%across all three flame states.Furthermore,the framework supports real-time processing with a latency of just 29.3 ms per frame.Cross-dataset validation and ablation studies further validate the robustness and generalization capabilities of the proposed method.By providing a reliable and practical solution for automated flame monitoring,the FlameNet-MSF framework contributes to improved combustion efficiency and operational safety in industrial SOFC applications.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program No.41872219 and Grant No.42303052)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0120500)+1 种基金funded by the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2021ZD0034)supported by Science and Technology Plan Projects in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2023-JC-YB-236).
文摘Against the background of realizing the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”,using basaltic rocks for carbon mineralization is one of the most promising approaches to reduce the rise in atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations.This study conducted a series of experiments to assess carbon mineralization in nine basalt samples from the main terrestrial basalt reservoirs in China within CO_(2)-H2O/brine-rock systems at low temperatures(≤35℃).The results indicate that the secondary carbonates formed in the CO_(2)-H2O/brine-basalt system are predominantly calcite rather than Mg-carbonate minerals at low temperatures(≤35℃).Hence,at low temperatures(≤35℃),basalt rich in Ca-bearing minerals promotes the formation of stable carbonate minerals more effectively than basalt containing Mg-bearing minerals.Furthermore,under conditions of low temperatures(≤35℃)and pressures of approximately 3 MPa,the results suggest that alkaline olivine basalt,with a higher content of Ca-minerals and typical alkaline minerals(nepheline and Na-sanidine),exhibits the highest pH value and the highest amount of calcite.Hence,the alkaline minerals,nepheline and Na-sanidine,serve as pH buffers to increase the pH and promote the precipitation of calcite within CO_(2)-H2O-basalt systems at low temperatures(≤35℃).Among the nine evaluated basalts,basalt from the Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin exhibits the highest rate of carbon mineralization at low temperatures(≤35℃).Hence,Cenozoic alkaline olivine basalt from Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin is one of the most promising basalt reservoirs in China for future in-situ carbonation.As for ex-situ carbonation,compared with olivine,diopside or Ca-plagioclase may be more appropriate for increasing ocean negative emissions.
