Zinc-ion supercapacitors(ZISCs)have received considerable interest for energy storage because of their low cost,high safety,and minimal environmental impact.However,they have a low energy density and poor cycling perf...Zinc-ion supercapacitors(ZISCs)have received considerable interest for energy storage because of their low cost,high safety,and minimal environmental impact.However,they have a low energy density and poor cycling performance.The design of a better cathode material is needed to overcome these limitations.A simple method was used to synthesize binder-free electrochemically exfoliated carbon paper(EECP)which modifies the surface of the paper by introducing oxygen functional groups and thus improves its pseudocapacitance.When used in a Zn-ion supercapacitor(ZISC),an EECPbased cathode provides a large surface area and quick charge transfer.As a result,the ZISC had remarkable charge storage properties and had a dominant capacitive-type charge storage mechanism with 78.8%retention of capacity at 10 mV/s of the total storage.Furthermore,at 1 A/g,the EECP electrode had a maximum capacitance of 252.5 F/g.The EECP electrode retained 81.7%of its capacitance after 10000 cycles,indicating its promise for use in the growing renewable energy sector.A ZISC was also constructed using EECP as the positive electrode and Zn as the negative electrode with a 1 mol L^(−1) ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.It had a capacitance of 186.22 F/g at 1 A/g and a 97.01%retention rate after 10000 cycles.It also had an excellent energy density of 46.6 Wh/kg at a power density of 500.4 W/kg.The material is therefore suitable for use in high-rate next-generation ZISCs.展开更多
Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of ...Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 depends on quantitative r...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 depends on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction till now,which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation,and the confirmation of variants relies on further sequencing techniques.Herein,we first proposed a robust technique-methodology of electrochemical CRISPR sensing with the advantages of rapid,highly sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant.To enhance the sensing capability,gold electrodes are uniformly decorated with electro-deposited gold nanoparticles.Using DNA template identical to SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike gene sequence as model,our biosensor exhibits excellent analytical detection limit(50 fM)and high linearity(R2=0.987)over six orders of magnitude dynamic range from 100 fM to 10 nM without any nucleic-acid-amplification assays.The detection can be completed within 1 h with high stability and specificity which benefits from the CRISPR-Cas system.Furthermore,based on the wireless micro-electrochemical platform,the proposed biosensor reveals promising application ability in point-of-care testing.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid）（p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc））polymer microgels. Free r...Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid）（p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc））polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol（4-NP） as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride（Na BH4） concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant（kapp）. The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.展开更多
Efficient decision-making remains an open challenge in the research community,and many researchers are working to improve accuracy through the use of various computational techniques.In this case,the fuzzification and...Efficient decision-making remains an open challenge in the research community,and many researchers are working to improve accuracy through the use of various computational techniques.In this case,the fuzzification and defuzzification processes can be very useful.Defuzzification is an effective process to get a single number from the output of a fuzzy set.Considering defuzzification as a center point of this research paper,to analyze and understand the effect of different types of vehicles according to their performance.In this paper,the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)process under uncertainty and defuzzification is discussed by using the center of the area(COA)or centroidmethod.Further,to find the best solution,Hurwicz criteria are used on the defuzzified data.Anewdecision-making technique is proposed using Hurwicz criteria for triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.The proposed technique considers all types of decision makers’perspectives such as optimistic,neutral,and pessimistic which is crucial in solving decisionmaking problems.A simple case study is used to demonstrate and discuss the Centroid Method and Hurwicz Criteria for measuring risk attitudes among decision-makers.The significance of the proposed defuzzification method is demonstrated by comparing it to previous defuzzification procedures with its application.展开更多
Background:Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that has troubled a sizeable population.There is an active area of research on obstructive sleep apnea that intends to better understand airflow behaviors and ...Background:Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that has troubled a sizeable population.There is an active area of research on obstructive sleep apnea that intends to better understand airflow behaviors and therefore treat patients more effectively.This paper aims to investigate the airflow characteristics of the upper airway in an obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)patient under light and heavy breathing conditions by using Turbulent Kinetic Energy(TKE),an accurate method in expressing the flow concentration mechanisms of sleeping disorders.It is important to visualize the concentration of flow in the upper airway in order to identify the severity level of the obstruction during sleep.Methods:Computational fluid dynamic(CFD)analysis was used as a solution tool to evaluate the airflow during light and heavy breathing conditions.A medical imaging technique was used to extract the 3D model from the CT scan images.Additionally,mesh generation and simulation were carried out via CFD software to evaluate the light and heavy breathing characteristics related to obstructive sleep apnea.Steady state Reynold’s averaged Navier-Stoke(RANS)with the k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence model was utilized.The airflow characteristics were quantified using parameters such as pressure distribution,skin friction coefficient,velocity profile,Reynolds number,turbulent Reynolds number and turbulence kinetic energy.Results:Contour plots at different planes were used to visualize the airflow distribution as it passed through different cross-sectional areas of the airway.The results revealed that the presence of a smaller cross-sectional area of the airway caused an increase in airflow parameters,especially during heavy breathing.Furthermore,turbulent airflow conditions along the airway were noticed during heavy breathing.The severity of OSA could be measured by the turbulent kinetic energy which is able to show the behavior and concentration of mean flow.This study is expected to provide crucial and important results by visualizing the concentration of airflow mechanisms and characteristics of a patient’s airway during light and heavy breathing. These findings enable TKE to be used as a new tool for characterizing theseverity of obstructive sleep apnea in the upper airways of patients.展开更多
A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simula...A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simulations using CFD code are employed to investigate the boundary layer and the hydrodynamic flow.To validate the current numerical model,measurement points from published works were used,and the compared results were in good compliance.Simulations were carried out for the velocity series of 0.04,0.4 and 4 m/s and nanoparticle concentrations0.1% and 5%.The influence of nanoparticles’ concentration on velocity,temperature profiles,wall shear stress,and turbulent intensity was investigated.The obtained results showed that the viscous sub-layer,the buffer layer,and the loglaw layer along the potential-flow layer could be analyzed based on their curving quality in the regions which have just a single wall distance.It was seen that the viscous sub-layer is the biggest area in comparison with other areas.Alternatively,the section where the temperature changes considerably correspond to the thermal boundary layer’s thickness goes a downward trend when the velocity decreases.The thermal boundary layer gets deep away from the leading edge.However,a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles indicated a minor impact on the shear stress developed in the wall.In all cases,the thickness of the boundary layer undergoes a downward trend as the velocity increases,whereas increasing the nanoparticle concentrations would enhance the thickness.More precisely,the log layer is closed with log law,and it is minimal between Y^(+)=50 and Y^(+)=95.The temperature for nanoparticle concentration φ=5%is higher than that for φ=0.1%,in boundary layers,for all studied nanofluids.However,it is established that the behavior is inverted from the value of Y^(+)=1 and the temperature for φ =0.1% is more important than the case of φ =5%.For turbulence intensity peak,this peak exists at Y^(+)=100 for v=4 m/s,Y^(+)=10 for v=0.4 m/s and Y^(+)=8 for v=0.04 m/s.展开更多
Genetic polymorphism has a vital role in the pathogenesis and development of myocardial infarction(MI).Single nucleotide polymorphism at any one of the amino acid sequences can result in a diseased state.A single gene...Genetic polymorphism has a vital role in the pathogenesis and development of myocardial infarction(MI).Single nucleotide polymorphism at any one of the amino acid sequences can result in a diseased state.A single gene can exhibit genetic polymorphism at more than one position giving rise to different variants.Genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen(AGT)M235T,AGT T174M,and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme(ACE)I/D,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)can be a risk factor for MI.However,it is important to study the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of these genes among different populations.MI is influenced by genetic polymorphism of various genes,including AGT,ACE,eNOS,MTHFR,etc.However,the association of genetic polymorphism of these genes varies among different populations,but different ethnic groups could show contradictory results.These genes have shown a positive association with risks of MI in some populations,whereas the results have not been consistent with every ethnic group.In this article,we have summarized the genetic variations in the aforementioned genes and their association with MI.展开更多
A translucent wooden substrate with long-lasting phosphorescence,high photostability and durability,tough surface,ultraviolet protection,high optical transmittance,and superhydrophobicity was developed.This long-lasti...A translucent wooden substrate with long-lasting phosphorescence,high photostability and durability,tough surface,ultraviolet protection,high optical transmittance,and superhydrophobicity was developed.This long-lasting phosphorescent wooden substrate is able to continue emitting light for extended time periods.Lignin-modified wood(LMW)was immobilized with a solution of epoxy resin(ER)and rare-earth doped aluminate(REDA)phosphor nanoparticles(NPs).For an improved dispersion of pigment,REDA was synthesized in a nanoscale particle size,and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to indicate a particle size of 8-14 nm.The crystal structure of REDA nanoparticles was also proved by X-ray diffraction(XRD).For an improved production of long-persistent phosphorescent colo rless woods,REDA must be well-dispersed in MAA without aggregation.Absorption and emissio n,as well as decay and lifetime spectra were explored.The morphologies of the wooden substrates with different ratios of REDA were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),elemental mapping,and energy-dispersion Xray(EDXA).The phosphorescent woods show changes in color from colorless to green under ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,and to yellowish-green in the dark,as proved by the colorimetric parameters of the CIE Lab system.The afterglow wood samples display an absorbance band at 365 nm and two phosphorescent bands at 431 and 520 nm.Improved UV shielding,photostability,and hydrophobicity were explored.With increasing REDA ratio,both static contact and slide angles are found to improve in the ranges of147.6°-163.6°and 9°-14°,respectively.The long-lasting photoluminescence is optimized at a REDA ratio of 8%.The present strategy shows a large-scale production approach of multiple functional woods for many potential applications,such as smart glow in the dark windows and safety signs.展开更多
The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor ...The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.展开更多
The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied.The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum,cerium,and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were qua...The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied.The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum,cerium,and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were quantified under strongly acidic conditions(pH 2)at 298-328 K.The adsorption equilibria of these earth elements were analyzed using two statistical physics models(homogeneous and heterogeneous monolayer models).The results show that the adsorption of these ions implies a multiionic mechanism,which is exothermic.Si-containing functional groups are responsible for the adsorption of these rare-earth elements on the diatomite surface.A heterogeneous statistical physics model confirms that two Si-based functional groups participate in the separation of these cations.The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation follow the order:neodymium>cerium>lanthanum.Calculated interaction energies range from 28600 to 40100 J/mol,indicating physical adsorption on diatomite M45.This study demonstrates that diatomite M45 is a promising separation medium that can be used for the recovery of REEs dissolved in aqueous solutions via adsorption.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was perfo...Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation.展开更多
Many plant species have a startling degree of morphological similarity,making it difficult to split and categorize them reliably.Unknown plant species can be challenging to classify and segment using deep learning.Whi...Many plant species have a startling degree of morphological similarity,making it difficult to split and categorize them reliably.Unknown plant species can be challenging to classify and segment using deep learning.While using deep learning architectures has helped improve classification accuracy,the resulting models often need to be more flexible and require a large dataset to train.For the sake of taxonomy,this research proposes a hybrid method for categorizing guava,potato,and java plumleaves.Two new approaches are used to formthe hybridmodel suggested here.The guava,potato,and java plum plant species have been successfully segmented using the first model built on the MobileNetV2-UNET architecture.As a second model,we use a Plant Species Detection Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning Model(PSD-SE-DLM)to identify potatoes,java plums,and guava.The proposed models were trained using data collected in Punjab,Pakistan,consisting of images of healthy and sick leaves from guava,java plum,and potatoes.These datasets are known as PLSD and PLSSD.Accuracy levels of 99.84%and 96.38%were achieved for the suggested PSD-SE-DLM and MobileNetV2-UNET models,respectively.展开更多
Every new generation of antennas is characterized by increased accuracy and faster transmission speeds.However,patch antennas have been known to damage human health.This type of antenna sends out electromagnetic waves...Every new generation of antennas is characterized by increased accuracy and faster transmission speeds.However,patch antennas have been known to damage human health.This type of antenna sends out electromagnetic waves that increase the temperature of the human head and prevent nerve strands from functioning properly.This paper examines the effect of the communication between the patch antenna and the brain on the head’s temperature by developing a hypothetical multi-input model that achieves more accurate results.These inputs are an individual’s blood and tissue,and the emission power of the antenna.These forces depend on the permeability and conductivity characteristics of the metal from which the antenna is fabricated.The proposed model is the first one that links the material the antenna is manufactured from and the head’s temperature.The results show that there are only a small number of materials that should be used as antenna covers.These materials are in the form of thin films.By using these thin films at different temperatures,the risk to the head can be reduced.This paper finds that the best results were obtained when the patch antenna was made of one of the following materials operating at a specific temperature:traditional materials at 305°K;casting cast steel at around 295°K;bismuth telluride(Bi2Te3)at 290°K;or barium sodium niobate at 310°K.展开更多
In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC)single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The consti...In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC)single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS)technique.The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC crystal.The UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC crystal.The linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical devices.The Nd:YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP crystal.The Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical(TONLO)properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 nm.The Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC crystal.The color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 nm.The dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.展开更多
This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either wi...This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either with increasing levels of Exendin-4(0.0-200μM)or with Exendin-4(at its IC50)in the presence or absence of EX-527(10μM/a selective SIRT1 inhibitor)or Exendin-4(9-39)amide(E(9-39)A)(1μM/an Exendin-4 antagonist).In a dose-dependent manner,Exendin-4 inhibited cell survival,but enhanced levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)in both HT29 and HCT116.In both cell lines and at it has an IC50(45μM for HT29 and 35μM for HCT1165),Exendin-4 also significantly reduced cell survival,migration,and invasion of both cell types,with no effect on the expression GLP-1 receptors(GLPRs)nor of the activity of Akt.At these doses,Exendin-4 also increased the expression of SIRT1 but reduced the acetylation of NF-κB and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and in both cell lines.Concomitantly,protein levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9),total and acetylatedβ-catenin,and Anix2 were significantly decreased,but levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9)and p-β-catenin(Ser33/37/Thr41)were significantly increased in both HT29 and HCT116-exendin-4 treated cells.All the effects exerted by Exendin-4 were completely prevented by Ex527 or E(9-39)A.In conclusion,Exendin-4 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 and HCT116 CRC cell activation of GS3Kβ-induced inhibition ofβ-catenin and NF-κβin a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.展开更多
This study investigates if the anti-tumor effect of Pterostilbene in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer(OC)cell line involves inhibition of cell metabolism and tested in this effect involves modulating AMPK and Akt-induced regu...This study investigates if the anti-tumor effect of Pterostilbene in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer(OC)cell line involves inhibition of cell metabolism and tested in this effect involves modulating AMPK and Akt-induced regulation of mTORC1.Initially,SKOV3 cells were cultured in the humidified conditions in DMEM media for 24 h with or without increasing concentration of Pterostilbene.Then,the cells were incubated with Pterostilbene(IC_(50)=50μM)under similar conditions with or without pre-incubation with Dorsomorphin,an AMPK inhibitor.In a dose-dependent manner,Pterostilbene inhibited SKOV3 cell survival and increased their lysate levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA).When SKOV3 cells were treated with 50μM Pterostilbene,Pterostilbene significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion,reduced lysate levels of lactic acid and the optical density of Oil Red O staining,and increased lysate glucose levels.It also increased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and induced intrinsic cell apoptosis by upregulating protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and reducing protein levels of Bcl-2.Besides,Pterostilbene reduced mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP-1),fatty acid synthase(FAS),acetyl CoA carboxylase-1(ACC-1),and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).Furthermore,Pterostilbene increased the protein levels of p-AMPK,p-p53,p-raptor,p-TSC-2,but significantly decreased protein levels of p-Akt,p-TSC-2,p-mTOR,p-S6K1,and p-4E-BP.Treatment with Dorsomorphin(CC)abolished all the anti-tumorigenesis effects afforded by Pterostilbene and prevented Pterostilbene-induced phosphorylation of Akt,p53,and mTOR.In conclusion,the tumorsuppressive effect of Pterostilbene in SKOV3 cells involves the induction of ROS and inhibition of dysregulation cell metabolism mainly due to AMPK-induced Akt-dependent or independent suppression of mTOR.展开更多
The work presents studies on the complex permittivity and permeability of composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber containing combinations of conductive fillers which include carbon black and nickel powder. ...The work presents studies on the complex permittivity and permeability of composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber containing combinations of conductive fillers which include carbon black and nickel powder. The properties of those composites, containing each of the fillers at the same amount were compared. The permittivity and permeability values of the composites are influenced remarkably by their morphology and structure as well as by the morphological and structural specifics of both fillers. As electron scanning microscopy studies confirm, those parameters are predetermined by the nature of the composites studied—particle size, particles arrangement in the matrix and their tendency to clustering. Last but not least matrix-filler interface phenomena also impact the characteristics in question. The possibilities for applications of the composites in antennae have been studied, in particular, as substrates and insulating layers in flexible antennae for body centric communications (BCCs). The research results allow the conclusion that these materials can find such applications indeed. Composites of higher conductivity can be used where surface waves are generated to provide on-body communications, while composites of lower conductivity may be used for antennae that will be on the body of a person and will transmit to and receive from other antennas that are not on the body of the same person (off-body communications). It is clear that one can engineer the properties of antennae substrates at microwave frequencies by adjusting the filler content and the type of filler and thus control and tailor the antenna performance specific for a particular application.展开更多
The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O...The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O_(4)and P_(2)O_(5)were mixed in various proportions and melted in ambient atmosphere directed by x LiMn_(2)O_(4)-(100−x)P_(2)O_(5)with x=15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,30 mol%and 35 mol%nominal compositions.The materials obtained were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),density,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical absorption,and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy measurements with decay kinetics analysis.The XRD data supported vitrification in the explored compositional range wherein the density tended to increase with LiMn_(2)O_(4)concentration.The FT-IR spectra indicated that adding LiMn_(2)O_(4)at the expense of P_(2)O_(5)leads to a network depolymerization effect evidenced largely by the upsurge of the vas(PO_(3)^(2−))band of end-of-chain PO4 tetrahedra.DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature increased steadily while glass stability decreased with increasing LiMn_(2)O_(4)content.The optical absorption measurements showed increasingly the presence of both Mn^(2+)and Mn^(3+)ions leading to the development of intense purple hues consistent with LiMn_(2)O_(4)decomposition in the melts.The PL assessment then scrutinized the manifestation of red-emitting Mn^(2+)ions wherein an emission suppression trend was observed.The decay dynamics evaluation revealed the shortening of the Mn^(2+)decay times harmonizing with the PL quenching effect.The original work carried out stimulates additional research regarding the potential of vitrification with P_(2)O_(5)for the management or upcycling of lithium battery components.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis holds great promise for sustainable green hydrogen production,but it is challenged by chloride-induced corrosion.Herein,we demonstrate the hydrothermal preparation of Pb-doped NiFe layered double...Seawater electrolysis holds great promise for sustainable green hydrogen production,but it is challenged by chloride-induced corrosion.Herein,we demonstrate the hydrothermal preparation of Pb-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide on Ni foam(Pb-NiFe LDH/NF)for alkaline seawater oxidation electrocatalysis.Our Pb-NiFe LDH/NF requires a low overpotential of only 381 mV to attain a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(-2),superior to its NiFe LDH/NF counterpart(423 mV).Additionally,it operates continuously for 1000 h with negligible performance degradation and minimal active chlorine production.In situ Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals that Pb incorporation facilitates catalyst surface reconstruction,thereby enhancing oxygen evolution reaction activity.Importantly,Pb selectively adsorbs free Cl^(-)to form stable Pb-Cl species under the influence of an applied electric field.This process creates a Cl^(-)-free layer near the anode surface,thereby enhancing the catalyst’s chlorine corrosion resistance.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472194)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University through Large Research Project(RGP-2/687/46).
文摘Zinc-ion supercapacitors(ZISCs)have received considerable interest for energy storage because of their low cost,high safety,and minimal environmental impact.However,they have a low energy density and poor cycling performance.The design of a better cathode material is needed to overcome these limitations.A simple method was used to synthesize binder-free electrochemically exfoliated carbon paper(EECP)which modifies the surface of the paper by introducing oxygen functional groups and thus improves its pseudocapacitance.When used in a Zn-ion supercapacitor(ZISC),an EECPbased cathode provides a large surface area and quick charge transfer.As a result,the ZISC had remarkable charge storage properties and had a dominant capacitive-type charge storage mechanism with 78.8%retention of capacity at 10 mV/s of the total storage.Furthermore,at 1 A/g,the EECP electrode had a maximum capacitance of 252.5 F/g.The EECP electrode retained 81.7%of its capacitance after 10000 cycles,indicating its promise for use in the growing renewable energy sector.A ZISC was also constructed using EECP as the positive electrode and Zn as the negative electrode with a 1 mol L^(−1) ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.It had a capacitance of 186.22 F/g at 1 A/g and a 97.01%retention rate after 10000 cycles.It also had an excellent energy density of 46.6 Wh/kg at a power density of 500.4 W/kg.The material is therefore suitable for use in high-rate next-generation ZISCs.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/630/45。
文摘Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.
基金support from the Innovation Team Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(No.2018KCXTD026)Guangdong Scientific and Technological Project(2019B1515120043,2020A151501612,2021A1515220109,2022B1515020093)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant No.KCXFZ20201221173413038)Longhua District Science and Innovation Commission Project Grants of Shenzhen(JCYJ201904).
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 depends on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction till now,which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation,and the confirmation of variants relies on further sequencing techniques.Herein,we first proposed a robust technique-methodology of electrochemical CRISPR sensing with the advantages of rapid,highly sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant.To enhance the sensing capability,gold electrodes are uniformly decorated with electro-deposited gold nanoparticles.Using DNA template identical to SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike gene sequence as model,our biosensor exhibits excellent analytical detection limit(50 fM)and high linearity(R2=0.987)over six orders of magnitude dynamic range from 100 fM to 10 nM without any nucleic-acid-amplification assays.The detection can be completed within 1 h with high stability and specificity which benefits from the CRISPR-Cas system.Furthermore,based on the wireless micro-electrochemical platform,the proposed biosensor reveals promising application ability in point-of-care testing.
基金financial support for research from Higher Education Commission Pakistan under National Research Program for Universities(NRPU)(No.20-3995/WRPU/R&D/HEC/14/1212)Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science - King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for support
文摘Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly（N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid）（p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc））polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p（NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc） hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol（4-NP） as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride（Na BH4） concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant（kapp）. The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.
基金The Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work under the Grant Number RCAMS/KKU/019-20.
文摘Efficient decision-making remains an open challenge in the research community,and many researchers are working to improve accuracy through the use of various computational techniques.In this case,the fuzzification and defuzzification processes can be very useful.Defuzzification is an effective process to get a single number from the output of a fuzzy set.Considering defuzzification as a center point of this research paper,to analyze and understand the effect of different types of vehicles according to their performance.In this paper,the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)process under uncertainty and defuzzification is discussed by using the center of the area(COA)or centroidmethod.Further,to find the best solution,Hurwicz criteria are used on the defuzzified data.Anewdecision-making technique is proposed using Hurwicz criteria for triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.The proposed technique considers all types of decision makers’perspectives such as optimistic,neutral,and pessimistic which is crucial in solving decisionmaking problems.A simple case study is used to demonstrate and discuss the Centroid Method and Hurwicz Criteria for measuring risk attitudes among decision-makers.The significance of the proposed defuzzification method is demonstrated by comparing it to previous defuzzification procedures with its application.
基金This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme provided by the Ministry of Higher Education(Ref.No.FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UNIMAP/03/26)and University of Malaya Grant(Ref.No.GPF020A-2019)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the General Research Project GRP/281/42.
文摘Background:Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that has troubled a sizeable population.There is an active area of research on obstructive sleep apnea that intends to better understand airflow behaviors and therefore treat patients more effectively.This paper aims to investigate the airflow characteristics of the upper airway in an obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)patient under light and heavy breathing conditions by using Turbulent Kinetic Energy(TKE),an accurate method in expressing the flow concentration mechanisms of sleeping disorders.It is important to visualize the concentration of flow in the upper airway in order to identify the severity level of the obstruction during sleep.Methods:Computational fluid dynamic(CFD)analysis was used as a solution tool to evaluate the airflow during light and heavy breathing conditions.A medical imaging technique was used to extract the 3D model from the CT scan images.Additionally,mesh generation and simulation were carried out via CFD software to evaluate the light and heavy breathing characteristics related to obstructive sleep apnea.Steady state Reynold’s averaged Navier-Stoke(RANS)with the k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence model was utilized.The airflow characteristics were quantified using parameters such as pressure distribution,skin friction coefficient,velocity profile,Reynolds number,turbulent Reynolds number and turbulence kinetic energy.Results:Contour plots at different planes were used to visualize the airflow distribution as it passed through different cross-sectional areas of the airway.The results revealed that the presence of a smaller cross-sectional area of the airway caused an increase in airflow parameters,especially during heavy breathing.Furthermore,turbulent airflow conditions along the airway were noticed during heavy breathing.The severity of OSA could be measured by the turbulent kinetic energy which is able to show the behavior and concentration of mean flow.This study is expected to provide crucial and important results by visualizing the concentration of airflow mechanisms and characteristics of a patient’s airway during light and heavy breathing. These findings enable TKE to be used as a new tool for characterizing theseverity of obstructive sleep apnea in the upper airways of patients.
基金support he received through General Research Project under the grant number (R.G.P.2/138/42)。
文摘A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simulations using CFD code are employed to investigate the boundary layer and the hydrodynamic flow.To validate the current numerical model,measurement points from published works were used,and the compared results were in good compliance.Simulations were carried out for the velocity series of 0.04,0.4 and 4 m/s and nanoparticle concentrations0.1% and 5%.The influence of nanoparticles’ concentration on velocity,temperature profiles,wall shear stress,and turbulent intensity was investigated.The obtained results showed that the viscous sub-layer,the buffer layer,and the loglaw layer along the potential-flow layer could be analyzed based on their curving quality in the regions which have just a single wall distance.It was seen that the viscous sub-layer is the biggest area in comparison with other areas.Alternatively,the section where the temperature changes considerably correspond to the thermal boundary layer’s thickness goes a downward trend when the velocity decreases.The thermal boundary layer gets deep away from the leading edge.However,a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles indicated a minor impact on the shear stress developed in the wall.In all cases,the thickness of the boundary layer undergoes a downward trend as the velocity increases,whereas increasing the nanoparticle concentrations would enhance the thickness.More precisely,the log layer is closed with log law,and it is minimal between Y^(+)=50 and Y^(+)=95.The temperature for nanoparticle concentration φ=5%is higher than that for φ=0.1%,in boundary layers,for all studied nanofluids.However,it is established that the behavior is inverted from the value of Y^(+)=1 and the temperature for φ =0.1% is more important than the case of φ =5%.For turbulence intensity peak,this peak exists at Y^(+)=100 for v=4 m/s,Y^(+)=10 for v=0.4 m/s and Y^(+)=8 for v=0.04 m/s.
基金the support of the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)at King Khalid University Abha,Saudi Arabia,through Grant(KKU/RCAMS/22).
文摘Genetic polymorphism has a vital role in the pathogenesis and development of myocardial infarction(MI).Single nucleotide polymorphism at any one of the amino acid sequences can result in a diseased state.A single gene can exhibit genetic polymorphism at more than one position giving rise to different variants.Genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen(AGT)M235T,AGT T174M,and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme(ACE)I/D,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)can be a risk factor for MI.However,it is important to study the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of these genes among different populations.MI is influenced by genetic polymorphism of various genes,including AGT,ACE,eNOS,MTHFR,etc.However,the association of genetic polymorphism of these genes varies among different populations,but different ethnic groups could show contradictory results.These genes have shown a positive association with risks of MI in some populations,whereas the results have not been consistent with every ethnic group.In this article,we have summarized the genetic variations in the aforementioned genes and their association with MI.
基金support and funding of King Khalid University through Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)under grant no:RCAMS/KKU/008/21the support provided by King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy(K.A.CARE)under K.A.CARE-King Abdulaziz University Collaboration Program。
文摘A translucent wooden substrate with long-lasting phosphorescence,high photostability and durability,tough surface,ultraviolet protection,high optical transmittance,and superhydrophobicity was developed.This long-lasting phosphorescent wooden substrate is able to continue emitting light for extended time periods.Lignin-modified wood(LMW)was immobilized with a solution of epoxy resin(ER)and rare-earth doped aluminate(REDA)phosphor nanoparticles(NPs).For an improved dispersion of pigment,REDA was synthesized in a nanoscale particle size,and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to indicate a particle size of 8-14 nm.The crystal structure of REDA nanoparticles was also proved by X-ray diffraction(XRD).For an improved production of long-persistent phosphorescent colo rless woods,REDA must be well-dispersed in MAA without aggregation.Absorption and emissio n,as well as decay and lifetime spectra were explored.The morphologies of the wooden substrates with different ratios of REDA were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),elemental mapping,and energy-dispersion Xray(EDXA).The phosphorescent woods show changes in color from colorless to green under ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,and to yellowish-green in the dark,as proved by the colorimetric parameters of the CIE Lab system.The afterglow wood samples display an absorbance band at 365 nm and two phosphorescent bands at 431 and 520 nm.Improved UV shielding,photostability,and hydrophobicity were explored.With increasing REDA ratio,both static contact and slide angles are found to improve in the ranges of147.6°-163.6°and 9°-14°,respectively.The long-lasting photoluminescence is optimized at a REDA ratio of 8%.The present strategy shows a large-scale production approach of multiple functional woods for many potential applications,such as smart glow in the dark windows and safety signs.
基金support of the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS)at King Khalid University Abha,Saudi Arabia,through Grant(KKU/RCAMS/22).
文摘The cytokine channel’s mechanism for self-regulation involves the application of antagonistic cytokines that are synthesized to connect to the receptors and release soluble cytokine receptors.The very first receptor antagonist of cytokine that was naturally present was interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra).The IL-1Ra protein forms are disinfected from supernatants of cultured monocytes on stacked IgG.The family of IL-1 consists of IL-1α,IL-1βand IL-1Ra.Human monocytes regulate the production of IL-Ra.IL-Ra takes part in normal physiological functions by using specific antibodies,and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.IL-Ra is synthesized in the tissues during the period of active disease and can be systematically measured and/or estimated.Maintenance of the levels of IL-Ra and IL-1 is the main factor for host resistance in patients during diseased conditions,as IL-Ra acts as an inherent regulator of various inflammatory responses.In this article,we focuse on how IL-Ra is synthesized and performs its functions once the inflammatory responses are activated.
基金The Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS)at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia is acknowledged for funding this work under the grant number RCAMS/KKU/016-22。
文摘The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied.The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum,cerium,and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were quantified under strongly acidic conditions(pH 2)at 298-328 K.The adsorption equilibria of these earth elements were analyzed using two statistical physics models(homogeneous and heterogeneous monolayer models).The results show that the adsorption of these ions implies a multiionic mechanism,which is exothermic.Si-containing functional groups are responsible for the adsorption of these rare-earth elements on the diatomite surface.A heterogeneous statistical physics model confirms that two Si-based functional groups participate in the separation of these cations.The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation follow the order:neodymium>cerium>lanthanum.Calculated interaction energies range from 28600 to 40100 J/mol,indicating physical adsorption on diatomite M45.This study demonstrates that diatomite M45 is a promising separation medium that can be used for the recovery of REEs dissolved in aqueous solutions via adsorption.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation.
基金funding this work through the Research Group Program under the Grant Number:(R.G.P.2/382/44).
文摘Many plant species have a startling degree of morphological similarity,making it difficult to split and categorize them reliably.Unknown plant species can be challenging to classify and segment using deep learning.While using deep learning architectures has helped improve classification accuracy,the resulting models often need to be more flexible and require a large dataset to train.For the sake of taxonomy,this research proposes a hybrid method for categorizing guava,potato,and java plumleaves.Two new approaches are used to formthe hybridmodel suggested here.The guava,potato,and java plum plant species have been successfully segmented using the first model built on the MobileNetV2-UNET architecture.As a second model,we use a Plant Species Detection Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning Model(PSD-SE-DLM)to identify potatoes,java plums,and guava.The proposed models were trained using data collected in Punjab,Pakistan,consisting of images of healthy and sick leaves from guava,java plum,and potatoes.These datasets are known as PLSD and PLSSD.Accuracy levels of 99.84%and 96.38%were achieved for the suggested PSD-SE-DLM and MobileNetV2-UNET models,respectively.
基金This research was funded by King Khalid University—KSA,grant number(R.G.P.2/35/40)and the APC was funded by King Khalid University—KSA.
文摘Every new generation of antennas is characterized by increased accuracy and faster transmission speeds.However,patch antennas have been known to damage human health.This type of antenna sends out electromagnetic waves that increase the temperature of the human head and prevent nerve strands from functioning properly.This paper examines the effect of the communication between the patch antenna and the brain on the head’s temperature by developing a hypothetical multi-input model that achieves more accurate results.These inputs are an individual’s blood and tissue,and the emission power of the antenna.These forces depend on the permeability and conductivity characteristics of the metal from which the antenna is fabricated.The proposed model is the first one that links the material the antenna is manufactured from and the head’s temperature.The results show that there are only a small number of materials that should be used as antenna covers.These materials are in the form of thin films.By using these thin films at different temperatures,the risk to the head can be reduced.This paper finds that the best results were obtained when the patch antenna was made of one of the following materials operating at a specific temperature:traditional materials at 305°K;casting cast steel at around 295°K;bismuth telluride(Bi2Te3)at 290°K;or barium sodium niobate at 310°K.
基金UGC,New Delhi,India for awarding Maulana Azad National Fellowship(Grant No.F1-17.1/2015-16/MANF-2015-17-MAH-68193)RCAMSKing Khalid University,Saudi Arabia for support
文摘In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC)single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS)technique.The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC crystal.The UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC crystal.The linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical devices.The Nd:YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP crystal.The Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical(TONLO)properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 nm.The Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC crystal.The color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 nm.The dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.
基金the deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Abha,KSA for supporting this work under grant number(R.G.P.2/80/41)the work was supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number(TURSP-2020/99)Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia and this work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.
文摘This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either with increasing levels of Exendin-4(0.0-200μM)or with Exendin-4(at its IC50)in the presence or absence of EX-527(10μM/a selective SIRT1 inhibitor)or Exendin-4(9-39)amide(E(9-39)A)(1μM/an Exendin-4 antagonist).In a dose-dependent manner,Exendin-4 inhibited cell survival,but enhanced levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)in both HT29 and HCT116.In both cell lines and at it has an IC50(45μM for HT29 and 35μM for HCT1165),Exendin-4 also significantly reduced cell survival,migration,and invasion of both cell types,with no effect on the expression GLP-1 receptors(GLPRs)nor of the activity of Akt.At these doses,Exendin-4 also increased the expression of SIRT1 but reduced the acetylation of NF-κB and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and in both cell lines.Concomitantly,protein levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9),total and acetylatedβ-catenin,and Anix2 were significantly decreased,but levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9)and p-β-catenin(Ser33/37/Thr41)were significantly increased in both HT29 and HCT116-exendin-4 treated cells.All the effects exerted by Exendin-4 were completely prevented by Ex527 or E(9-39)A.In conclusion,Exendin-4 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 and HCT116 CRC cell activation of GS3Kβ-induced inhibition ofβ-catenin and NF-κβin a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
基金supported by the Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number PNU-DRI-RI-20-012.
文摘This study investigates if the anti-tumor effect of Pterostilbene in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer(OC)cell line involves inhibition of cell metabolism and tested in this effect involves modulating AMPK and Akt-induced regulation of mTORC1.Initially,SKOV3 cells were cultured in the humidified conditions in DMEM media for 24 h with or without increasing concentration of Pterostilbene.Then,the cells were incubated with Pterostilbene(IC_(50)=50μM)under similar conditions with or without pre-incubation with Dorsomorphin,an AMPK inhibitor.In a dose-dependent manner,Pterostilbene inhibited SKOV3 cell survival and increased their lysate levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA).When SKOV3 cells were treated with 50μM Pterostilbene,Pterostilbene significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion,reduced lysate levels of lactic acid and the optical density of Oil Red O staining,and increased lysate glucose levels.It also increased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and induced intrinsic cell apoptosis by upregulating protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and reducing protein levels of Bcl-2.Besides,Pterostilbene reduced mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP-1),fatty acid synthase(FAS),acetyl CoA carboxylase-1(ACC-1),and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).Furthermore,Pterostilbene increased the protein levels of p-AMPK,p-p53,p-raptor,p-TSC-2,but significantly decreased protein levels of p-Akt,p-TSC-2,p-mTOR,p-S6K1,and p-4E-BP.Treatment with Dorsomorphin(CC)abolished all the anti-tumorigenesis effects afforded by Pterostilbene and prevented Pterostilbene-induced phosphorylation of Akt,p53,and mTOR.In conclusion,the tumorsuppressive effect of Pterostilbene in SKOV3 cells involves the induction of ROS and inhibition of dysregulation cell metabolism mainly due to AMPK-induced Akt-dependent or independent suppression of mTOR.
文摘The work presents studies on the complex permittivity and permeability of composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber containing combinations of conductive fillers which include carbon black and nickel powder. The properties of those composites, containing each of the fillers at the same amount were compared. The permittivity and permeability values of the composites are influenced remarkably by their morphology and structure as well as by the morphological and structural specifics of both fillers. As electron scanning microscopy studies confirm, those parameters are predetermined by the nature of the composites studied—particle size, particles arrangement in the matrix and their tendency to clustering. Last but not least matrix-filler interface phenomena also impact the characteristics in question. The possibilities for applications of the composites in antennae have been studied, in particular, as substrates and insulating layers in flexible antennae for body centric communications (BCCs). The research results allow the conclusion that these materials can find such applications indeed. Composites of higher conductivity can be used where surface waves are generated to provide on-body communications, while composites of lower conductivity may be used for antennae that will be on the body of a person and will transmit to and receive from other antennas that are not on the body of the same person (off-body communications). It is clear that one can engineer the properties of antennae substrates at microwave frequencies by adjusting the filler content and the type of filler and thus control and tailor the antenna performance specific for a particular application.
基金supported by the Social Science Research Council’s SSMN Seed Grant,with funds provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation.
文摘The making of glasses using lithium manganese(III,IV)oxide as cathode-active material of lithium-ion batteries and phosphorus pentoxide as glass former is herein reported for the first time.The raw materials LiMn_(2)O_(4)and P_(2)O_(5)were mixed in various proportions and melted in ambient atmosphere directed by x LiMn_(2)O_(4)-(100−x)P_(2)O_(5)with x=15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,30 mol%and 35 mol%nominal compositions.The materials obtained were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),density,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),optical absorption,and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy measurements with decay kinetics analysis.The XRD data supported vitrification in the explored compositional range wherein the density tended to increase with LiMn_(2)O_(4)concentration.The FT-IR spectra indicated that adding LiMn_(2)O_(4)at the expense of P_(2)O_(5)leads to a network depolymerization effect evidenced largely by the upsurge of the vas(PO_(3)^(2−))band of end-of-chain PO4 tetrahedra.DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature increased steadily while glass stability decreased with increasing LiMn_(2)O_(4)content.The optical absorption measurements showed increasingly the presence of both Mn^(2+)and Mn^(3+)ions leading to the development of intense purple hues consistent with LiMn_(2)O_(4)decomposition in the melts.The PL assessment then scrutinized the manifestation of red-emitting Mn^(2+)ions wherein an emission suppression trend was observed.The decay dynamics evaluation revealed the shortening of the Mn^(2+)decay times harmonizing with the PL quenching effect.The original work carried out stimulates additional research regarding the potential of vitrification with P_(2)O_(5)for the management or upcycling of lithium battery components.
基金funding this work through Large Research Project under Grant(No.RGP2/28/46).
文摘Seawater electrolysis holds great promise for sustainable green hydrogen production,but it is challenged by chloride-induced corrosion.Herein,we demonstrate the hydrothermal preparation of Pb-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide on Ni foam(Pb-NiFe LDH/NF)for alkaline seawater oxidation electrocatalysis.Our Pb-NiFe LDH/NF requires a low overpotential of only 381 mV to attain a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(-2),superior to its NiFe LDH/NF counterpart(423 mV).Additionally,it operates continuously for 1000 h with negligible performance degradation and minimal active chlorine production.In situ Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals that Pb incorporation facilitates catalyst surface reconstruction,thereby enhancing oxygen evolution reaction activity.Importantly,Pb selectively adsorbs free Cl^(-)to form stable Pb-Cl species under the influence of an applied electric field.This process creates a Cl^(-)-free layer near the anode surface,thereby enhancing the catalyst’s chlorine corrosion resistance.
