The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care services, leading to a breakdown in public and private health systems worldwide. A major challenge was the scarcity of mechanical ventilators, which resulted...The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care services, leading to a breakdown in public and private health systems worldwide. A major challenge was the scarcity of mechanical ventilators, which resulted in the use of anaesthesia devices for this purpose. However, they are quite different from mechanical ventilators used in Intensive Care Units and some adaptations, such as the use of high flow to reduce CO2 rebreathing, were necessary to ensure patient safety. The objective of this study was to present a mathematical formula and develop a tool that can be used to adjust the flow of oxygen and air in flow metres of anaesthesia devices that do not have oxygen analysers or these analysers are not operational. A literature review was conducted using the main health databases and libraries as research sources: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, and Cochrane. The review included studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Animal studies were excluded. A total of 11 references were included to support this article.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behavio...BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behaviour and eating disorders among adolescents with DT1.METHODS An integrative review was accomplished based on the following databases:PubMed,LILACS,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,and Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),including publications in Portuguese,English,or Spanish,without time limit and time published.RESULTS The main instruments to evaluate disordered eating behaviour were The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised,The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey,and the eating attitudes test-26,and for eating disorders the main instruments used were The Bulimic Investigation Test of Edinburgh,The Binge Eating Scale,The Child Eating Disorder Examination,The five questions of the(Sick,Control,One,Fat and Food),and The Mind Youth Questionnaire.These instruments showed an effect in evaluating risks regarding nutritional habits or feeding grievances,with outcomes related to weight control,inadequate use of insulin,and glycaemia unmanageability.We did not identify publication bias.CONCLUSION Around the world,the most used scale to study the risk of disordered eating behaviour or eating disorder is The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised.International researchers use this scale to identify high scores in adolescents with DT1 and a relationship with poorer glycemic control and psychological problems related to body image.展开更多
Background:More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban settlements that grow both in size and number.By 2050,approximately 70%of the global population will be living in urban conglomerations,mai...Background:More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban settlements that grow both in size and number.By 2050,approximately 70%of the global population will be living in urban conglomerations,mainly in low-and middle-income countries.Mobility,poverty,different layers of inequalities as well as climate variability and change are some of the social and environmental factors that influence the exposure of human populations in urban settings to vector-borne diseases,which pose eminent public health threats.Accurate,consistent,and evidencebased interventions for prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings are needed to implement innovative and cost-effective public policy and to promote inclusive and equitable urban health services.Main body:While there is growing awareness of vector-borne diseases epidemiology at the urban level,there is still a paucity of research and action being undertaken in this area,hindering evidence-based public health policy decisions and practice and strategies for active community engagement.This paper describes the collaboration and partnership of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)hosted by the World Health Organization(WHO)and the“VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews”(VERDAS)Research Consortium as they joined efforts in response to filling this gap in knowledge and evidence by supporting the development of a series of scoping reviews that highlight priority research gaps and policy implications to address vector-borne and other infectious diseases at the urban level.Conclusions:The set of scoping reviews proposed in this special issue presents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art of research on urban health interventions for the prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty.The authors of the 6 reviews highlighted severe gaps in knowledge and identified organizational and theoretical limitations that need to be urgently tackled to improve cities preparedness and vector control response.The more pressing need at present is to ensure that more implementation research on vector-borne diseases in urban settings is conducted,addressing policy and practice implications and calling for more political commitment and social mobilization through adequate citizen engagement strategies.展开更多
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care services, leading to a breakdown in public and private health systems worldwide. A major challenge was the scarcity of mechanical ventilators, which resulted in the use of anaesthesia devices for this purpose. However, they are quite different from mechanical ventilators used in Intensive Care Units and some adaptations, such as the use of high flow to reduce CO2 rebreathing, were necessary to ensure patient safety. The objective of this study was to present a mathematical formula and develop a tool that can be used to adjust the flow of oxygen and air in flow metres of anaesthesia devices that do not have oxygen analysers or these analysers are not operational. A literature review was conducted using the main health databases and libraries as research sources: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, and Cochrane. The review included studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Animal studies were excluded. A total of 11 references were included to support this article.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behaviour and eating disorders among adolescents with DT1.METHODS An integrative review was accomplished based on the following databases:PubMed,LILACS,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,and Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),including publications in Portuguese,English,or Spanish,without time limit and time published.RESULTS The main instruments to evaluate disordered eating behaviour were The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised,The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey,and the eating attitudes test-26,and for eating disorders the main instruments used were The Bulimic Investigation Test of Edinburgh,The Binge Eating Scale,The Child Eating Disorder Examination,The five questions of the(Sick,Control,One,Fat and Food),and The Mind Youth Questionnaire.These instruments showed an effect in evaluating risks regarding nutritional habits or feeding grievances,with outcomes related to weight control,inadequate use of insulin,and glycaemia unmanageability.We did not identify publication bias.CONCLUSION Around the world,the most used scale to study the risk of disordered eating behaviour or eating disorder is The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised.International researchers use this scale to identify high scores in adolescents with DT1 and a relationship with poorer glycemic control and psychological problems related to body image.
基金The scoping reviews received funding support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),Geneva,Switzerland.
文摘Background:More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban settlements that grow both in size and number.By 2050,approximately 70%of the global population will be living in urban conglomerations,mainly in low-and middle-income countries.Mobility,poverty,different layers of inequalities as well as climate variability and change are some of the social and environmental factors that influence the exposure of human populations in urban settings to vector-borne diseases,which pose eminent public health threats.Accurate,consistent,and evidencebased interventions for prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings are needed to implement innovative and cost-effective public policy and to promote inclusive and equitable urban health services.Main body:While there is growing awareness of vector-borne diseases epidemiology at the urban level,there is still a paucity of research and action being undertaken in this area,hindering evidence-based public health policy decisions and practice and strategies for active community engagement.This paper describes the collaboration and partnership of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)hosted by the World Health Organization(WHO)and the“VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews”(VERDAS)Research Consortium as they joined efforts in response to filling this gap in knowledge and evidence by supporting the development of a series of scoping reviews that highlight priority research gaps and policy implications to address vector-borne and other infectious diseases at the urban level.Conclusions:The set of scoping reviews proposed in this special issue presents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art of research on urban health interventions for the prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty.The authors of the 6 reviews highlighted severe gaps in knowledge and identified organizational and theoretical limitations that need to be urgently tackled to improve cities preparedness and vector control response.The more pressing need at present is to ensure that more implementation research on vector-borne diseases in urban settings is conducted,addressing policy and practice implications and calling for more political commitment and social mobilization through adequate citizen engagement strategies.
