The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and ...The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and collectivist.This article is trying to discuss is the difference between individualism and collectivism in the western and eastern cultures,and also will explain and discuss it in some aspects,such as their viewpoint,their attitude on self-enhancement and self-criticism,and the goal setting and motivation,and take some cases which some researches and psychologists did and some cases found for example to describe it.Also it presents that social orientation and environment,and culture background will take important role to impact people’s mind and choice on individualism and collectivism.No matter individual or collective,it all have advantage and disadvantage for each,it needs comprehensive evaluation for differential environment which can obtain relative reasonable conclusion.展开更多
The global generation of municipal solid waste(MSW)has significantly escalated and it is nowadays an urgent environmental problem.Incineration has emerged as a prevalent MSW treatment method,with the resulting MSW inc...The global generation of municipal solid waste(MSW)has significantly escalated and it is nowadays an urgent environmental problem.Incineration has emerged as a prevalent MSW treatment method,with the resulting MSW incineration bottom ash(MSWI BA)offering potential for beneficial reuse,particularly in subgrade construction.However,concerns persist in terms of long-term leaching and ecotoxicity of MSWI BA heavy metals.This critical review consolidates the existing research on the physicochemical properties of MSWI BA,its heavy metal characteristics,and the associated risk management strategies for its reuse in road construction applications.The review systematically analyzes the physical and chemical properties of MSWI BA,confirming its suitability as a construction aggregate.It further examines the typical heavy metal content,including Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cr,and the influential factors such as waste composition,incineration temperature,and flue gas treatment.The leaching behavior of heavy metals under different environmental conditions is investigated through the synthesis of laboratory test data and field monitoring results.Common risk assessment methods at various stages,from BA pretreatment to subgrade design,are evaluated.Additionally,the review summarizes the regulatory standards for MSWI BA application in road construction across different regions,identifies current research limitations,and provides suggestions for future research directions to promote the sustainable utilization of this valuable resource.The findings of this comprehensive review contribute to a better understanding of the feasibility and environmental implications of MSWI BA reuse,supporting informed decision-making and the development of effective management strategies for this growing waste stream.The insights gained can aid in the design of appropriate treatment and application protocols to mitigate the risks associated with heavy metal leaching,thereby facilitating the circular economy in the subgrade construction.展开更多
Bipolar electrochemistry is a high-throughput corrosion testing method capable of applying a quasi-linear potential gradient across test specimens.This study employs-bipolar electrochemistry corrosion testing to inves...Bipolar electrochemistry is a high-throughput corrosion testing method capable of applying a quasi-linear potential gradient across test specimens.This study employs-bipolar electrochemistry corrosion testing to investigate the influence of gravity on pitting corrosion of type 304L and 420 stainless steel across a broad range of applied potentials.Gravity modifies the distribution of current density on the bipolar electrode without altering the potential distribution.The impact of gravity on pitting corrosion is achieved through its effects on the dilution of the electrolyte and the removal of the salt film within the pits.Pits oriented in a face up position demonstrate smoother morphologies,larger cross-sectional areas and pit volumes.In contrast,pits oriented in perpendicular and facedown positions exhibit pit shape.Under conditions governed by diffusion and activation control,pits can up to over 100μm.Additionally,crystallographic pits are observed to form in areas subjected to high applied potentials.展开更多
Visual analysis of social networks is usually based on graph drawing algorithms and tools. However, social networks are a special kind of graph in the sense that interpretation of displayed relationships is heavily de...Visual analysis of social networks is usually based on graph drawing algorithms and tools. However, social networks are a special kind of graph in the sense that interpretation of displayed relationships is heavily dependent on context. Context, in its turn, is given by attributes associated with graph elements, such as individual nodes, edges, and groups of edges, as well as by the nature of the connections between individuals. In most systems, attributes of individuals and communities are not taken into consideration during graph layout, except to derive weights for force-based placement strategies. This paper proposes a set of novel tools for displaying and exploring social networks based on attribute and connectivity mappings. These properties are employed to layout nodes on the plane via multidimensional projection techniques. For the attribute mapping, we show that node proximity in the layout corresponds to similarity in atgribute, leading to easiness in locating similar groups of nodes. The projection based on connectivity yields an initial placement that forgoes force-based or graph analysis algorithm, reaching a meaningful layout in one pass. When a force algorithm is then applied to this initial mapping, the final layout presents better properties than conventional force-based approaches. Numerical evaluations show a number of advantages of pre-mapping points via projections. User evaluation demonstrates that these tools promote ease of manipulation as well as fast identification of concepts and associations which cannot be easily expressed by conventional graph visualization alone. In order to allow better space usage for complex networks, a graph mapping on the surface of a sphere is also implemented.展开更多
Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Systems involving sensors, actuators and distributed control loop is of paramount importance but very difficult to address. Security patterns consist of domain-inde...Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Systems involving sensors, actuators and distributed control loop is of paramount importance but very difficult to address. Security patterns consist of domain-independent time-proven security knowledge and expertise. How are they useful for developing secure IoT-based smart systems? Are there architectures that support IoT security? We aim to systematically review the research work published on patterns and architectures for IoT security (and privacy). Then, we want to provide an analysis on that research landscape to answer our research questions. We follow the well-known guidelines for conducting systematic literature reviews. From thousands of candidate papers initially found in our search process, we have systematically distinguished and analyzed thirty-six (36) papers that have been peer-reviewed and published around patterns and architectures for IoT security and privacy in the last decade (January 2010–December 2020). Our analysis shows that there is a rise in the number of publications tending to patterns and architectures for IoT security in the last three years. We have not seen any approach of applying systematically architectures and patterns together that can address security (and privacy) concerns not only at the architectural level, but also at the network or IoT devices level. We also explored how the research contributions in the primary studies handle the different issues from the OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) top ten vulnerabilities list. Finally, we discuss the current gaps in this research area and how to fill in the gaps for promoting the utilization of patterns for IoT security and privacy by design.展开更多
The dissociation chemistry of primary fragment ions from the protonated proline-containing tripeptides glycylprolylglycine,prolylglycylglycine,and prolylprolylglycine was investigated by electrospray ionization multi-...The dissociation chemistry of primary fragment ions from the protonated proline-containing tripeptides glycylprolylglycine,prolylglycylglycine,and prolylprolylglycine was investigated by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry.Calcula-tions showed the a 2 ions generated from b 2 ions were cyclic,which is energetically more favorable than the linear form.The prolyl residue in the structure affected the energy hypersurface of the dissociation reaction from the b 2 ion to the a 2 ion.In the fragmen-tation of a 2 ions,the iminium-imine complex corresponding to loss of CO from the a 2 ion was suggested to be an ion-neutral com-plex (INC).The a 1 ion was generated from direct separation of this INC,and the internal iminium ion,which was absent in PGG,was generated from another INC that was formed from the first INC via proton-bridged complex-mediated intramolecular proton transfer.Although these intermediates are unstable,their existence is supported by experiments and density functional theory calculations.展开更多
While novel artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are evolving and disrupting established terrestrial technologies at an unprecedented speed,their adaptation onboard satellites is seemingly lagging.A...While novel artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are evolving and disrupting established terrestrial technologies at an unprecedented speed,their adaptation onboard satellites is seemingly lagging.A major hindrance in this regard is the need for highquality annotated data for training such systems,which makes the development process of machine learning solutions costly,time-consuming,and inefficient.This paper presents“the OPS-SAT case”,a novel data-centric competition that seeks to address these challenges.The powerful computational capabilities of the European Space Agency’s OPS-SAT satellite are utilized to showcase the design of machine learning systems for space by using only the small amount of available labeled data,relying on the widely adopted and freely available open-source software.The generation of a suitable dataset,design and evaluation of a public data-centric competition,and results of an onboard experimental campaign by using the competition winners’machine learning model directly on OPS-SAT are detailed.The results indicate that adoption of open standards and deployment of advanced data augmentation techniques can retrieve meaningful onboard results comparatively quickly,simplifying and expediting an otherwise prolonged development period.展开更多
文摘The world could be analyzed in many dimensions,like rich and poor,peace and warfare,equal and oppressive,but one of the most important dimensions may be the difference between different societies of individualist and collectivist.This article is trying to discuss is the difference between individualism and collectivism in the western and eastern cultures,and also will explain and discuss it in some aspects,such as their viewpoint,their attitude on self-enhancement and self-criticism,and the goal setting and motivation,and take some cases which some researches and psychologists did and some cases found for example to describe it.Also it presents that social orientation and environment,and culture background will take important role to impact people’s mind and choice on individualism and collectivism.No matter individual or collective,it all have advantage and disadvantage for each,it needs comprehensive evaluation for differential environment which can obtain relative reasonable conclusion.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 52208426 and 52578505the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,grant number KJQN20230074+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,grant number CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1177the Chongqing Key Special Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development,grant number CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0102the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,grant number 2024JJ1001.
文摘The global generation of municipal solid waste(MSW)has significantly escalated and it is nowadays an urgent environmental problem.Incineration has emerged as a prevalent MSW treatment method,with the resulting MSW incineration bottom ash(MSWI BA)offering potential for beneficial reuse,particularly in subgrade construction.However,concerns persist in terms of long-term leaching and ecotoxicity of MSWI BA heavy metals.This critical review consolidates the existing research on the physicochemical properties of MSWI BA,its heavy metal characteristics,and the associated risk management strategies for its reuse in road construction applications.The review systematically analyzes the physical and chemical properties of MSWI BA,confirming its suitability as a construction aggregate.It further examines the typical heavy metal content,including Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cr,and the influential factors such as waste composition,incineration temperature,and flue gas treatment.The leaching behavior of heavy metals under different environmental conditions is investigated through the synthesis of laboratory test data and field monitoring results.Common risk assessment methods at various stages,from BA pretreatment to subgrade design,are evaluated.Additionally,the review summarizes the regulatory standards for MSWI BA application in road construction across different regions,identifies current research limitations,and provides suggestions for future research directions to promote the sustainable utilization of this valuable resource.The findings of this comprehensive review contribute to a better understanding of the feasibility and environmental implications of MSWI BA reuse,supporting informed decision-making and the development of effective management strategies for this growing waste stream.The insights gained can aid in the design of appropriate treatment and application protocols to mitigate the risks associated with heavy metal leaching,thereby facilitating the circular economy in the subgrade construction.
基金Science&Technology Fundamental resources investigation program(Grant No.2022FY101300)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant 2023A1515110926).
文摘Bipolar electrochemistry is a high-throughput corrosion testing method capable of applying a quasi-linear potential gradient across test specimens.This study employs-bipolar electrochemistry corrosion testing to investigate the influence of gravity on pitting corrosion of type 304L and 420 stainless steel across a broad range of applied potentials.Gravity modifies the distribution of current density on the bipolar electrode without altering the potential distribution.The impact of gravity on pitting corrosion is achieved through its effects on the dilution of the electrolyte and the removal of the salt film within the pits.Pits oriented in a face up position demonstrate smoother morphologies,larger cross-sectional areas and pit volumes.In contrast,pits oriented in perpendicular and facedown positions exhibit pit shape.Under conditions governed by diffusion and activation control,pits can up to over 100μm.Additionally,crystallographic pits are observed to form in areas subjected to high applied potentials.
基金FAPESP, CNPq and CAPES for their financial support
文摘Visual analysis of social networks is usually based on graph drawing algorithms and tools. However, social networks are a special kind of graph in the sense that interpretation of displayed relationships is heavily dependent on context. Context, in its turn, is given by attributes associated with graph elements, such as individual nodes, edges, and groups of edges, as well as by the nature of the connections between individuals. In most systems, attributes of individuals and communities are not taken into consideration during graph layout, except to derive weights for force-based placement strategies. This paper proposes a set of novel tools for displaying and exploring social networks based on attribute and connectivity mappings. These properties are employed to layout nodes on the plane via multidimensional projection techniques. For the attribute mapping, we show that node proximity in the layout corresponds to similarity in atgribute, leading to easiness in locating similar groups of nodes. The projection based on connectivity yields an initial placement that forgoes force-based or graph analysis algorithm, reaching a meaningful layout in one pass. When a force algorithm is then applied to this initial mapping, the final layout presents better properties than conventional force-based approaches. Numerical evaluations show a number of advantages of pre-mapping points via projections. User evaluation demonstrates that these tools promote ease of manipulation as well as fast identification of concepts and associations which cannot be easily expressed by conventional graph visualization alone. In order to allow better space usage for complex networks, a graph mapping on the surface of a sphere is also implemented.
基金The research leading to these results has partially received funding from the European Commission's H2020 Programme under the grant agreement numbers 958363(Dat4.ZERO)958357(InterQ).
文摘Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Systems involving sensors, actuators and distributed control loop is of paramount importance but very difficult to address. Security patterns consist of domain-independent time-proven security knowledge and expertise. How are they useful for developing secure IoT-based smart systems? Are there architectures that support IoT security? We aim to systematically review the research work published on patterns and architectures for IoT security (and privacy). Then, we want to provide an analysis on that research landscape to answer our research questions. We follow the well-known guidelines for conducting systematic literature reviews. From thousands of candidate papers initially found in our search process, we have systematically distinguished and analyzed thirty-six (36) papers that have been peer-reviewed and published around patterns and architectures for IoT security and privacy in the last decade (January 2010–December 2020). Our analysis shows that there is a rise in the number of publications tending to patterns and architectures for IoT security in the last three years. We have not seen any approach of applying systematically architectures and patterns together that can address security (and privacy) concerns not only at the architectural level, but also at the network or IoT devices level. We also explored how the research contributions in the primary studies handle the different issues from the OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) top ten vulnerabilities list. Finally, we discuss the current gaps in this research area and how to fill in the gaps for promoting the utilization of patterns for IoT security and privacy by design.
基金supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young scientists(21025207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20975092)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Y4100020)
文摘The dissociation chemistry of primary fragment ions from the protonated proline-containing tripeptides glycylprolylglycine,prolylglycylglycine,and prolylprolylglycine was investigated by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry.Calcula-tions showed the a 2 ions generated from b 2 ions were cyclic,which is energetically more favorable than the linear form.The prolyl residue in the structure affected the energy hypersurface of the dissociation reaction from the b 2 ion to the a 2 ion.In the fragmen-tation of a 2 ions,the iminium-imine complex corresponding to loss of CO from the a 2 ion was suggested to be an ion-neutral com-plex (INC).The a 1 ion was generated from direct separation of this INC,and the internal iminium ion,which was absent in PGG,was generated from another INC that was formed from the first INC via proton-bridged complex-mediated intramolecular proton transfer.Although these intermediates are unstable,their existence is supported by experiments and density functional theory calculations.
文摘While novel artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are evolving and disrupting established terrestrial technologies at an unprecedented speed,their adaptation onboard satellites is seemingly lagging.A major hindrance in this regard is the need for highquality annotated data for training such systems,which makes the development process of machine learning solutions costly,time-consuming,and inefficient.This paper presents“the OPS-SAT case”,a novel data-centric competition that seeks to address these challenges.The powerful computational capabilities of the European Space Agency’s OPS-SAT satellite are utilized to showcase the design of machine learning systems for space by using only the small amount of available labeled data,relying on the widely adopted and freely available open-source software.The generation of a suitable dataset,design and evaluation of a public data-centric competition,and results of an onboard experimental campaign by using the competition winners’machine learning model directly on OPS-SAT are detailed.The results indicate that adoption of open standards and deployment of advanced data augmentation techniques can retrieve meaningful onboard results comparatively quickly,simplifying and expediting an otherwise prolonged development period.
