Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stim...Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stimulation by signal factors and/or growth factors,organoids self-assemble to replicate the morphological and structural characteristics of the corresponding organs.They provide an extraordinary platform for investigating organ development and mimicking pathological processes.Organoid biobanks derived from a wide range of carcinomas have been established to represent different lesions or stages of clinical tumors.Importantly,genomic and transcriptomic analyses have confirmed maintenance of intra-and interpatient heterogeneities in organoids.Therefore,this technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine.In this review,we summarized the characteristics and applications of organoids in cancer research by the establishment of organoid biobanks directly from tumor organoids or from genetically modified non-cancerous organoids.We also analyzed the current state of organoid applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.展开更多
Somatic stem cells （SSCs）, being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are i...Somatic stem cells （SSCs）, being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are ideal cellular targets to be acquired in multiple mutations transforming SSCs to cancer stem cells （CSCs） which cause malignancies and even recurrence after cancer treatment if CSCs fail to be eradicated （1）.展开更多
学会主办期刊是学会及科技工作者交流的平台,因此学会期刊与学会必须实现积极互动,实现"双赢"。《Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research》是中国抗癌协会官方英文刊物,创刊以来与中国抗癌协会利用各种途径,实现了期刊服务...学会主办期刊是学会及科技工作者交流的平台,因此学会期刊与学会必须实现积极互动,实现"双赢"。《Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research》是中国抗癌协会官方英文刊物,创刊以来与中国抗癌协会利用各种途径,实现了期刊服务学会、学会支持期刊的良好局面。通过这一办刊模式,实践了学会期刊的"可持续发展"。展开更多
[目的]分析并比较《中国癌症研究》英文版（Chinese Journal of Cancer Research,CJCR）与同领域国际期刊Cancer Research、Cancer Science存在的差异,探索英语非母语国家创办英文科技期刊存在的问题,为CJCR的国际化发展提供借鉴。[方法...[目的]分析并比较《中国癌症研究》英文版（Chinese Journal of Cancer Research,CJCR）与同领域国际期刊Cancer Research、Cancer Science存在的差异,探索英语非母语国家创办英文科技期刊存在的问题,为CJCR的国际化发展提供借鉴。[方法]基于Web of Science数据统计源,统计了Cancer Research、Cancer Science 2014~2017年的载文量、文章引用以及被引频次排名前10的文章作者分布情况。在此基础上对两本期刊在稿源、出版周期、期刊刊名和出版平台等方面进行了对比分析。[结果]作为英语非母语国家创办的英文期刊,CJCR与国际一流期刊相比,在优质稿源、期刊刊期、刊名国际化以及办刊模式等反映期刊整体发展水平方面存在很大差距。[结论]为加快发展步伐,CJCR应学习国际优秀期刊的办刊经验,找到适合自身发展的办刊之路,不断提高CJCR在肿瘤领域英文科技期刊中的影响力和竞争力。展开更多
The Szent-Gyrgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the Unite...The Szent-Gyrgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting innovative cancer research on the global scale that aims to cure cancer. Each year, the Szent-Gyrgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher whose original discoveries have expanded our understanding of cancer and resulted in notable advances in cancer prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. The prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments. This report highlights the history and mission of the Szent-Gyrgyi Prize, its role in promoting discovery-oriented cancer research, and the pioneering work led by the 2014 prize winner, Dr. James Allison. Dr. Allison's work in the area of cancer immunotherapy led to the successful development of immune checkpoint therapy, and the first drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.展开更多
The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the Unit...The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting scientific research and public education relating to the prevention,early diagnosis,better treatments,and ultimately,a cure for cancer.Each year,the Szent-Gyorgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher,nominated by colleagues or peers,who has contributed outstanding,significant research to the fight against cancer,and whose accomplishments have helped improve treatment options for cancer patients.The Prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments.This report highlights the pioneering work led by the 2015 Prize winner,Dr.Frederick Alt.Dr.Alt's work in the area of cancer genetics over four decades has helped to shape the very roots of modern cancer research.His work continues to profoundly impact the approaches that doctors around the globe use to diagnose and treat cancer.In particular,his seminal discoveries of gene amplification and his pioneering work on molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair have helped to usher in the era of genetically targeted therapy and personalized medicine.展开更多
To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have...To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.Since 2010,10 young Chinese researchers and physicians have received the award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished while in the展开更多
The identification of the origin and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer(PCa)has crucial implications for personalized treatment.The development of effective treatments for PCa has been limited;however,the re...The identification of the origin and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer(PCa)has crucial implications for personalized treatment.The development of effective treatments for PCa has been limited;however,the recent establishment of several transgenicmouse lines and/or xenografting models is better reflecting the disease in vivo.With appropriate models,valuable tools for elucidating the functions of specific genes have gone deep into prostate development and carcinogenesis.In the present review,we summarize a number of important PCa research models established in our laboratories(PSA-Cre-ERT2/PTEN transgenic mouse models,AP-OX model,tissue recombination-xenografting models and PDX models),which represent advances of translational models from transgenic mouse lines to human tumor xenografting.Better understanding of the developments of these models will offer new insights into tumor progression and may help explain the functional significance of genetic variations in PCa.Additionally,this understanding could lead to new modes for curing PCa based on their particular biological phenotypes.展开更多
To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have...To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.From 2010 to 2013,14 young展开更多
This review is aimed at presenting some of the recent developments in translational cancer imaging research,with a focus on novel,recently established,or soon to be established cross-sectional imaging techniques for c...This review is aimed at presenting some of the recent developments in translational cancer imaging research,with a focus on novel,recently established,or soon to be established cross-sectional imaging techniques for computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron-emission tomography(PET)imaging,including computational investigations based on machine-learning techniques.展开更多
This issue of Cancer Biology & Medicine, a premium Chinese international scientific journal in this field, focuses on cooperation between Chinese and German cancer research, particularly between the Tianjin Medica...This issue of Cancer Biology & Medicine, a premium Chinese international scientific journal in this field, focuses on cooperation between Chinese and German cancer research, particularly between the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital and the German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ) with its networking partners. This editorial provides a brief overview on DKFZ’s research strategy with a focus on how a national integrated cancer research and care ecosystem is evolving that benefits patients and society.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study evaluated ...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study evaluated the difference in operative and clinica</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l outc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">omes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after primary debulking</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> surgery (PDS) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debul</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">king surgery (IDS) in Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Sixty patients with a</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dvanced epit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">helial ovarian cancer presenting to the department of Gynaecologi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal Oncology at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital were prospectively enrolled. Thirty patients underwent primary debulking surgery and thirty patients received NACT followed by IDS. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In the PDS and IDS groups respectively, 56.7% and 50% of patients presented with stage IIIC and 67.7% and 56.7% respectively had ser</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ous papillary type histopathology. Duration of surgery, amount of blood loss and total hospital stay were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in IDS group than </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the PDS group. There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative tumor residuals between IDS and PDS patients. Complete tumor resection (R0) was obtained in 24 (80%) of IDS patients versus 13 (43.3%) PDS patients. In fifteen months of follow-up, 21 (70%) in the PDS group and 5 (16.7%) in the IDS group recurred (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.021). Median progression free survival in PDS patients was twelve months while that of the IDS group was seventeen months. There was one death at 45 days in the PDS group. No other deaths were documented at fifteen months of follow-up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Interval debulking surgery has a more favorable outcome than primary debulking surgery on progression free survival in advanced ovarian cancer patients </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">permits a less aggressive surgery to be performed in Bangladesh.</span></span></span>展开更多
Objective:To determine whether immunotherapy can bring new hope for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer(LS-SCLC).We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether immunotherapy can achieve bette...Objective:To determine whether immunotherapy can bring new hope for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer(LS-SCLC).We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether immunotherapy can achieve better efficacy in LS-SCLC patients.Methods:We evaluated 122 LS-SCLC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)or sequential chemoradiotherapy(SCRT)(Group A)and immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT followed by immunotherapy(Group B),to assess the objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and progression-free survival(PFS).Factors affecting prognosis were also explored using Cox analysis.The prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with different TNM stages was compared to guide the selection of clinical regimens.Results:The overall ORR was 55.93%.The overall DCR was 98.31%.The DCR was 100%in Group A and 96.61%in Group B.There was no statistical difference in ORR and DCR.The overall median PFS was 9.86 months(95%CI,8.62-11.10),and the difference in median PFS between the two groups was statistically significant(8.94 vs.11.89 months,p=0.03).The Cox regression analysis showed type 2 diabetes was associated with the survival prognosis.Patients with type 2 diabetes tended to choose immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT.Patients in TNM stage IIIB had a significantly worse prognosis than those in stage I+II+IIIA.Conclusion:We suggest that LS-SCLC patients who receive immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT can achieve longer PFS than those with CCRT/SCRT.Type 2 diabetes and TNM stage affect the survival prognosis.Patients with type 2 diabetes may benefit from immunotherapy combination treatments.展开更多
Objectives:The PACIFIC trial established the benefit of durvalumab following chemo-radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,the concurrent use of radiotherapy(RT)and durvalumab(PACIFIC-2 tr...Objectives:The PACIFIC trial established the benefit of durvalumab following chemo-radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,the concurrent use of radiotherapy(RT)and durvalumab(PACIFIC-2 trial)showed no additional advantage.The PD-RAD study was set up to understand the immunological effects of RT on the tumor microenvironment(TME)to aid in optimizing sequencing of combination therapies.Methods:The PD-RAD trial(ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03258788)aimed to enroll thirty NSCLC patients receiving radical-intent RT.Tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected pre-RT and at week 2 during RT and analyzed using multiplex immunohistochemistry(mIHC)and high-dimensional mass cytometry(CyTOF),respectively.Results:Paired biopsies were collected from only three patients(Pts 1,3&4)and blood from four patients(Pts 1-4)before the study was closed early during the COVID-19 pandemic.Programmed Death-Ligand 1(PD-L1)expression in the TME was raised in Patient 1,who responded well to treatment,and unaltered in two patients with progressive disease.CyTOF analysis revealed elevated circulating classical monocytes,highest in the patient with a good response.Conclusions:This study underscores the challenges of integrating advanced immune monitoring during RT delivery and did not meet its primary endpoint.The hypothesis-generating findings highlight PD-L1+macrophages in the TME and classical monocytes in the blood as potential immune biomarkers of RT response,but larger studies are needed to validate these observations and characterize the immune changes following curative-intent RT in patients with NSCLC.展开更多
Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately m...Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately mark the primary breast tumor and positive axillary lymph nodes(ALNs)prior to NAT to ensure precise surgical excision,guide axillary downstaging,and guarantee reliable lesion retrieval for pathologic evaluation3.The false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after NAT can be reduced to<10%by applying modalities,such as the identification of≥3 sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with dual-mapping techniques or removal of the marked lymph node with target axillary dissection(TAD)according to the ASCO,NCCN,and CBCS guidelines3-5.However,there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methods and materials for accurate marking6,7.Conventional techniques include clip placement,guidewire localization,and carbon or ink tattooing,whereas wireless technologies,such as MagseedR,radiofrequency identification tags,SAVI SCOUTR,and radioactive iodine-125(125I)seeds,have also been adopted.Traditional marking techniques have a localization failure rate of approximately 10%.In contrast,the use of 125I seeds(with a radiation dose of 0.1-0.3 mCi)has significantly improved localization accuracy8,9.Nevertheless,owing to radioactive properties,concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of 125I seed marking on assessing the pathologic complete response(pCR)after NAT10.Moreover,whether the influence of 125I seed marking on pCR could lead to suboptimal adjuvant treatment decisions and potentially compromise long-term oncologic outcomes has not been established.To investigate the potential impact of 125I seed placement on the pCR rate and long-term outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving NAT,we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matching(PSM).展开更多
Background:Glioblastoma(GBM)prognosis has seen little improvement over the past two decades.While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment,its impact on GBM remains limited.To characterize the evolving resear...Background:Glioblastoma(GBM)prognosis has seen little improvement over the past two decades.While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment,its impact on GBM remains limited.To characterize the evolving research landscape and identify future directions in GBM immunotherapy,we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric review.Methods:All literature related to immunotherapy in GBM from 1999 to 2024 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection.CtieSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualize the data.Results:Bibliometric analysis identified 5038 publications authored by 23,335 researchers from 4699 institutions across 96 countries/regions,published in 945 journals.The United States produced the highest number of publications,while Switzerland achieved the highest average citation rate.Duke University led in institutional output and citations.John H Sampson was the most productive author,and Roger Stupp was the most cited.Frontiers in Immunology published the most papers,while Clinical Cancer Research was the most cited journal.Research focus centered on adoptive T cell therapy,particularly chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells with 572 dedicated publications.Within CAR-T research for GBM,the University of Pennsylvania was the leading institution,Frontiers in Immunology the predominant journal,and Christine E Brown(City of Hope National Medical Center)was the most prolific and cited author.Conclusions:There has been a growing interest in GBM immunotherapy over past decades.The United States is the dominant contributor.CAR-T therapy represents the primary research focus.Emerging strategies like chimeric antigen receptor-modified natural killer(CAR-NK)cells,chimeric antigen receptor-engineered macrophages(CAR-M),and cytomegalovirus-specific T cell receptor(CMV-TCR)T cells are gaining prominence,aiming to address limitations in antigen recognition inherent to CAR-T therapy for GBM.展开更多
Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated signi...Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated significant interest as a potential biomarker for use in early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.We reviewed the literature surrounding PSMA and its current clinical applications in diagnosing and managing early prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate and local lymph nodes.A search on PubMed,Medline,and Web of Science was performed using the following keywords:“PSMA”,“Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen”,“Prostate cancer”,“Biomarker”,“Diagnosis”.We considered all available articles relevant to the topic of PSMA as a biomarker in early prostate cancer when developing this narrative review.Key articles assessing the biology of PSMA,as well as its use as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in early prostate cancer,were assessed.The role of PSMA PET as a potential diagnostic and risk stratification tool was assessed.The current use of antibody-drug conjugates and radioligand therapy targeting PSMA was assessed,along with any current evidence to support their use in early prostate cancer.PSMA is heavily expressed throughout the early stages of prostate cancer,and this has significant therapeutic implications.There is a growing body of evidence that shows PSMA PET can play a role in the diagnosis,risk stratification,and prognostication of localised prostate cancer.PSMA-targeted therapies such as Lu-177 currently do not have any proven benefit in treating early prostate cancer;however,this remains an area of ongoing research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,the prognosis of patients with advanced GC remains poor.AIM To evaluate the combined expression characteristics...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,the prognosis of patients with advanced GC remains poor.AIM To evaluate the combined expression characteristics of cancer stem cell markers CD24 and CD133 in GC pathological tissues,and to explore their association with patients’clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival outcomes.METHODS A total of 304 GC patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively included.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of CD24 and CD133 in tumor tissues,adjacent tissues,and normal gastric mucosa tissues.Based on staining intensity and the proportion of positive cells,expression levels were classified into low and high expression,while clinicopathological parameters were recorded.χ2 test was used to evaluate the correlation between expression and categorical variables,Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the expression intensities of the two markers,and multivariate regression models were applied to identify independent risk factors influencing co-expression.Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test were used to compare survival differences among groups with different expression patterns.RESULTS Among the 304 patients,155 cases(50.99%)were CD24 positive,including 91 low-expression and 64 highexpression;133 cases(43.75%)were CD133 positive,including 81 low-expression and 52 high-expression.There were 74 cases(24.34%)with double positivity and 81 cases(26.64%)with double negativity.Compared with tumor tissues,the positive rates of CD24 and CD133 in normal gastric tissues and adjacent tissues were significantly lower(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that co-expression of CD24 and CD133 in GC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size,Lauren classification,T stage,N stage,and vascular invasion(P<0.05),but not with patient age,gender,tumor site,World Health Organization histological classification,or M stage(P>0.05).Further multivariate regression analysis suggested that tumor size,T stage,N stage,and vascular invasion were independent risk factors promoting CD24 and CD133 double positivity.Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between their expression intensities(r=0.420,P<0.001).During follow-up,29 of 304 patients were lost(loss rate 9.54%);146 deaths occurred.According to expression combination,there were 89 cases of CD24 single positivity(39 deaths),68 cases of CD133 single positivity(31 deaths),81 cases of double negativity(25 deaths),and 66 cases of double positivity(51 deaths).Log-rank test showed significant differences in overall survival among the four groups(χ2=20.89,P<0.001),with CD24+/CD133+group showing the worst prognosis.CONCLUSION CD24 and CD133 exhibit high positive detection rates in GC tissues,and their co-positivity is closely associated with tumor stage progression and significantly indicates unfavorable survival outcomes.The co-expression of CD24/CD133 may reflect higher aggressiveness and metastatic potential of GC,serving as a potential prognostic marker and a direction for targeted therapeutic strategies.However,as this is a single-center retrospective study with limitations such as patient loss to follow-up and sample size,further prospective,multicenter,and mechanistic studies are required to validate its clinical applicability and biological role.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men,largely due to therapy resistance and metastatic progression.Increasing evidence highlights the tumor microenvironment(TME),particularly can...Prostate cancer(PCa)remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men,largely due to therapy resistance and metastatic progression.Increasing evidence highlights the tumor microenvironment(TME),particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),as a critical determinant of disease behavior.CAFs constitute a heterogeneous population originating from fibroblasts,mesenchymal stem cells,endothelial cells,epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and adipose tissue.Through dynamic crosstalk with tumor,immune,endothelial,and adipocyte compartments,CAFs orchestrate oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation,invasion,immune evasion,extracellular matrix remodeling,angiogenesis,and metabolic reprogramming.This review comprehensively summarizes the cellular origins,phenotypic and functional heterogeneity,and spatial distribution of CAFs within the prostate TME.We further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CAFs regulate PCa progression and therapeutic resistance,and critically evaluate emerging strategies to therapeutically target CAFmediated signaling,metabolic,and immune pathways.By integrating recent advances from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics(ST),our objective is to provide a holistic framework for understanding CAF biology and to highlight potential avenues for stromal reprogramming as an adjunct to current PCa therapies.展开更多
Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study a...Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with LARC undergoing robotic-assisted surgery and to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 252 patients with LARC who were treated at a single medical center in Taiwan between January 2012 and January 2023.All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by robotic-assisted surgery with total mesorectal excision(TME).Patients were stratified into four groups on the basis of pretreatment NLRs and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic indicators for overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:Patients with a pretreatment NLR of≥3.2 exhibited significantly worse OS and DFS compared with those with an NLR of<3.2(OS:94.4 vs.116.5 months,p=0.001;DFS:78.8 vs.101.7 months,p=0.003).Group A exhibited the poorest prognosis,whereas Group D had the most favorable outcomes.Multivariate analysis revealed NLR≥3.2 as an independent predictor of poor OS(hazard ratio[HR]=2.306,95%CI:1.149-3.747;p=0.001)and DFS(HR=2.055,95%CI:1.341-3.148;p=0.001).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant concurrent CRT followed by robotic-assisted TME is an effective treatment strategy for LARC.A higher pretreatment NLR(≥3.2)independently predicted worse OS and DFS.Stratification using the NLR in combination with CEA levels may enhance prognostic accuracy for patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery for LARC.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31671421,82030079,and 82003187).
文摘Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and adult stem cells.They are capable of cell proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.Upon stimulation by signal factors and/or growth factors,organoids self-assemble to replicate the morphological and structural characteristics of the corresponding organs.They provide an extraordinary platform for investigating organ development and mimicking pathological processes.Organoid biobanks derived from a wide range of carcinomas have been established to represent different lesions or stages of clinical tumors.Importantly,genomic and transcriptomic analyses have confirmed maintenance of intra-and interpatient heterogeneities in organoids.Therefore,this technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine.In this review,we summarized the characteristics and applications of organoids in cancer research by the establishment of organoid biobanks directly from tumor organoids or from genetically modified non-cancerous organoids.We also analyzed the current state of organoid applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.
文摘Somatic stem cells （SSCs）, being essential in maintaining homeostasis of normal tissue, replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues for organism. On the other hand, with the self-renewed ability, SSCs are ideal cellular targets to be acquired in multiple mutations transforming SSCs to cancer stem cells （CSCs） which cause malignancies and even recurrence after cancer treatment if CSCs fail to be eradicated （1）.
文摘学会主办期刊是学会及科技工作者交流的平台,因此学会期刊与学会必须实现积极互动,实现"双赢"。《Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research》是中国抗癌协会官方英文刊物,创刊以来与中国抗癌协会利用各种途径,实现了期刊服务学会、学会支持期刊的良好局面。通过这一办刊模式,实践了学会期刊的"可持续发展"。
文摘[目的]分析并比较《中国癌症研究》英文版（Chinese Journal of Cancer Research,CJCR）与同领域国际期刊Cancer Research、Cancer Science存在的差异,探索英语非母语国家创办英文科技期刊存在的问题,为CJCR的国际化发展提供借鉴。[方法]基于Web of Science数据统计源,统计了Cancer Research、Cancer Science 2014~2017年的载文量、文章引用以及被引频次排名前10的文章作者分布情况。在此基础上对两本期刊在稿源、出版周期、期刊刊名和出版平台等方面进行了对比分析。[结果]作为英语非母语国家创办的英文期刊,CJCR与国际一流期刊相比,在优质稿源、期刊刊期、刊名国际化以及办刊模式等反映期刊整体发展水平方面存在很大差距。[结论]为加快发展步伐,CJCR应学习国际优秀期刊的办刊经验,找到适合自身发展的办刊之路,不断提高CJCR在肿瘤领域英文科技期刊中的影响力和竞争力。
文摘The Szent-Gyrgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting innovative cancer research on the global scale that aims to cure cancer. Each year, the Szent-Gyrgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher whose original discoveries have expanded our understanding of cancer and resulted in notable advances in cancer prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. The prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments. This report highlights the history and mission of the Szent-Gyrgyi Prize, its role in promoting discovery-oriented cancer research, and the pioneering work led by the 2014 prize winner, Dr. James Allison. Dr. Allison's work in the area of cancer immunotherapy led to the successful development of immune checkpoint therapy, and the first drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
文摘The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting scientific research and public education relating to the prevention,early diagnosis,better treatments,and ultimately,a cure for cancer.Each year,the Szent-Gyorgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher,nominated by colleagues or peers,who has contributed outstanding,significant research to the fight against cancer,and whose accomplishments have helped improve treatment options for cancer patients.The Prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments.This report highlights the pioneering work led by the 2015 Prize winner,Dr.Frederick Alt.Dr.Alt's work in the area of cancer genetics over four decades has helped to shape the very roots of modern cancer research.His work continues to profoundly impact the approaches that doctors around the globe use to diagnose and treat cancer.In particular,his seminal discoveries of gene amplification and his pioneering work on molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair have helped to usher in the era of genetically targeted therapy and personalized medicine.
文摘To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.Since 2010,10 young Chinese researchers and physicians have received the award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished while in the
基金The study was supported by funding from the NIDDK(DK098277)to Douglas W.Strandfrom the National Nature Scientific Foundation of China(NSFC No.81372772)to Dr.Ming Jiang,the Scientific Research Foundation for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor(Sujiaoshi[2012]No.34),to Dr.Ming Jiang,Department of Education in Jiangsu Province,China and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China.
文摘The identification of the origin and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer(PCa)has crucial implications for personalized treatment.The development of effective treatments for PCa has been limited;however,the recent establishment of several transgenicmouse lines and/or xenografting models is better reflecting the disease in vivo.With appropriate models,valuable tools for elucidating the functions of specific genes have gone deep into prostate development and carcinogenesis.In the present review,we summarize a number of important PCa research models established in our laboratories(PSA-Cre-ERT2/PTEN transgenic mouse models,AP-OX model,tissue recombination-xenografting models and PDX models),which represent advances of translational models from transgenic mouse lines to human tumor xenografting.Better understanding of the developments of these models will offer new insights into tumor progression and may help explain the functional significance of genetic variations in PCa.Additionally,this understanding could lead to new modes for curing PCa based on their particular biological phenotypes.
文摘To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.From 2010 to 2013,14 young
文摘This review is aimed at presenting some of the recent developments in translational cancer imaging research,with a focus on novel,recently established,or soon to be established cross-sectional imaging techniques for computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron-emission tomography(PET)imaging,including computational investigations based on machine-learning techniques.
文摘This issue of Cancer Biology & Medicine, a premium Chinese international scientific journal in this field, focuses on cooperation between Chinese and German cancer research, particularly between the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital and the German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ) with its networking partners. This editorial provides a brief overview on DKFZ’s research strategy with a focus on how a national integrated cancer research and care ecosystem is evolving that benefits patients and society.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study evaluated the difference in operative and clinica</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l outc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">omes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after primary debulking</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> surgery (PDS) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debul</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">king surgery (IDS) in Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Sixty patients with a</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dvanced epit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">helial ovarian cancer presenting to the department of Gynaecologi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal Oncology at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital were prospectively enrolled. Thirty patients underwent primary debulking surgery and thirty patients received NACT followed by IDS. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In the PDS and IDS groups respectively, 56.7% and 50% of patients presented with stage IIIC and 67.7% and 56.7% respectively had ser</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ous papillary type histopathology. Duration of surgery, amount of blood loss and total hospital stay were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in IDS group than </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the PDS group. There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative tumor residuals between IDS and PDS patients. Complete tumor resection (R0) was obtained in 24 (80%) of IDS patients versus 13 (43.3%) PDS patients. In fifteen months of follow-up, 21 (70%) in the PDS group and 5 (16.7%) in the IDS group recurred (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.021). Median progression free survival in PDS patients was twelve months while that of the IDS group was seventeen months. There was one death at 45 days in the PDS group. No other deaths were documented at fifteen months of follow-up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Interval debulking surgery has a more favorable outcome than primary debulking surgery on progression free survival in advanced ovarian cancer patients </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">permits a less aggressive surgery to be performed in Bangladesh.</span></span></span>
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82273162)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82203272)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing Medical University(grant NMUB20240119)。
文摘Objective:To determine whether immunotherapy can bring new hope for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer(LS-SCLC).We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether immunotherapy can achieve better efficacy in LS-SCLC patients.Methods:We evaluated 122 LS-SCLC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)or sequential chemoradiotherapy(SCRT)(Group A)and immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT followed by immunotherapy(Group B),to assess the objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and progression-free survival(PFS).Factors affecting prognosis were also explored using Cox analysis.The prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes and patients with different TNM stages was compared to guide the selection of clinical regimens.Results:The overall ORR was 55.93%.The overall DCR was 98.31%.The DCR was 100%in Group A and 96.61%in Group B.There was no statistical difference in ORR and DCR.The overall median PFS was 9.86 months(95%CI,8.62-11.10),and the difference in median PFS between the two groups was statistically significant(8.94 vs.11.89 months,p=0.03).The Cox regression analysis showed type 2 diabetes was associated with the survival prognosis.Patients with type 2 diabetes tended to choose immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT.Patients in TNM stage IIIB had a significantly worse prognosis than those in stage I+II+IIIA.Conclusion:We suggest that LS-SCLC patients who receive immunotherapy combined with CCRT/SCRT can achieve longer PFS than those with CCRT/SCRT.Type 2 diabetes and TNM stage affect the survival prognosis.Patients with type 2 diabetes may benefit from immunotherapy combination treatments.
基金the National Institute for Health and Care Research(NHR)Manchester Biomedical Research Centre(BRC)(NIHR203308,NIHR-BRC-1215-20007)Astra-Zeneca(ESR-14-10711)+2 种基金CRUK RadNet(C19941/A27801)TMI and CFF are the recipient of an NIHR Senior Investigator Award(NIHR205054 and NIHR205061)CTH is supported by the NIHR University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust BRC,the City of London CRUK RadNet and the CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence.
文摘Objectives:The PACIFIC trial established the benefit of durvalumab following chemo-radiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,the concurrent use of radiotherapy(RT)and durvalumab(PACIFIC-2 trial)showed no additional advantage.The PD-RAD study was set up to understand the immunological effects of RT on the tumor microenvironment(TME)to aid in optimizing sequencing of combination therapies.Methods:The PD-RAD trial(ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03258788)aimed to enroll thirty NSCLC patients receiving radical-intent RT.Tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected pre-RT and at week 2 during RT and analyzed using multiplex immunohistochemistry(mIHC)and high-dimensional mass cytometry(CyTOF),respectively.Results:Paired biopsies were collected from only three patients(Pts 1,3&4)and blood from four patients(Pts 1-4)before the study was closed early during the COVID-19 pandemic.Programmed Death-Ligand 1(PD-L1)expression in the TME was raised in Patient 1,who responded well to treatment,and unaltered in two patients with progressive disease.CyTOF analysis revealed elevated circulating classical monocytes,highest in the patient with a good response.Conclusions:This study underscores the challenges of integrating advanced immune monitoring during RT delivery and did not meet its primary endpoint.The hypothesis-generating findings highlight PD-L1+macrophages in the TME and classical monocytes in the blood as potential immune biomarkers of RT response,but larger studies are needed to validate these observations and characterize the immune changes following curative-intent RT in patients with NSCLC.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82573747,82172873,W2421095,and 82503888)National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD0543900)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2024LMB011 and ZR2024QH058)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202211337)Collaborative Academic Innovation Project of Shandong Cancer Hospital(Grant No.GF003).
文摘Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately mark the primary breast tumor and positive axillary lymph nodes(ALNs)prior to NAT to ensure precise surgical excision,guide axillary downstaging,and guarantee reliable lesion retrieval for pathologic evaluation3.The false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after NAT can be reduced to<10%by applying modalities,such as the identification of≥3 sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with dual-mapping techniques or removal of the marked lymph node with target axillary dissection(TAD)according to the ASCO,NCCN,and CBCS guidelines3-5.However,there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methods and materials for accurate marking6,7.Conventional techniques include clip placement,guidewire localization,and carbon or ink tattooing,whereas wireless technologies,such as MagseedR,radiofrequency identification tags,SAVI SCOUTR,and radioactive iodine-125(125I)seeds,have also been adopted.Traditional marking techniques have a localization failure rate of approximately 10%.In contrast,the use of 125I seeds(with a radiation dose of 0.1-0.3 mCi)has significantly improved localization accuracy8,9.Nevertheless,owing to radioactive properties,concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of 125I seed marking on assessing the pathologic complete response(pCR)after NAT10.Moreover,whether the influence of 125I seed marking on pCR could lead to suboptimal adjuvant treatment decisions and potentially compromise long-term oncologic outcomes has not been established.To investigate the potential impact of 125I seed placement on the pCR rate and long-term outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving NAT,we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matching(PSM).
基金supported by Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province(2024DK2006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(1053320221769)+2 种基金Hunan Provincial Respiratory Disease Rehabilitation and Nursing Engineering Research Center Innovation Capacity Building Project(No.202012)the Zhangjiajie Science and Technology Development Key Special Project(No.202304)the National Key Clinical Specialty Major Scientific Research Project(No.20230382).
文摘Background:Glioblastoma(GBM)prognosis has seen little improvement over the past two decades.While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment,its impact on GBM remains limited.To characterize the evolving research landscape and identify future directions in GBM immunotherapy,we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric review.Methods:All literature related to immunotherapy in GBM from 1999 to 2024 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection.CtieSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualize the data.Results:Bibliometric analysis identified 5038 publications authored by 23,335 researchers from 4699 institutions across 96 countries/regions,published in 945 journals.The United States produced the highest number of publications,while Switzerland achieved the highest average citation rate.Duke University led in institutional output and citations.John H Sampson was the most productive author,and Roger Stupp was the most cited.Frontiers in Immunology published the most papers,while Clinical Cancer Research was the most cited journal.Research focus centered on adoptive T cell therapy,particularly chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells with 572 dedicated publications.Within CAR-T research for GBM,the University of Pennsylvania was the leading institution,Frontiers in Immunology the predominant journal,and Christine E Brown(City of Hope National Medical Center)was the most prolific and cited author.Conclusions:There has been a growing interest in GBM immunotherapy over past decades.The United States is the dominant contributor.CAR-T therapy represents the primary research focus.Emerging strategies like chimeric antigen receptor-modified natural killer(CAR-NK)cells,chimeric antigen receptor-engineered macrophages(CAR-M),and cytomegalovirus-specific T cell receptor(CMV-TCR)T cells are gaining prominence,aiming to address limitations in antigen recognition inherent to CAR-T therapy for GBM.
文摘Prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)is a surface membrane antigen that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer,with heterogenous expression throughout the natural history of the disease.This has generated significant interest as a potential biomarker for use in early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.We reviewed the literature surrounding PSMA and its current clinical applications in diagnosing and managing early prostate cancer that is confined to the prostate and local lymph nodes.A search on PubMed,Medline,and Web of Science was performed using the following keywords:“PSMA”,“Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen”,“Prostate cancer”,“Biomarker”,“Diagnosis”.We considered all available articles relevant to the topic of PSMA as a biomarker in early prostate cancer when developing this narrative review.Key articles assessing the biology of PSMA,as well as its use as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in early prostate cancer,were assessed.The role of PSMA PET as a potential diagnostic and risk stratification tool was assessed.The current use of antibody-drug conjugates and radioligand therapy targeting PSMA was assessed,along with any current evidence to support their use in early prostate cancer.PSMA is heavily expressed throughout the early stages of prostate cancer,and this has significant therapeutic implications.There is a growing body of evidence that shows PSMA PET can play a role in the diagnosis,risk stratification,and prognostication of localised prostate cancer.PSMA-targeted therapies such as Lu-177 currently do not have any proven benefit in treating early prostate cancer;however,this remains an area of ongoing research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82003223and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2020M671398.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide,the prognosis of patients with advanced GC remains poor.AIM To evaluate the combined expression characteristics of cancer stem cell markers CD24 and CD133 in GC pathological tissues,and to explore their association with patients’clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival outcomes.METHODS A total of 304 GC patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively included.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of CD24 and CD133 in tumor tissues,adjacent tissues,and normal gastric mucosa tissues.Based on staining intensity and the proportion of positive cells,expression levels were classified into low and high expression,while clinicopathological parameters were recorded.χ2 test was used to evaluate the correlation between expression and categorical variables,Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the expression intensities of the two markers,and multivariate regression models were applied to identify independent risk factors influencing co-expression.Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test were used to compare survival differences among groups with different expression patterns.RESULTS Among the 304 patients,155 cases(50.99%)were CD24 positive,including 91 low-expression and 64 highexpression;133 cases(43.75%)were CD133 positive,including 81 low-expression and 52 high-expression.There were 74 cases(24.34%)with double positivity and 81 cases(26.64%)with double negativity.Compared with tumor tissues,the positive rates of CD24 and CD133 in normal gastric tissues and adjacent tissues were significantly lower(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that co-expression of CD24 and CD133 in GC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size,Lauren classification,T stage,N stage,and vascular invasion(P<0.05),but not with patient age,gender,tumor site,World Health Organization histological classification,or M stage(P>0.05).Further multivariate regression analysis suggested that tumor size,T stage,N stage,and vascular invasion were independent risk factors promoting CD24 and CD133 double positivity.Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between their expression intensities(r=0.420,P<0.001).During follow-up,29 of 304 patients were lost(loss rate 9.54%);146 deaths occurred.According to expression combination,there were 89 cases of CD24 single positivity(39 deaths),68 cases of CD133 single positivity(31 deaths),81 cases of double negativity(25 deaths),and 66 cases of double positivity(51 deaths).Log-rank test showed significant differences in overall survival among the four groups(χ2=20.89,P<0.001),with CD24+/CD133+group showing the worst prognosis.CONCLUSION CD24 and CD133 exhibit high positive detection rates in GC tissues,and their co-positivity is closely associated with tumor stage progression and significantly indicates unfavorable survival outcomes.The co-expression of CD24/CD133 may reflect higher aggressiveness and metastatic potential of GC,serving as a potential prognostic marker and a direction for targeted therapeutic strategies.However,as this is a single-center retrospective study with limitations such as patient loss to follow-up and sample size,further prospective,multicenter,and mechanistic studies are required to validate its clinical applicability and biological role.
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men,largely due to therapy resistance and metastatic progression.Increasing evidence highlights the tumor microenvironment(TME),particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),as a critical determinant of disease behavior.CAFs constitute a heterogeneous population originating from fibroblasts,mesenchymal stem cells,endothelial cells,epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and adipose tissue.Through dynamic crosstalk with tumor,immune,endothelial,and adipocyte compartments,CAFs orchestrate oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation,invasion,immune evasion,extracellular matrix remodeling,angiogenesis,and metabolic reprogramming.This review comprehensively summarizes the cellular origins,phenotypic and functional heterogeneity,and spatial distribution of CAFs within the prostate TME.We further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CAFs regulate PCa progression and therapeutic resistance,and critically evaluate emerging strategies to therapeutically target CAFmediated signaling,metabolic,and immune pathways.By integrating recent advances from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics(ST),our objective is to provide a holistic framework for understanding CAF biology and to highlight potential avenues for stromal reprogramming as an adjunct to current PCa therapies.
基金supported by grants through funding from the National Science and Technology Council(NSTC112-2314-B-037-050-MY3,NSTC114-2314-B-037-103-MY3,NSTC114-2321-B-037-003)the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW113-TDU-B-222-134014)+3 种基金funded by the health and welfare surcharge of on tobacco products,and the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital(KMUH113-3R31,KMUH113-3R32,KMUH113-3R33,KMUH113-3M58,KMUH113-3M59,KMUH-S11412,KMUH-SH11403)Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center Grant(KMU-TC113A04)National Tsing Hua University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Project(NTHU-KMU-KT114P008)supported by the Grant of Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative and Taiwan Biobank,Academia Sinica,Taiwan.
文摘Background:The long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery and the prognostic significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)remain uncertain.This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with LARC undergoing robotic-assisted surgery and to determine the prognostic value of pretreatment NLR.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 252 patients with LARC who were treated at a single medical center in Taiwan between January 2012 and January 2023.All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by robotic-assisted surgery with total mesorectal excision(TME).Patients were stratified into four groups on the basis of pretreatment NLRs and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic indicators for overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Results:Patients with a pretreatment NLR of≥3.2 exhibited significantly worse OS and DFS compared with those with an NLR of<3.2(OS:94.4 vs.116.5 months,p=0.001;DFS:78.8 vs.101.7 months,p=0.003).Group A exhibited the poorest prognosis,whereas Group D had the most favorable outcomes.Multivariate analysis revealed NLR≥3.2 as an independent predictor of poor OS(hazard ratio[HR]=2.306,95%CI:1.149-3.747;p=0.001)and DFS(HR=2.055,95%CI:1.341-3.148;p=0.001).Conclusion:Neoadjuvant concurrent CRT followed by robotic-assisted TME is an effective treatment strategy for LARC.A higher pretreatment NLR(≥3.2)independently predicted worse OS and DFS.Stratification using the NLR in combination with CEA levels may enhance prognostic accuracy for patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery for LARC.
