We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave pr...We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.展开更多
We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates...We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercial essential oil (EO) additive on milk production and methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows. Early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed gras...This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercial essential oil (EO) additive on milk production and methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows. Early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed grass, whole crop wheat and corn silage total mixed ration. Cows were allocated to one of two experimental treatments: Control (no additive, CON) or 1 g/head/day of EO. Cows were housed in a free stall barn, split into two pens for the duration of the experiment. Two gas data loggers units used to measure CH4 emissions were provided per pen for the duration of the 22 week-long study. Milk yield was determined daily, and milk components were analyzed every two weeks. CH4 was recorded continuously, and daily values were tabulated. Body weight and body condition score were determined at the start and bi-weekly. Results were analyzed as a randomized complete block trial. In total, 149 cows participated in the study (76 CON, 73 EO). Milk yields were greater (P < 0.05) for the test treatment (28.3 CON, 31.2 EO) with no change in milk component concentrations. Milk component concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Yields of fat, protein, lactose, and solids were higher for EO fed cows (P 4 output was reduced with the EO compared to the CON treatment (411 g/day vs 438 g/day;13.8 g/L of milk vs 17.2 g/L of milk, P < 0.05) over the duration of the trial. There were no effects of treatment on reproductive performance or the occurrence of mastitis. Feeding EO to dairy cows reduced CH4 emissions whilst also increasing performance.展开更多
In the field of biomass estimation,terrain radiometric calibration of airborne polarimetric SAR data for forested areas is an urgent problem.Illuminated area correction ofσ-naught could not completely remove terrain ...In the field of biomass estimation,terrain radiometric calibration of airborne polarimetric SAR data for forested areas is an urgent problem.Illuminated area correction ofσ-naught could not completely remove terrain features.Inspired by Small and Shimada,this paper tested gamma-naught on one mountainous forested area using airborne Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar data and found it could remove most terrain features.However,a systematic increasing trend from far range to near range is found in airborne SAR cases.This paper made an attempt to use the relationship between distance to SAR sensor andγ-naught to calibrateγ-naught.Two quantitative evaluation methods are proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that variation ofγ-naught can be constrained to a limited extent from near range to far range.Since this method is based on ground range images,it avoids complicated orthorectification.展开更多
We constrain the host-star flux of the microlensing planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676 Lb using adaptive optics(AO)images taken by the Magellan and Keck telescopes.We measure the flux of the light blended with the microlensed ...We constrain the host-star flux of the microlensing planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676 Lb using adaptive optics(AO)images taken by the Magellan and Keck telescopes.We measure the flux of the light blended with the microlensed source to be K=16.79±0.04 mag and J=17.76±0.03 mag.Assuming that the blend is the lens star,we find that the host is a 0.73_(-0.29)^(+0.14)M_(⊙)star at a distance of2.67_(-1.41)^(+0.77)kpc,where the relatively large uncertainty in angular Einstein radius measurement is the major source of uncertainty.With mass of M_(p)=3.68_(-1.44)^(+0.69)M_J,the planet is likely a"super Jupiter"at a projected separation of r_(⊥)=4.53_(-2.50)^(+1.49)AU,and a degenerate model yields a similar M_p=3.73_(-1.47)^(+0.73)M_(J)at a closer separation of r_(⊥)=2.56_(-1.41)^(+0.84)AU.Our estimates are consistent with the previous Bayesian analysis based on a Galactic model.OGLE-2014-BLG-0676 Lb belongs to a sample of planets discovered in a"secondgeneration"planetary microlensing survey and we attempt to systematically constrain host properties of this sample with high-resolution imaging to study the distribution of planets.展开更多
Photoacoustic tomography(PAT)that integrates the molecular contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging in deep tissue has widespread applications in basic biological science,prec...Photoacoustic tomography(PAT)that integrates the molecular contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging in deep tissue has widespread applications in basic biological science,preclinical research,and clinical trials.Recently,tremendous progress has been made in PAT regarding technical innovations,preclinical applications,and clinical translations.Here,we selectively review the recent progresses and advances in PAT,including the development of advanced PAT systems for small-animal and human imaging,newly engineered optical probes for molecular imaging,broad-spectrum PAT for label-free imaging of biological tissues,high-throughput snapshot photoacoustic topography,and integration of machine learning for image reconstruction and processing.We envision that PAT will have further technical developments and more impactful applications in biomedicine.展开更多
CMS physicists need to seamlessly access their experimental data and results,independent of location and storage medium,in order to focus on the exploration for the new physics signals arther than the complexities of ...CMS physicists need to seamlessly access their experimental data and results,independent of location and storage medium,in order to focus on the exploration for the new physics signals arther than the complexities of worldwide data management .In order to achieve this goal,CMS has adopted a tiered worldwide computing model which will incorporate emerging Grid technology.CMS has started to use Grid tools for data processing,replication and migration,Important Grid components are expected to be delivered by the Data Grid projects.like projects,CMS has created a set of long-term requirements to the Grid projects.These requirements are presented and discussed.展开更多
The Terabyte Analysis Machine Project is Developing hardware and software to analyze Terabyte scale datasets.The Distance Machine framework provides facilities to flexibly interface application specific indexing and p...The Terabyte Analysis Machine Project is Developing hardware and software to analyze Terabyte scale datasets.The Distance Machine framework provides facilities to flexibly interface application specific indexing and partitioning algorthms to large scientific databases.展开更多
The simulation program developed by the "Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers"(MONARC) project is a powerful and flexible tool for simulating the behavior of large scale distributed computing sys...The simulation program developed by the "Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers"(MONARC) project is a powerful and flexible tool for simulating the behavior of large scale distributed computing systems,In this study,we further validate this simulation tool in a large-scale distributed farm computing system.We also report the usage of this simulation tool to identify the bottlenecks and limitations of our farm system.展开更多
Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2]of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, ...Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2]of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 20201124A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2021, is the largest burst sample detected for any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided. The dataset is available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00076.展开更多
Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one o...Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one of the main controversies in existing tectonic models is the understanding of syn-orogenic extension.Seismological evidence shows widespread extensional deformation related to the reactivation of major lithospheric structures,such as the Penninic Frontal Thrust(PFT).However,the onset age and origin of extension are still debated due to the lack of suitable geochronological data.Fault hematite and calcite geochronology as well as clumped isotope data can be used to relate fluid regimes to fault activity.The analysis of calcite brecciae from extensional faults above the PFT shows that two distinct fluid regimes were present.The first regime,occurring before 2 Ma is associated with upwelling of deep fluids and is recorded by fault calcite at a temperature>110°C.The second fluid regime is characterized by a meteoric signature and temperatures around 36°C,representing crystallization since 2 Ma.This study presents a new model for the Miocene tectonic history of the Western Alps that combines(U-Th)/He and U-Pb geochronology on fault hematite(13.3±0.8 to<0.8 Ma)and calcite(5.3±0.6 Ma).Results demonstrate a progression of extensional fault activity from east to west,from the Middle Miocene(ca.13 Ma)to the Quaternary.The onset of extension in the inner part of the belt coincides with the development of the fold and thrust belt in the western Alpine foreland.Our new model proposes that extension occurs in the hanging wall of a large top-to-the-west thrust,known as the Alpine Frontal Thrust.This thrust,located to the west of the External Crystalline Massifs gives rise to their uplifting and extension at the rear.展开更多
The creation of carbonaceous nanoparticles and their dynamics in hydrocarbon flames are still debated in environmental,combustion,and material sciences.In this study,we introduce single-pulse femtosecond laser sheetco...The creation of carbonaceous nanoparticles and their dynamics in hydrocarbon flames are still debated in environmental,combustion,and material sciences.In this study,we introduce single-pulse femtosecond laser sheetcompressed ultrafast photography(fsLS-CUP),an ultrafast imaging technique specifically designed to shed light on and capture ultrafast dynamics stemming from interactions between femtosecond lasers and nanoparticles in flames in a single-shot.fsLS-CUP enables the first-time real-time billion frames-per-second(Gfps)simultaneous twodimensional(2D)imaging of laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)and laser-induced heating(LIH)that are originated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and soot particles,respectively.Furthermore,fsLS-CUP provides the real-time spatiotemporal map of femtosecond laser-soot interaction as elastic light scattering(ELS)at an astonishing 250 Gfps.In contrast to existing single-shot ultrafast imaging approaches,which are limited to millions of frames per second only and require multiple laser pulses,our method employs only a single pulse and captures the entire dynamics of laserinduced signals at hundreds of Gfps.Using a single pulse does not change the optical properties of nanoparticles for a following pulse,thus allowing reliable spatiotemporal mapping.Moreover,we found that particle inception and growth are derived from precursors.In essence,as an imaging modality,fsLS-CUP offers ultrafast 2D diagnostics,contributing to the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle’s inception and broader applications across different fields,such as material science and biomedical engineering.展开更多
Focusing light into scattering media,although challenging,is highly desirable in many realms.With the invention of time-reversed ultrasonically encoded(TRUE)optical focusing,acousto-optic modulation was demonstrated a...Focusing light into scattering media,although challenging,is highly desirable in many realms.With the invention of time-reversed ultrasonically encoded(TRUE)optical focusing,acousto-optic modulation was demonstrated as a promising guidestar mechanism for achieving noninvasive and addressable optical focusing into scattering media.Here,we report a new ultrasound-assisted technique,ultrasound-induced field perturbation optical focusing,abbreviated as UFP.Unlike in conventional TRUE optical focusing,where only the weak frequency-shifted first-order diffracted photons due to acousto-optic modulation are useful,here UFP leverages the brighter zeroth-order photons diffracted by an ultrasonic guidestar as information carriers to guide optical focusing.We find that the zeroth-order diffracted photons,although not frequency-shifted,do have a field perturbation caused by the existence of the ultrasonic guidestar.By detecting and time-reversing the differential field of the frequency-unshifted photons when the ultrasound is alternately ON and OFF,we can focus light to the position where the field perturbation occurs inside the scattering medium.We demonstrate here that UFP optical focusing has superior performance to conventional TRUE optical focusing,which benefits from the more intense zeroth-order photons.We further show that UFP optical focusing can be easily and flexibly developed into double-shot realization or even single-shot realization,which is desirable for high-speed wavefront shaping.This new method upsets conventional thinking on the utility of an ultrasonic guidestar and broadens the horizon of light control in scattering media.We hope that it provides a more efficient and flexible mechanism for implementing ultrasound-guided wavefront shaping.展开更多
The optical memory effect is an interesting phenomenon that has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Here, we present a new physical picture of the optical memory effect, in which the memory effect and ...The optical memory effect is an interesting phenomenon that has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Here, we present a new physical picture of the optical memory effect, in which the memory effect and the conventional spatial shift invariance are united. Based on this picture we depict the role of thickness, scattering times, and anisotropy factor and derive equations to calculate the ranges of the angular memory effect(AME) of different scattering components(ballistic light, singly scattered, doubly scattered, etc.), and hence a more accurate equation for the real AME ranges of volumetric turbid media. A conventional random phase mask model is modified according to the new picture. The self-consistency of the simulation model and its agreement with the experiment demonstrate the rationality of the model and the physical picture, which provide powerful tools for more sophisticated studies of the memory-effect-related phenomena and wavefront-sensitive techniques, such as wavefront shaping, optical phase conjugation, and optical trapping in/through scattering media.展开更多
This article reviews our recent progress on ultra-high density nanowires(NWs)array-based electronics.The superlattice nanowire pattern transfer(SNAP)method is utilized to produce aligned,ultra-high density Si NW array...This article reviews our recent progress on ultra-high density nanowires(NWs)array-based electronics.The superlattice nanowire pattern transfer(SNAP)method is utilized to produce aligned,ultra-high density Si NW arrays.We fi rst cover processing and materials issues related to achieving bulk-like conductivity characteristics from 1020 nm wide Si NWs.We then discuss Si NW-based fi eld-effect transistors(FETs).These NWs&NW FETs provide terrifi c building blocks for various electronic circuits with applications to memory,energy conversion,fundamental physics,logic,and others.We focus our discussion on complementary symmetry NW logic circuitry,since that provides the most demanding metrics for guiding nanofabrication.Issues such as controlling the density and spatial distribution of both p-and n-type dopants within NW arrays are discussed,as are general methods for achieving Ohmic contacts to both p-and n-type NWs.These various materials and nanofabrication advances are brought together to demonstrate energy effi cient,complementary symmetry NW logic circuits.展开更多
While the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain,it is equally applicable to the time domain.Realtime imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in explo...While the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain,it is equally applicable to the time domain.Realtime imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in exploring the physics of the space–time duality and finding diverse applications.The drastic changes in the width and intensity of an ultrashort laser pulse during temporal focusing impose a requirement for femtosecond-level exposure to capture the instantaneous light patterns generated in this exquisite phenomenon.Thus far,established ultrafast imaging techniques either struggle to reach the desired exposure time or require repeatable measurements.We have developed single-shot 10-trillion-frame-per-second compressed ultrafast photography(T-CUP),which passively captures dynamic events with 100-fs frame intervals in a single camera exposure.The synergy between compressed sensing and the Radon transformation empowers T-CUP to significantly reduce the number of projections needed for reconstructing a high-quality three-dimensional spatiotemporal datacube.As the only currently available real-time,passive imaging modality with a femtosecond exposure time,T-CUP was used to record the first-ever movie of nonrepeatable temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium.T-CUP’s unprecedented ability to clearly reveal the complex evolution in the shape,intensity,and width of a temporally focused pulse in a single measurement paves the way for single-shot characterization of ultrashort pulses,experimental investigation of nonlinear light-matter interactions,and real-time wavefront engineering for deep-tissue light focusing.展开更多
A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charg...A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charge of the vortex. However,the flow energy is also related to the topological charge, making the individual control of diameter and flow energy of the vortex beam impossible. Meanwhile, the shape of the focus of the vortex beam remains in the hollow ring. Expanding the shape of focus of structural light broadens the applications of the vortex beam in the field of microfabrication. Here, we proposed a ring-shaped focus with controllable gaps by multiplexing the vortex beam and annular beam. The multiplexed beam has several advantages, such as the diameter and flow energy of the focal point can be individually controlled and are not affected by the zero-order beam, and the gap size and position are controllable.展开更多
基金part supported by the NSF Grants DMS-1912654 and DMS 2205590。
文摘We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.U1831209 and U2031144)the research fund of Ankara University(BAP)through the project 18A0759001。
文摘We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercial essential oil (EO) additive on milk production and methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows. Early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed grass, whole crop wheat and corn silage total mixed ration. Cows were allocated to one of two experimental treatments: Control (no additive, CON) or 1 g/head/day of EO. Cows were housed in a free stall barn, split into two pens for the duration of the experiment. Two gas data loggers units used to measure CH4 emissions were provided per pen for the duration of the 22 week-long study. Milk yield was determined daily, and milk components were analyzed every two weeks. CH4 was recorded continuously, and daily values were tabulated. Body weight and body condition score were determined at the start and bi-weekly. Results were analyzed as a randomized complete block trial. In total, 149 cows participated in the study (76 CON, 73 EO). Milk yields were greater (P < 0.05) for the test treatment (28.3 CON, 31.2 EO) with no change in milk component concentrations. Milk component concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Yields of fat, protein, lactose, and solids were higher for EO fed cows (P 4 output was reduced with the EO compared to the CON treatment (411 g/day vs 438 g/day;13.8 g/L of milk vs 17.2 g/L of milk, P < 0.05) over the duration of the trial. There were no effects of treatment on reproductive performance or the occurrence of mastitis. Feeding EO to dairy cows reduced CH4 emissions whilst also increasing performance.
基金This work is supported in part by China Scholarship Council,by NASA,USA(NNX10AT74G,NNX08AP55G)by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41021061).
文摘In the field of biomass estimation,terrain radiometric calibration of airborne polarimetric SAR data for forested areas is an urgent problem.Illuminated area correction ofσ-naught could not completely remove terrain features.Inspired by Small and Shimada,this paper tested gamma-naught on one mountainous forested area using airborne Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar data and found it could remove most terrain features.However,a systematic increasing trend from far range to near range is found in airborne SAR cases.This paper made an attempt to use the relationship between distance to SAR sensor andγ-naught to calibrateγ-naught.Two quantitative evaluation methods are proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that variation ofγ-naught can be constrained to a limited extent from near range to far range.Since this method is based on ground range images,it avoids complicated orthorectification.
基金the support by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0405100)the China Manned Space Project with NO.CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and+6 种基金Project 11573003 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)supported by a NASA Keck PI Data Awardpossible by the generous financial support of the W.M.Keck Foundationfunding from the National Science Centre,Poland,grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to AUthe financial support of the ANR COLD WORLDS(ANR-18-CE31-0002)supported by the NASA Exoplanets Research Program(XRP)by cooperative agreement NNX16AD44Gsupported by the University of Tasmania through the UTAS Foundation and the endowed Warren Chair in Astronomy。
文摘We constrain the host-star flux of the microlensing planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676 Lb using adaptive optics(AO)images taken by the Magellan and Keck telescopes.We measure the flux of the light blended with the microlensed source to be K=16.79±0.04 mag and J=17.76±0.03 mag.Assuming that the blend is the lens star,we find that the host is a 0.73_(-0.29)^(+0.14)M_(⊙)star at a distance of2.67_(-1.41)^(+0.77)kpc,where the relatively large uncertainty in angular Einstein radius measurement is the major source of uncertainty.With mass of M_(p)=3.68_(-1.44)^(+0.69)M_J,the planet is likely a"super Jupiter"at a projected separation of r_(⊥)=4.53_(-2.50)^(+1.49)AU,and a degenerate model yields a similar M_p=3.73_(-1.47)^(+0.73)M_(J)at a closer separation of r_(⊥)=2.56_(-1.41)^(+0.84)AU.Our estimates are consistent with the previous Bayesian analysis based on a Galactic model.OGLE-2014-BLG-0676 Lb belongs to a sample of planets discovered in a"secondgeneration"planetary microlensing survey and we attempt to systematically constrain host properties of this sample with high-resolution imaging to study the distribution of planets.
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R01 NS102213,U01 NS099717(BRAIN Initiative)R35 CA220436(Outstanding Investigator Award),R01 EB028277,and U01 EB029823(BRAIN Initiative).
文摘Photoacoustic tomography(PAT)that integrates the molecular contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging in deep tissue has widespread applications in basic biological science,preclinical research,and clinical trials.Recently,tremendous progress has been made in PAT regarding technical innovations,preclinical applications,and clinical translations.Here,we selectively review the recent progresses and advances in PAT,including the development of advanced PAT systems for small-animal and human imaging,newly engineered optical probes for molecular imaging,broad-spectrum PAT for label-free imaging of biological tissues,high-throughput snapshot photoacoustic topography,and integration of machine learning for image reconstruction and processing.We envision that PAT will have further technical developments and more impactful applications in biomedicine.
文摘CMS physicists need to seamlessly access their experimental data and results,independent of location and storage medium,in order to focus on the exploration for the new physics signals arther than the complexities of worldwide data management .In order to achieve this goal,CMS has adopted a tiered worldwide computing model which will incorporate emerging Grid technology.CMS has started to use Grid tools for data processing,replication and migration,Important Grid components are expected to be delivered by the Data Grid projects.like projects,CMS has created a set of long-term requirements to the Grid projects.These requirements are presented and discussed.
文摘The Terabyte Analysis Machine Project is Developing hardware and software to analyze Terabyte scale datasets.The Distance Machine framework provides facilities to flexibly interface application specific indexing and partitioning algorthms to large scientific databases.
文摘The simulation program developed by the "Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers"(MONARC) project is a powerful and flexible tool for simulating the behavior of large scale distributed computing systems,In this study,we further validate this simulation tool in a large-scale distributed farm computing system.We also report the usage of this simulation tool to identify the bottlenecks and limitations of our farm system.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China (Grant Nos. 2020SKA0120100 and 2020SKA0120200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12041304, 11873067, 11988101, 12041303, 11725313, 11725314, 11833003, 12003028, 12041306, 12103089, U2031209, U2038105, and U1831207)+8 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0405100, 2017YFA0402602, 2018YFA0404204, and 2016YFA0400801)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH021)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20211000)Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CAS, the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, the Western Light Youth Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA15360000, XDA15052700, and XDB23040400)funding from the MaxPlanck Partner Group, the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project (Grant Nos. CMS-CSST2021-B11 and CMS-CSST-2021-A11)PKU development (Grant No. 7101502590)support from the XPLORER PRIZEsupported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 14380046)the Program for Innovative Talents, Entrepreneur in Jiangsu。
文摘Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2]of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 20201124A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2021, is the largest burst sample detected for any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided. The dataset is available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00076.
基金This work forms part of the first author’s Ph.D.project funded by the French BRGM in the frame of the RGF-Alps program(Référentiel Géologique de la France)The LA-ICP-MS hosted by the ENVITOP platform at CEREGE has received funding from the“Excellence Initiative”of the Aix Marseille University A*MIDEX–project DATCARB,a french“Investissement d’avenir”programSpecial thanks to Fayçal Soufi and Pierre-Luigi Canepa for their preparation of polished thin-section。
文摘Understanding fault activity over time provides valuable insights for reconstructing the tectonic history of an orogen,assessing seismological risks and understanding mineralization processes.In the Western Alps,one of the main controversies in existing tectonic models is the understanding of syn-orogenic extension.Seismological evidence shows widespread extensional deformation related to the reactivation of major lithospheric structures,such as the Penninic Frontal Thrust(PFT).However,the onset age and origin of extension are still debated due to the lack of suitable geochronological data.Fault hematite and calcite geochronology as well as clumped isotope data can be used to relate fluid regimes to fault activity.The analysis of calcite brecciae from extensional faults above the PFT shows that two distinct fluid regimes were present.The first regime,occurring before 2 Ma is associated with upwelling of deep fluids and is recorded by fault calcite at a temperature>110°C.The second fluid regime is characterized by a meteoric signature and temperatures around 36°C,representing crystallization since 2 Ma.This study presents a new model for the Miocene tectonic history of the Western Alps that combines(U-Th)/He and U-Pb geochronology on fault hematite(13.3±0.8 to<0.8 Ma)and calcite(5.3±0.6 Ma).Results demonstrate a progression of extensional fault activity from east to west,from the Middle Miocene(ca.13 Ma)to the Quaternary.The onset of extension in the inner part of the belt coincides with the development of the fold and thrust belt in the western Alpine foreland.Our new model proposes that extension occurs in the hanging wall of a large top-to-the-west thrust,known as the Alpine Frontal Thrust.This thrust,located to the west of the External Crystalline Massifs gives rise to their uplifting and extension at the rear.
基金the Swedish Research Council for the financial support of grant#IPD2018-06783Part of the work of Y.N.M.that was enabled by JPL was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,under a contract with NASA(80NM0018D0004)MSG thanks funding from JPL JROC and NASA SSW programs.
文摘The creation of carbonaceous nanoparticles and their dynamics in hydrocarbon flames are still debated in environmental,combustion,and material sciences.In this study,we introduce single-pulse femtosecond laser sheetcompressed ultrafast photography(fsLS-CUP),an ultrafast imaging technique specifically designed to shed light on and capture ultrafast dynamics stemming from interactions between femtosecond lasers and nanoparticles in flames in a single-shot.fsLS-CUP enables the first-time real-time billion frames-per-second(Gfps)simultaneous twodimensional(2D)imaging of laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)and laser-induced heating(LIH)that are originated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and soot particles,respectively.Furthermore,fsLS-CUP provides the real-time spatiotemporal map of femtosecond laser-soot interaction as elastic light scattering(ELS)at an astonishing 250 Gfps.In contrast to existing single-shot ultrafast imaging approaches,which are limited to millions of frames per second only and require multiple laser pulses,our method employs only a single pulse and captures the entire dynamics of laserinduced signals at hundreds of Gfps.Using a single pulse does not change the optical properties of nanoparticles for a following pulse,thus allowing reliable spatiotemporal mapping.Moreover,we found that particle inception and growth are derived from precursors.In essence,as an imaging modality,fsLS-CUP offers ultrafast 2D diagnostics,contributing to the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle’s inception and broader applications across different fields,such as material science and biomedical engineering.
基金This work was financially supported by US National Institutes of Health(NIH)grant U01 NS099717,R35 CA220436(Outstanding Investigator Award),and R01 EB028277.
文摘Focusing light into scattering media,although challenging,is highly desirable in many realms.With the invention of time-reversed ultrasonically encoded(TRUE)optical focusing,acousto-optic modulation was demonstrated as a promising guidestar mechanism for achieving noninvasive and addressable optical focusing into scattering media.Here,we report a new ultrasound-assisted technique,ultrasound-induced field perturbation optical focusing,abbreviated as UFP.Unlike in conventional TRUE optical focusing,where only the weak frequency-shifted first-order diffracted photons due to acousto-optic modulation are useful,here UFP leverages the brighter zeroth-order photons diffracted by an ultrasonic guidestar as information carriers to guide optical focusing.We find that the zeroth-order diffracted photons,although not frequency-shifted,do have a field perturbation caused by the existence of the ultrasonic guidestar.By detecting and time-reversing the differential field of the frequency-unshifted photons when the ultrasound is alternately ON and OFF,we can focus light to the position where the field perturbation occurs inside the scattering medium.We demonstrate here that UFP optical focusing has superior performance to conventional TRUE optical focusing,which benefits from the more intense zeroth-order photons.We further show that UFP optical focusing can be easily and flexibly developed into double-shot realization or even single-shot realization,which is desirable for high-speed wavefront shaping.This new method upsets conventional thinking on the utility of an ultrasonic guidestar and broadens the horizon of light control in scattering media.We hope that it provides a more efficient and flexible mechanism for implementing ultrasound-guided wavefront shaping.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research(2016YFC0100602)
文摘The optical memory effect is an interesting phenomenon that has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Here, we present a new physical picture of the optical memory effect, in which the memory effect and the conventional spatial shift invariance are united. Based on this picture we depict the role of thickness, scattering times, and anisotropy factor and derive equations to calculate the ranges of the angular memory effect(AME) of different scattering components(ballistic light, singly scattered, doubly scattered, etc.), and hence a more accurate equation for the real AME ranges of volumetric turbid media. A conventional random phase mask model is modified according to the new picture. The self-consistency of the simulation model and its agreement with the experiment demonstrate the rationality of the model and the physical picture, which provide powerful tools for more sophisticated studies of the memory-effect-related phenomena and wavefront-sensitive techniques, such as wavefront shaping, optical phase conjugation, and optical trapping in/through scattering media.
基金supported by a subcontract from the MITRE Corporation,the MARCO center for Advanced Materials and Devices,and the National Science Foundation(NMF-CCF-05204490 and CCF-0541461).
文摘This article reviews our recent progress on ultra-high density nanowires(NWs)array-based electronics.The superlattice nanowire pattern transfer(SNAP)method is utilized to produce aligned,ultra-high density Si NW arrays.We fi rst cover processing and materials issues related to achieving bulk-like conductivity characteristics from 1020 nm wide Si NWs.We then discuss Si NW-based fi eld-effect transistors(FETs).These NWs&NW FETs provide terrifi c building blocks for various electronic circuits with applications to memory,energy conversion,fundamental physics,logic,and others.We focus our discussion on complementary symmetry NW logic circuitry,since that provides the most demanding metrics for guiding nanofabrication.Issues such as controlling the density and spatial distribution of both p-and n-type dopants within NW arrays are discussed,as are general methods for achieving Ohmic contacts to both p-and n-type NWs.These various materials and nanofabrication advances are brought together to demonstrate energy effi cient,complementary symmetry NW logic circuits.
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants DP1 EB016986(NIH Director’s Pioneer Award)R01 CA186567(NIH Director’s Transformative Research Award).
文摘While the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain,it is equally applicable to the time domain.Realtime imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in exploring the physics of the space–time duality and finding diverse applications.The drastic changes in the width and intensity of an ultrashort laser pulse during temporal focusing impose a requirement for femtosecond-level exposure to capture the instantaneous light patterns generated in this exquisite phenomenon.Thus far,established ultrafast imaging techniques either struggle to reach the desired exposure time or require repeatable measurements.We have developed single-shot 10-trillion-frame-per-second compressed ultrafast photography(T-CUP),which passively captures dynamic events with 100-fs frame intervals in a single camera exposure.The synergy between compressed sensing and the Radon transformation empowers T-CUP to significantly reduce the number of projections needed for reconstructing a high-quality three-dimensional spatiotemporal datacube.As the only currently available real-time,passive imaging modality with a femtosecond exposure time,T-CUP was used to record the first-ever movie of nonrepeatable temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium.T-CUP’s unprecedented ability to clearly reveal the complex evolution in the shape,intensity,and width of a temporally focused pulse in a single measurement paves the way for single-shot characterization of ultrashort pulses,experimental investigation of nonlinear light-matter interactions,and real-time wavefront engineering for deep-tissue light focusing.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005262 and 51875160)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.PA2020GDSK0077 and PA2020GDKC0010)。
文摘A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charge of the vortex. However,the flow energy is also related to the topological charge, making the individual control of diameter and flow energy of the vortex beam impossible. Meanwhile, the shape of the focus of the vortex beam remains in the hollow ring. Expanding the shape of focus of structural light broadens the applications of the vortex beam in the field of microfabrication. Here, we proposed a ring-shaped focus with controllable gaps by multiplexing the vortex beam and annular beam. The multiplexed beam has several advantages, such as the diameter and flow energy of the focal point can be individually controlled and are not affected by the zero-order beam, and the gap size and position are controllable.
