Foot reflexology(FR)is a Chinese-originated and non-invasive complementary therapy increasingly used by functional,alternative and para-medical professionals.Enhance attempts are made to study FR in non-functional org...Foot reflexology(FR)is a Chinese-originated and non-invasive complementary therapy increasingly used by functional,alternative and para-medical professionals.Enhance attempts are made to study FR in non-functional organic conditions.The present invited Editorial discusses the application of FR in autoimmune diseases(AD),highlighting a few successful studies demonstrating symptomatic relief and objective improvements.Despite promising results,the FR domain remains under-investigated and an urgent need to confirm and understand the effect of FR in chronic diseases,including AD,is highly recommended.展开更多
To effectively address the challenge where the speed of tunnel lining construction struggles to match that of tunnel face and inverted arch construction,and to enhance the quality of secondary lining,a new type of ske...To effectively address the challenge where the speed of tunnel lining construction struggles to match that of tunnel face and inverted arch construction,and to enhance the quality of secondary lining,a new type of skeleton-free,traversing secondary lining trolley has been developed.This trolley features a set of gantries paired with two sets of formwork.The formwork adopts a multi-segment hinged and strengthened design,ensuring its own strength can meet the requirements of secondary lining concrete pouring without relying on the support of the gantries.When retracted,the formwork can be transported by the gantries through another set of formwork in the supporting state,enabling early formwork support,effectively accelerating the construction progress of the tunnel’s secondary lining,and extending the maintenance time of the secondary lining with the formwork.Finite element software modeling was used for simulation calculations,and the results indicate that the structural strength,stiffness,and other performance parameters of the new secondary lining trolley meet the design requirements,verifying the rationality of the design.展开更多
With the rapid development of high-speed railway tunnel construction mileage and technology,the construction of the tunnel face is a key part of tunnel construction in high-speed railway tunnel projects.As mechanizati...With the rapid development of high-speed railway tunnel construction mileage and technology,the construction of the tunnel face is a key part of tunnel construction in high-speed railway tunnel projects.As mechanization and intelligence levels continue to increase,supporting equipment mainly includes rock drilling trolleys,arch installation trolleys,wet spraying robots,anchor trolleys,etc.To address the issues of high construction costs and the need to replace equipment for different processes,this paper designs an economical and practical multi-functional integrated trolley for high-speed railway double-track tunnels based on engineering cases.This trolley can adapt to various tunnel face excavation methods such as the full-face method and the bench method,enabling integrated functions such as drilling and blasting holes,anchor holes,advance grouting holes,pipe roof construction,charging,anchor installation and grouting,and arch mesh installation.This reduces the number of operators,improves the working environment of high-speed railway tunnels,lowers construction costs,and enhances construction efficiency.展开更多
The construction of the tunnel face is a critical aspect of tunnel excavation,and its supporting equipment mainly includes drilling jumbos,arch installation trolleys,wet spraying manipulators,and anchor bolt trolleys....The construction of the tunnel face is a critical aspect of tunnel excavation,and its supporting equipment mainly includes drilling jumbos,arch installation trolleys,wet spraying manipulators,and anchor bolt trolleys.To address the issues of high construction costs and the need to replace equipment for different processes,this paper designs an economical and practical multi-functional integrated trolley based on engineering cases.This trolley is suitable for various construction methods such as full-face excavation and benching method,and integrates functions such as drilling and blasting holes,anchor bolt holes,advance grouting holes,pipe roof construction,charging,anchor bolt installation and grouting,and arch mesh installation.It reduces the number of operators,improves the tunnel working environment,lowers construction costs,and enhances construction efficiency.展开更多
As a key national project,a newly built plateau railway features a large proportion of tunnels and high construction difficulty.To reduce the voids in the secondary lining of tunnels and address issues such as ineffec...As a key national project,a newly built plateau railway features a large proportion of tunnels and high construction difficulty.To reduce the voids in the secondary lining of tunnels and address issues such as ineffective vibration of the vault,vault voiding,and the inability to monitor the casting status during tunnel lining construction with ordinary lining trolleys,a new smart lining trolley with large clearance that integrates functions such as vibration,automatic casting,and pressure monitoring has been developed.This was achieved by combining the functional design of the new smart lining trolley,comparing traditional construction techniques,and introducing information-based and intelligent design concepts.Through simulation calculations using finite element software modeling,it is verified that the structural stiffness,strength,and other performance parameters of the smart lining trolley meet the technical design requirements.展开更多
The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cereb...The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex,versatile,and human-relevant system than traditional animal models,which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain.Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain,this field is currently under constant development,and work in this area is abundant.In this review,we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology,starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids.We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies,highlighting neurodevelopmental,psychiatric,neurodegenerative,brain tumor,and infectious diseases.Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids,we describe their use in transplantation,drug screening,and toxicology assays.We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids.Finally,we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field,such as the development of vasculature and microglia,and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.展开更多
Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richnes...Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richness of bird communities in European temperate oak forests.We,there-fore,aimed to identify key variables in these habitats that could contribute to the design of management strategies for forest conservation by surveying 11 oak-dominated forest sites throughout the mid-mountain range of Hungary at 86 survey points to reveal the role of different compositional and structural variables for forest stands that influence the breeding bird assemblages in the forests at the functional group and individual species levels.Based on decision tree modelling,our results showed that the density of trees larger than 30 cm DBH was an overall important variable,indi-cating that large-diameter trees were essential to provide diverse bird communities.The total abundance of birds,the foliage-gleaners,primary and secondary cavity nest-ers,residents,and five specific bird species were related to the density of high trunk diameter trees.The abundance of shrub nesters was negatively influenced by a high density of trees over 10 cm DBH.The density of the shrub layer positively affected total bird abundance and the abundance of foliage gleaners,secondary cavity nesters and residents.Analysis of the co-dominant tree species showed that the presence of linden,beech,and hornbeam was important in influencing the abundance of various bird species,e.g.,Eur-asian Treecreeper(Certhia familiaris),Marsh Tit(Poecile palustris)and Wood Warbler(Phylloscopus sibilatrix).Our results indicated that large trees,high tree diversity,and dense shrub layer were essential for forest bird communities and are critical targets for protection to maintain diverse and abundant bird communities in oak-dominated forest habitats.展开更多
Numerous clustering algorithms are valuable in pattern recognition in forest vegetation,with new ones continually being proposed.While some are well-known,others are underutilized in vegetation science.This study comp...Numerous clustering algorithms are valuable in pattern recognition in forest vegetation,with new ones continually being proposed.While some are well-known,others are underutilized in vegetation science.This study compares the performance of practical iterative reallocation algorithms with model-based clustering algorithms.The data is from forest vegetation in Virginia(United States),the Hyrcanian Forest(Asia),and European beech forests.Practical iterative reallocation algorithms were applied as non-hierarchical methods and Finite Gaussian mixture modeling was used as a model-based clustering method.Due to limitations on dimensionality in model-based clustering,principal coordinates analysis was employed to reduce the dataset’s dimensions.A log transformation was applied to achieve a normal distribution for the pseudo-species data before calculating the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity.The findings indicate that the reallocation of misclassified objects based on silhouette width(OPTSIL)with Flexible-β(-0.25)had the highest mean among the tested clustering algorithms with Silhouette width 1(REMOS1)with Flexible-β(-0.25)second.However,model-based clustering performed poorly.Based on these results,it is recommended using OPTSIL with Flexible-β(-0.25)and REMOS1 with Flexible-β(-0.25)for forest vegetation classification instead of model-based clustering particularly for heterogeneous datasets common in forest vegetation community data.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients h...Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients have a 5-year survival rate of about 70%,compared to under 20%overall[3].This highlights the need for effective screening.Currently,low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)is the preferred screening method for high-risk individuals,but it is expensive and has a high false-positive rate,often requiring invasive biopsies.Singapore’s 2010 Cancer Screening guidelines do not recommend chest radiography,sputum cytology,or CT for lung cancer screening[4].展开更多
The extensive heterogeneity and the limited availability of effective targeted therapies contribute to the challenging prognosis and restricted survival observed in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Recent research ...The extensive heterogeneity and the limited availability of effective targeted therapies contribute to the challenging prognosis and restricted survival observed in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Recent research indicates the aberrant expression of diverse tyrosine kinases(TKs)within this cancer,contributing significantly to tumor cell proliferation,survival,invasion,and migration.The contemporary paradigm shift towards precision medicine has highlighted TKs and their receptors as promising targets for pharmacotherapy against a range of malignancies,given their pivotal roles in tumor initiation,progression,and advancement.Intensive investigations have focused on various monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and small molecule inhibitors that specifically target proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR),cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(c-MET),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),among others,for combating TNBC.These agents have been studied both in monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.Despite these advances,a substantial terrain of unexplored potential lies within the realm of TK-targeted therapeutics,which hold promise in reshaping the therapeutic landscape.This review summarizes the various TK-targeted therapeutics that have undergone scrutiny as potential therapeutic interventions for TNBC,dissecting the outcomes and revelations stemming from diverse clinical investigations.A key conclusion from the umbrella clinical trials evidences the necessity for in-depth molecular characterization of TNBC for the maximum efficiency of TK-targeted therapeutics,either as standalone treatments or a combination.Moreover,our observation highlights that the outcomes of TK-targeted therapeutics in TNBC are substantially influenced by the diversity of the patient cohort,emphasizing the prioritization of individual patient genetic/molecular profiles for precise TNBC patient stratification for clinical studies.展开更多
Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental condit...Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental conditions that facilitate the persistence of species during environmental changes and exhibit unique ecoevolutionary dynamics.However,our knowledge about how topographic complexity and related ecoevolutionary selective forces influence the functional and phylogenetic signatures of species assemblages in microrefugia is very limited.Although the conceptual framework on the systematic integration of plant functional traits into the study of refugia is well established,more empirical studies on functional trait composition and functional diversity in refugia are urgently needed for more effective conservation.Here we analyzed the distribution of various plant functional traits and phylogenetic patterns in microhabitats(south-and north-facing slopes,and bottoms)of 30 large topographic depressions(i.e.doline microrefugia)and microhabitats of the surrounding plateaus in two distant forested karst regions.We found that plant assemblages in the understory of dolines and their surroundings are characterized by unique functional values and combinations of traits.Doline bottoms had the highest functional diversity among doline microhabitats and supported plant assemblages with considerably different trait compositions from the plateaus.Bottoms also had the highest phylogenetic diversity.These results suggest that topographic complexity in forested dolines has a significant effect on the distribution of plant functional traits in the understory.High functional and phylogenetic diversity in doline bottoms can have important consequences for the long-term survival of plant populations,highlighting that these microhabitats may provide a higher resilience and support an adaptive community-level response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.Understanding mechanisms that drive the survival of species within microrefugia is required to determine the best conservation and management strategies.展开更多
The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for...The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)is a major global contributor to death and disability.As part of its medical management,researchers have recognized the importance of promising neuroprotective strategies,where ...BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)is a major global contributor to death and disability.As part of its medical management,researchers have recognized the importance of promising neuroprotective strategies,where stem cell transplantation(SCT)is thought to confer advantages via trophic and neuroprotective effects.AIM To evaluate the current state of research on SCT in patients with CVA,assess key trends and highlight literature gaps.METHODS PubMed was screened for SCT in CVA-related articles in October 2023,for each country during the period between 2000 and 2023.Using the World Bank data,total population and gross domestic product were collected for comparison.VOSviewer_1.6.19 was used to create the VOS figure using the results of the same query.Graphs and tables were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel.RESULTS A total of 6923 studies were identified on SCT in CVA,making 0.03%of all published studies worldwide.Approximately,68%were conducted in high-income countries,with a significant focus on mesenchymal stem cells.The journal“Stroke”featured the largest share of these articles,with mesenchymal SCT having the highest rate of inclusion,followed by hematopoietic SCT.Over time,there has been a noticeable shift from in vitro studies,which assess stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis,to in vivo studies aimed at evaluating efficacy and safety.Additionally,the number of reviews increased along this approach.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive guide for physicians and researchers in the field through an objective overview of research activity,and highlights both current trends and gaps.Having a potential therapeutic role in CVA,more research is needed in the future to focus on different aspects of SCT,aiming to reach a better treatment strategy and improve life quality in patients.展开更多
Aims:Health democracy requires tools and methodologies to involve non-scientific actors in the development and implementation of health policies.Storytelling could be one of the tools to make health democracy effectiv...Aims:Health democracy requires tools and methodologies to involve non-scientific actors in the development and implementation of health policies.Storytelling could be one of the tools to make health democracy effective.Our aim is to describe how storytelling is used in relation to health democracy,the aims of its use,the methodology adopted and the results obtained.Procedure:We conducted a narrative review of the literature.Our search equation was composed by the keyword“narration”and its variations“récit de vie”,“histoire de vie”and“medécine narrative”and by the keyword“démocratie en santé”/“démocratie sanitaire”.Results:We obtained 135 results and included six articles,published between 2015 and 2022.The interest of storytelling in a health democracy approach concerns six main themes:a)the plurality of experiences;b)empowerment;c)the recognition of different types of knowledge;d)the involvement of all care actors in care;storytelling as a lever for change;e)in the care pathway;f)in health policies.Conclusion:The limited number of articles included in this literature review raises questions about the diffusion of the concept of health democracy associated with that of storytelling.Storytelling can contribute to the dissemination and effectiveness of health democracy:it is a complementary tool to quantitative tools for understanding the experiences of users of the health care system,and its use is particularly relevant to chronic diseases such as cancer.展开更多
Introduction La modification du regard portésur l’objet«soin»affecte les pratiques de soin,dans une réflexion non plus uniquement centrée sur le remède,sur le soin en tant que«cure&...Introduction La modification du regard portésur l’objet«soin»affecte les pratiques de soin,dans une réflexion non plus uniquement centrée sur le remède,sur le soin en tant que«cure»,mais sur«la façon dont on donne le soin»[1]au sens oùWinnicott entend le《care-cure》[2];favorisant ainsi le développement de pratiques de soin innovantes,portée par une réflexion collective et pluridisciplinaire autour des patients.Si le soin en oncologie ne peut plus se penser ni se pratiquer en dehors d’une rencontre pluridisciplinaire autour du patient,il en va de même pour la recherche dans le domaine du cancer.展开更多
Skin is one of the most vulnerable tissues,but there is a lack of injectable bioactive hydrogel dressings,which possess high strength,antiswelling capacity,and wet tissue adhesiveness,but also a rapid gelling process ...Skin is one of the most vulnerable tissues,but there is a lack of injectable bioactive hydrogel dressings,which possess high strength,antiswelling capacity,and wet tissue adhesiveness,but also a rapid gelling process to enable rapid hemostasis,sutureless wound closure,and scarless healing of infected skin wounds[1e5].A new injectable,antibacterial,and multifunctional hydrogel dressings based on poly(citric acid-co-polyethylene glycol)-g-dopamine(PCPD)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)mi-celles loaded with astragaloside IV(AS)was developed for this pur-pose,as shown in Fig.1A[6].展开更多
This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed.For a reliable and quantitative ...This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed.For a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and classified.However,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure fairness.The privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are unavoidable.The imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced suchworries.Even for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still exist.Aperspective solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.展开更多
文摘Foot reflexology(FR)is a Chinese-originated and non-invasive complementary therapy increasingly used by functional,alternative and para-medical professionals.Enhance attempts are made to study FR in non-functional organic conditions.The present invited Editorial discusses the application of FR in autoimmune diseases(AD),highlighting a few successful studies demonstrating symptomatic relief and objective improvements.Despite promising results,the FR domain remains under-investigated and an urgent need to confirm and understand the effect of FR in chronic diseases,including AD,is highly recommended.
文摘To effectively address the challenge where the speed of tunnel lining construction struggles to match that of tunnel face and inverted arch construction,and to enhance the quality of secondary lining,a new type of skeleton-free,traversing secondary lining trolley has been developed.This trolley features a set of gantries paired with two sets of formwork.The formwork adopts a multi-segment hinged and strengthened design,ensuring its own strength can meet the requirements of secondary lining concrete pouring without relying on the support of the gantries.When retracted,the formwork can be transported by the gantries through another set of formwork in the supporting state,enabling early formwork support,effectively accelerating the construction progress of the tunnel’s secondary lining,and extending the maintenance time of the secondary lining with the formwork.Finite element software modeling was used for simulation calculations,and the results indicate that the structural strength,stiffness,and other performance parameters of the new secondary lining trolley meet the design requirements,verifying the rationality of the design.
文摘With the rapid development of high-speed railway tunnel construction mileage and technology,the construction of the tunnel face is a key part of tunnel construction in high-speed railway tunnel projects.As mechanization and intelligence levels continue to increase,supporting equipment mainly includes rock drilling trolleys,arch installation trolleys,wet spraying robots,anchor trolleys,etc.To address the issues of high construction costs and the need to replace equipment for different processes,this paper designs an economical and practical multi-functional integrated trolley for high-speed railway double-track tunnels based on engineering cases.This trolley can adapt to various tunnel face excavation methods such as the full-face method and the bench method,enabling integrated functions such as drilling and blasting holes,anchor holes,advance grouting holes,pipe roof construction,charging,anchor installation and grouting,and arch mesh installation.This reduces the number of operators,improves the working environment of high-speed railway tunnels,lowers construction costs,and enhances construction efficiency.
文摘The construction of the tunnel face is a critical aspect of tunnel excavation,and its supporting equipment mainly includes drilling jumbos,arch installation trolleys,wet spraying manipulators,and anchor bolt trolleys.To address the issues of high construction costs and the need to replace equipment for different processes,this paper designs an economical and practical multi-functional integrated trolley based on engineering cases.This trolley is suitable for various construction methods such as full-face excavation and benching method,and integrates functions such as drilling and blasting holes,anchor bolt holes,advance grouting holes,pipe roof construction,charging,anchor bolt installation and grouting,and arch mesh installation.It reduces the number of operators,improves the tunnel working environment,lowers construction costs,and enhances construction efficiency.
文摘As a key national project,a newly built plateau railway features a large proportion of tunnels and high construction difficulty.To reduce the voids in the secondary lining of tunnels and address issues such as ineffective vibration of the vault,vault voiding,and the inability to monitor the casting status during tunnel lining construction with ordinary lining trolleys,a new smart lining trolley with large clearance that integrates functions such as vibration,automatic casting,and pressure monitoring has been developed.This was achieved by combining the functional design of the new smart lining trolley,comparing traditional construction techniques,and introducing information-based and intelligent design concepts.Through simulation calculations using finite element software modeling,it is verified that the structural stiffness,strength,and other performance parameters of the smart lining trolley meet the technical design requirements.
基金supported by the Grant PID2021-126715OB-IOO financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and"ERDFA way of making Europe"by the Grant PI22CⅢ/00055 funded by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ISCⅢ)+6 种基金the UFIECPY 398/19(PEJ2018-004965) grant to RGS funded by AEI(Spain)the UFIECPY-396/19(PEJ2018-004961)grant financed by MCIN (Spain)FI23CⅢ/00003 grant funded by ISCⅢ-PFIS Spain) to PMMthe UFIECPY 328/22 (PEJ-2021-TL/BMD-21001) grant to LM financed by CAM (Spain)the grant by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)through the PDSE program (Programa de Doutorado Sanduiche no Exterior)to VSCG financed by MEC (Brazil)
文摘The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex,versatile,and human-relevant system than traditional animal models,which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain.Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain,this field is currently under constant development,and work in this area is abundant.In this review,we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology,starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids.We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies,highlighting neurodevelopmental,psychiatric,neurodegenerative,brain tumor,and infectious diseases.Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids,we describe their use in transplantation,drug screening,and toxicology assays.We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids.Finally,we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field,such as the development of vasculature and microglia,and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.
基金supported part ia l l y by LIFE4Oak Forests Project LIFE16NAT/IT/000245)the RRF 2.3.121202200008 projectthe MERLiN project funded under the European Commission H2020 Programme(101036337 MERLiN H2020 LC GD 2020)。
文摘Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richness of bird communities in European temperate oak forests.We,there-fore,aimed to identify key variables in these habitats that could contribute to the design of management strategies for forest conservation by surveying 11 oak-dominated forest sites throughout the mid-mountain range of Hungary at 86 survey points to reveal the role of different compositional and structural variables for forest stands that influence the breeding bird assemblages in the forests at the functional group and individual species levels.Based on decision tree modelling,our results showed that the density of trees larger than 30 cm DBH was an overall important variable,indi-cating that large-diameter trees were essential to provide diverse bird communities.The total abundance of birds,the foliage-gleaners,primary and secondary cavity nest-ers,residents,and five specific bird species were related to the density of high trunk diameter trees.The abundance of shrub nesters was negatively influenced by a high density of trees over 10 cm DBH.The density of the shrub layer positively affected total bird abundance and the abundance of foliage gleaners,secondary cavity nesters and residents.Analysis of the co-dominant tree species showed that the presence of linden,beech,and hornbeam was important in influencing the abundance of various bird species,e.g.,Eur-asian Treecreeper(Certhia familiaris),Marsh Tit(Poecile palustris)and Wood Warbler(Phylloscopus sibilatrix).Our results indicated that large trees,high tree diversity,and dense shrub layer were essential for forest bird communities and are critical targets for protection to maintain diverse and abundant bird communities in oak-dominated forest habitats.
基金financially supported by the vice chancellor for research and technology of Urmia University
文摘Numerous clustering algorithms are valuable in pattern recognition in forest vegetation,with new ones continually being proposed.While some are well-known,others are underutilized in vegetation science.This study compares the performance of practical iterative reallocation algorithms with model-based clustering algorithms.The data is from forest vegetation in Virginia(United States),the Hyrcanian Forest(Asia),and European beech forests.Practical iterative reallocation algorithms were applied as non-hierarchical methods and Finite Gaussian mixture modeling was used as a model-based clustering method.Due to limitations on dimensionality in model-based clustering,principal coordinates analysis was employed to reduce the dataset’s dimensions.A log transformation was applied to achieve a normal distribution for the pseudo-species data before calculating the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity.The findings indicate that the reallocation of misclassified objects based on silhouette width(OPTSIL)with Flexible-β(-0.25)had the highest mean among the tested clustering algorithms with Silhouette width 1(REMOS1)with Flexible-β(-0.25)second.However,model-based clustering performed poorly.Based on these results,it is recommended using OPTSIL with Flexible-β(-0.25)and REMOS1 with Flexible-β(-0.25)for forest vegetation classification instead of model-based clustering particularly for heterogeneous datasets common in forest vegetation community data.
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council(NMRC/STaR/MOH-00070900,CIRG/MOH-00006400)the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiatives(to Boon Cher Goh)the NUS Centre for Cancer Research(N2CR),Cancer Programme under Translational Research Programmes(TRPs),Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,NUS(NUHSRO/2020/122/MSC/07/Cancer)(to Lingzhi Wang and Boon Cher Goh).
文摘Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients have a 5-year survival rate of about 70%,compared to under 20%overall[3].This highlights the need for effective screening.Currently,low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)is the preferred screening method for high-risk individuals,but it is expensive and has a high false-positive rate,often requiring invasive biopsies.Singapore’s 2010 Cancer Screening guidelines do not recommend chest radiography,sputum cytology,or CT for lung cancer screening[4].
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology(DBT),Government of India(BT/556/NE/U-Excel/).
文摘The extensive heterogeneity and the limited availability of effective targeted therapies contribute to the challenging prognosis and restricted survival observed in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Recent research indicates the aberrant expression of diverse tyrosine kinases(TKs)within this cancer,contributing significantly to tumor cell proliferation,survival,invasion,and migration.The contemporary paradigm shift towards precision medicine has highlighted TKs and their receptors as promising targets for pharmacotherapy against a range of malignancies,given their pivotal roles in tumor initiation,progression,and advancement.Intensive investigations have focused on various monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and small molecule inhibitors that specifically target proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR),cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(c-MET),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),among others,for combating TNBC.These agents have been studied both in monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.Despite these advances,a substantial terrain of unexplored potential lies within the realm of TK-targeted therapeutics,which hold promise in reshaping the therapeutic landscape.This review summarizes the various TK-targeted therapeutics that have undergone scrutiny as potential therapeutic interventions for TNBC,dissecting the outcomes and revelations stemming from diverse clinical investigations.A key conclusion from the umbrella clinical trials evidences the necessity for in-depth molecular characterization of TNBC for the maximum efficiency of TK-targeted therapeutics,either as standalone treatments or a combination.Moreover,our observation highlights that the outcomes of TK-targeted therapeutics in TNBC are substantially influenced by the diversity of the patient cohort,emphasizing the prioritization of individual patient genetic/molecular profiles for precise TNBC patient stratification for clinical studies.
基金funded by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH FK 142428 grant)The contribution of Z.B.was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(ÚNKP-23-5-SZTE-697)+2 种基金K.F.was supported by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(ÚNKP-23-3-SZTE-441)C.T.was supported by the NKFIH K 146137 grantA.E-V.was supported by the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences(RVO 67985939).
文摘Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental conditions that facilitate the persistence of species during environmental changes and exhibit unique ecoevolutionary dynamics.However,our knowledge about how topographic complexity and related ecoevolutionary selective forces influence the functional and phylogenetic signatures of species assemblages in microrefugia is very limited.Although the conceptual framework on the systematic integration of plant functional traits into the study of refugia is well established,more empirical studies on functional trait composition and functional diversity in refugia are urgently needed for more effective conservation.Here we analyzed the distribution of various plant functional traits and phylogenetic patterns in microhabitats(south-and north-facing slopes,and bottoms)of 30 large topographic depressions(i.e.doline microrefugia)and microhabitats of the surrounding plateaus in two distant forested karst regions.We found that plant assemblages in the understory of dolines and their surroundings are characterized by unique functional values and combinations of traits.Doline bottoms had the highest functional diversity among doline microhabitats and supported plant assemblages with considerably different trait compositions from the plateaus.Bottoms also had the highest phylogenetic diversity.These results suggest that topographic complexity in forested dolines has a significant effect on the distribution of plant functional traits in the understory.High functional and phylogenetic diversity in doline bottoms can have important consequences for the long-term survival of plant populations,highlighting that these microhabitats may provide a higher resilience and support an adaptive community-level response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.Understanding mechanisms that drive the survival of species within microrefugia is required to determine the best conservation and management strategies.
文摘The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.
文摘BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident(CVA)is a major global contributor to death and disability.As part of its medical management,researchers have recognized the importance of promising neuroprotective strategies,where stem cell transplantation(SCT)is thought to confer advantages via trophic and neuroprotective effects.AIM To evaluate the current state of research on SCT in patients with CVA,assess key trends and highlight literature gaps.METHODS PubMed was screened for SCT in CVA-related articles in October 2023,for each country during the period between 2000 and 2023.Using the World Bank data,total population and gross domestic product were collected for comparison.VOSviewer_1.6.19 was used to create the VOS figure using the results of the same query.Graphs and tables were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel.RESULTS A total of 6923 studies were identified on SCT in CVA,making 0.03%of all published studies worldwide.Approximately,68%were conducted in high-income countries,with a significant focus on mesenchymal stem cells.The journal“Stroke”featured the largest share of these articles,with mesenchymal SCT having the highest rate of inclusion,followed by hematopoietic SCT.Over time,there has been a noticeable shift from in vitro studies,which assess stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis,to in vivo studies aimed at evaluating efficacy and safety.Additionally,the number of reviews increased along this approach.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive guide for physicians and researchers in the field through an objective overview of research activity,and highlights both current trends and gaps.Having a potential therapeutic role in CVA,more research is needed in the future to focus on different aspects of SCT,aiming to reach a better treatment strategy and improve life quality in patients.
文摘Aims:Health democracy requires tools and methodologies to involve non-scientific actors in the development and implementation of health policies.Storytelling could be one of the tools to make health democracy effective.Our aim is to describe how storytelling is used in relation to health democracy,the aims of its use,the methodology adopted and the results obtained.Procedure:We conducted a narrative review of the literature.Our search equation was composed by the keyword“narration”and its variations“récit de vie”,“histoire de vie”and“medécine narrative”and by the keyword“démocratie en santé”/“démocratie sanitaire”.Results:We obtained 135 results and included six articles,published between 2015 and 2022.The interest of storytelling in a health democracy approach concerns six main themes:a)the plurality of experiences;b)empowerment;c)the recognition of different types of knowledge;d)the involvement of all care actors in care;storytelling as a lever for change;e)in the care pathway;f)in health policies.Conclusion:The limited number of articles included in this literature review raises questions about the diffusion of the concept of health democracy associated with that of storytelling.Storytelling can contribute to the dissemination and effectiveness of health democracy:it is a complementary tool to quantitative tools for understanding the experiences of users of the health care system,and its use is particularly relevant to chronic diseases such as cancer.
文摘Introduction La modification du regard portésur l’objet«soin»affecte les pratiques de soin,dans une réflexion non plus uniquement centrée sur le remède,sur le soin en tant que«cure»,mais sur«la façon dont on donne le soin»[1]au sens oùWinnicott entend le《care-cure》[2];favorisant ainsi le développement de pratiques de soin innovantes,portée par une réflexion collective et pluridisciplinaire autour des patients.Si le soin en oncologie ne peut plus se penser ni se pratiquer en dehors d’une rencontre pluridisciplinaire autour du patient,il en va de même pour la recherche dans le domaine du cancer.
文摘Skin is one of the most vulnerable tissues,but there is a lack of injectable bioactive hydrogel dressings,which possess high strength,antiswelling capacity,and wet tissue adhesiveness,but also a rapid gelling process to enable rapid hemostasis,sutureless wound closure,and scarless healing of infected skin wounds[1e5].A new injectable,antibacterial,and multifunctional hydrogel dressings based on poly(citric acid-co-polyethylene glycol)-g-dopamine(PCPD)and amino-terminated Pluronic F127(APF)mi-celles loaded with astragaloside IV(AS)was developed for this pur-pose,as shown in Fig.1A[6].
基金the National Academy of Sciences India(NASI),Allahabad,India for the support and to the DirectorNational Institute of Advanced Studies(NIAS),Bengaluru,India for providing the infrastructure facilities to carry out this worksupported by the Shanghai High-Level Base-Building Project for Industrial Technology Innovation.
文摘This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed.For a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and classified.However,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure fairness.The privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are unavoidable.The imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced suchworries.Even for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still exist.Aperspective solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.
