Every day,investigators find a new link between a form of cancer and a particular alteration in the sequence or/and expression level of a key gene,awarding this gene the title of“biomarker”.The clinician may choose ...Every day,investigators find a new link between a form of cancer and a particular alteration in the sequence or/and expression level of a key gene,awarding this gene the title of“biomarker”.The clinician may choose from numerous available panels to assess the type of cancer based on the mutation or expression regulation(“transcriptomic signature”)of“driver”genes.However,cancer is not a“onegene show”and,together with the alleged biomarker,hundreds other genes are found as mutated or/and regulated in cancer samples.Regardless of the platform,a well-designed transcriptomic study produces three independent features for each gene:Average expression level,expression variability and coordination with expression of each other gene.While the average expression level is used in all studies to identify what genes were up-/down-regulated or turn on/off,the other two features are unfairly ignored.We use all three features to quantify the transcriptomic change during the progression of the disease and recovery in response to a treatment.Data from our published microarray experiments on cancer nodules and surrounding normal tissue from surgically removed tumors prove that the transcriptomic topologies are not only different in histopathologically distinct regions of a tumor but also dynamic and unique for each human being.We show also that the most influential genes in cancer nodules[the Gene Master Regulators(GMRs)]are significantly less influential in the normal tissue.As such,“smart”manipulation of the cancer GMRs expression may selectively kill cancer cells with little consequences on the normal ones.Therefore,we strongly recommend a really personalized approach of cancer medicine and present the experimental procedure and the mathematical algorithm to identify the most legitimate targets(GMRs)for gene therapy.展开更多
To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional ...To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.展开更多
This study utilizes two complementary models,the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Diebold–Yilmaz(TVP-VAR-DY)and the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Barunik–Křehlik(TVP-VAR-BK),to investigate...This study utilizes two complementary models,the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Diebold–Yilmaz(TVP-VAR-DY)and the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Barunik–Křehlik(TVP-VAR-BK),to investigate the dynamic volatility transmission between exchange rates and stock returns in major commodity-exporting and-importing countries.The analysis focuses on periods of quantitative easing(QE)and quantitative tightening(QT)from March 15,2020 to December 30,2022.The countries examined are Canada and Australia(major commodity exporters)and the UK and Germany(major commodity importers).An essential contribution of this paper is new empirical insights into the dynamics of stock market returns and the transmission of volatility between these markets and exchange rates during the QE and QT periods.The results reveal that causality primarily flows from stock markets to exchange rates,especially during the QT period across all investment horizons.The Toronto Stock Exchange(TSX)emerges as the principal net driver among the markets under study.Furthermore,the Canadian exchange rate(USDCAD)and the Australian Stock Exchange(ASX)are the most significantly affected indices within the network across various investment horizons(excluding the long-term).These findings underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to consider the interplay between exchange rates and stock market returns,particularly in the context of the QE and QT periods,as well as other economic,political,and health-related events.Our findings are relevant to various stakeholders,including governments,traders,portfolio managers,and multinationals.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reverse...In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reversed osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Therefore,we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tumor tissues from three NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance to analyze alterations in the expression levels of EMT markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)before and after the development of osimertinib resistance.The results revealed the downregulation of E-cadherin,coupled with the upregulation of vimentin and VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients exhibiting osimertinib resistance,compared with those in tissues from patients before receiving osimertinib.Subsequently,we established osimertinib-resistant(Osi-R)cell lines and found that the Osi-R cells acquired EMT features.Next,we analyzed the synergistic effects of the combination therapy to verify whether anlotinib could reverse osimertinib resistance by inhibiting EMT.The expression levels of VEGFA and tube formation were analyzed in the combination group in vitro.Finally,we determined the reversal of osimertinib resistance by the combination of osimertinib and anlotinib in vivo using 20 nude mice.The combined treatment of osimertinib and anlotinib effectively prevented the metastasis of Osi-R cells,inhibited tumor growth,exerted antitumor activity,and ultimately reversed osimertinib resistance in mice.The co-administration of osimertinib and anlotinib demonstrated synergistic efficacy in inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in three NSCLC patients,ultimately reversing osimertinib resistance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a debilitating and progressive pulmonary pathology that often leads to death.Guidelines recommend the use of palliative care(PC)early in the treatment course to ease t...BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a debilitating and progressive pulmonary pathology that often leads to death.Guidelines recommend the use of palliative care(PC)early in the treatment course to ease the burden of symptoms;however,uptake remains low.AIM To evaluate barriers to PC uptake and determine its association with mortality in patients with PAH.METHODS All studies discussing PC in PAH were selected in our review and analysis.Clinical and cross-sectional studies were included.Barriers were described in a qualitative fashion.A random-effects meta-analysis was also conducted,in which the odds ratio for mortality was pooled and reported,along with 95%confidence intervals.RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included in the review.The most common barriers identified included feeling like the patients were“not sick enough”,belief that PC is only appropriate for end-of-life care,belief that it would burden family members,and general feelings of hopelessness.Physicians identified structural causes,such as a lack of funding and low levels of PC-related knowledge,as barriers to recommending PC.The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in mortality across four included studies(Log odds ratio=0.89,95%confidence intervals:-3.06-1.28).Heterogeneity was high(I2=80.32%).CONCLUSION Uptake of PC in PAH is low due to patient and physician-level barriers,which can be overcome with systematic PC integration.Long-term studies are also needed to investigate the impact of PC on outcomes in PAH,as the current limited data show no significant difference.展开更多
Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic communication.High levels of anthropogenic noise,as well as vegetation structure(e.g.,in urban parks),can potentially affect the song frequency cha...Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic communication.High levels of anthropogenic noise,as well as vegetation structure(e.g.,in urban parks),can potentially affect the song frequency characteristics of several bird species.An additional factor such as the abundance of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizing birds may play an important role in determining the structure of bird songs.In this study,we analyzed whether noise levels,vegetation percentage,and abundance of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence the song characteristics of three syntopic songbird species:House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus),Rufouscollared Sparrow(Zonotrichia capensis),and House Sparrow(Passer domesticus)living in urban sites.We recorded songs of these species and measured the peak frequency and entropy of their songs at 14 sites in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas,Chiapas,Mexico.We found that the song peak frequency of House Finch and House Sparrow's songs was negatively related to the vegetation.The peak frequency of neither of the three species correlated with the average noise level.However,the abundances of conspecific and heterospecific were related to the peak frequency of the three species'songs.The entropy of the House Finch and House Sparrow songs was positively and negatively related,respectively,to noise levels.House Sparrow song entropy was negatively related to the percentage of vegetation.Song entropy of House Finches was negatively associated to conspecific and House Sparrow abundance.Song entropy of Rufous-collared Sparrows was positively related to conspecific abundance.In conclusion,the song peak frequency and song entropy of the three songbird species were differentially related to urban noise,vegetation,and conspecific and heterospecific abundance,suggesting these factors influence bird song characteristics.展开更多
Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used si...Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.展开更多
This article reports an observation on a fat strange repeller, which appears after a characteristic crisis observed in a kicked rotor subjected to a piecewise continuous force field. The discontinuity border in the de...This article reports an observation on a fat strange repeller, which appears after a characteristic crisis observed in a kicked rotor subjected to a piecewise continuous force field. The discontinuity border in the definition range of the two-dimensional mapping, which describes the system, oscillates as the discrete time develops. At a threshold of a control parameter a fat chaotic attractor suddenly transfers to a fat transient set. The strange repeller, which appears after the crisis, is also a fat fractal. This is the reason why super-transience happens展开更多
ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel with different ZrO2 contents（0%, 0.5% and 1.2%, mass fraction） was fabricated through combining middle frequency induction furnace melting and cored-wire injection technologie...ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel with different ZrO2 contents（0%, 0.5% and 1.2%, mass fraction） was fabricated through combining middle frequency induction furnace melting and cored-wire injection technologies. The microstructure and fracture surface morphology of ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel in casting, normalizing and quenching states were observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, strengthening and fracture mechanisms of the alloys were analyzed. Results showed that the dispersed ZrO2 particles added into Q345 matrix significantly enhanced its strength, and the main strengthening mechanism was the formation of dislocation cells and pinning effect caused by the addition of ZrO2 particles. Apart from that, the hard martensite phase, grain refinement and high ZrO2 particles content also played important roles in strengthening effect. Furthermore, the nanoindentation was also performed to further reveal the strengthening effect and mechanism of dispersed ZrO2 particles in Q345 steel. Results showed that the hardness of ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel increased with the increase of ZrO2 content.展开更多
Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting eff...Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability,though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance.The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2(BTO),which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation,can be formed under normal pressure and temperature(NPT)conditions.This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism.Then,current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested,respectively,including hydrogen(H2)production,carbon dioxide(CO2)and nitrogen(N2)reduction,pollutant degradation,microbial disinfection,and energy storage.Last,future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects.The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.展开更多
Post-collisional potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks are widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau, and they are considered to be indicators of evolving mantle dynamics. A suite of potassic basalts younger t...Post-collisional potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks are widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau, and they are considered to be indicators of evolving mantle dynamics. A suite of potassic basalts younger than 55 Ma from the Saga area of western Tibet has been reported. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks distinguish themselves from other potassicltrapotassic volcanic rocks in Tibet, such as positive Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), suggesting that phlogopite, rutile and/or sphene might have originated from the mantle source. These basalts are also characterized by a very wide range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709 043-0.711 915) and relatively high 143Nd/,44Nd ratios (0.512 426-0.512 470,εNd=-4.60 to -3.87). We propose a petrogenetic model for the Saga potassic rocks in which the lithospheric mantle source was infiltrated by a volatilerich (H2O, CO2) and low-degree silicate melt derived from the asthenosphere in the Middle to Late Proterozoic. After the initial Indo-Asian collision, Neo-Tethyan slab breakoff resulted in the partial melting of the previously metasomatized lithospheric mantle and the formation of the Saga potassic rocks. It is likely that the eruption of these volcanic rocks lasted at least 10 Ma.展开更多
COVID-19 patients can recover with a median SARS-CoV-2 clearance of 20 days post initial symptoms(PIS).However,we observed some COVID-19 patients with existing SARS-CoV-2 for more than 50 days PIS.This study aimed to ...COVID-19 patients can recover with a median SARS-CoV-2 clearance of 20 days post initial symptoms(PIS).However,we observed some COVID-19 patients with existing SARS-CoV-2 for more than 50 days PIS.This study aimed to investigate the cause of viral clearance delay and the infectivity in these patients.Demographic data and clinical characteristics of 22 long-term COVID-19 patients were collected.The median age of the studied cohort was59.83±12.94 years.All patients were clinically cured after long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection ranging from 53 to112 days PIS.Peripheral lymphocytes counts were normal.The ratios of interferon gamma(IFN-c)-secreting cells to total CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells were normal as 24.68%±9.60%and 66.41%±14.87%respectively.However,the number of IFNc-secreting NK cells diminished(58.03%±11.78%).All patients presented detectable IgG,which positively correlated with mild neutralizing activity(Mean value neutralisation antibodies titers=157.2,P=0.05).No SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated in Vero E6 cells inoculated with nasopharyngeal swab samples from all patients 50 days PIS,and the cytopathic effect was lacking.But one sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test in cell supernatants after two passages.Genome sequencing revealed that only three synonymous variants were identified in spike protein coding regions.In conclusion,decreased IFN-c production by NK cells and low neutralizing antibodies might favor SARS-CoV-2 long-term existence.Further,low viral load and weak viral pathogenicity were observed in COVID-19 patients with long-term SARSCoV-2 infection.展开更多
文摘Every day,investigators find a new link between a form of cancer and a particular alteration in the sequence or/and expression level of a key gene,awarding this gene the title of“biomarker”.The clinician may choose from numerous available panels to assess the type of cancer based on the mutation or expression regulation(“transcriptomic signature”)of“driver”genes.However,cancer is not a“onegene show”and,together with the alleged biomarker,hundreds other genes are found as mutated or/and regulated in cancer samples.Regardless of the platform,a well-designed transcriptomic study produces three independent features for each gene:Average expression level,expression variability and coordination with expression of each other gene.While the average expression level is used in all studies to identify what genes were up-/down-regulated or turn on/off,the other two features are unfairly ignored.We use all three features to quantify the transcriptomic change during the progression of the disease and recovery in response to a treatment.Data from our published microarray experiments on cancer nodules and surrounding normal tissue from surgically removed tumors prove that the transcriptomic topologies are not only different in histopathologically distinct regions of a tumor but also dynamic and unique for each human being.We show also that the most influential genes in cancer nodules[the Gene Master Regulators(GMRs)]are significantly less influential in the normal tissue.As such,“smart”manipulation of the cancer GMRs expression may selectively kill cancer cells with little consequences on the normal ones.Therefore,we strongly recommend a really personalized approach of cancer medicine and present the experimental procedure and the mathematical algorithm to identify the most legitimate targets(GMRs)for gene therapy.
基金upported by a grant from the Capital Foundation of Medical Development(CN)(No.2020-3-4068).
文摘To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.
文摘This study utilizes two complementary models,the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Diebold–Yilmaz(TVP-VAR-DY)and the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Barunik–Křehlik(TVP-VAR-BK),to investigate the dynamic volatility transmission between exchange rates and stock returns in major commodity-exporting and-importing countries.The analysis focuses on periods of quantitative easing(QE)and quantitative tightening(QT)from March 15,2020 to December 30,2022.The countries examined are Canada and Australia(major commodity exporters)and the UK and Germany(major commodity importers).An essential contribution of this paper is new empirical insights into the dynamics of stock market returns and the transmission of volatility between these markets and exchange rates during the QE and QT periods.The results reveal that causality primarily flows from stock markets to exchange rates,especially during the QT period across all investment horizons.The Toronto Stock Exchange(TSX)emerges as the principal net driver among the markets under study.Furthermore,the Canadian exchange rate(USDCAD)and the Australian Stock Exchange(ASX)are the most significantly affected indices within the network across various investment horizons(excluding the long-term).These findings underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to consider the interplay between exchange rates and stock market returns,particularly in the context of the QE and QT periods,as well as other economic,political,and health-related events.Our findings are relevant to various stakeholders,including governments,traders,portfolio managers,and multinationals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82172728,82370096).
文摘In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reversed osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Therefore,we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tumor tissues from three NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance to analyze alterations in the expression levels of EMT markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)before and after the development of osimertinib resistance.The results revealed the downregulation of E-cadherin,coupled with the upregulation of vimentin and VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients exhibiting osimertinib resistance,compared with those in tissues from patients before receiving osimertinib.Subsequently,we established osimertinib-resistant(Osi-R)cell lines and found that the Osi-R cells acquired EMT features.Next,we analyzed the synergistic effects of the combination therapy to verify whether anlotinib could reverse osimertinib resistance by inhibiting EMT.The expression levels of VEGFA and tube formation were analyzed in the combination group in vitro.Finally,we determined the reversal of osimertinib resistance by the combination of osimertinib and anlotinib in vivo using 20 nude mice.The combined treatment of osimertinib and anlotinib effectively prevented the metastasis of Osi-R cells,inhibited tumor growth,exerted antitumor activity,and ultimately reversed osimertinib resistance in mice.The co-administration of osimertinib and anlotinib demonstrated synergistic efficacy in inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in three NSCLC patients,ultimately reversing osimertinib resistance.
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a debilitating and progressive pulmonary pathology that often leads to death.Guidelines recommend the use of palliative care(PC)early in the treatment course to ease the burden of symptoms;however,uptake remains low.AIM To evaluate barriers to PC uptake and determine its association with mortality in patients with PAH.METHODS All studies discussing PC in PAH were selected in our review and analysis.Clinical and cross-sectional studies were included.Barriers were described in a qualitative fashion.A random-effects meta-analysis was also conducted,in which the odds ratio for mortality was pooled and reported,along with 95%confidence intervals.RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included in the review.The most common barriers identified included feeling like the patients were“not sick enough”,belief that PC is only appropriate for end-of-life care,belief that it would burden family members,and general feelings of hopelessness.Physicians identified structural causes,such as a lack of funding and low levels of PC-related knowledge,as barriers to recommending PC.The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in mortality across four included studies(Log odds ratio=0.89,95%confidence intervals:-3.06-1.28).Heterogeneity was high(I2=80.32%).CONCLUSION Uptake of PC in PAH is low due to patient and physician-level barriers,which can be overcome with systematic PC integration.Long-term studies are also needed to investigate the impact of PC on outcomes in PAH,as the current limited data show no significant difference.
基金the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)of Mexico for providing funding for graduate studies of X.D.L. (No.001283)El Colegio de la Frontera Sur for PATM graduate fellowship for fieldwork。
文摘Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic communication.High levels of anthropogenic noise,as well as vegetation structure(e.g.,in urban parks),can potentially affect the song frequency characteristics of several bird species.An additional factor such as the abundance of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizing birds may play an important role in determining the structure of bird songs.In this study,we analyzed whether noise levels,vegetation percentage,and abundance of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence the song characteristics of three syntopic songbird species:House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus),Rufouscollared Sparrow(Zonotrichia capensis),and House Sparrow(Passer domesticus)living in urban sites.We recorded songs of these species and measured the peak frequency and entropy of their songs at 14 sites in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas,Chiapas,Mexico.We found that the song peak frequency of House Finch and House Sparrow's songs was negatively related to the vegetation.The peak frequency of neither of the three species correlated with the average noise level.However,the abundances of conspecific and heterospecific were related to the peak frequency of the three species'songs.The entropy of the House Finch and House Sparrow songs was positively and negatively related,respectively,to noise levels.House Sparrow song entropy was negatively related to the percentage of vegetation.Song entropy of House Finches was negatively associated to conspecific and House Sparrow abundance.Song entropy of Rufous-collared Sparrows was positively related to conspecific abundance.In conclusion,the song peak frequency and song entropy of the three songbird species were differentially related to urban noise,vegetation,and conspecific and heterospecific abundance,suggesting these factors influence bird song characteristics.
基金supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R022-D1)Global Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s/Ph D students and Post-Doc Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00301938)+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (RS-2024-00406152,MSIT)Additional financial support was provided by the 2024 Post-Doc Development Program of Pusan National University,Korea Medical Institute,and KREONET。
文摘Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10275053)
文摘This article reports an observation on a fat strange repeller, which appears after a characteristic crisis observed in a kicked rotor subjected to a piecewise continuous force field. The discontinuity border in the definition range of the two-dimensional mapping, which describes the system, oscillates as the discrete time develops. At a threshold of a control parameter a fat chaotic attractor suddenly transfers to a fat transient set. The strange repeller, which appears after the crisis, is also a fat fractal. This is the reason why super-transience happens
基金Projects(51671166,51434008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013CB733000)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel with different ZrO2 contents（0%, 0.5% and 1.2%, mass fraction） was fabricated through combining middle frequency induction furnace melting and cored-wire injection technologies. The microstructure and fracture surface morphology of ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel in casting, normalizing and quenching states were observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, strengthening and fracture mechanisms of the alloys were analyzed. Results showed that the dispersed ZrO2 particles added into Q345 matrix significantly enhanced its strength, and the main strengthening mechanism was the formation of dislocation cells and pinning effect caused by the addition of ZrO2 particles. Apart from that, the hard martensite phase, grain refinement and high ZrO2 particles content also played important roles in strengthening effect. Furthermore, the nanoindentation was also performed to further reveal the strengthening effect and mechanism of dispersed ZrO2 particles in Q345 steel. Results showed that the hardness of ZrO2 dispersion-strengthened Q345 steel increased with the increase of ZrO2 content.
基金This work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R011-D1)partially supported by the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(20004627)the INNOPOLIS Foundation(2019-DD-SB-0602).
文摘Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity,energy storage capability,low cost,high chemical stability,and nontoxicity.However,conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability,though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance.The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2(BTO),which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation,can be formed under normal pressure and temperature(NPT)conditions.This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism.Then,current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested,respectively,including hydrogen(H2)production,carbon dioxide(CO2)and nitrogen(N2)reduction,pollutant degradation,microbial disinfection,and energy storage.Last,future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects.The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No 2014DFR21270)China Geological Survey (Nos. DD20160023-01, DD20160022-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41720104009, 41672063, 41773029)
文摘Post-collisional potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks are widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau, and they are considered to be indicators of evolving mantle dynamics. A suite of potassic basalts younger than 55 Ma from the Saga area of western Tibet has been reported. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks distinguish themselves from other potassicltrapotassic volcanic rocks in Tibet, such as positive Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), suggesting that phlogopite, rutile and/or sphene might have originated from the mantle source. These basalts are also characterized by a very wide range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709 043-0.711 915) and relatively high 143Nd/,44Nd ratios (0.512 426-0.512 470,εNd=-4.60 to -3.87). We propose a petrogenetic model for the Saga potassic rocks in which the lithospheric mantle source was infiltrated by a volatilerich (H2O, CO2) and low-degree silicate melt derived from the asthenosphere in the Middle to Late Proterozoic. After the initial Indo-Asian collision, Neo-Tethyan slab breakoff resulted in the partial melting of the previously metasomatized lithospheric mantle and the formation of the Saga potassic rocks. It is likely that the eruption of these volcanic rocks lasted at least 10 Ma.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(81800095)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Hubei province(2020FCA004)。
文摘COVID-19 patients can recover with a median SARS-CoV-2 clearance of 20 days post initial symptoms(PIS).However,we observed some COVID-19 patients with existing SARS-CoV-2 for more than 50 days PIS.This study aimed to investigate the cause of viral clearance delay and the infectivity in these patients.Demographic data and clinical characteristics of 22 long-term COVID-19 patients were collected.The median age of the studied cohort was59.83±12.94 years.All patients were clinically cured after long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection ranging from 53 to112 days PIS.Peripheral lymphocytes counts were normal.The ratios of interferon gamma(IFN-c)-secreting cells to total CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells were normal as 24.68%±9.60%and 66.41%±14.87%respectively.However,the number of IFNc-secreting NK cells diminished(58.03%±11.78%).All patients presented detectable IgG,which positively correlated with mild neutralizing activity(Mean value neutralisation antibodies titers=157.2,P=0.05).No SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated in Vero E6 cells inoculated with nasopharyngeal swab samples from all patients 50 days PIS,and the cytopathic effect was lacking.But one sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test in cell supernatants after two passages.Genome sequencing revealed that only three synonymous variants were identified in spike protein coding regions.In conclusion,decreased IFN-c production by NK cells and low neutralizing antibodies might favor SARS-CoV-2 long-term existence.Further,low viral load and weak viral pathogenicity were observed in COVID-19 patients with long-term SARSCoV-2 infection.
