The increasing use of petroleum-derived fuels over the last few decades has subsequently augmented the risk of spills in the environment. Soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons(principally caused by leaks in pipel...The increasing use of petroleum-derived fuels over the last few decades has subsequently augmented the risk of spills in the environment. Soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons(principally caused by leaks in pipelines and underground storage tanks) is one of the major sources of soil degradation. Once in soil, fuel hydrocarbons suffer from a wide variety of multiphase processes including transport(advection, diffusion, and dispersion) among and within phases(aqueous and non-aqueous liquid, gas, and soil solids), mass transfer among phases(volatilization, sorption, and solution), and other natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation and plant uptake and metabolism. This review identifies and describes the major processes occurring in soil that have a significant influence on the environmental fate of petroleum hydrocarbons. The definition of the processes involved in pollutant migration and distribution in soil and the formulation of adequate equations using accurate parameters(e.g., diffusion coefficients, velocity of advective flows, and mass transfer coefficients) will allow prediction of the final fate of soil pollutants. In addition to transport and mass transfer processes,which are more widely studied, the incorporation of attenuation mechanisms driven by microorganisms and plants is essential to predict the final concentration of the pollutants in the whole multiphase scenario. This work underlines the importance of the determination of accurate parameters through the performance of laboratory and/or field-scale experiments to develop precise pollutant migration models.展开更多
The main advantages of the use of ionic liquids in enhanced oil recovery are their tunability and stability in harsh environmental conditions. In this work, a comprehensive review of ionic liquids proposed to improve ...The main advantages of the use of ionic liquids in enhanced oil recovery are their tunability and stability in harsh environmental conditions. In this work, a comprehensive review of ionic liquids proposed to improve current chemical oil recovery methods has been presented, focusing on core flooding experiments. With an almost infinite number of possible ionic liquids, the amount of experiments carried out up to now has been very limited. However, results are promising, with additional recovery after secondary flooding of up to 32% of the original oil in place. Most formulations with ionic liquids have been proposed for sandstone reservoirs, the number of studies with carbonate cores being very scarce. The possibilities of a new room temperature surface active ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate,for this application were analyzed. It was shown that it is able to drastically reduce the water/oil interfacial tension. An optimized formulation was proposed for carbonate reservoirs. After secondary flooding with brine, an additional recovery of 10.5% of original oil in place was achieved at room conditions. A combination of the proposed method followed by a polymer flooding step with polyacrylamide led to a lesser but still significant recovery, reducing the costs associated to the ionic liquid.展开更多
The use of nanoparticles is considered promising for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),especially when they are combined with surfactants.However,the combination of nano-sized material with surface-active ionic liquids(SAILs...The use of nanoparticles is considered promising for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),especially when they are combined with surfactants.However,the combination of nano-sized material with surface-active ionic liquids(SAILs)is an unexplored EOR method.In this work,the advantages of mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with the SAIL 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride were investigated.Stable nanofluids in brine could only be achieved using the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as a stabilizing agent.It was found that the addition of nanoparticles(and PVP)to the surfactant formulation helped to:slightly increase its viscosity,enhance its water-oil interfacial tension(IFT)reduction capacity,and reduce the adsorption on carbonate rocks(adsorption on sandstone was found to be excessive).IFT was selected as target property to minimize for the design of EOR formulations.Core flooding tests were carried out with surfactant(0.5 wt%[C_(12)py]Cl),surfactant-polymer(0.5 wt%[C_(12)py]Cl,1.0 wt%PVP)and nanofluid(0.05 wt%Al_(2)O_(3),1.0 wt%PVP,0.5 wt%[C12py]Cl)formulations in brine(0.5 wt%NaCl).Additional oil recoveries of 3.4%,7.4%and 12.0%OOIP were achieved,respectively,the nanofluid formulation being the most promising for the application.Moreover,it was found capable of changing the wettability of carbonate rocks from oilwet to intermediate-wet.The significance of this work lies in showing the new possibilities resulting from the combination of SAILs and nanoparticles for EOR,specifically the combination of[C_(12)py]Cl with Al_(2)O_(3).展开更多
The valorization of sewage sludge and food waste to produce energy and fertilizers is a well-stablished strategy within the circular economy.Despite the success of numerous laboratory-scale experiments in converting w...The valorization of sewage sludge and food waste to produce energy and fertilizers is a well-stablished strategy within the circular economy.Despite the success of numerous laboratory-scale experiments in converting waste into high-value products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs),large-scale implementation remains limited due to various technical and environmental challenges.Here,we evaluate the environmental performance of a hypothetical large-scale VFAs biorefinery located in Galicia,Spain,which integrates fermentation and purification processes to obtain commercial-grade VFAs based on primary data from pilot plant operations.We identify potential environmental hotspots,assess the influence of different feedstocks,and perform sensitivity analyses on critical factors like transportation distances and pH control methods,using life cycle assessment.Our findings reveal that,on a per-product basis,food waste provides superior environmental performance compared to sewage sludge,which,conversely,performs better when assessed per mass of waste valorized.This suggests that higher process productivity from more suitable wastes leads to lower environmental impacts but must be balanced against increased energy and chemical consumption,as food waste processing requires more electricity for pretreatment and solid-liquid separation.Further analysis reveals that the main operational impacts are chemical-related,primarily due to the use of NaOH for pH adjustment.Additionally,facility location is critical,potentially accounting for up to 99%of operational impacts due to transportation.Overall,our analysis demonstrates that the proposed VFAs biorefinery has a carbon footprint comparable to other bio-based technologies.However,enhancements in VFAs purification processes are necessary to fully replace petrochemical production.These findings highlight the potential of waste valorization into VFAs as a sustainable alternative,emphasizing the importance of process optimization and strategic facility placement.展开更多
基金supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Interreg Sudoe Program (No. PhytoSUDOE401-SOE1/P5/E0189)the Galician government (Agrupación Estratéxica CRETUS+1 种基金 No. 402 AGRU2015/02)a postdoctoral fellowship (No. ED481B 2017/073) granted to Dr. Balseiro-Romero by the Consellería de Cultura, Educacióne Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia, Spain)
文摘The increasing use of petroleum-derived fuels over the last few decades has subsequently augmented the risk of spills in the environment. Soil pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons(principally caused by leaks in pipelines and underground storage tanks) is one of the major sources of soil degradation. Once in soil, fuel hydrocarbons suffer from a wide variety of multiphase processes including transport(advection, diffusion, and dispersion) among and within phases(aqueous and non-aqueous liquid, gas, and soil solids), mass transfer among phases(volatilization, sorption, and solution), and other natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation and plant uptake and metabolism. This review identifies and describes the major processes occurring in soil that have a significant influence on the environmental fate of petroleum hydrocarbons. The definition of the processes involved in pollutant migration and distribution in soil and the formulation of adequate equations using accurate parameters(e.g., diffusion coefficients, velocity of advective flows, and mass transfer coefficients) will allow prediction of the final fate of soil pollutants. In addition to transport and mass transfer processes,which are more widely studied, the incorporation of attenuation mechanisms driven by microorganisms and plants is essential to predict the final concentration of the pollutants in the whole multiphase scenario. This work underlines the importance of the determination of accurate parameters through the performance of laboratory and/or field-scale experiments to develop precise pollutant migration models.
基金the Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency for financial support throughout project PGC2018-097342-B-I00, including European Regional Development Fund。
文摘The main advantages of the use of ionic liquids in enhanced oil recovery are their tunability and stability in harsh environmental conditions. In this work, a comprehensive review of ionic liquids proposed to improve current chemical oil recovery methods has been presented, focusing on core flooding experiments. With an almost infinite number of possible ionic liquids, the amount of experiments carried out up to now has been very limited. However, results are promising, with additional recovery after secondary flooding of up to 32% of the original oil in place. Most formulations with ionic liquids have been proposed for sandstone reservoirs, the number of studies with carbonate cores being very scarce. The possibilities of a new room temperature surface active ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate,for this application were analyzed. It was shown that it is able to drastically reduce the water/oil interfacial tension. An optimized formulation was proposed for carbonate reservoirs. After secondary flooding with brine, an additional recovery of 10.5% of original oil in place was achieved at room conditions. A combination of the proposed method followed by a polymer flooding step with polyacrylamide led to a lesser but still significant recovery, reducing the costs associated to the ionic liquid.
基金The authors acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency for financial support throughout project PGC2018-097342-B-I00,including European Regional Development Fund A.Al-Asadi acknowledges Sothern Technical University for financial support.
文摘The use of nanoparticles is considered promising for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),especially when they are combined with surfactants.However,the combination of nano-sized material with surface-active ionic liquids(SAILs)is an unexplored EOR method.In this work,the advantages of mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with the SAIL 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride were investigated.Stable nanofluids in brine could only be achieved using the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as a stabilizing agent.It was found that the addition of nanoparticles(and PVP)to the surfactant formulation helped to:slightly increase its viscosity,enhance its water-oil interfacial tension(IFT)reduction capacity,and reduce the adsorption on carbonate rocks(adsorption on sandstone was found to be excessive).IFT was selected as target property to minimize for the design of EOR formulations.Core flooding tests were carried out with surfactant(0.5 wt%[C_(12)py]Cl),surfactant-polymer(0.5 wt%[C_(12)py]Cl,1.0 wt%PVP)and nanofluid(0.05 wt%Al_(2)O_(3),1.0 wt%PVP,0.5 wt%[C12py]Cl)formulations in brine(0.5 wt%NaCl).Additional oil recoveries of 3.4%,7.4%and 12.0%OOIP were achieved,respectively,the nanofluid formulation being the most promising for the application.Moreover,it was found capable of changing the wettability of carbonate rocks from oilwet to intermediate-wet.The significance of this work lies in showing the new possibilities resulting from the combination of SAILs and nanoparticles for EOR,specifically the combination of[C_(12)py]Cl with Al_(2)O_(3).
基金supported by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR,and the project Biological Resources Certifications Schemes(BIORECER)funded by the European Executive Agency under call HORIZON CL6-2021-ZEROPOLLUTION-01(101060684)It was also carried out thanks to the INTERREG ECOVAL and CIGAT CIRCULAR projects,funded by Interreg Sudoe and the Xunta de Galicia and Viaqua,respectively.
文摘The valorization of sewage sludge and food waste to produce energy and fertilizers is a well-stablished strategy within the circular economy.Despite the success of numerous laboratory-scale experiments in converting waste into high-value products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs),large-scale implementation remains limited due to various technical and environmental challenges.Here,we evaluate the environmental performance of a hypothetical large-scale VFAs biorefinery located in Galicia,Spain,which integrates fermentation and purification processes to obtain commercial-grade VFAs based on primary data from pilot plant operations.We identify potential environmental hotspots,assess the influence of different feedstocks,and perform sensitivity analyses on critical factors like transportation distances and pH control methods,using life cycle assessment.Our findings reveal that,on a per-product basis,food waste provides superior environmental performance compared to sewage sludge,which,conversely,performs better when assessed per mass of waste valorized.This suggests that higher process productivity from more suitable wastes leads to lower environmental impacts but must be balanced against increased energy and chemical consumption,as food waste processing requires more electricity for pretreatment and solid-liquid separation.Further analysis reveals that the main operational impacts are chemical-related,primarily due to the use of NaOH for pH adjustment.Additionally,facility location is critical,potentially accounting for up to 99%of operational impacts due to transportation.Overall,our analysis demonstrates that the proposed VFAs biorefinery has a carbon footprint comparable to other bio-based technologies.However,enhancements in VFAs purification processes are necessary to fully replace petrochemical production.These findings highlight the potential of waste valorization into VFAs as a sustainable alternative,emphasizing the importance of process optimization and strategic facility placement.
