The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(...The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)in Computer Science(Section 6),as presented by a National Committee for Scientific Research(CoNRS)committee president.Rejecting bibliometrics like impact factors,CNRS emphasizes in-depth peer review of research quality,diverse outputs(e.g.,software and datasets),and field-specific considerations.The process,aligned with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment(DORA),faces challenges in scalability and subjectivity,addressed through committee diversity and structured deliberation.This work provides insights for institutions seeking fairer,more holistic research evaluation frameworks.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.展开更多
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead ...Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead to severe health issues.Amyloid plaque formation in the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases,including Tau and Aβplaques in Alzheimer’s disease,α-synuclein plaques in Parkinson’s disease,and huntingtin plaques in Huntington’s disease.Although this condition is typically associated with aging,certain mutations in amyloid-forming proteins can trigger early-onset amyloidosis(Hatami et al.,2017).Given its progressive and life-threatening nature,early detection and treatment are crucial.展开更多
DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangem...DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangements during B cell development,but its role in terminal plasma cell(PC)differentiation has not been explored.Although DIS3 gene alterations are frequent in multiple myeloma(MM),a PC malignancy,their molecular impact remains poorly understood.In this study,we developed an antisense oligonucleotide strategy to knock down DIS3 expression in a well-characterized model of human PC differentiation.Reducing DIS3 expression systematically led to decreased B cell proliferation and impaired PC differentiation with lower levels of switched immunoglobulin secretion.Transcriptome analyses confirmed alterations in the proliferation and differentiation programs,alongside an accumulation of noncoding RNAs.Notably,centromere-associated noncoding RNAs were highly sensitive to DIS3 activity,and their accumulation in DIS3-deficient cells,either as transcripts or DNA-associated RNAs,correlated with the mislocalization of the centromere-specific histone variant CENP-A.We finally observed reduced physiological DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation but increased genomic instability in DIS3-deficient cells,in agreement with the higher levels of IGH translocations observed in our large cohort of DIS3-mutant MM patients.Together,these results underscore the essential role of DIS3 in regulating B cell proliferation,DNA recombination,and physiological or malignant PC differentiation in humans.展开更多
Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and s...Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)Ni...This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.展开更多
The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocar...The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocarnosa was described from China in 2009,and since then,it has become the only available scientific name for‘dahongjun’.Nevertheless,several lineages exist within this complex,and whether these lineages represent real species is still an open question.Sampling in major producing areas of‘dahongjun’and phylogenetic species recognition using multi-locus data were conducted.Besides R.griseocarnosa nine additional species were identified under the commercial name‘dahongjun’,including R.dhakuriana,R.quercina,R.purpureozonata,R.yanheensis and a new species sister to R.griseocarnosa here described as R.occulta.The others were undescribed species close to R.laricina,R.lepida,and R.purpureozonata respectively.Six evolutionary lineages within R.griseocarnosa were defined by genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition based on five-locus DNA data.Conflicts among different genealogies suggested that R.griseocarnosa is best considered as a single phylogenetic species,comprising several infraspecific taxa.Lower coverage whole genome sequencing of R.griseocarnosa holotype discovered that its three individuals belong to three different clades.Lectotypification was made using one of the three individuals.A new variety R.griseocarnosa var.ailaoshanensis is described to name one of the terminal clades that is mainly distributed in Ailao Mountains.This variety differs morphologically from the type variety in its nearly white context,bigger spores and more inflated hyphae in the pileipellis.The morphological and molecular data provided in this study are helpful to identify wild edible mushrooms of Russula subgen.Russula.展开更多
Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can ...Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle.Here,we assessed the contribution of winter-available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D.suzukii,under fluctuating late winter/early spring temperature regimes.We infested an artificial diet and three suitable fruit species available in winter/early spring(Aucuba japonica,Elaeagnus×submacrophylla,Viscum album)with D.suzukii larvae under three temperature regimes:constant 20℃,fluctuating controlled regime of 8-15℃(12 h of light at 8℃ and 12 h of dark at 15℃),and uncontrolled outdoor regime during spring.As expected,fly performance was impaired by early spring-like environmental conditions,whatever the development diet,and the winter fruit were suboptimal diets compared to the artificial diet,whatever the thermal regime.However,under cold fluctuating temperature regimes,the ranking of fruit supporting the best performance changed,highlighting the occurrence of physiological trade-offs.Winter-acclimated females preferentially oviposited in A.japonica and/or E.×submacrophylla,whatever the thermal regime,which does not support the preference-performance hypothesis.This finding is also discussed in the context of D.suzukii management strategies.展开更多
Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for thera...Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a...Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.展开更多
Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing perfor...Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.展开更多
Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derive...Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread...Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread application remains constrained by intrinsic mechanical limitations,fundamentally rooted in the nature of crystallographic defects.Atomic-scale modeling techniques are transforming our ability to unravel the structures,energetics,and dynamics of these defects and to explore their complex interactions,thereby guiding defect engineering in Mg alloys.However,the growing body of available data can make it difficult for researchers to identify critical knowledge gaps and promising areas for further exploration.To address this challenge,we highlight key research domains with significant potential for impactful advancements,aiming to illuminate these areas while inspiring innovative approaches and encouraging deeper exploration of pivotal topics that may shape the future of Mg alloy development.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in atomic-scale modeling of defects in Mg and its alloys.We introduce key simulation methodologies,including density functional theory and atomistic simulations,and highlight their applications to defect distribution,defect dynamics,and defect-defect interactions.By bridging fundamental insights in defects with alloy design strategies,this review aims to support and inspire the broader Mg research community and to underscore the growing impact of atomic-scale modeling in the accelerated development of high-performance Mg alloys.展开更多
This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is si...This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is simply supported,fully submerged and filled with air inside.A classical shell theory using a Double Fourier series solution combined with the first-order Doubly Asymptotic Approximation(DAA1)formulation is adapted to model the fluid-structure interaction.An explicit non-standard finite difference scheme is applied to solve the coupled differential equations in time domain.The validity of DAA1 model is established by comparing the LS-DYNA/USA finite element results with existing experimental data from the literature.Then the proposed semi-analytical solutions are compared to the LS-DYNA/USA results,showing good correlation with a discrepancy of 7%for peak deflections and±9%for maximum stresses at the stand-off point for cylinders with relatively small length over radius ratios.Parametric studies examining the effect of different loading conditions,areal masses,and material configurations reveal that a large charge mass located far from the composite panel turns out to be more damaging than a small mass located nearby due to a broader pressure-time profile.Finally,the proposed model demonstrates a significant reduction in computation time,being approximately 30 times faster than its numerical counterpart,LS-DYNA/USA,making it a valuable tool for the preliminary design stages.展开更多
The 1739 M8.0 Pingluo earthquake occurred around the Yinchuan Graben,bounded by the Helan Mountains to the west and the Ordos Block to the east.Seismological observations have shown that surface fault displacement rea...The 1739 M8.0 Pingluo earthquake occurred around the Yinchuan Graben,bounded by the Helan Mountains to the west and the Ordos Block to the east.Seismological observations have shown that surface fault displacement reaches about 2–3 m,mainly by dip-slip motion along the Helanshan Piedmont Fault.However,the documented seismic intensity is distributed predominantly within the basin area,exhibiting a sharp asymmetry across the Helanshan Piedmont Fault.Thus,the general pattern of earthquake faulting is still under debate.We built a three-dimensional elastodynamic finiteelement model to reappraise the fault mechanism.In the model,predictions from synthetic rupture models,based on available observations and the earthquake scaling law,were used as an input with the split-node technique,and the effect of basin sediment on elastic wave propagation was considered.The numerical results show that if an earthquake occurred on the Helanshan Piedmont Fault characterized by a high-angle(70°)normal fault,earthquake shaking,as predicted from the modeled peak ground velocity and peak ground acceleration,has difficulty fitting the observed result,even when the effect of sediment amplification is considered.To better fit the observed shaking pattern,the dip angle of the Helanshan Piedmont Fault must be less than about 35°between the depths of about 8–27 km,where the coseismic slip may reach about 6 m.This result leads us to conclude that the 1739 M8.0 great earthquake likely occurred on a listric normal fault at depth,in agreement with the geometry of the Helanshan Piedmont Fault,as recently evidenced by seismic reflection explorations.This conclusion means that in an intracontinental setting,a reduction in the fault dip angle along the subsurface could increase the width of the fault in the elastic crust,making misalignment between the surface rupture and the isoseismals and resulting in an increase in the upper bound of earthquake magnitude relative to simple high-angle faulting.展开更多
Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,espe...Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular st...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs.Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis,both direct and indirect,including chronic antigenic stimulation,direct infection of B cells,and viral protein-mediated oncogenic signaling,It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma.The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic HCV or HBV infection presents a complex pathogenetic scenario,given the tumor heterogeneity and variable clinical behavior,and poses therapeutic challenges,due to the partial efficacy of current treatment options.The advent of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for HCV and high-genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)for HBV has improved patient outcomes.In indolent HCV-associated B-NHLs,antiviral therapy with DAAs alone often achieves sustained virologic response and may lead to lymphoma regression.Conversely,aggressive subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas require combination treatment with immunochemotherapy.In the setting of HBV-associated lymphomas,antiviral prophylaxis with potent NAs(e.g.,entecavir or tenofovir)is essential to prevent HBV reactivation during rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen.The integration of antiviral and anticancer therapies has been shown to enhance survival outcomes while mitigating hepatic toxicity.A comprehensive understanding of the biological interplay between chronic viral infection and B-cell transformation is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Aim of this viewpoint is to provide evidence that early viral detection and prompt management remain the most effective strategies to improve survival rates and to reduce treatment-related morbidity in these patients.展开更多
Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential ampli...Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.展开更多
The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore functio...The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).展开更多
文摘The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)in Computer Science(Section 6),as presented by a National Committee for Scientific Research(CoNRS)committee president.Rejecting bibliometrics like impact factors,CNRS emphasizes in-depth peer review of research quality,diverse outputs(e.g.,software and datasets),and field-specific considerations.The process,aligned with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment(DORA),faces challenges in scalability and subjectivity,addressed through committee diversity and structured deliberation.This work provides insights for institutions seeking fairer,more holistic research evaluation frameworks.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
基金supported in part by a CIFRE PhD fellowship through the“Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie”(ANRT)program,in collaboration between PROTERA and“Center National de la Recherche Scientifique”(CNRS)to VGby EU COST Action ML4NGP CA21160 to VG and AVK+1 种基金the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale(grant MND202310017898)to AVKthe AFM-Téléthon(grant n°28988)to AVK.
文摘Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibrils(misfolded protein aggregates)in various human tissues.These amyloid deposits can interfere with normal organ function and lead to severe health issues.Amyloid plaque formation in the brain is linked to neurodegenerative diseases,including Tau and Aβplaques in Alzheimer’s disease,α-synuclein plaques in Parkinson’s disease,and huntingtin plaques in Huntington’s disease.Although this condition is typically associated with aging,certain mutations in amyloid-forming proteins can trigger early-onset amyloidosis(Hatami et al.,2017).Given its progressive and life-threatening nature,early detection and treatment are crucial.
基金supported by the following grants:Agence nationale de la recherche(ANR)grant R23192NNInstitut national du cancer(INCa)grant PLBIO22-217+2 种基金Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer(ARC)grant ARCPJA2021060003753 and PRTK 2021-025Ligue contre le cancer Grand-OuestAllocations de Recherche Doctorale région Bretagne/Inserm PhD fellowship.
文摘DIS3 is the main catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome,a complex playing a crucial role in RNA processing and the degradation of various noncoding RNA substrates.In mice,DIS3 is essential for genomic rearrangements during B cell development,but its role in terminal plasma cell(PC)differentiation has not been explored.Although DIS3 gene alterations are frequent in multiple myeloma(MM),a PC malignancy,their molecular impact remains poorly understood.In this study,we developed an antisense oligonucleotide strategy to knock down DIS3 expression in a well-characterized model of human PC differentiation.Reducing DIS3 expression systematically led to decreased B cell proliferation and impaired PC differentiation with lower levels of switched immunoglobulin secretion.Transcriptome analyses confirmed alterations in the proliferation and differentiation programs,alongside an accumulation of noncoding RNAs.Notably,centromere-associated noncoding RNAs were highly sensitive to DIS3 activity,and their accumulation in DIS3-deficient cells,either as transcripts or DNA-associated RNAs,correlated with the mislocalization of the centromere-specific histone variant CENP-A.We finally observed reduced physiological DNA recombination and somatic hypermutation but increased genomic instability in DIS3-deficient cells,in agreement with the higher levels of IGH translocations observed in our large cohort of DIS3-mutant MM patients.Together,these results underscore the essential role of DIS3 in regulating B cell proliferation,DNA recombination,and physiological or malignant PC differentiation in humans.
基金financially supported by the Bordeaux Wine Interprofessional Council(French acronym CIVB)in the framework of the EXTRACUIVRE projectby the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)in the framework of the COPOFTEA projectpartially supported by the TSU Program Priority 2030,Russia。
文摘Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements no.824072(Harvestore project)no.101017709(EPISTORE)by the Centre of Excellence of Multifunctional Architectured Materials“CEMAM”no.ANR-10-LABX-44-01 as part of the“Investments for the Future”Program.
文摘This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170022)the 2023 Biodiversity Monitoring-special Investigation of Wild Fungi Issued by Chuxiong Management Bureau of Yunnan Ailao Mountains National Nature Reserve,the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project(2019HJ2096001006)the“Investigation of Macrofungi of Maguan County”Issued by Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China.
文摘The informal term‘dahongjun’or‘big red mushroom’is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China,originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa.Russula griseocarnosa was described from China in 2009,and since then,it has become the only available scientific name for‘dahongjun’.Nevertheless,several lineages exist within this complex,and whether these lineages represent real species is still an open question.Sampling in major producing areas of‘dahongjun’and phylogenetic species recognition using multi-locus data were conducted.Besides R.griseocarnosa nine additional species were identified under the commercial name‘dahongjun’,including R.dhakuriana,R.quercina,R.purpureozonata,R.yanheensis and a new species sister to R.griseocarnosa here described as R.occulta.The others were undescribed species close to R.laricina,R.lepida,and R.purpureozonata respectively.Six evolutionary lineages within R.griseocarnosa were defined by genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition based on five-locus DNA data.Conflicts among different genealogies suggested that R.griseocarnosa is best considered as a single phylogenetic species,comprising several infraspecific taxa.Lower coverage whole genome sequencing of R.griseocarnosa holotype discovered that its three individuals belong to three different clades.Lectotypification was made using one of the three individuals.A new variety R.griseocarnosa var.ailaoshanensis is described to name one of the terminal clades that is mainly distributed in Ailao Mountains.This variety differs morphologically from the type variety in its nearly white context,bigger spores and more inflated hyphae in the pileipellis.The morphological and molecular data provided in this study are helpful to identify wild edible mushrooms of Russula subgen.Russula.
基金funded by ANR(Agence Nationale de la Recherche française)in the context of the project ANR DROTHERMAL(Grant Number:ANR-20-CE02-0011-01).
文摘Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants.Often considered beneficial,polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary.Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle.Here,we assessed the contribution of winter-available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D.suzukii,under fluctuating late winter/early spring temperature regimes.We infested an artificial diet and three suitable fruit species available in winter/early spring(Aucuba japonica,Elaeagnus×submacrophylla,Viscum album)with D.suzukii larvae under three temperature regimes:constant 20℃,fluctuating controlled regime of 8-15℃(12 h of light at 8℃ and 12 h of dark at 15℃),and uncontrolled outdoor regime during spring.As expected,fly performance was impaired by early spring-like environmental conditions,whatever the development diet,and the winter fruit were suboptimal diets compared to the artificial diet,whatever the thermal regime.However,under cold fluctuating temperature regimes,the ranking of fruit supporting the best performance changed,highlighting the occurrence of physiological trade-offs.Winter-acclimated females preferentially oviposited in A.japonica and/or E.×submacrophylla,whatever the thermal regime,which does not support the preference-performance hypothesis.This finding is also discussed in the context of D.suzukii management strategies.
基金NR SEQUOIA(ANR-22-CE18-0006)Nan0Gold(ANR-22-CE29-0022)+3 种基金SAMURAI(ANR-24-CE19-2073-01)Wilive(ANR-24-CE09-2351-03)EUR CBH-EUR-GS(ANR-17-EURE 0003)for their financial supportthe French National Research Agency(Labex ARCANE,ANR-11-LABX-003 and CBH-EUR-GS,ANR-17-EURE-0003)that supported part of this study.
文摘Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.
文摘Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.
基金carried out within the framework of the V3EA Project“Electric,Energy Efficient,and Autonomous Vehicle”(2021-2025)supported by the Research National Agency(ANR)of the French Government。
文摘Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.
基金supported by project Emerging Infectious Diseases One Health Basic and Translational Research Actions addressing Unmet Needs on Emerging Infectious Diseases,INF-ACT,Spoke 1 and Spoke 5,Project number PE00000007,CUP B53C20040570005(to PP and DN).
文摘Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.
基金support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)-Projektnummer 505716422the French National Research Agency(ANR)grants ANR22-CE92-0058-01(SILA)and ANR-21-CE08-0001(ATOUUM)+2 种基金support by the DFG through the projects A05 of the SFB1394 StructuralChemical Atomic Complexity-From Defect Phase Diagrams to Material Properties,project ID 409476157support funded by the DFG-Projektnummer 562592407 and 555365333.
文摘Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys,known for their low density and high specific strength,are increasingly explored as lightweight structural materials across a broad range of industrial applications.However,their widespread application remains constrained by intrinsic mechanical limitations,fundamentally rooted in the nature of crystallographic defects.Atomic-scale modeling techniques are transforming our ability to unravel the structures,energetics,and dynamics of these defects and to explore their complex interactions,thereby guiding defect engineering in Mg alloys.However,the growing body of available data can make it difficult for researchers to identify critical knowledge gaps and promising areas for further exploration.To address this challenge,we highlight key research domains with significant potential for impactful advancements,aiming to illuminate these areas while inspiring innovative approaches and encouraging deeper exploration of pivotal topics that may shape the future of Mg alloy development.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in atomic-scale modeling of defects in Mg and its alloys.We introduce key simulation methodologies,including density functional theory and atomistic simulations,and highlight their applications to defect distribution,defect dynamics,and defect-defect interactions.By bridging fundamental insights in defects with alloy design strategies,this review aims to support and inspire the broader Mg research community and to underscore the growing impact of atomic-scale modeling in the accelerated development of high-performance Mg alloys.
基金supported by French Defense Innovation Agency(AID-DGA)(Grant No.ANR-21-ASM2-0002-02)in the framework of the Astrid Maturation SUCCESS+project,a collaborative French research project.
文摘This paper presents a simplified design tool based on semi-analytical formulations to investigate the dynamic response of an immersed composite cylinder subjected to a far-field underwater explosion.The cylinder is simply supported,fully submerged and filled with air inside.A classical shell theory using a Double Fourier series solution combined with the first-order Doubly Asymptotic Approximation(DAA1)formulation is adapted to model the fluid-structure interaction.An explicit non-standard finite difference scheme is applied to solve the coupled differential equations in time domain.The validity of DAA1 model is established by comparing the LS-DYNA/USA finite element results with existing experimental data from the literature.Then the proposed semi-analytical solutions are compared to the LS-DYNA/USA results,showing good correlation with a discrepancy of 7%for peak deflections and±9%for maximum stresses at the stand-off point for cylinders with relatively small length over radius ratios.Parametric studies examining the effect of different loading conditions,areal masses,and material configurations reveal that a large charge mass located far from the composite panel turns out to be more damaging than a small mass located nearby due to a broader pressure-time profile.Finally,the proposed model demonstrates a significant reduction in computation time,being approximately 30 times faster than its numerical counterpart,LS-DYNA/USA,making it a valuable tool for the preliminary design stages.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42120104004)。
文摘The 1739 M8.0 Pingluo earthquake occurred around the Yinchuan Graben,bounded by the Helan Mountains to the west and the Ordos Block to the east.Seismological observations have shown that surface fault displacement reaches about 2–3 m,mainly by dip-slip motion along the Helanshan Piedmont Fault.However,the documented seismic intensity is distributed predominantly within the basin area,exhibiting a sharp asymmetry across the Helanshan Piedmont Fault.Thus,the general pattern of earthquake faulting is still under debate.We built a three-dimensional elastodynamic finiteelement model to reappraise the fault mechanism.In the model,predictions from synthetic rupture models,based on available observations and the earthquake scaling law,were used as an input with the split-node technique,and the effect of basin sediment on elastic wave propagation was considered.The numerical results show that if an earthquake occurred on the Helanshan Piedmont Fault characterized by a high-angle(70°)normal fault,earthquake shaking,as predicted from the modeled peak ground velocity and peak ground acceleration,has difficulty fitting the observed result,even when the effect of sediment amplification is considered.To better fit the observed shaking pattern,the dip angle of the Helanshan Piedmont Fault must be less than about 35°between the depths of about 8–27 km,where the coseismic slip may reach about 6 m.This result leads us to conclude that the 1739 M8.0 great earthquake likely occurred on a listric normal fault at depth,in agreement with the geometry of the Helanshan Piedmont Fault,as recently evidenced by seismic reflection explorations.This conclusion means that in an intracontinental setting,a reduction in the fault dip angle along the subsurface could increase the width of the fault in the elastic crust,making misalignment between the surface rupture and the isoseismals and resulting in an increase in the upper bound of earthquake magnitude relative to simple high-angle faulting.
基金funded by Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)under grant number DS.C2025-28-06.
文摘Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.
基金supported by the National Italian Research Council(CNR)“Progetto DSB.AD007.305.001”to Monica Rinaldi。
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs.Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis,both direct and indirect,including chronic antigenic stimulation,direct infection of B cells,and viral protein-mediated oncogenic signaling,It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma.The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic HCV or HBV infection presents a complex pathogenetic scenario,given the tumor heterogeneity and variable clinical behavior,and poses therapeutic challenges,due to the partial efficacy of current treatment options.The advent of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for HCV and high-genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)for HBV has improved patient outcomes.In indolent HCV-associated B-NHLs,antiviral therapy with DAAs alone often achieves sustained virologic response and may lead to lymphoma regression.Conversely,aggressive subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas require combination treatment with immunochemotherapy.In the setting of HBV-associated lymphomas,antiviral prophylaxis with potent NAs(e.g.,entecavir or tenofovir)is essential to prevent HBV reactivation during rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen.The integration of antiviral and anticancer therapies has been shown to enhance survival outcomes while mitigating hepatic toxicity.A comprehensive understanding of the biological interplay between chronic viral infection and B-cell transformation is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Aim of this viewpoint is to provide evidence that early viral detection and prompt management remain the most effective strategies to improve survival rates and to reduce treatment-related morbidity in these patients.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2025201025,the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.BJK2024121the Open Fund of Hebei Cangzhou Groundwater and Land Subsidence National Observation and Research Station under Grant No.CGLOS-2025-04+1 种基金the HBU Innovation Team for Multi-Disaster Prevention in Transportation Geotechnics under Grant No.IT2023C04the Research Fund for Talented Scholars of HBU under Grant No.521100221063。
文摘Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.
基金supported by the University of Padua(to MR)by the project“RIPANE”of the Italian Ministry of Defense(to CM)by Cariparo Foundation(to CM)。
文摘The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).
