The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(...The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)in Computer Science(Section 6),as presented by a National Committee for Scientific Research(CoNRS)committee president.Rejecting bibliometrics like impact factors,CNRS emphasizes in-depth peer review of research quality,diverse outputs(e.g.,software and datasets),and field-specific considerations.The process,aligned with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment(DORA),faces challenges in scalability and subjectivity,addressed through committee diversity and structured deliberation.This work provides insights for institutions seeking fairer,more holistic research evaluation frameworks.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a...Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.展开更多
Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derive...Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular st...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs.Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis,both direct and indirect,including chronic antigenic stimulation,direct infection of B cells,and viral protein-mediated oncogenic signaling,It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma.The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic HCV or HBV infection presents a complex pathogenetic scenario,given the tumor heterogeneity and variable clinical behavior,and poses therapeutic challenges,due to the partial efficacy of current treatment options.The advent of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for HCV and high-genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)for HBV has improved patient outcomes.In indolent HCV-associated B-NHLs,antiviral therapy with DAAs alone often achieves sustained virologic response and may lead to lymphoma regression.Conversely,aggressive subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas require combination treatment with immunochemotherapy.In the setting of HBV-associated lymphomas,antiviral prophylaxis with potent NAs(e.g.,entecavir or tenofovir)is essential to prevent HBV reactivation during rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen.The integration of antiviral and anticancer therapies has been shown to enhance survival outcomes while mitigating hepatic toxicity.A comprehensive understanding of the biological interplay between chronic viral infection and B-cell transformation is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Aim of this viewpoint is to provide evidence that early viral detection and prompt management remain the most effective strategies to improve survival rates and to reduce treatment-related morbidity in these patients.展开更多
The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore functio...The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).展开更多
The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble dif...The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble differentiated neurons;however, they do not exhibit extensive and time-prolonged neuritogenesis, and maintain their duplication capacity in culture. The aim of the present work was to facilitate long-term and more homogeneous neuronal differentiation in motor neuron–like NSC-34 cells. We found that the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside promoted robust and persistent neuronal differentiation in the entire cell population. Long and interconnecting neuronal processes with abundant growth cones were homogeneously induced and were durable for up to at least 6 weeks in culture. Moreover, cytosine arabinoside was permissive, dispensable, and mostly irreversible in priming NSC-34 cells for neurite initiation and regeneration after mechanical dislodgement. Finally, the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 was inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, whereas the expression levels of neuronal growth associated protein 43, vimentin, and motor neuron–specific p75, Islet2, homeobox 9 markers were upregulated, as confirmed by western blot and/or confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these findings support the use of NSC-34 cells as a motor neuron model for properly investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and prospectively identifying neuroprotective strategies.展开更多
Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia ...Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia by Arnold Pick in the same years,and Lewy bodies by Friedrich Lewy in 1912.These foundational studies laid the groundwork for the classification of what we now recognize as distinct neurodegenerative entities(Allali,2024).展开更多
Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,espe...Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.展开更多
With the rapid development of twodimensional MXene materials,numerous preparation strategies have been proposed to enhance synthesis efficiency,mitigate environmental impact,and enable scalability for large-scale prod...With the rapid development of twodimensional MXene materials,numerous preparation strategies have been proposed to enhance synthesis efficiency,mitigate environmental impact,and enable scalability for large-scale production.The compound etching approach,which relies on cationic oxidation of the A element of MAX phase precursors while anions typically adsorb onto MXene surfaces as functional groups,remains the main prevalent strategy.By contrast,synthesis methodologies utilizing elemental etching agents have been rarely reported.Here,we report a new elemental tellurium(Te)-based etching strategy for the preparation of MXene materials with tunable surface chemistry.By selectively removing the A-site element in MAX phases using Te,our approach avoids the use of toxic fluoride reagents and achieves tellurium-terminated surface groups that significantly enhance sodium storage performance.Experimental results show that Te-etched MXene delivers substantially higher capacities(exceeding 50%improvement over conventionally etched MXene)with superior rate capability,retaining high capacity at large current densities and demonstrating over 90%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.This innovative synthetic strategy provides new insight into controllable MXene preparation and performance optimization,while the as-obtained materials hold promises for high-performance sodium-ion batteries and other energy storage systems.展开更多
Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared t...Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes(India,Paraguay,Mozambique,and Pakistan),all grown under the same outdoor conditions,as well as two commercial powders(Just Moringa and WISSA),using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Extracts from fresh leaves were 19-43%more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves,depending on the ecotype,likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content.Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes,characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids,as well as Just Moringa,enriched in kaempferol derivatives,significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide(NO)production(p<0.05).Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression(p<0.05 and p<0.01,respectively),whereas only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels(p<0.05).In contrast,quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts,indicating that the phytocomplex displays greater bioactivity than individual compounds.Overall,these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves,highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products.展开更多
The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is re...The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.展开更多
Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to ...Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.展开更多
Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in de...Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.展开更多
Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common intraocular cancer,with approximately 5.2 individuals per million affected annually in the United States.It represents approximately 3%of the global malignant melanoma cases,accoun...Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common intraocular cancer,with approximately 5.2 individuals per million affected annually in the United States.It represents approximately 3%of the global malignant melanoma cases,accounting for 80%of the overall noncutaneous melanomas.Clinically,it remains silent in about 30%of the cases;when symptomatic,it generally causes metamorphopsia(painless loss or distortion of vision)and/or photopsia(flashing or flickering of light in the visual field).Discoloration of the iris,astigmatism,glaucoma,and even blindness are other,less common clinical manifestations.Several pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the development of UM.Genetic mutations,involving especially the G protein subunit alpha q(GNAQ),guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11(GNA11),BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1(BAP1),splicing factor 3b subunit 1(SF3B1),and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A,X-linked(EIF1AX)genes as well as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway genes,have been largely associated with the development of UM.Chromosomal aberrations,inflammatory and immunological alterations are often concurrent factors for the development and progression of UM.Therapies targeting specific genetic alterations and immunotherapy agents have been recently developed and introduced in clinical practice for the management of advanced-stage UMs.This review aims to present the latest advances in the clinical molecular pathology of UM,along with the resulting targeted,immunological,and other therapies that have been introduced or are currently under investigation.展开更多
A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-d...A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-dimensional cusp boundary from a two-dimensional X-ray image because the detected X-ray signals will be integrated along the line of sight.In this work,a global magnetohydrodynamic code was used to simulate the X-ray images and photon count images,assuming an interplanetary magnetic field with a pure Bz component.The assumption of an elliptic cusp boundary at a given altitude was used to trace the equatorward and poleward boundaries of the cusp from a simulated X-ray image.The average discrepancy was less than 0.1 RE.To reduce the influence of instrument effects and cosmic X-ray backgrounds,image denoising was considered before applying the method above to SXI photon count images.The cusp boundaries were reasonably reconstructed from the noisy X-ray image.展开更多
Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:124 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01918-8 In this article the author’s name Yasutomo Hoshika was incorrectly written as Yasutoma Hoshika.The original article ha...Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:124 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01918-8 In this article the author’s name Yasutomo Hoshika was incorrectly written as Yasutoma Hoshika.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
文摘The evaluation of academic researchers often relies on quantitative metrics,despite their limitations.This paper examines the qualitative assessment approach used by the French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)in Computer Science(Section 6),as presented by a National Committee for Scientific Research(CoNRS)committee president.Rejecting bibliometrics like impact factors,CNRS emphasizes in-depth peer review of research quality,diverse outputs(e.g.,software and datasets),and field-specific considerations.The process,aligned with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment(DORA),faces challenges in scalability and subjectivity,addressed through committee diversity and structured deliberation.This work provides insights for institutions seeking fairer,more holistic research evaluation frameworks.
文摘Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a pathological condition that impairs both sensorimotor and cognitive functions.While research has long focused on understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing treatments,only a few studies have investigated the cellular and molecular consequences that occur in the brain after trauma.From the earliest stages,the injury triggers microglial activation,increased neuronal death,and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
基金supported by project Emerging Infectious Diseases One Health Basic and Translational Research Actions addressing Unmet Needs on Emerging Infectious Diseases,INF-ACT,Spoke 1 and Spoke 5,Project number PE00000007,CUP B53C20040570005(to PP and DN).
文摘Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金supported by the National Italian Research Council(CNR)“Progetto DSB.AD007.305.001”to Monica Rinaldi。
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are increasingly recognized as significant etiological factors in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(B-NHLs).Epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated a consistent association between chronic viral infection and B-NHLs.Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in lymphomagenesis,both direct and indirect,including chronic antigenic stimulation,direct infection of B cells,and viral protein-mediated oncogenic signaling,It is likely that a combination of several pathogenic conditions is required to eventually lead to the development of lymphoma.The prevalence of B-cell lymphomas among individuals with chronic HCV or HBV infection presents a complex pathogenetic scenario,given the tumor heterogeneity and variable clinical behavior,and poses therapeutic challenges,due to the partial efficacy of current treatment options.The advent of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for HCV and high-genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)for HBV has improved patient outcomes.In indolent HCV-associated B-NHLs,antiviral therapy with DAAs alone often achieves sustained virologic response and may lead to lymphoma regression.Conversely,aggressive subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas require combination treatment with immunochemotherapy.In the setting of HBV-associated lymphomas,antiviral prophylaxis with potent NAs(e.g.,entecavir or tenofovir)is essential to prevent HBV reactivation during rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen.The integration of antiviral and anticancer therapies has been shown to enhance survival outcomes while mitigating hepatic toxicity.A comprehensive understanding of the biological interplay between chronic viral infection and B-cell transformation is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Aim of this viewpoint is to provide evidence that early viral detection and prompt management remain the most effective strategies to improve survival rates and to reduce treatment-related morbidity in these patients.
基金supported by the University of Padua(to MR)by the project“RIPANE”of the Italian Ministry of Defense(to CM)by Cariparo Foundation(to CM)。
文摘The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).
基金supported by FATALSDrug Project [Progetti di Ricerca@CNR SAC.AD002.173.058] from National Research Council,Italy (to CV)。
文摘The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble differentiated neurons;however, they do not exhibit extensive and time-prolonged neuritogenesis, and maintain their duplication capacity in culture. The aim of the present work was to facilitate long-term and more homogeneous neuronal differentiation in motor neuron–like NSC-34 cells. We found that the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside promoted robust and persistent neuronal differentiation in the entire cell population. Long and interconnecting neuronal processes with abundant growth cones were homogeneously induced and were durable for up to at least 6 weeks in culture. Moreover, cytosine arabinoside was permissive, dispensable, and mostly irreversible in priming NSC-34 cells for neurite initiation and regeneration after mechanical dislodgement. Finally, the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 was inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, whereas the expression levels of neuronal growth associated protein 43, vimentin, and motor neuron–specific p75, Islet2, homeobox 9 markers were upregulated, as confirmed by western blot and/or confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these findings support the use of NSC-34 cells as a motor neuron model for properly investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and prospectively identifying neuroprotective strategies.
文摘Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia by Arnold Pick in the same years,and Lewy bodies by Friedrich Lewy in 1912.These foundational studies laid the groundwork for the classification of what we now recognize as distinct neurodegenerative entities(Allali,2024).
基金funded by Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)under grant number DS.C2025-28-06.
文摘Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472228,22309202)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1942)the Gusu Leading Talents Program(ZXL2023190)。
文摘With the rapid development of twodimensional MXene materials,numerous preparation strategies have been proposed to enhance synthesis efficiency,mitigate environmental impact,and enable scalability for large-scale production.The compound etching approach,which relies on cationic oxidation of the A element of MAX phase precursors while anions typically adsorb onto MXene surfaces as functional groups,remains the main prevalent strategy.By contrast,synthesis methodologies utilizing elemental etching agents have been rarely reported.Here,we report a new elemental tellurium(Te)-based etching strategy for the preparation of MXene materials with tunable surface chemistry.By selectively removing the A-site element in MAX phases using Te,our approach avoids the use of toxic fluoride reagents and achieves tellurium-terminated surface groups that significantly enhance sodium storage performance.Experimental results show that Te-etched MXene delivers substantially higher capacities(exceeding 50%improvement over conventionally etched MXene)with superior rate capability,retaining high capacity at large current densities and demonstrating over 90%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.This innovative synthetic strategy provides new insight into controllable MXene preparation and performance optimization,while the as-obtained materials hold promises for high-performance sodium-ion batteries and other energy storage systems.
文摘Moringa oleifera(MO)is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders;however,the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood.In this study,we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes(India,Paraguay,Mozambique,and Pakistan),all grown under the same outdoor conditions,as well as two commercial powders(Just Moringa and WISSA),using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Extracts from fresh leaves were 19-43%more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves,depending on the ecotype,likely due to higher cyanogenic glycoside content.Extracts from the India and Paraguay ecotypes,characterized by high levels of quercetin derivatives and caffeic acids,as well as Just Moringa,enriched in kaempferol derivatives,significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide(NO)production(p<0.05).Just Moringa and Paraguay extracts also reduced iNOS gene expression(p<0.05 and p<0.01,respectively),whereas only the Paraguay extract decreased iNOS protein levels(p<0.05).In contrast,quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin showed significant effects only at concentrations approximately 100-fold higher than those present in the extracts,indicating that the phytocomplex displays greater bioactivity than individual compounds.Overall,these results demonstrate that ecotypic variation strongly affects the polyphenolic composition and anti-inflammatory properties of MO leaves,highlighting the importance of reporting both origin and phytochemical composition in MO-based products.
基金funded by United Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship Commission。
文摘The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
文摘Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075137)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140161)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JJB 110003)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800936312)the high-level talent program of Dongguan University of Technology(No.221110080)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202103014).
文摘Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.
文摘Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common intraocular cancer,with approximately 5.2 individuals per million affected annually in the United States.It represents approximately 3%of the global malignant melanoma cases,accounting for 80%of the overall noncutaneous melanomas.Clinically,it remains silent in about 30%of the cases;when symptomatic,it generally causes metamorphopsia(painless loss or distortion of vision)and/or photopsia(flashing or flickering of light in the visual field).Discoloration of the iris,astigmatism,glaucoma,and even blindness are other,less common clinical manifestations.Several pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the development of UM.Genetic mutations,involving especially the G protein subunit alpha q(GNAQ),guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11(GNA11),BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1(BAP1),splicing factor 3b subunit 1(SF3B1),and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A,X-linked(EIF1AX)genes as well as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway genes,have been largely associated with the development of UM.Chromosomal aberrations,inflammatory and immunological alterations are often concurrent factors for the development and progression of UM.Therapies targeting specific genetic alterations and immunotherapy agents have been recently developed and introduced in clinical practice for the management of advanced-stage UMs.This review aims to present the latest advances in the clinical molecular pathology of UM,along with the resulting targeted,immunological,and other therapies that have been introduced or are currently under investigation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under Grant Numbers 42322408,42188101,and 42441809Additional support was provided by the Climbing Program of the National Space Science Center(NSSC,Grant No.E4PD3005)as well as the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of China.
文摘A large-scale view of the magnetospheric cusp is expected to be obtained by the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)onboard the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE).However,it is challenging to trace the three-dimensional cusp boundary from a two-dimensional X-ray image because the detected X-ray signals will be integrated along the line of sight.In this work,a global magnetohydrodynamic code was used to simulate the X-ray images and photon count images,assuming an interplanetary magnetic field with a pure Bz component.The assumption of an elliptic cusp boundary at a given altitude was used to trace the equatorward and poleward boundaries of the cusp from a simulated X-ray image.The average discrepancy was less than 0.1 RE.To reduce the influence of instrument effects and cosmic X-ray backgrounds,image denoising was considered before applying the method above to SXI photon count images.The cusp boundaries were reasonably reconstructed from the noisy X-ray image.
文摘Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:124 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01918-8 In this article the author’s name Yasutomo Hoshika was incorrectly written as Yasutoma Hoshika.The original article has been corrected.
