本文聚焦法国社会性集合住宅中“交通空间”(espaces de distribution)的使用品质问题,探讨在高密度开发、土地节制与居住空间压缩的多重现实约束下,建筑师如何通过设计策略激活住宅之间的中介空间,重建邻里关系与共享性日常生活。文章...本文聚焦法国社会性集合住宅中“交通空间”(espaces de distribution)的使用品质问题,探讨在高密度开发、土地节制与居住空间压缩的多重现实约束下,建筑师如何通过设计策略激活住宅之间的中介空间,重建邻里关系与共享性日常生活。文章指出,传统住宅类型在应对家庭结构多样化与居住需求弹性方面已显不足,而中介性空间因其模糊性与开放性,正成为提升住宅使用质量的重要媒介。通过对Plan Comùn与Sophie Delhay两个社会住房项目的深入分析,本文展示了楼层平台、外廊等交通空间如何被重新赋能,转化为具备社会性与适应性的活力空间。这些空间不仅改善了采光与通风条件,更成为激发邻里交流、容纳非正式使用、延展住宅边界的关键场所。本文主张在当前标准化建造体系中重新理解交通空间的潜能,将其作为“协商场域”与“日常生成场”进行建筑操作,拓展对集体居住的空间想象,为法国社会性住房的未来发展提供可持续的设计路径。展开更多
Despite the abundant water resources available in Lebanon, it still faces a water shortage. Pollution is one of the main stresses on Lebanon’s water resources. This study was carried out in Nabaa El Tasseh Spring, th...Despite the abundant water resources available in Lebanon, it still faces a water shortage. Pollution is one of the main stresses on Lebanon’s water resources. This study was carried out in Nabaa El Tasseh Spring, the main water supply source in the Nabatiyeh Region. The aim of this study is to assess water quality of the spring of Nabaa El Tasseh during winter and spring seasons to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI). At the Environmental Laboratory of Lebanese University, Faculty of Agronomy, water was tested physiochemical parameters including temperature, hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), anions (NO3−, Cl−, SO42−), and cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Fe2+). The majority of the physical and chemical parameters under investigation fell below the international and Lebanese norms, including WHO recommendations. Additionally, fecal Streptococcus, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were determined using microbiological testing. Due to its proximity to agricultural activities, the Nabaa El Tasseh Spring water was contaminated by total coliforms. Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococcus, on the other hand, are a sign of animal or human sewage contamination in groundwater. WQI was calculated using the Weighted Arithmetic Index approach. This study has shown that water quality in Nabaa El Tasseh Spring was not acceptable for consumption without treatment in February 2019 with WQI values equal to 88.608, but it became 31.51 acceptable during April and 18.22 in December 2022. An index is a useful tool for conveying water quality information to the public and legislative decision-makers. Although the WQI is excellent in the spring, there is microbiological pollution, thus water treatment is required. The results indicated that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) could clearly explain the pollution trends in the spring over several months. The study’s findings indicate that before the water of Nabaa El Tasseh Spring can be used for drinking or residential purposes, it must first undergo extensive treatment.展开更多
Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （...Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （2） and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater （OMW） under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Gl＂ignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） and the total organic carbon （TOC） were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance （NMR） showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.展开更多
AIM： To examine the relationships between pre-diag- nostic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk and assess their relevance in predictive models.METHODS： A nested case-control study was designed to include all first...AIM： To examine the relationships between pre-diag- nostic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk and assess their relevance in predictive models.METHODS： A nested case-control study was designed to include all first primary incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between inclusion in the SUpplemen- tation en VItamines et Min^raux AntioXydants cohort in 1994 and the end of follow-up in 2007. Cases （n = 50） were matched with two randomly selected con- trols （n = 100）. Conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between pre- diagnostic levels of hs-CRP, adiponectin, leptin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I, E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and colorectal cancer risk. Area under the receiver operating curves （AUC） and relative integrated discrimination improvement （RIDI） statistics were used to assess the discriminatory poten- tial of the models. RESULTS： Plasma adiponectin level was associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk （P for linear trend -- 0.03）. Quartiles of sVCAM-1 were associated with increased colorectal cancer risk （P for linear trend = 0.02）. No association was observed with any of the other biomarkers. Compared to standard models with known risk factors, those including both adiponectin and sVCAM-1 had substantially improved performance for colorectal cancer risk prediction （P for AUC improve- ment = 0.01, RIDI = 26.5%）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that pre-diag- nostic plasma adiponectin and sVCAM-1 levels are as- sociated with decreased and increased colorectal cancer risk, respectively. These relationships must be confirmed in large validation studies.展开更多
A new ultrasonic three-point bending fatigue test device was introduced to investigate fatigue life ranging up to 1010 cycles and associated fracture behavior of Ti-Al alloy. Tests were performed at a frequency of 20 ...A new ultrasonic three-point bending fatigue test device was introduced to investigate fatigue life ranging up to 1010 cycles and associated fracture behavior of Ti-Al alloy. Tests were performed at a frequency of 20 kHz with stress ratio R=0.5 and R=0.7 at ambient temperature in air. Three groups of specimens with different surface roughness were applied to investigate the effect of surface roughness on fatigue life. Furthermore, optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used for microstructure characteristic and fracture surface analysis. The S—N curves obtained show that fatigue failure occurs in the range of 105 ?1010 cycles, and the asymptote of S—N curve inclines slightly in very high cycle regime, but is not horizontal for R=0.5. Fatigue limit appears after 108 cycles for R=0.7. Surface roughness (the maximum roughness is no more than 3 μm) has no influence on the fatigue properties in the high cycle regime. A detailed investigation on fatigue fracture surface shows that the Ti-Al alloy studied here is a binary alloy in the microstructure composed of α2-Ti3Al and γ-Ti-Al with fully lamellar microstructure. Fractography shows that fatigue failures are mostly initiated on the surface of specimens, also, in very high cycle regime, subsurface fatigue crack initiation can be found. Interlamellar fatigue crack initiation is predominant in the Ti-Al alloy with fully lamellar structure. Fatigue crack growth is mainly in transgranular mode.展开更多
Cholesterol is a key molecule in the mammalian physiology of especial particular importance for the reproductive system as it is the common precursor for steroid hormone synthesis. Cholesterol is also a recognized mod...Cholesterol is a key molecule in the mammalian physiology of especial particular importance for the reproductive system as it is the common precursor for steroid hormone synthesis. Cholesterol is also a recognized modulator of sperm functions, not only at the level of gametogenesis. Cholesterol homeostasis regulation is crucial for posttesticular sperm maturation, and imbalanced cholesterol levels may particularly affect these posttesticular events. Metabolic lipid disorders （dyslipidemia） affect male fertility but are most of the time studied from the angle of endocrine/testicular consequences. This review will focus on the deleterious effects of a particular dyslipidemia, Le., hypercholesterolemia, on posttesticular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa.展开更多
Lifestyle factors, such as weight and nutritional status may affect male fertility, including sperm fertilization ability. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between body mass in...Lifestyle factors, such as weight and nutritional status may affect male fertility, including sperm fertilization ability. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between body mass index （BMI） and sperm-zona pellucida binding ability assessed according to the zona binding （ZB） test, which has been described to be a relevant diagnostic tool for the prediction of in vitro fertilization （IVF） ability. Three hundred and six male patients from couples diagnosed with primary idiopathic or mild male factor infertility were included. Correlations between BMI and semen parameters according to ZB test indices were assessed, together with frequencies of positive and negative tests across the BMI categories. In this selected population, BMI was not related to conventional semen parameters or sperm quality assessed according to the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida. The previously described poor outcomes of IVF procedures in cases of male obesity could be due to other sperm defects, such as alterations of sperm capacitation or acrosome reaction. The link between male BMI and biological outcomes during IVF procedures, such as fertilization rates, should be further evaluated.展开更多
The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this me...The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this method does not lead to precise results.To overcome these problems,in the present study,a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process.These include:the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures,the steam temperature,the phosphoric acid density,the phosphoric acid volume flow rate circulating in the loop.Some statistical accuracy indices are employed simultaneously to justify the interrelation between these independent variables and the fouling resistance and to select the best training algorithm allowing the determination of the optimal number of hidden neurons.In particular,the BFGS quasi-Newton back-propagation approach is found to be the most performing of the considered training algorithms.Furthermore,the best topology ANN for the shell and tube heat exchanger is obtained with a network consisting of one hidden layer with 13 neurons using a tangent sigmoid transfer function for the hidden and output layers.This model predicts the experimental values of the fouling resistance with AARD%=0.065,MSE=2.168×10^(−11),RMSE=4.656×10^(−6)and r^(2)=0.994.展开更多
文摘本文聚焦法国社会性集合住宅中“交通空间”(espaces de distribution)的使用品质问题,探讨在高密度开发、土地节制与居住空间压缩的多重现实约束下,建筑师如何通过设计策略激活住宅之间的中介空间,重建邻里关系与共享性日常生活。文章指出,传统住宅类型在应对家庭结构多样化与居住需求弹性方面已显不足,而中介性空间因其模糊性与开放性,正成为提升住宅使用质量的重要媒介。通过对Plan Comùn与Sophie Delhay两个社会住房项目的深入分析,本文展示了楼层平台、外廊等交通空间如何被重新赋能,转化为具备社会性与适应性的活力空间。这些空间不仅改善了采光与通风条件,更成为激发邻里交流、容纳非正式使用、延展住宅边界的关键场所。本文主张在当前标准化建造体系中重新理解交通空间的潜能,将其作为“协商场域”与“日常生成场”进行建筑操作,拓展对集体居住的空间想象,为法国社会性住房的未来发展提供可持续的设计路径。
文摘Despite the abundant water resources available in Lebanon, it still faces a water shortage. Pollution is one of the main stresses on Lebanon’s water resources. This study was carried out in Nabaa El Tasseh Spring, the main water supply source in the Nabatiyeh Region. The aim of this study is to assess water quality of the spring of Nabaa El Tasseh during winter and spring seasons to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI). At the Environmental Laboratory of Lebanese University, Faculty of Agronomy, water was tested physiochemical parameters including temperature, hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), anions (NO3−, Cl−, SO42−), and cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Fe2+). The majority of the physical and chemical parameters under investigation fell below the international and Lebanese norms, including WHO recommendations. Additionally, fecal Streptococcus, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were determined using microbiological testing. Due to its proximity to agricultural activities, the Nabaa El Tasseh Spring water was contaminated by total coliforms. Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococcus, on the other hand, are a sign of animal or human sewage contamination in groundwater. WQI was calculated using the Weighted Arithmetic Index approach. This study has shown that water quality in Nabaa El Tasseh Spring was not acceptable for consumption without treatment in February 2019 with WQI values equal to 88.608, but it became 31.51 acceptable during April and 18.22 in December 2022. An index is a useful tool for conveying water quality information to the public and legislative decision-makers. Although the WQI is excellent in the spring, there is microbiological pollution, thus water treatment is required. The results indicated that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) could clearly explain the pollution trends in the spring over several months. The study’s findings indicate that before the water of Nabaa El Tasseh Spring can be used for drinking or residential purposes, it must first undergo extensive treatment.
文摘Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts： （1） their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; （2） and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater （OMW） under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Gl＂ignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） and the total organic carbon （TOC） were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance （NMR） showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.
基金Supported by A grant from the French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer), No. INCa 2007-1-SPC-3
文摘AIM： To examine the relationships between pre-diag- nostic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk and assess their relevance in predictive models.METHODS： A nested case-control study was designed to include all first primary incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between inclusion in the SUpplemen- tation en VItamines et Min^raux AntioXydants cohort in 1994 and the end of follow-up in 2007. Cases （n = 50） were matched with two randomly selected con- trols （n = 100）. Conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between pre- diagnostic levels of hs-CRP, adiponectin, leptin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I, E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and colorectal cancer risk. Area under the receiver operating curves （AUC） and relative integrated discrimination improvement （RIDI） statistics were used to assess the discriminatory poten- tial of the models. RESULTS： Plasma adiponectin level was associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk （P for linear trend -- 0.03）. Quartiles of sVCAM-1 were associated with increased colorectal cancer risk （P for linear trend = 0.02）. No association was observed with any of the other biomarkers. Compared to standard models with known risk factors, those including both adiponectin and sVCAM-1 had substantially improved performance for colorectal cancer risk prediction （P for AUC improve- ment = 0.01, RIDI = 26.5%）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that pre-diag- nostic plasma adiponectin and sVCAM-1 levels are as- sociated with decreased and increased colorectal cancer risk, respectively. These relationships must be confirmed in large validation studies.
基金Project(50775182) support by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006E133) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China
文摘A new ultrasonic three-point bending fatigue test device was introduced to investigate fatigue life ranging up to 1010 cycles and associated fracture behavior of Ti-Al alloy. Tests were performed at a frequency of 20 kHz with stress ratio R=0.5 and R=0.7 at ambient temperature in air. Three groups of specimens with different surface roughness were applied to investigate the effect of surface roughness on fatigue life. Furthermore, optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used for microstructure characteristic and fracture surface analysis. The S—N curves obtained show that fatigue failure occurs in the range of 105 ?1010 cycles, and the asymptote of S—N curve inclines slightly in very high cycle regime, but is not horizontal for R=0.5. Fatigue limit appears after 108 cycles for R=0.7. Surface roughness (the maximum roughness is no more than 3 μm) has no influence on the fatigue properties in the high cycle regime. A detailed investigation on fatigue fracture surface shows that the Ti-Al alloy studied here is a binary alloy in the microstructure composed of α2-Ti3Al and γ-Ti-Al with fully lamellar microstructure. Fractography shows that fatigue failures are mostly initiated on the surface of specimens, also, in very high cycle regime, subsurface fatigue crack initiation can be found. Interlamellar fatigue crack initiation is predominant in the Ti-Al alloy with fully lamellar structure. Fatigue crack growth is mainly in transgranular mode.
文摘Cholesterol is a key molecule in the mammalian physiology of especial particular importance for the reproductive system as it is the common precursor for steroid hormone synthesis. Cholesterol is also a recognized modulator of sperm functions, not only at the level of gametogenesis. Cholesterol homeostasis regulation is crucial for posttesticular sperm maturation, and imbalanced cholesterol levels may particularly affect these posttesticular events. Metabolic lipid disorders （dyslipidemia） affect male fertility but are most of the time studied from the angle of endocrine/testicular consequences. This review will focus on the deleterious effects of a particular dyslipidemia, Le., hypercholesterolemia, on posttesticular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa.
文摘Lifestyle factors, such as weight and nutritional status may affect male fertility, including sperm fertilization ability. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between body mass index （BMI） and sperm-zona pellucida binding ability assessed according to the zona binding （ZB） test, which has been described to be a relevant diagnostic tool for the prediction of in vitro fertilization （IVF） ability. Three hundred and six male patients from couples diagnosed with primary idiopathic or mild male factor infertility were included. Correlations between BMI and semen parameters according to ZB test indices were assessed, together with frequencies of positive and negative tests across the BMI categories. In this selected population, BMI was not related to conventional semen parameters or sperm quality assessed according to the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida. The previously described poor outcomes of IVF procedures in cases of male obesity could be due to other sperm defects, such as alterations of sperm capacitation or acrosome reaction. The link between male BMI and biological outcomes during IVF procedures, such as fertilization rates, should be further evaluated.
文摘The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this method does not lead to precise results.To overcome these problems,in the present study,a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process.These include:the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures,the steam temperature,the phosphoric acid density,the phosphoric acid volume flow rate circulating in the loop.Some statistical accuracy indices are employed simultaneously to justify the interrelation between these independent variables and the fouling resistance and to select the best training algorithm allowing the determination of the optimal number of hidden neurons.In particular,the BFGS quasi-Newton back-propagation approach is found to be the most performing of the considered training algorithms.Furthermore,the best topology ANN for the shell and tube heat exchanger is obtained with a network consisting of one hidden layer with 13 neurons using a tangent sigmoid transfer function for the hidden and output layers.This model predicts the experimental values of the fouling resistance with AARD%=0.065,MSE=2.168×10^(−11),RMSE=4.656×10^(−6)and r^(2)=0.994.
