This paper presents a novel integration of building energy simulation with The World Avatar(TWA),a dynamic knowledge graph and agent-based framework designed for comprehensive and interoperable digital representation ...This paper presents a novel integration of building energy simulation with The World Avatar(TWA),a dynamic knowledge graph and agent-based framework designed for comprehensive and interoperable digital representation of the world.The study addresses the imperative for accurate and granular building energy data in energy planning scenarios.By leveraging knowledge graph,agents within TWA replace default assumptions in simulation tools with real-time and location-specific input data,such as building geometry,usage,weather,and terrain elevation.This integrated approach automates the simulation process,enabling agents to retrieve input data,execute simulations,and update the knowledge graph with results in a consistent format.To demonstrate this approach,we developed a simulation agent using the City Energy Analyst.Validation against external datasets from Germany and Singapore shows that the agent significantly improves simulation accuracy.The study also highlights the challenges in data acquisition and processing for municipal heat planning,aligning with the requirements of the German Heat Planning Act.Using Pirmasens,a mid-sized city in Germany,as an example,we demonstrate the practical applicability of the agent in municipal heat planning by providing highly granular data on the heating demands and the solar potentials for heat generation.An accompanying economic analysis further evaluates the cost implications and energy storage requirements associated with the installation of solar collectors,and identifies zones in the city with high solar suitability.These insights enable data-driven decision-making,showcasing the potential of this integrated approach to support municipal heat planning.展开更多
Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,includ...Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,including olfactory,visual,acoustic,tactile and gustatory cues.While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects,there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by microorganisms.However,to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs.In this study,we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels.Experiments were performed using two aphid species(Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var.nicotianae Blackman),three primary parasitoid species(Aphidius colemani Viereck,A.ervi Haliday,and A.matricariae Viereck),and two hyperparasitoid species(Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani).Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains(Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133,Curtobacterium sp.ST18.16/085,and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160)that were isolated from the habitat of the insects.Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles,but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels.All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds,but often in different relative concentrations.For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.Furthermore,olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)programmePart of this work was also supported by Towards Turing 2.0 under EPSRC,United Kingdom Grant EP/Y016076/1.
文摘This paper presents a novel integration of building energy simulation with The World Avatar(TWA),a dynamic knowledge graph and agent-based framework designed for comprehensive and interoperable digital representation of the world.The study addresses the imperative for accurate and granular building energy data in energy planning scenarios.By leveraging knowledge graph,agents within TWA replace default assumptions in simulation tools with real-time and location-specific input data,such as building geometry,usage,weather,and terrain elevation.This integrated approach automates the simulation process,enabling agents to retrieve input data,execute simulations,and update the knowledge graph with results in a consistent format.To demonstrate this approach,we developed a simulation agent using the City Energy Analyst.Validation against external datasets from Germany and Singapore shows that the agent significantly improves simulation accuracy.The study also highlights the challenges in data acquisition and processing for municipal heat planning,aligning with the requirements of the German Heat Planning Act.Using Pirmasens,a mid-sized city in Germany,as an example,we demonstrate the practical applicability of the agent in municipal heat planning by providing highly granular data on the heating demands and the solar potentials for heat generation.An accompanying economic analysis further evaluates the cost implications and energy storage requirements associated with the installation of solar collectors,and identifies zones in the city with high solar suitability.These insights enable data-driven decision-making,showcasing the potential of this integrated approach to support municipal heat planning.
文摘Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources.To locate their resources,insects use diverse stimuli,including olfactory,visual,acoustic,tactile and gustatory cues.While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects,there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by microorganisms.However,to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs.In this study,we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels.Experiments were performed using two aphid species(Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var.nicotianae Blackman),three primary parasitoid species(Aphidius colemani Viereck,A.ervi Haliday,and A.matricariae Viereck),and two hyperparasitoid species(Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani).Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains(Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133,Curtobacterium sp.ST18.16/085,and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160)that were isolated from the habitat of the insects.Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles,but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels.All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds,but often in different relative concentrations.For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.Furthermore,olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids.The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.
